US20120035455A1 - Initiating a Scan in a Medical Imaging System - Google Patents
Initiating a Scan in a Medical Imaging System Download PDFInfo
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- US20120035455A1 US20120035455A1 US13/273,998 US201113273998A US2012035455A1 US 20120035455 A1 US20120035455 A1 US 20120035455A1 US 201113273998 A US201113273998 A US 201113273998A US 2012035455 A1 US2012035455 A1 US 2012035455A1
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- sensor
- patient
- communication device
- imaging system
- scan
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/10—Application or adaptation of safety means
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/74—Details of notification to user or communication with user or patient ; user input means
- A61B5/7475—User input or interface means, e.g. keyboard, pointing device, joystick
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/46—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with special arrangements for interfacing with the operator or the patient
- A61B6/467—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with special arrangements for interfacing with the operator or the patient characterised by special input means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
- A61B5/055—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves involving electronic [EMR] or nuclear [NMR] magnetic resonance, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
- G01R33/283—Intercom or optical viewing arrangements, structurally associated with NMR apparatus
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a communication device for use in a medical imaging system.
- MRI magnetic resonance imaging
- CT computed tomography
- an apparatus for use in a medical imaging system includes a magnetically and radiographically inert communication device, a sensor coupled to the communication device and a processor coupled to the sensor.
- the processor is operable to initiate a scan by the medical imaging system upon activation of the communication device.
- a method of initiating a scan in a medical imaging device includes detecting a patient-ready signal from a magnetically and radiographically inert communication device and automatically initiating the scan upon detecting the patient-ready signal.
- the communication device can be hand-held.
- the sensor is operable to detect a patient-ready signal that is generated by the communication device.
- the detection of the patient-ready signal includes detecting a change in air pressure or an absolute pressure level.
- the communication device can include a pneumatic actuation device.
- the apparatus can include a pneumatic coupler coupled to the communication device and to the sensor.
- the sensor includes a pressure sensor that can detect a change in pressure or an absolute pressure level.
- detection of the patient-ready signal includes detecting an optical signal or a change in an optical signal.
- the optical signal can include a polarization state of the optical signal or a change in light intensity.
- the communication device can include an optical switch. Alternatively or in addition, the communication device may include a polarizer.
- the apparatus includes an optical waveguide, in which the optical waveguide is coupled to the communication device and the sensor. In some cases, the apparatus includes an optical transmitter and/or an optical detector which can detect changes in light intensity. In some cases, the optical detector can detect a change in a polarization state of light.
- automatically initiating the scan includes modifying the patient-ready signal to be compatible with the medical imaging device and transmitting the modified patient-ready signal to the medical imaging device.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an example of an imaging system.
- FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a hand-held communication device.
- FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a hand-held communication device.
- MRI imaging and CT scans are useful diagnostic tools that enable non-invasive analysis of internal structures and flows within a patient's body.
- MRI entails the application of radio frequency waves to a patient's body in a region of changing magnetic field such that the molecules within the patient's body resonate at detectable frequencies. The detected frequencies are processed to enable imaging of internal and external structures.
- CT scanning entails the generation of a three-dimensional image of a patient's internal structures from a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation.
- Breath-hold imaging is a technique in which the patient holds his breath during one or more imaging scans. By holding his breath, the patient minimizes respiratory movement that can cause image artifacts in abdomen and thoracic imaging procedures. Breath-hold imaging requires the full cooperation of the patient as the scan time can extend from 15 to 20 seconds in duration. In some cases, it is necessary for a patient to practice breath holding outside the scanner so that they can improve their response during the examination. However, in many instances, image degradation due to respiratory motion or movement from the patient remains a significant problem because of the length of time necessary to acquire image data. These problems are exacerbated in automated imaging systems that begin scanning when a patient is not ready or is still moving.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of an imaging system 1 which includes a communication device 5 to allow a patient 9 to signal readiness for a scanning procedure to begin.
- the system 1 includes a MRI machine 3 into which the patient 9 enters.
- a CT scan machine is used in place of the MRI machine 3 .
- an automated program within the system 1 audibly or visually may request the patient 9 to indicate that they are prepared for the scanning to begin.
- the patient activates the device 5 in response to the request such that a patient-ready signal is sent to a sensor 7 coupled with the device 5 .
- the sensor 7 Upon receiving and detecting the patient-ready signal, the sensor 7 outputs a data signal to the MRI machine 3 to activate the scanning procedure.
- the output of the sensor 7 can be any data signal that is compatible with a scanning device.
- the sensor 7 modifies the patient-ready signal such the data signal output by the sensor 7 corresponds to an ASCII text data, a TTL voltage signal, or an optical signal.
- Other signal formats and types may be used as well.
- the communication device 5 is a hand-held device with a simple activation mechanism 6 such as, for example, a push-button or switch.
- the device 5 should be formed from non-ferrous, magnetically inert and radiographically inert materials that do not interact with the high magnetic fields of the MRI machine 3 or the X-rays of a CT scanner.
- the patient-ready signals generated by the communication device 5 also should not interact with the high magnetic fields generated by the MRI machine 3 or X-rays generated by a CT scanner.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of a hand-held communication device 5 in a first embodiment that utilizes pneumatic action.
- the device 5 includes as the activation mechanism 6 a pliable mushroom cap that, when depressed, causes a change in air pressure within the device 5 .
- the device 5 is coupled to a conduit 11 , such as a pneumatic tube, that transfers the change in air pressure to a pneumatic sensor 13 .
- the pneumatic sensor 13 can be any type of pressure sensor or pressure-differential sensor that is able to detect absolute pressure or changes in air pressure caused by activation of the device 5 .
- the sensor 13 is coupled to a processor 15 which is responsible for initiating the image scanning and activation of the machine 3 .
- the sensor 13 Upon detecting the change in air pressure or upon detecting a desired air pressure level, the sensor 13 generates and sends a signal, such as an electric potential or current, to the processor 15 . After receiving the signal, the processor 15 then activates the image scanning procedure.
- the pneumatic sensor 13 is combined with the processor 15 as part of a computer.
- the sensor 13 is a separate component which can be coupled to or removed from a computer that includes the processor 15 .
- the sensor 13 is directly coupled to the machine 3 such that the signal provided by the sensor 13 initiates the scan.
- the pliable mushroom cap can be replaced with a plunger mechanism that, when depressed, increases the pressure within the device 5 . This increase in pressure then can be transmitted along the pneumatic tube 11 to the sensor 13 .
- the hand-held communication device 5 generates a patient-ready signal by interrupting an optical communication link as shown, for example, in FIG. 3 .
- a transceiver 17 generates an optical signal that is transmitted along an optical path to the communication device 5 by means of a waveguide 21 , such as an optical fiber. The optical signal then travels back from the device 5 , also by means of the waveguide 21 , and is detected by the transceiver 17 .
- the optical signal can be generated using components such as a light emitting diode or laser diode whereas detection can be accomplished using components such as a photodiode or solar cell. Other components for optical generation and detection may be used as well.
- the optical generation and detection components can be integrated on a single device or used as separate discrete devices.
- the optical waveguide 21 can include either a single waveguide or separate waveguides for transmission and detection of the optical signal.
- the transceiver 17 When the communication device 5 is in an inactive state, there is no interruption in the optical path and the transceiver 17 outputs a signal to the processor 15 indicating that the patient is not ready for the scan to begin.
- the signal sent to the processor 15 can include, for example, a fixed voltage or electric current.
- the optical path is interrupted and the transceiver 17 no longer detects light from the waveguide 21 . Accordingly, the output signal from the transceiver 17 changes state to indicate that the patient is ready for the scan to begin.
- the output signal from the transceiver 17 can include, for example, a voltage or current level that is substantially different from the signal output by the transceiver 17 when the device has not been activated.
- the processor 15 coupled to the transceiver 17 detects the change in output signal and initiates the scan. Alternatively, the transceiver 17 can be coupled directly to the machine 3 such that the transceiver output signal initiates the scan.
- the optical path can be restored upon activation of the communication device 5 .
- the device 5 when the device 5 is in an inactive state, it may block transmission of light to the receiver portion of the transceiver 17 .
- the optical path is restored and an optical signal is delivered to the transceiver 17 .
- the communication device 5 includes a mechanical optical switch that, depending on activation or deactivation of the device 5 , deflects or absorbs the light in the optical path.
- the device 5 can include a lens in the optical path that translates or rotates to a different position when the patient depresses the push button 6 on the device 5 .
- the optical signal will either travel through the waveguide 21 and return to the transceiver 17 or will be refracted away from the transceiver 17 .
- the lens can be replaced with a mirror that also can be translated or rotated.
- the mirror when the device 5 is inactive, the mirror, in a first state, is operable to reflect incoming light back to the transceiver 17 .
- the mirror Upon activation of the device 5 , the mirror can be rotated or repositioned to a second state such the light is no longer reflected back to the transceiver 17 .
- activation of the communication device 5 alters the state of the optical signal as opposed to interrupting the optical path.
- the communication device 5 can include a polarizer that, upon activation of the device 5 , changes the polarization of the light traveling along the optical path. Upon detection of the change in polarization, the transceiver 17 outputs a signal indicating that the patient is prepared for the scan to begin.
Abstract
A method of initiating a scan in a medical imaging device includes detecting a patient-ready signal from a magnetically and radiographically inert communication device and automatically initiating the scan upon detecting the patient-ready signal.
Description
- This application claims the benefit of priority from a U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/843,469 filed on Sep. 7, 2006. The disclosure of that application is incorporated herein by reference.
- This disclosure relates to a communication device for use in a medical imaging system.
- During magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scanning procedures, it is often necessary to provide the patient in an MRI or CT machine with instructions or information regarding a scan procedure. For example, in certain circumstances, it is desirable to instruct a patient to hold their breath and remain still so that acceptable scans can be obtained. To facilitate this, some machines utilize software driven voice command systems which audibly instruct patients to hold their breath for precisely timed periods in preparation for one or more scans. Following delivery of the instruction, the automated system initializes the scan. However, it is often the case that a patient is not ready once the scan begins. Subsequently, motion artifacts may appear in the resulting scan image, thus requiring the scan to be repeated. Repeating scans is time-consuming and results in increased hospital costs as well as increased patient stress.
- Various aspects of the invention are set forth in the claims.
- For example, in one aspect, an apparatus for use in a medical imaging system includes a magnetically and radiographically inert communication device, a sensor coupled to the communication device and a processor coupled to the sensor. The processor is operable to initiate a scan by the medical imaging system upon activation of the communication device.
- In another aspect, a method of initiating a scan in a medical imaging device includes detecting a patient-ready signal from a magnetically and radiographically inert communication device and automatically initiating the scan upon detecting the patient-ready signal.
- Some implementations include one or more of the following features. For example, the communication device can be hand-held. In some cases, the sensor is operable to detect a patient-ready signal that is generated by the communication device.
- In some implementations, the detection of the patient-ready signal includes detecting a change in air pressure or an absolute pressure level. The communication device can include a pneumatic actuation device. In addition, the apparatus can include a pneumatic coupler coupled to the communication device and to the sensor. In some cases, the sensor includes a pressure sensor that can detect a change in pressure or an absolute pressure level.
- In some implementations, detection of the patient-ready signal includes detecting an optical signal or a change in an optical signal. For example, the optical signal can include a polarization state of the optical signal or a change in light intensity. The communication device can include an optical switch. Alternatively or in addition, the communication device may include a polarizer. In another example, the apparatus includes an optical waveguide, in which the optical waveguide is coupled to the communication device and the sensor. In some cases, the apparatus includes an optical transmitter and/or an optical detector which can detect changes in light intensity. In some cases, the optical detector can detect a change in a polarization state of light.
- In some implementations, automatically initiating the scan includes modifying the patient-ready signal to be compatible with the medical imaging device and transmitting the modified patient-ready signal to the medical imaging device. Other features and advantages will be apparent from the detailed description and drawings, and from the claims.
-
FIG. 1 illustrates an example of an imaging system. -
FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a hand-held communication device. -
FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a hand-held communication device. - MRI imaging and CT scans are useful diagnostic tools that enable non-invasive analysis of internal structures and flows within a patient's body. Generally, MRI entails the application of radio frequency waves to a patient's body in a region of changing magnetic field such that the molecules within the patient's body resonate at detectable frequencies. The detected frequencies are processed to enable imaging of internal and external structures. CT scanning entails the generation of a three-dimensional image of a patient's internal structures from a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation.
- One common application of MRI and CT scanning is in breath-hold imaging studies, which can be very important in medicine and medical research. Breath-hold imaging is a technique in which the patient holds his breath during one or more imaging scans. By holding his breath, the patient minimizes respiratory movement that can cause image artifacts in abdomen and thoracic imaging procedures. Breath-hold imaging requires the full cooperation of the patient as the scan time can extend from 15 to 20 seconds in duration. In some cases, it is necessary for a patient to practice breath holding outside the scanner so that they can improve their response during the examination. However, in many instances, image degradation due to respiratory motion or movement from the patient remains a significant problem because of the length of time necessary to acquire image data. These problems are exacerbated in automated imaging systems that begin scanning when a patient is not ready or is still moving.
-
FIG. 1 shows an example of animaging system 1 which includes acommunication device 5 to allow apatient 9 to signal readiness for a scanning procedure to begin. Thesystem 1 includes aMRI machine 3 into which thepatient 9 enters. In some implementations, a CT scan machine is used in place of theMRI machine 3. After entering themachine 3, an automated program within thesystem 1 audibly or visually may request thepatient 9 to indicate that they are prepared for the scanning to begin. When thepatient 9 is ready, the patient activates thedevice 5 in response to the request such that a patient-ready signal is sent to asensor 7 coupled with thedevice 5. Upon receiving and detecting the patient-ready signal, thesensor 7 outputs a data signal to theMRI machine 3 to activate the scanning procedure. The output of thesensor 7 can be any data signal that is compatible with a scanning device. For example, in some cases, thesensor 7 modifies the patient-ready signal such the data signal output by thesensor 7 corresponds to an ASCII text data, a TTL voltage signal, or an optical signal. Other signal formats and types may be used as well. - Preferably, the
communication device 5 is a hand-held device with asimple activation mechanism 6 such as, for example, a push-button or switch. In addition, thedevice 5 should be formed from non-ferrous, magnetically inert and radiographically inert materials that do not interact with the high magnetic fields of theMRI machine 3 or the X-rays of a CT scanner. Similarly, the patient-ready signals generated by thecommunication device 5 also should not interact with the high magnetic fields generated by theMRI machine 3 or X-rays generated by a CT scanner. -
FIG. 2 shows an example of a hand-heldcommunication device 5 in a first embodiment that utilizes pneumatic action. Thedevice 5 includes as the activation mechanism 6 a pliable mushroom cap that, when depressed, causes a change in air pressure within thedevice 5. Thedevice 5 is coupled to aconduit 11, such as a pneumatic tube, that transfers the change in air pressure to apneumatic sensor 13. Thepneumatic sensor 13 can be any type of pressure sensor or pressure-differential sensor that is able to detect absolute pressure or changes in air pressure caused by activation of thedevice 5. Thesensor 13 is coupled to aprocessor 15 which is responsible for initiating the image scanning and activation of themachine 3. Upon detecting the change in air pressure or upon detecting a desired air pressure level, thesensor 13 generates and sends a signal, such as an electric potential or current, to theprocessor 15. After receiving the signal, theprocessor 15 then activates the image scanning procedure. In some implementations, thepneumatic sensor 13 is combined with theprocessor 15 as part of a computer. Alternatively, thesensor 13 is a separate component which can be coupled to or removed from a computer that includes theprocessor 15. In some cases, thesensor 13 is directly coupled to themachine 3 such that the signal provided by thesensor 13 initiates the scan. - Other mechanisms for generating a change in air pressure also may be used. For example, the pliable mushroom cap can be replaced with a plunger mechanism that, when depressed, increases the pressure within the
device 5. This increase in pressure then can be transmitted along thepneumatic tube 11 to thesensor 13. - In another embodiment, the hand-held
communication device 5 generates a patient-ready signal by interrupting an optical communication link as shown, for example, inFIG. 3 . In that example, atransceiver 17 generates an optical signal that is transmitted along an optical path to thecommunication device 5 by means of awaveguide 21, such as an optical fiber. The optical signal then travels back from thedevice 5, also by means of thewaveguide 21, and is detected by thetransceiver 17. The optical signal can be generated using components such as a light emitting diode or laser diode whereas detection can be accomplished using components such as a photodiode or solar cell. Other components for optical generation and detection may be used as well. The optical generation and detection components can be integrated on a single device or used as separate discrete devices. Furthermore, theoptical waveguide 21 can include either a single waveguide or separate waveguides for transmission and detection of the optical signal. - When the
communication device 5 is in an inactive state, there is no interruption in the optical path and thetransceiver 17 outputs a signal to theprocessor 15 indicating that the patient is not ready for the scan to begin. The signal sent to theprocessor 15 can include, for example, a fixed voltage or electric current. Upon activation of thedevice 5, however, the optical path is interrupted and thetransceiver 17 no longer detects light from thewaveguide 21. Accordingly, the output signal from thetransceiver 17 changes state to indicate that the patient is ready for the scan to begin. The output signal from thetransceiver 17 can include, for example, a voltage or current level that is substantially different from the signal output by thetransceiver 17 when the device has not been activated. Theprocessor 15 coupled to thetransceiver 17 detects the change in output signal and initiates the scan. Alternatively, thetransceiver 17 can be coupled directly to themachine 3 such that the transceiver output signal initiates the scan. - In another implementation, the optical path can be restored upon activation of the
communication device 5. For example, when thedevice 5 is in an inactive state, it may block transmission of light to the receiver portion of thetransceiver 17. When the patient activates thedevice 5, however, the optical path is restored and an optical signal is delivered to thetransceiver 17. - Various different mechanisms can be used to interrupt the optical path. In some implementations, the
communication device 5 includes a mechanical optical switch that, depending on activation or deactivation of thedevice 5, deflects or absorbs the light in the optical path. For example, thedevice 5 can include a lens in the optical path that translates or rotates to a different position when the patient depresses thepush button 6 on thedevice 5. Depending on the direction of translation/rotation, the optical signal will either travel through thewaveguide 21 and return to thetransceiver 17 or will be refracted away from thetransceiver 17. Similarly, the lens can be replaced with a mirror that also can be translated or rotated. For example, when thedevice 5 is inactive, the mirror, in a first state, is operable to reflect incoming light back to thetransceiver 17. Upon activation of thedevice 5, the mirror can be rotated or repositioned to a second state such the light is no longer reflected back to thetransceiver 17. - In another implementation, activation of the
communication device 5 alters the state of the optical signal as opposed to interrupting the optical path. For example, thecommunication device 5 can include a polarizer that, upon activation of thedevice 5, changes the polarization of the light traveling along the optical path. Upon detection of the change in polarization, thetransceiver 17 outputs a signal indicating that the patient is prepared for the scan to begin. - A number of embodiments of the invention have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, other implementations are within the scope of the claims.
Claims (13)
1. An apparatus for use in a medical imaging system, the apparatus comprising:
a magnetically and radiographically inert patient communication device; and
a sensor coupled to the patient communication device wherein the sensor is couplable to the medical imaging system, and wherein the sensor is operable to initiate a scan by the medical imaging system upon manual activation of the patient communication device, and wherein the communication device comprises a pneumatic actuation device.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the communication device is hand-held.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the sensor is operable to detect a patient-ready signal generated by the communication device.
4. (canceled)
5. The apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a pneumatic coupler coupled to the communication device and to the sensor.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the sensor comprises a pressure sensor.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6 wherein the pressure sensor is operable to detect a change in pressure.
8. The apparatus according to claim 6 wherein the pressure sensor is operable to detect an absolute pressure level.
9-15. (canceled)
16. The apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a processor coupled to the sensor.
17-24. (canceled)
25. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the medical imaging system comprises a magnetic resonance imaging system.
26. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the medical imaging system comprises a computed tomography imaging system.
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CN110269591A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-09-24 | 青岛大学附属医院 | Medical scanning image positioning method, device, computer equipment and medium |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN110269591A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-09-24 | 青岛大学附属医院 | Medical scanning image positioning method, device, computer equipment and medium |
CN110269591B (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2022-04-15 | 青岛大学附属医院 | Medical scanning image positioning method and device, computer equipment and medium |
Also Published As
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WO2008030977B1 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
WO2008030977A2 (en) | 2008-03-13 |
EP2063768A4 (en) | 2013-01-09 |
EP2063768B1 (en) | 2018-02-28 |
JP5180963B2 (en) | 2013-04-10 |
US8064980B2 (en) | 2011-11-22 |
WO2008030977A3 (en) | 2008-07-03 |
JP2010502397A (en) | 2010-01-28 |
US20080064948A1 (en) | 2008-03-13 |
EP2063768A2 (en) | 2009-06-03 |
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