US20130312434A1

US20130312434A1 - Method and apparatus for recovering the refrigerant from an air conditioning system

Info

Publication number: US20130312434A1
Application number: US13/903,027
Authority: US
Inventors: Rahhali Sanhaji
Original assignee: Ecotechnics SpA
Current assignee: Ecotechnics SpA
Priority date: 2012-05-28
Filing date: 2013-05-28
Publication date: 2013-11-28
Also published as: CN103453703A; EP2669606B1; ITPI20120065A1; CN103453703B; EP2669606A1; ES2550108T3

Abstract

An apparatus for recovering refrigerant (230) from an air conditioning system includes a collector for connecting hydraulically a high pressure branch and a low pressure branch, provided in the air conditioning system, with a fluid feeding duct of the fluid into the apparatus. The apparatus also has an evaporator arranged to separate the refrigerant from impurities, through an evaporation of residual liquid fractions of the refrigerant obtaining a purified refrigerant that rises towards an upper part of the evaporator, from impurities that are concentrated in a lower part of the evaporator.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a method for recovering a refrigerant from an air conditioning system, for example an A/C system of cars.
Furthermore, the invention relates to an apparatus for recovering, depurating and refilling a refrigerant into said air conditioning system.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

As known, the refrigerant present in conditioning systems, in particular A/C systems on board of vehicles such as cars, is periodically recovered and recycled for eliminating impurities accumulated during the operation. A type of recovering and regenerating machine is disclosed in EP1367343A1.
Furthermore, for opposing the greenhouse effect due to the dispersion of the refrigerant gas used in the conditioning systems, laws and regulations define more and more restrictive limits on the waste gas recovering processes, like for refrigerant R-134a currently known in most of the air conditioning systems of cars. In particular, the presently known regulations require that at least the 95.0% of the total gas contained in the air conditioning system is recovered.
With the introduction in the new cars, for example according to the 2006/40/CE regulation, of the refrigerant called HFO-1234yf, which has a lower impact on global heating than HFC-134a, but a much higher cost, the step of recovering the gas becomes important concerning both the environmental and the economic aspects.
A further drawback concerned with the safety of the recovering and regenerating steps is concerned with the fact that refrigerant HFO 1234yf is inflammable. Actually, residual fractions refrigerant present in the system, whose recovery would require too much time, are normally discharged in the environment when the vacuum pump of the refrigerant recovering machines is operated. The vacuum step is a step necessary that is done before refilling the gas. The discharge of small amounts of refrigerant, which then would make a mix with the oxygen present in the air, can generate a gaseous mixture capable of exploding or catching fire, with consequent danger for objects and people.
The operations of recovering, regenerating and refilling the refrigerant effected by machines as described in EP1367343A1 must follow particular standards, like SAE J2843 and SAE J2788, which, beyond defining a minimum threshold recovered refrigerant (for example 95%), define also safety conditions and time limits for carrying out these steps. In particular, at least the 95.0% of refrigerant has to be recovered in a maximum time of 30 min, without heating the components of the system, in an outside temperature range between 21° and 24° C. etc.
The above described standards cannot be easily accomplished by the existing recovering machines. A particularly disadvantageous situation, cannot fulfill such standards, occurs when the temperature around the air conditioning system is very low, at which is even difficult to recover 90% of the refrigerant. In fact, at such a low external temperature, the refrigerant present in the system is mainly in liquid form, and then difficult to recover.
Circuits equipped with a heating system exist, in order to assist the recovery. However, these circuits make the air conditioning system less safe and more expensive. Operations of heating the system are also risky and complex, since the storage reservoir of the refrigerant of the car A/C systems are normally located in not easily accessible zones, behind the motor.
With reference to FIG. 1, a diagrammatical view of a car A/C system 200 of known type comprises a condenser 201, a filter 202, a calibrated hole 203, an evaporator 204, a storage container for the refrigerant 205, which separates the liquid phase and the gaseous phase, and a compressor 206. Downstream of the compressor a high pressure connection 221 is provided, whereas on the storage container a low pressure connection 222 is provided.
Presently, a machine of known type 230 (FIG. 1) for recovering and regenerating refrigerants, similar to that described in EP1367343A1, can recover the refrigerant from a hermetic compressor 233, connected by means of flexible tubes that reaches collector 235 and a high pressure 221 and a low pressure 222 connections to the air conditioning system. Owing to the work of the compressor 233, the refrigerant is subjected to suction up to pressures quite below the atmospheric pressure and accumulated after the process for regenerating in a storage cylinder 234.
More precisely, when the system 200 is turned off, the liquid fraction of the refrigerant tends to migrate by the pressure difference from the high pressure zone 221 towards the storage container 205, running through the calibrated hole 203 and the compressor 206. The recovering of refrigerant is carried out mainly in liquid phase from the high pressure connection 221 and in gaseous phase from the low pressure connection 222. However, in environmental conditions of low temperature a large amount of the liquid fraction of the refrigerant is in the storage container 205, and the step of recovering the refrigerant from evaporation can be carried out only by remarkably lowering the suction depression of the machine, by the compressor unit 233. For reaching these conditions, however, a high increase of the time for recovering and treating the refrigerant is necessary. To the end of recovering at least 95%, in order to meet the Regulations, the time for the recovery can exceed 30 minutes.
The recovering and regenerating step of the refrigerant requires a vacuum pump 231, which is completely separated from the compressor unit 233, and which carries out the vacuum step, up to maximum vacuum grade possible, discharging in the environment the refrigerant that was not recoverable with the previous recovery step, and assisting the following refilling of regenerated refrigerant. It must be noted that the less is the refrigerant that remains after the step of recovering, the more is refrigerant that is discharged in atmosphere, with the above described drawbacks of polluting, risk of catching fire, and waste of expensive refrigerant.
It is therefore desirable to speed up the time for emptying the air conditioning system and increasing the quantity of recovered refrigerant.
An expensive solution would be to use a high power compressor for creating a maximum suction of the refrigerant in a short time. However, this solution would increase too much the costs of the machine, owing not only to the higher cost of the compressor, but also to an overall a more robust sizing of suction system to bear the more powerful action of the compressor. Such solution, furthermore, would not solve completely the above described problems, and would complicate the regeneration process.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is then a feature of the present invention to provide an apparatus for recovering the refrigerant from an air conditioning system, like an A/C system for cars, in a way that a minimum quantity of refrigerant is left in the storage container of the air conditioning system and the recovery is as quick as possible.
It is also a feature of the present invention to provide an apparatus for increasing the speed of the fluid through the apparatus same and then of reducing the time necessary for regenerating the fluid.
It is a particular object of the present invention to provide an apparatus that makes it possible to obtain the above described advantages without however causing excessive costs for additional implementations.
It is also a feature of the present invention to modify an existing recovering or regenerating apparatus without introducing heavy constructional complications.
It is a further feature of the present invention to provide a method that achieves the same advantages.
These and other objects are achieved by an apparatus for recovering a refrigerant from an air conditioning system, comprising:

- a collector arranged to connect hydraulically a high pressure branch and a low pressure branch of the air conditioning system with a fluid feeding duct in the apparatus;
- an evaporator arranged to separate the refrigerant from impurities through an evaporation of residual liquid fractions of the refrigerant obtaining a purified refrigerant that rises towards an upper part of the evaporator and impurities that are concentrated in a lower part of the evaporator;
- a suction unit for circulating the purified refrigerant exiting from the evaporator, the suction unit being in hydraulic connection with the feeding duct through the evaporator, the suction unit comprising a compressor;
- a condenser in hydraulic connection with the suction unit for circulating the refrigerant, the condenser arranged to cool and condense the refrigerant exiting from the suction unit;
- a storage container in hydraulic connection with the condenser, the storage container arranged to contain the refrigerant condensed by the condenser;
- wherein upstream of the evaporator an auxiliary compressor means is provided arranged in parallel to the feeding duct, the auxiliary compressor means being configured to boost the flow rate of the refrigerant towards the evaporator and for assisting a progressive pressure reduction of the refrigerant in the air conditioning system in cooperation with the suction unit.

This way, the auxiliary compressor means causes the air conditioning system to reach quickly the low pressures that allow an almost complete recovery of the refrigerant. More precisely, the suction unit which is normally provided for circulating the purified refrigerant, which in substance is the compressor that is arranged downstream of the evaporator, carries out its suction function of the cooling liquid from the air conditioning system through the evaporator and the feeding duct coming from the collector. The presence of the auxiliary compressor upstream of the evaporator boosts the compressor of the suction unit speeding up the emptying steps of the system, recovering more refrigerant possible, and reaching a maximum vacuum rate in the system at the end of the recovery step. The recovery time can then be remarkably decreased about 30% with respect to the prior art recovering systems.
Advantageously, the feeding duct comprises a first portion, downstream of the collector, and a second portion consecutive to the first portion and arranged upstream of the evaporator, and the auxiliary compressor means is arranged in parallel to the second portion, in the second portion a feed valve being arranged that is movable between an open position and a closed position, in a way that, when the pressure in the first portion is higher than a threshold value, the auxiliary compressor does not operate and the feed valve is in open position, and in a way that, when the pressure in the first portion is lower than the threshold value, the auxiliary compressor means is turned on and the feed valve is in closed position, causing the refrigerant to be fed to the evaporator through the auxiliary compressor means, which helps to reduce further the pressure on the first portion of the feeding duct in cooperation with the suction unit.
This way, the first recovery step, i.e. when the pressure in the system is still enough high, for example above 200 mb, can be carried out in a traditional way only by the compressor of the suction unit. Instead, for lower pressures, the feed valve is closed, and the auxiliary compressor means is activate and contributes to reach quickly minimum values of pressure in the system.
In a possible embodiment, the auxiliary compressor means comprises a vacuum generation device. This way, once ended the recovering step of a significant fraction of refrigerant, for example beyond 95/96% of recovered refrigerant, it is possible to continue the recovery increasing the vacuum rate in the system.
Advantageously, said vacuum generation device is connected hydraulically with the evaporator by a three-way valve, the three-way valve arranged to connect selectively the vacuum generation device with the evaporator, or with a purge duct, in a such a way to allow the vacuum generation device to work selectively either, as auxiliary compressor means, or to purge the refrigerant that cannot be regenerated and still residually present in the air conditioning system. This way, it is possible to stop recovering the refrigerant beyond the above described significant threshold, or an upper threshold, and purge the residual fraction, whereas in the meantime the evaporator, the compressor of the suction unit and the condenser are completing the regeneration of the refrigerant.
Alternatively, the auxiliary compressor means for reducing the pressure of the refrigerant on the first portion of the feeding duct comprises a dry-operating compressor, and wherein upstream of the dry-operating compressor a vacuum generation device is arranged to purge the refrigerant that cannot be regenerated from the apparatus for recovering refrigerant.
This way, it is possible to use a dry-operating compressor of minimum consumption and cost, in addition to the vacuum pump normally present in the recovery and regeneration machines of known type. The dry-operating compressor does not require lubrication since it exploits the lubricant already present in the refrigerant that is subjected to suction from the air conditioning system.
According to another aspect of the invention, a method for recovering and regenerating a refrigerant from an air conditioning system comprises the steps of:

- feeding a refrigerant through a collector in a refrigerant regenerating apparatus, the collector arranged to connect hydraulically a fluid feeding duct of the apparatus with a high pressure branch and a low pressure branch of the air conditioning system;
- evaporating residual liquid fractions of the refrigerant by an evaporator arranged to separate the refrigerant from impurities obtaining a purified refrigerant that is concentrated in an upper part of the evaporator and impurities that are concentrated in a lower part of the evaporator;
- causing a suction and circulating the refrigerant through the apparatus by a suction unit, the suction unit being in hydraulic connection with the feeding duct through the evaporator;
- condensing the refrigerant exiting from the suction unit by a condenser in hydraulic connection with the suction unit for circulating the refrigerant;
- accumulating the refrigerant condensed by the condenser into a container in hydraulic connection with the condenser;
  whose main feature is that the suction step and the step of circulating the refrigerant through the apparatus is carried out by the suction unit and by auxiliary compressor means that operate upstream of the evaporator, and that increase the flow rate of the refrigerant towards the evaporator for assisting a reduction of pressure of the refrigerant in the air conditioning system.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Further characteristic and/or advantages of the method and of the apparatus for recovering and regenerating refrigerant in conditioning systems, according to the present invention will be made clearer with the following description of an exemplary embodiment thereof, exemplifying but not limitative, with reference to the attached drawings in which:

FIG. 1 shows an apparatus for recovering and regenerating refrigerant according to the prior art, connected to an air conditioning system;

FIG. 2 shows the circuit of the apparatus for recovering and regenerating according to the prior art of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 shows a diagrammatical view of a first exemplary embodiment of an apparatus for recovering and regenerating according to the invention;

FIG. 4 shows a diagrammatical hydraulic view of a first preferred exemplary embodiment of an apparatus for recovering and regenerating according to the invention;

FIG. 5 shows a diagrammatical view of a second exemplary embodiment of an apparatus for recovering and regenerating according to the invention;

FIG. 6 shows a diagrammatical hydraulic view of a second preferred exemplary embodiment of an apparatus for recovering and regenerating according to the invention;

FIG. 7 shows a diagrammatical view of a third exemplary embodiment of an apparatus for recovering and regenerating according to the invention;

FIG. 8 shows a diagrammatical hydraulic view of a third preferred exemplary embodiment of an apparatus for recovering and regenerating according to the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

With reference to FIG. 3, an apparatus 230 for recovering and regenerating the refrigerant coming from collector 235 comprises, with respect to the systems of the prior art of FIGS. 1 and 2, a vacuum pump 231, or alternatively, a dry-operating compressor, upstream of evaporator 232 and in parallel to feeding duct 101, in a way that, in a predetermined operative configuration, the refrigerant can cover in series a path through vacuum pump 231, evaporator 232 and suction unit 233.
Vacuum pump 231 can be excluded from the regeneration circuit or included in the circuit by means of valves 241 a and 241 b. Such particular technical solution allows vacuum pump 231 to work in the suction step only when suction unit 233 drops below a threshold pressure, obtaining a further reduction of the pressure in feeding duct 101 and therefore in the apparatus arranged between collector 235 and suction unit 233.
This way, differently from the prior art, for example as described for FIGS. 1 and 2, vacuum pump 231 of the system 230, or alternatively, the dry-operating compressor, according to the invention, assist the evaporation of the refrigerant, thus increasing the speed of recovering the refrigerant and maximizing the amount of refrigerant recovered, as described above.
With reference to FIG. 4, in more detail, the feeding duct comprises a first portion 101 a, downstream of the collector, and a second portion 101 b, consecutive to the first portion 101 a and arranged upstream of evaporator 232. This way, the auxiliary compressor means is arranged in parallel to second portion 101 b, in which feed valve 241 a is present. Such valve is movable between an open position and a closed position, and, when the pressure in the first portion 101 a remains above a threshold value, the auxiliary compressor 231, i.e. the vacuum pump or dry-operating compressor, does not operate and feed valve 241 a is in an open position. Instead, when the pressure in the first portion 101 b is lower than the threshold value, the auxiliary compressor 231 turns on and the feed valve is in closed position, so that the refrigerant is fed to the evaporator through the auxiliary compressor 231, which works, in order to lower further the pressure on the first portion 101 a of feeding duct 101, in cooperation with suction unit 233, in the recovery when suction unit 233 “finds it difficult” to complete the action of recovery. In FIGS. 3 and 4 a safety valve 241 b is also shown which is arranged to avoid losses and leaks through the auxiliary compressor 231 when feed valve 241 a is open.
In FIG. 4 parts of the recovering and regenerating circuit are furthermore shown that are already known in the existing machines, like the condenser, the oil separator, the collection reservoir for the residues concentrated by evaporator 232, etc., as already described in EP1367343A1.
With reference to FIGS. 5 and 6, in an exemplary embodiment of the invention, vacuum pump 231, beyond being arranged in order to be excluded or included by the valves 241 a and 241 b, as already described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, can be connected hydraulically to evaporator 242 by a three-way valve 241 c. Such particular technical solution allows a double function to vacuum pump 231:

- moving to a first hydraulic connection position of vacuum pump 231 with evaporator 232, when also valve 241 b is open, and valve 241 a is closed, i.e. as already above described for reducing the pressure in feeding duct 101 and therefore along the devices arranged between collector 235 and suction unit 233,
- moving to a second hydraulic connection position with the environment of vacuum pump 231, for purging the not recoverable refrigerant, when it is not advisable to continue the recovering of refrigerant.

Three-way valve 241 c, in the second position, with valve 241 a closed and vacuum pump 231 in function, allows to continue purging and vacuuming the system, insulating at the same time evaporator 232 and suction unit 233, which can complete the recovery up to an exhaustion of refrigerant in evaporator 232.
With reference to FIGS. 7 and 8, an apparatus for recovering and regenerating refrigerant comprises, with respect to the systems of the prior art of FIGS. 1 and 2, a dry-operating compressor 243 upstream of evaporator 232 in parallel to feeding duct 101. The dry-operating compressor 243 is excluded from or included in the regeneration circuit by valves 241 a and 241 b, in the way described also with reference to FIGS. 3-6. Such particular technical solution allows the dry-operating compressor 243 to turn on only in the suction step when the pressure in suction unit 233 drops below a threshold, obtaining a further reduction of the pressure in feeding duct 101 and therefore along the devices arranged between collector 235 and suction unit 233. This way, similarly to the other solutions above described, the dry-operating compressor 243 assist evaporating the refrigerant in the air conditioning system, increasing the speed of recovering the refrigerant and the maximum amount of refrigerant recovered.
By closing valves 241 a and 241 b and turning the dry-operating compressor 243 off, it is possible, in a traditional way, to operate vacuum pump 231 for purging the refrigerant that cannot be recovered, when it is not preferred continue the recovering process, by insulating at the same time evaporator 232 and suction unit 233, which can complete the regeneration up to exhaustion of refrigerant in evaporator 232.
The solution of the dry-operating compressor 243 maximizes the efficiency of the machine with a minimum additional cost, since it is a low cost component of and it requires minimum maintenance. It does not require lubrication because it exploits the presence of oil in the refrigerant that is recovered from the system. Further, it normally has not a high vacuum tightness, and then cannot be used for vacuuming the air conditioning system, but this function is not necessary especially when the vacuum pump is present, which intervenes as described above.
The foregoing description of a specific embodiment will so fully reveal the invention according to the conceptual point of view, so that others, by applying current knowledge, will be able to modify and/or adapt for various applications such an embodiment without further research and without parting from the invention, and it is therefore to be understood that such adaptations and modifications will have to be considered as equivalent to the specific embodiment. The means and the materials to realize the different functions described herein could have a different nature without, for this reason, departing from the field of the invention. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation.

Claims

1. An apparatus for recovering a refrigerant from an air conditioning system, said apparatus comprising:

a collector hydraulically connected to a high pressure branch and a low pressure branch of the air conditioning system with a fluid feeding duct in said apparatus;

an evaporator arranged to separate said refrigerant from impurities through an evaporation of residual liquid fractions of said refrigerant, in order to obtain a purified refrigerant that evaporates and rises towards an upper part of the evaporator, and to obtain impurities that are concentrated in a lower part of said evaporator;

a suction unit for circulating the purified refrigerant exiting from said evaporator, said suction unit being in hydraulic connection with said feeding duct through said evaporator, said suction unit comprising a compressor;

a condenser in hydraulic connection with said suction unit, said condenser arranged to condense the refrigerant exiting from said suction unit;

a storage container in hydraulic connection with said condenser, said storage container arranged to contain the refrigerant condensed by said condenser;

wherein upstream of said evaporator an auxiliary compressor means is provided arranged in parallel to said feeding duct, said auxiliary compressor means configured to boost the flow rate of said refrigerant towards said evaporator and for assisting a progressive pressure reduction of said refrigerant in said air conditioning system in cooperation with said suction unit.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said feeding duct comprises a first portion, downstream of said collector, and a second portion consecutive to said first portion and arranged upstream of said evaporator, and said auxiliary compressor means is arranged in parallel to said second portion, wherein in said second portion a feed valve is arranged movable between an open position and a closed position, so that, when the pressure in said first portion is higher than a threshold value, said auxiliary compressor means is turned off and said feed valve is in open position, and so that, when the pressure in said first portion is less than said value, said auxiliary compressor means is turned on and said feed valve is in closed position, so that the refrigerant is fed to said evaporator through said auxiliary compressor means, which cooperates with said suction unit for lowering further the pressure on said first portion of said feeding duct.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said auxiliary compressor means for lowering the pressure of said refrigerant on said first portion of said feeding duct comprises a vacuum generation device.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said vacuum generation device is connected hydraulically with said evaporator by a three-way valve, said three-way valve arranged to connect selectively said vacuum generation device with said evaporator, or with a purge duct, in order to cause said vacuum generation device to work selectively either as auxiliary compressor means or as purge means, for purging the refrigerant that cannot be regenerated and still residually present in said air conditioning system.

5. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said auxiliary compressor means for reducing the pressure of said refrigerant on said first portion of said feeding duct comprises a dry-operating compressor, and wherein upstream of said dry-operating compressor a vacuum generation device is arranged to purge the refrigerant that cannot be regenerated from said apparatus for recovering refrigerant.

6. A method for recovering and regenerating a refrigerant from an air conditioning system, said method comprising the steps of:

feeding a refrigerant through a collector into a recovering and regenerating apparatus, said collector arranged to connect hydraulically a feeding duct of said apparatus with a high pressure branch and a low pressure branch of said air conditioning system;

evaporating residual liquid fractions of said refrigerant from an evaporator arranged to separate said refrigerant from impurities obtaining a purified refrigerant that evaporates rising towards an upper part of the evaporator and obtaining impurities that are concentrated in a lower part of said evaporator;

causing a suction and circulation of the refrigerant through the apparatus by a suction unit, said suction unit being in hydraulic connection with said feeding duct through said evaporator;

condensing the refrigerant exiting from said suction unit by a condenser in hydraulic connection with said suction unit;

accumulating refrigerant condensed by said condenser into a container in hydraulic connection with said condenser;

wherein said step of causing a suction and circulation of the refrigerant through the apparatus is carried out by said suction unit in combination with an auxiliary compressor means that operates upstream of said evaporator, and that increases the flow rate of said refrigerant towards said evaporator for assisting a reduction of the pressure of said refrigerant in said air conditioning system.