US20110311318A1 - Mechanically stabilized earth system and method - Google Patents
Mechanically stabilized earth system and method Download PDFInfo
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- US20110311318A1 US20110311318A1 US12/818,011 US81801110A US2011311318A1 US 20110311318 A1 US20110311318 A1 US 20110311318A1 US 81801110 A US81801110 A US 81801110A US 2011311318 A1 US2011311318 A1 US 2011311318A1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
- E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
Definitions
- FIG. 3 is an isometric view of the system of FIGS. 1C and 1D , with a layer of fabric filter applied thereto, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
- the reduced spacing between the pair of horizontal wires 124 that make up each connector lead 124 a - h may provide a structural advantage.
- the reduced spacing may generate an added amount of weld shear resistance where the connector 116 hooks onto the initial wire 126 a .
- the reduced spacing may generate a stronger initial wire 126 that is more capable of resisting bending forces when stressed by the pulling of the connector 116 .
Abstract
Description
- Retaining wall structures that use horizontally positioned soil inclusions to reinforce an earth mass in combination with a facing element are referred to as mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) structures. MSE structures can be used for various applications including retaining walls, bridge abutments, dams, seawalls, and dikes.
- The basic MSE implementation is a repetitive process where layers of backfill and horizontally-placed soil reinforcing elements are positioned one atop the other until a desired height of the earthen structure is achieved. Typically, grid-like steel mats or welded wire mesh are used as soil reinforcing elements. In most applications, the soil reinforcing elements consist of parallel, transversely-extending wires welded to parallel, longitudinally-extending wires, thus forming a grid-like mat or structure. Backfill material and the soil reinforcing mats are combined and compacted in series to form a solid earthen structure, taking the form of a standing earthen wall.
- In some instances, the soil reinforcing elements can be attached or otherwise coupled to a substantially vertical wall either forming part of the MSE structure or offset a short distance therefrom. The vertical wall is typically made either of concrete or a steel wire facing. The soil reinforcing elements extending from the compacted backfill may be attached directly to the vertical wall in a variety of configurations. The vertical wall not only serves to provide tensile resistance to the soil reinforcing elements but also prevents erosion of the MSE.
- Although there are several methods of attaching soil reinforcing elements to facing structures, it nonetheless remains desirable to find improved attachment methods and systems that provide greater resistance to shear forces inherent in such structures.
- Embodiments of the disclosure may provide a system for constructing a mechanically stabilized earth structure. The system may include a soil reinforcing element having a plurality of transverse wires coupled to pair of longitudinal wires, wherein the pair of longitudinal wires have lead ends that converge and are coupled to a connection stud having first and second ends, the first end being coupled to the lead ends and the second end comprising a connector. The system may also include a wire facing having a bend formed therein to form a horizontal element and a vertical facing, the horizontal element having initial and terminal wires coupled to a plurality of horizontal wires, and the vertical facing having a plurality of vertical wires coupled to a plurality of facing cross wires, wherein the connector is coupled to the initial wire, and one of the plurality of transverse wires of the soil reinforcing element is coupled to the terminal wire.
- Another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure may provide a method of constructing a mechanically stabilized earth structure. The method may include providing a first lift comprising a first wire facing being bent to form a first horizontal element and a first vertical facing, the first horizontal element having initial and terminal wires coupled to a plurality of horizontal wires, and the first vertical facing having a plurality of vertical wires coupled to a plurality of facing cross wires, and coupling a soil reinforcing element to the initial wire and the terminal wire of the first horizontal element. The method may further include placing a screen on the first wire facing whereby the screen covers at least a portion of the first vertical facing and first horizontal element, and placing backfill on the first lift to a height of the first vertical facing.
- Another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure may provide a system for constructing a mechanically stabilized earth structure. The system may include a wire facing bent to form a horizontal element and a vertical facing, the vertical facing having a plurality of vertical wires coupled to a plurality of facing cross wires, and the horizontal element having initial and terminal wires coupled to a plurality of horizontal wires that include a plurality of connector leads, each connector lead comprising a pair of horizontal wires laterally offset from each other a short distance. The system may also include a soil reinforcing element having a pair of longitudinal wires and a plurality of transverse wires coupled together, the soil reinforcing element being coupled to the initial wire and the terminal wire of the horizontal element, and a screen disposed on the wire facing.
- Another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure may provide a system for constructing a mechanically stabilized earth structure. The system may include a wire facing bent to form a horizontal element and a vertical facing, the vertical facing having a plurality of vertical wires coupled to a plurality of facing cross wires, and the horizontal element having initial and terminal wires coupled to a plurality of horizontal wires that include a plurality of connector leads, each connector lead comprising a pair of horizontal wires laterally offset from each other a short distance. The system may also include a series of crimps defined in the horizontal wires and connector leads of the horizontal element, and a soil reinforcing element coupled to the horizontal element at a pair of crimps defined at a connector lead, the soil reinforcing element having first and second longitudinal wires and a plurality of transverse wires coupled together, wherein a lead transverse wire is disposed adjacent the initial wire and the pair of crimps extend between the first and second longitudinal wires, thereby defining an opening above each longitudinal wire.
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FIG. 1A is an isometric view of an exemplary soil reinforcing element, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 1B is an isometric view of an exemplary wire facing element, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 1C is a side view of a system for attaching a soil reinforcing element to a wire facing element, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 1D is a plan view of the system ofFIG. 1D , according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of a connection device adapted to couple a soil reinforcing element to a wire facing, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 3 is an isometric view of the system ofFIGS. 1C and 1D , with a layer of fabric filter applied thereto, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 4 is an isometric view of a pair of systems ofFIGS. 1C and 1D stacked atop one another, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 5A is a side view of another exemplary system for attaching a soil reinforcing element to a wire facing element, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 5B is an isometric view of the system depicted inFIG. 5A , according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 6A is a side view of another exemplary system for attaching a soil reinforcing element to a wire facing element, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 6B is an isometric view of the system depicted inFIG. 6A , according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 7A is an isometric view of an exemplary wire facing element, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 7B is a focused isometric view of a connection system, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 7C is a side view of the exemplary connection system depicted inFIG. 7B , according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. - It is to be understood that the following disclosure describes several exemplary embodiments for implementing different features, structures, or functions of the invention. Exemplary embodiments of components, arrangements, and configurations are described below to simplify the present disclosure, however, these exemplary embodiments are provided merely as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Additionally, the present disclosure may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various exemplary embodiments and across the Figures provided herein. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various exemplary embodiments and/or configurations discussed in the various Figures. Moreover, the formation of a first feature over or on a second feature in the description that follows may include embodiments in which the first and second features are formed in direct contact, and may also include embodiments in which additional features may be formed interposing the first and second features, such that the first and second features may not be in direct contact. Finally, the exemplary embodiments presented below may be combined in any combination of ways, i.e., any element from one exemplary embodiment may be used in any other exemplary embodiment, without departing from the scope of the disclosure.
- Additionally, certain terms are used throughout the following description and claims to refer to particular components. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, various entities may refer to the same component by different names, and as such, the naming convention for the elements described herein is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, unless otherwise specifically defined herein. Further, the naming convention used herein is not intended to distinguish between components that differ in name but not function. Further, in the following discussion and in the claims, the terms “including” and “comprising” are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean “including, but not limited to.” All numerical values in this disclosure may be exact or approximate values unless otherwise specifically stated. Accordingly, various embodiments of the disclosure may deviate from the numbers, values, and ranges disclosed herein without departing from the intended scope. Furthermore, as it is used in the claims or specification, the term “or” is intended to encompass both exclusive and inclusive cases, i.e., “A or B” is intended to be synonymous with “at least one of A and B,” unless otherwise expressly specified herein.
- The present disclosure may be embodied as an improved apparatus and method of connecting an earthen formation to a welded wire facing of a mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) structure. Referring to
FIGS. 1A-1D , illustrated is anexemplary system 100 for securing at least onesoil reinforcing element 102 to a wire facing 104 in the construction of an MSE structure. As depicted inFIG. 1A , thesoil reinforcing element 102 may include a welded wire grid having a pair oflongitudinal wires 106 that extend substantially parallel to each other. Thelongitudinal wires 106 may be joined to a plurality oftransverse wires 108 in a generally perpendicular fashion by welds at their intersections, thus forming a welded wire gridworks. In one or more embodiments, the spacing between eachlongitudinal wire 106 may be about 2 in., while the spacing between eachtransverse wire 108 may be about 6 in. As can be appreciated, however, the spacing and configuration of adjacentrespective wires soil reinforcing element 102 must endure and resist. - In one or more embodiments, the lead ends 110 of the
longitudinal wires 106 may generally converge and be welded or otherwise attached to aconnection stud 112. Theconnection stud 112 may include a first end or stem 114 and a second end orconnector 116. As illustrated, the stem 114 may include a plurality of indentations or grooves 118 defined along its axial length. The grooves 118 may be cast or otherwise machined into the stem 114 thereby providing a more suitable welding surface for attaching the lead ends 110 of thelongitudinal wires 106 thereto. In one embodiment, the grooves 118 can include standard thread markings. As can be appreciated, this can result in a stronger resistance weld. In one or more embodiments, theconnector 116 may be hook-shaped and bent or otherwise turned about 180° from the axial direction of the stem 114 and adapted to couple or otherwise attach to the wire facing 104, as will be described below. - Referring to
FIG. 1B , the wire facing 104 may be fabricated from several lengths of cold drawn wire welded and arranged into a mesh panel. The wire mesh panel can then be folded to form a substantially L-shaped structure including ahorizontal element 120 and avertical facing 122. Thehorizontal element 120 may include a plurality ofhorizontal wires 124 welded or otherwise attached to one ormore cross wires 126. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, thecross wires 126 may include aninitial wire 126 a and aterminal wire 126 b. Theinitial wire 126 a may be disposed adjacent to and directly behind thevertical facing 122, thereby being positioned inside the MSE structure. Theterminal wire 126 b may be disposed at or near the distal ends of thehorizontal wires 124. Thehorizontal element 120 may further include other wires disposed between the initial andterminal wires 126 a,b, such as themedian wire 506 c discussed below with reference toFIGS. 5A and 6A . - As depicted in
FIG. 1B , a plurality of connector leads 124 a-h may be equidistantly spaced from each other along thehorizontal element 120 and configured to provide a visual indicator to an installer as to where asoil reinforcing element 102 may be properly attached, as will be described in greater detail below. In an embodiment, eachconnector lead 124 a-h may consist of a pair ofhorizontal wires 124 laterally offset from each other by a short distance, such as about 1 inch. While thehorizontal wires 124 adjacent the connector leads 124 a-h may be generally spaced from each other by about 4 inches on center, eachconnector lead 124 a-h may be spaced from each other by about 12 inches on center. As can be appreciated, however, such distances may vary to suit particular applications dependent on varying stresses inherent in MSE structures. - The
vertical facing 122 can include a plurality ofvertical wires 128 extending vertically with reference to thehorizontal section 102 and equidistantly spaced from each other. In one embodiment, thevertical wires 128 may be vertical extensions of thehorizontal wires 124 of thehorizontal element 120. Furthermore, the connector leads 124 a-h from thehorizontal element 120 may also extend vertically into thevertical facing 122. Thevertical facing 122 may also include a plurality of facingcross wires 130 vertically offset from each other and welded or otherwise attached to both thevertical wires 128 and vertical connector leads 124 a-h. In at least one embodiment, thevertical wires 128 may be equidistantly separated by a distance of about 4 inches and the facingcross wires 130 may be equidistantly separated from each other by a distance of about 4 inches, thereby generating a grid-like facing composed of a plurality of square voids having a 4″×4″ dimension. As can be appreciated, however, the spacing betweenadjacent wires - In one or more embodiments, the
cross wires 126 of thehorizontal element 120 may be larger in diameter than thecross wires 130 of thevertical facing 122. This may prove advantageous since thesoil reinforcing elements 102 may be coupled or otherwise attached to thecross wires 126 where greater weld shear force is required and can be attained. In at least one embodiment, thecross wires 126 of thehorizontal element 120 may be at least twice as large as the facingcross wires 130 of thevertical facing 122. In other embodiments, however, the diameter of each plurality ofwires cross wires 130 may be larger than the cross wires of thehorizontal element 120 without departing from the scope of the disclosure. - In exemplary operation, as depicted in
FIGS. 1C and 1D ,soil reinforcing elements 102 may be coupled to the wire facing 104 by coupling theconnection stud 112 to theinitial wire 126 a. As best seen inFIG. 1C , theconnector 116 may be coupled or otherwise “hooked” to theinitial wire 126 a, thereby preventing its removal therefrom in a first direction indicated by arrow A. As depicted inFIG. 1D , thesoil reinforcing elements 102 may further be attached to the wire facing 104 at one or more of the connector leads 124 a-h of thehorizontal element 120. In one or more embodiments,soil reinforcing elements 102 may be connected at eachconnector lead 124 a-h, everyother connector lead 124 a-h, everythird connector lead 124 a-h, etc. For instance,FIG. 1D depictssoil reinforcing elements 102 connected at everythird connector lead - As can be appreciated, the reduced spacing between the pair of
horizontal wires 124 that make up eachconnector lead 124 a-h may provide a structural advantage. For instance, the reduced spacing may generate an added amount of weld shear resistance where theconnector 116 hooks onto theinitial wire 126 a. Also, the reduced spacing may generate a strongerinitial wire 126 that is more capable of resisting bending forces when stressed by the pulling of theconnector 116. - In one embodiment, the
terminal wire 126 b may be located at a predetermined distance from theinitial wire 126 a to allow atransverse wire 108 of thesoil reinforcing element 102 to be positioned adjacent theterminal wire 126 b when thesoil reinforcing element 102 is pulled tight against theconnector 116. In at least one embodiment, thetransverse wire 108 may be coupled or otherwise attached to theterminal wire 126 b. Referring toFIG. 2 , thetransverse wire 108 may be positioned directly behind theterminal wire 126 b and secured thereto using acoupling device 132, such as a hog ring, wire tie, or the like. In other embodiments, however, thetransverse wire 108 may be positioned in front of theterminal wire 126 b and similarly secured thereto with acoupling device 132, without departing from the scope of the disclosure. - Once secured with the
coupling device 132, the soil reinforcing element 102 (FIGS. 1A , 1C, and 1D) may be prevented from moving toward the vertical facing 122 in a second direction indicated by arrow B inFIG. 1C , and thereby becoming disengaged. Coupling thetransverse wire 108 to theterminal wire 126 b may prove advantageous during the placement of backfill in thesystem 100, where tossing dirt, rocks, and/or other backfill material could potentially jar theconnector 116 from hooked engagement with theinitial wire 126 a and force thesoil reinforcing element 102 through the vertical facing 122 in the second direction B. - Referring now to
FIG. 3 , thesystem 100 may further include ascreen 302 disposed on the wire facing 104 once thesoil reinforcing elements 102 have been connected as generally described above. In one embodiment, thescreen 302 can be disposed on both thevertical facing 122 and thehorizontal element 120. As illustrated, thescreen 302 may be placed on substantially all of thevertical facing 122 and only a portion of thehorizontal element 120. In other embodiments, however, thescreen 302 may be placed in different configurations, such as covering the entirehorizontal element 120 or only a portion of thevertical facing 122. In operation, thescreen 302 may be configured to prevent fine backfill material from leaking, eroding, or raveling out of thevertical facing 122. In one embodiment, thescreen 302 may be a layer of filter fabric. In other embodiments, however, thescreen 302 may include construction hardware cloth or a fine wire mesh. In yet other embodiments, thescreen 302 may include a layer of cobble, such as large rocks that will not advance through the square voids defined in thevertical facing 122, but which are small enough to hold back backfill material. - The
system 100 may further include one ormore struts 304 operatively coupled to the wire facing 104. As illustrated, thestruts 304 may be coupled to both thevertical facing 122 and thehorizontal element 120. In one or more embodiments, thestruts 304 may be applied to thesystem 100 before backfill is added thereto. Once in position, thestruts 304 may allow backfill to be positioned on the whole of both the horizontal andvertical sections vertical facing 122. Thestruts 304 may allow installers to walk on the MSE structure, tamp it, and compact it fully before adding a new lift or layer, as will be described below. - During the placement of backfill, and during the life of the
system 100, thestruts 304 may prevent the vertical facing 122 from bending past a predetermined vertical angle. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, thestruts 304 may be configured to maintain the vertical facing 122 at or near about 90° from thehorizontal element 120. As can be appreciated, however, thestruts 304 can be fabricated to varying lengths or otherwise attached at varying locations along the wire facing 104 to maintain the vertical facing 122 at different angles of orientation. - In one or more embodiments, the
struts 304 may be coupled to thetop-most cross wire 130 a of the vertical facing 122 at afirst end 306 a of thestrut 304 and to theterminal wire 126 b of thehorizontal element 120 at asecond end 306 b of thestrut 304. As depicted in the illustrated exemplary embodiment, eachstrut 304 may be coupled to thetop-most cross wire 130 a andterminal wire 126 b in general alignment with the connector leads 124 a-h where thesoil reinforcing elements 102 are also coupled. In other embodiments, however, thestruts 304 can be connected at any location along the axial length of thetop-most cross wire 130 a andterminal wire 126 b, without departing from the scope of the disclosure. In yet other embodiments, thestruts 304 may be coupled to a segment of avertical wire 128 of thevertical facing 122 and a segment of ahorizontal wire 124 of thehorizontal element 120, respectively, without departing from the scope of the disclosure. - Each
strut 304 may be prefabricated with a connection device at eachend 306 a,b configured to fastened or otherwise attach thestruts 304 to both thehorizontal element 120 and thevertical facing 122. In at least one embodiment, the connection device may include a hook that is bent about 180° back upon itself and coupled to theends 306 a,b of thestruts 304. In other embodiments, the connection device may include a wire loop disposed at eachend 306 a,b of thestruts 304 that can be manipulated, clipped, or tied to the both thehorizontal element 120 and thevertical facing 122. As can be appreciated, however, thestruts 304 can be coupled to thehorizontal element 120 and the vertical facing 122 by any practicable method or device known in the art. - Referring now to
FIG. 4 , thesystem 100 can be characterized as a plurality oflifts lift system 100 as generally described above. While only twolifts first lift 308 may be disposed substantially below asecond lift 310 and thehorizontal elements 120 of eachlift vertical facings 122 of eachlift vertical facings 122 of eachlift - In at least one embodiment, the
vertical facings 122 of eachlift vertical facings 122 of eachlift second lift 310 may be disposed behind or in front of the vertical facing 122 of thefirst lift 308, and so on until the MSE wall is built to its full height. - Because of the added strength derived from the
struts 304, eachlift adjacent lift first lift 308 may have backfill placed thereon up to or near the vertical height of thevertical panel 122 and compacted so that thesecond lift 310 may be placed completely on the compacted backfill of thefirst lift 308 therebelow. Whereas conventional systems would require thevertical face 122 of thefirst lift 308 to be tied into thevertical face 122 of asecond lift 310 to prevent its outward displacement, the present disclosure allows eachlift adjacent lifts system 100 may settle without causing theadjacent lifts vertical wires 128 of the first lift 208 include hooks or other elements that can be attached to the succeedinglift 310, without departing from the scope of the disclosure. - Referring now to
FIGS. 5A and 5B , illustrated is another exemplary embodiment of thesystem 100 depicted inFIGS. 1A-D and 2-4, embodied and described here assystem 500. As such,FIGS. 5A and 5B may best be understood with reference toFIGS. 1A-D and 2-4. Similar to thesystem 100 generally describe above,system 500 may be configured to secure at least onesoil reinforcing element 502 to a wire facing 104 in the construction of an MSE structure. Thesoil reinforcing element 502 may include a welded wire grid having a pair oflongitudinal wires 504 extending substantially parallel to each other and joined to a plurality oftransverse wires 506 in a generally perpendicular fashion by welds at their intersections. In one embodiment, eachlongitudinal wire 504 may include a downwardly-extendingextension 508 disposed at its proximal end adjacent thevertical facing 122. In one embodiment, theextension 508 can be disposed at about 90° with respect to thelongitudinal wires 504. In other embodiments, however, theextension 508 may be configured at greater or less than 90° with respect to thelongitudinal wires 504. - In exemplary operation, the
extensions 508 may be extended over theinitial wire 126 a such that theextensions 508 are disposed on one side of theinitial wire 126 a while a firsttransverse wire 506 a of thesoil reinforcing element 502 is disposed on the other side of theinitial wire 126 a. As can be appreciated, such a configuration may prevent the removal of thesoil reinforcing element 502 in a first direction, as indicated by arrow A inFIG. 5A . Furthermore, theextensions 508 may be extended over theinitial wire 126 a such that theextensions 508 are disposed on the outside of eachwire 124 of theconnector lead 124 a, thereby substantially straddling theconnector lead 124 a and taking advantage of the increased rigidity provided therefrom. In other embodiments, however, theextensions 508 can be placed over theinitial wire 126 a clear of the connector leads 124 a-h at any point along the length of theinitial wire 126 a. - In at least one embodiment, a
coupling device 132, such as a hog ring, wire tie, or the like, is optionally applied to the engagement between theinitial wire 126 a andtransverse wire 506 a to ensure a more secure connection, and thereby prevent the removal of thesoil reinforcing element 502 in a second direction, as indicated by arrow B. As can be appreciated, in embodiments where thecoupling device 132 is employed, thetransverse wire 506 a may be disposed on either side of theinitial wire 126 a, without departing from the scope of the disclosure. - Moreover, another or second
transverse wire 506 b may also be positioned directly behind theterminal wire 126 b and secured thereto using acoupling device 132. Once secured with thecoupling device 132, thesoil reinforcing element 502 may be further prevented from moving toward the vertical facing 122 in the second direction B. Thesystem 500 may also include amedian wire 126 c welded or otherwise coupled to thehorizontal wires 124 and disposed laterally between the initial andterminal wires 126 a,b. Themedian wire 126 c may be configured to be disposed adjacent to a thirdtransverse wire 506 c of thesoil reinforcing element 502 and optionally coupled thereto using acoupling device 132, or the like. Accordingly, thesoil reinforcing element 502 may be coupled to thehorizontal element 120 in at least three locations, thereby preventing its movement during the placement of backfill and compaction processes. - Referring to
FIGS. 6A and 6B , illustrated is another embodiment of thesystem 500 ofFIGS. 5A and 5B , embodied assystem 600. As such,FIGS. 6A and 6B may best be understood with reference toFIGS. 5A and 5B . As illustrated, thesoil reinforcing element 602 may be substantially similar to thesoil reinforcing element 502 ofFIGS. 5A and 5B , except that the proximal ends of thelongitudinal wires 504 adjacent the vertical facing 122 do not includeextensions 508. Instead, the proximal ends of thelongitudinal wires 504 may simply terminate a short distance past the firsttransverse wire 506 a. - In exemplary operation, the
soil reinforcing element 602 may be coupled to thehorizontal element 120 at various locations. For example, the initial, terminal, andmedian wires 126 a,b,c may be adapted to be disposed adjacent to the first, second, and thirdtransverse wires 506 a,b,c, respectively, for coupling thereto with anappropriate coupling device 132, as described above. As can be appreciated, embodiments are contemplated where only one or twocoupling devices 132 are used to attach thesoil reinforcing element 602 to theinitial wire 126 a, theterminal wire 126 b, or themedian wire 126 c, or any combination thereof. - Referring now to
FIGS. 7A-7C , illustrated is another exemplary embodiment of thesystem 600 depicted inFIGS. 6A and 6B , embodied and described here assystem 700. As such,FIGS. 7A-7C may best be understood with reference toFIGS. 6A and 6B , with continued reference toFIGS. 1A-D and 2-4. As shown inFIG. 7A , thesystem 700 may include a wire facing 702 substantially similar to the wire facing 104 as described above, and asoil reinforcing element 602 substantially similar to the soil reinforcing element described with reference toFIGS. 6A and 6B , wherein like numerals correspond to like elements and therefore will not be described again in detail. The wire facing 702 inFIG. 7 further includes a series ofcrimps 704 formed or otherwise defined in thehorizontal section 120 by bending thehorizontal wires 124 and/or connector leads 124 a-d in an upward direction relative to thehorizontal section 120. As illustrated, thesoil reinforcing element 602 may be coupled to thehorizontal section 120 at the location of at least onecrimp 704, for example, a pair ofcrimps 704 formed at theconnector lead 124 b. -
FIGS. 7B and 7C illustrate an exemplary embodiment of coupling asoil reinforcing element 602 to thehorizontal section 120. As illustrated, thesoil reinforcing element 602 may be placed such that its leadtransverse wire 506 a is placed directly behind theinitial wire 126 a of thehorizontal section 120 and seated at or near thefillet 705 of thecrimp 704. Moreover, thecrimp 704 formed in the twolongitudinal wires 124 of theconnector lead 124 b may extend up and between thelongitudinal wires 504 of thesoil reinforcing element 602, thereby defining anopening 706 above thelongitudinal wires 504. In one or more embodiments, aconnection device 708 may be inserted into theopening 706 defined by thecrimps 704 in order to secure thesoil reinforcing element 602 thereto. - In at least one embodiment, the
connection device 708 may be manufactured from a continuous length of round-stock, plastic, or any similar material with sufficiently comparable tensile, shear, and compressive properties. Theconnection device 708 may originate with a first horizontal transverse segment 710 configured to extend through theopenings 706 defined by thecrimps 704. The first horizontal transverse segment 710 may include an axis X of rotation about which theconnection device 708 may rotate to lock and/or secure into place. Theconnection device 708 may further include a second horizontal transverse segment 712 connected to the first horizontal transverse segment 710 by a downwardly extendingloop 714 configured to bias against the outside surface of alongitudinal wire 504 when properly installed. The second horizontal transverse segment 712 may be configured to extend across and rest on the top of thelongitudinal wires 504 of thesoil reinforcing element 602. Avertical segment 716 may extend vertically downward from the second horizontal transverse segment 712, thevertical segment 716 being configured to bias against the outside surface of anotherlongitudinal wire 504 when properly installed. - The
exemplary connection device 708 may be installed by extending the first horizontal transverse segment 710 through theopenings 706 formed by thecrimps 704. To avoid creating an obstruction caused by thevertical segment 716, and thereby preventing entry into theopenings 706, the second horizontal transverse segment 712 may be initially positioned vertically above the first horizontal transverse segment, 710. Once the first horizontal transverse segment 710 is fully extended through theopenings 706, the second horizontal transverse segment 712 may then be pivoted about axis X of the first horizontal transverse segment 710, and lowered to the top of thelongitudinal wires 504 of the soil reinforcing element 604. As can be appreciated, the downwardly extendingloop 714 and thevertical segment 716 may be configured to bias against the outside surfaces of the opposinglongitudinal wires 504, thereby preventing removal of theconnection device 708. Moreover, with theconnection device 708 properly secured, the soil reinforcing element will be unable to move in first and second directions, as indicated by arrows A and B, respectively, inFIG. 7C . - It should be noted that the exemplary embodiments disclosed and described with reference to
FIGS. 5A , 5B, 6A, 6B, and 7A-7C may be combined with or otherwise utilize thescreen 302 and struts 304 as generally described with reference toFIGS. 3 and 4 . It should be further noted and appreciated, that the embodiments disclosed and described with reference toFIGS. 5A , 5B, 6A, 6B, and 7A-7C may also be implemented and/or characterized as a plurality oflifts systems - The foregoing disclosure and description of the disclosure is illustrative and explanatory thereof. Various changes in the details of the illustrated construction may be made within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. While the preceding description shows and describes one or more embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. For example, various steps of the described methods may be executed repetitively, combined, further divided, replaced with alternate steps, or removed entirely. In addition, different shapes and sizes of elements may be combined in different configurations to achieve the desired earth retaining structures. Therefore, the claims should be interpreted in a broad manner, consistent with the present disclosure.
Claims (21)
Priority Applications (14)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US12/818,011 US8632282B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2010-06-17 | Mechanically stabilized earth system and method |
US12/837,347 US8632278B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2010-07-15 | Mechanically stabilized earth welded wire facing connection system and method |
US13/012,680 US8734059B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2011-01-24 | Soil reinforcing element for a mechanically stabilized earth structure |
AU2011268418A AU2011268418A1 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2011-06-15 | Soil reinforcing element for a mechanically stabilized earth structure |
CA2798147A CA2798147A1 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2011-06-15 | Soil reinforcing element for a mechanically stabilized earth structure |
PCT/US2011/040541 WO2011159808A2 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2011-06-15 | Mechanically stabilized earth welded wire wall facing system and method |
CA2798142A CA2798142C (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2011-06-15 | Mechanically stabilized earth system and method |
CA2802521A CA2802521C (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2011-06-15 | Mechanically stabilized earth welded wire wall facing system and method |
PCT/US2011/040540 WO2011159807A2 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2011-06-15 | Mechanically stabilized earth system and method |
AU2011268417A AU2011268417B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2011-06-15 | Mechanically stabilized earth welded wire wall facing system and method |
AU2011268416A AU2011268416B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2011-06-15 | Mechanically stabilized earth system and method |
PCT/US2011/040543 WO2011159809A2 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2011-06-15 | Soil reinforcing element for a mechanically stabilized earth structure |
US13/457,881 US8632281B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2012-04-27 | Mechanically stabilized earth system and method |
US13/457,854 US8632280B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2012-04-27 | Mechanically stabilized earth welded wire facing connection system and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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US13/457,881 Continuation-In-Part US8632281B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2012-04-27 | Mechanically stabilized earth system and method |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2011268416B2 (en) | 2015-06-18 |
AU2011268416A1 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
WO2011159808A3 (en) | 2012-04-12 |
WO2011159807A2 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
AU2011268417A1 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
CA2798142C (en) | 2019-02-26 |
CA2798142A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
AU2011268417B2 (en) | 2016-08-25 |
US8632282B2 (en) | 2014-01-21 |
WO2011159807A3 (en) | 2012-04-12 |
WO2011159808A2 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
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