US20110298429A1 - Power path management circuit and method - Google Patents

Power path management circuit and method Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110298429A1
US20110298429A1 US13/151,293 US201113151293A US2011298429A1 US 20110298429 A1 US20110298429 A1 US 20110298429A1 US 201113151293 A US201113151293 A US 201113151293A US 2011298429 A1 US2011298429 A1 US 2011298429A1
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current
charge
voltage
limit
supply
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US13/151,293
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Po-Han Chiu
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Leadtrend Technology Corp
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Leadtrend Technology Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to a power path management circuit and a method thereof.
  • Most portable electronic products such as mobile phones, possess a battery for power storage/supply purposes. To charge the battery, the portable electronic products are usually bundled with a corresponding charger.
  • USB Universal System Bus
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating power path management controller 100 , for determining the amount of current drained from a USB port, and at the same time managing an amount of current to be supplied to a system and to a battery via respective power paths.
  • a conventional power management method detects a system voltage, and when the system voltage is too low, the charge current charging the battery is decreased.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a conventional power path management controller.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a power path management circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a managing module in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating another managing module in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a reference voltage generator.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating power path management circuit 108 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Power path management circuit 108 can replace power path management controller 100 in FIG. 1 .
  • managing module 110 coupled to power line V USB and a ground line (not illustrated) from a USB port, manages power supplied from the USB port to a system end.
  • Managing module 120 determines power supplied from a system power supply to charge a battery.
  • PMOS (P-channel metal-oxide semiconductor) 112 of managing module 110 controls a connection between power lines V USB and V SYS .
  • Constant voltage control feedback circuit CV 1 detects a voltage level of power line V SYS and controls a gate end of PMOS 112 to make the voltage level of power line V SYS approximately not exceed voltage V REF-SYS-V .
  • Current limiting control feedback circuit CC 1 detects USB current I USB drained from power line V USB , and controls the gate end of PMOS 112 to make USB current I USB not exceed current limit I USB-LIMIT corresponding to voltage V REF-USB-C .
  • constant voltage control feedback circuit CV 1 maintains the voltage level of power line V SYS to be approximately at voltage V REF-SYS-V .
  • system current I SYS exceeds current limit I USB-LIMIT
  • the voltage level of power line V SYS is lower than voltage V REF-SYS-V
  • current limiting control feedback circuit CC 1 maintains USB current I USB approximately equal to current limit I USB-LIMIT .
  • PMOS 122 of managing module 120 controls a connection between power line V SYS and battery power line V BAT .
  • Constant voltage control feedback circuit CV 2 prevents voltage level of battery power line V BAT from exceeding voltage V REF-BAT-V .
  • Current limiting control feedback circuit CC 2 prevents charge current I CHG for charging the battery from exceeding current limit I CHG-LIMIT , which corresponds to voltage V REF-BAT-C .
  • current limiting control feedback circuit CC 2 controls charge current I CHG approximately equal to current limit I CHG-LIMIT to charge the battery.
  • a voltage level of the battery approximately is equal to voltage V REF-BAT-V
  • charge current I CHG is less than current limit I CHG-LIMIT .
  • Reference voltage generator 130 controlled by current limiting control feedback circuit CC 1 , controls and adjusts voltage V REF-BAT-C according to USB current I USB .
  • current limiting control feedback circuit CC 1 detects USB current I USB has exceeded current limit I USB-LIMIT , voltage V REF-BAT-C decreases continuously, thereby current limit I CHG-LIMIT decreasing accordingly, so charge current I CHG and USB current I USB both decrease until charge current I CHG does not exceed current limit I CHG-LIMIT .
  • constant voltage control feedback circuit CV 1 can stabilize the voltage level of power line V SYS to be voltage V REF-SYS-V . If the battery is not fully charged, meaning the voltage level of battery power line V BAT is lower than voltage V REF-BAT-V , charge current I CHG can charge the battery with the maximum current, i.e. the current limit I CHG-LIMIT .
  • USB current I USB When loading of the system is even higher, system current I SYS required may exceed current limit I USB-LIMIT . At this moment, USB current I USB is limited to current limit I USB-LIMIT .
  • Charge current I CHG causes PMOS 122 to stay turned on due to an effect of constant voltage control feedback circuit CV 2 . Therefore, a direction of charge current I CHG is reversed and the battery supplies power to power line V SYS , for compensating a deficit between USB current I USB and required system current I SYS .
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating managing module 110 in FIG. 2 .
  • Constant voltage control feedback circuit CV 1 comprises a transconductor GM 1 .
  • Constant voltage control feedback circuit CV 1 and PMOS 112 together can be seen as a linear dropout (LDO).
  • LDO linear dropout
  • the linear dropout is known by those skilled in the art, so related operations and functions are omitted hereinafter.
  • voltage controller 119 controls a resistance between PMOS 116 and resistor 114 , making a voltage level of one end of PMOS 116 approximately equal to the voltage level of power line V SYS . Therefore, PMOS 116 approximately maps a current (I USB ) flowing through PMOS 112 .
  • a voltage across resistor 114 is approximately proportional to USB current I USB .
  • Transconductor GM 2 and PMOS 118 together can be seen as a unidirectional transconductor which only charges the gate end of PMOS 112 .
  • a charge current of PMOS 118 charging the gate end of PMOS 112 is required to be greater than a discharge current generated by transconductor GM 1 .
  • current limiting control feedback circuit CC 1 takes precedence in controlling PMOS 112 over constant voltage control feedback circuit CV 1 .
  • Current limiting control feedback circuit CC 1 can limit USB current I USB to not exceed current limit I USB-LIMIT corresponding to voltage V REF-USB-C .
  • An output of transconductor GM 2 is labeled as modifying signal V MOD .
  • modifying signal V MOD When USB current I USB is higher than current limit I USB-LIMIT , a voltage level of modifying signal V MOD drops continuously.
  • USB current I USB is lower than current limit I USB-LIMIT , the voltage level of modifying signal V MOD approximately equals that of power line V USB .
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating managing module 120 in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 4 is similar to FIG. 3 and the difference is the received/outputted signals.
  • FIG. 4 operations and functions of FIG. 4 are similar to FIG. 3 and description thereof is omitted hereinafter.
  • voltage V REF-USB-C which is for limiting current
  • in FIG. 3 is approximately a constant
  • voltage V REF-BAT-C which is for limiting current
  • FIG. 4 is controlled by reference voltage generator 130 .
  • a circuit structure of managing module 120 may be different from that of managing module 110 , and can be modified according to practical demands. For instance, managing module 120 comprises a completely different circuit structure than managing module 110 in another embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating reference voltage generator 130 .
  • V MOD the voltage level of modifying signal V MOD equals the voltage level of power line V USB
  • PMOS 138 is turned off, so voltage V REF-BAT-C equals default voltage V DEF-BAT-C .
  • V REF-BAT-C the voltage level of modifying signal V MOD decreases
  • PMOS 138 starts turning on and voltage V REF-BAT-C decreases accordingly, consequently decreasing current limit I CHG-LIMIT , which results in decreasing charge current I CHG .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

Power path management method and circuit are provided. The supply current drained from a power supply is detected and controlled not to exceed a supply current limit . The charge current charging a battery is detected and controlled not to exceed a charge current limit . When the supply current is found to exceed the supply current limit, the charge current limit is decreased.

Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • 1. Field of the Invention
  • The present invention is related to a power path management circuit and a method thereof.
  • 2. Description of the Prior Art
  • Most portable electronic products, such as mobile phones, possess a battery for power storage/supply purposes. To charge the battery, the portable electronic products are usually bundled with a corresponding charger.
  • In order for different types of mobile phones to utilize one kind of charger, so that old chargers do not become electronic waste with each new model of mobile phone, the current market trend is to charge the mobile phone through a USB (Universal System Bus) port of a computer. This way, as long as a user has a USB power supply or a USB host, and a USB transmission line, the mobile phone can be charged, so charging is no longer restricted to one type of charger. It is believed that more portable electronic products, in addition to mobile phones, will be charged via the USB port in the near future.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating power path management controller 100, for determining the amount of current drained from a USB port, and at the same time managing an amount of current to be supplied to a system and to a battery via respective power paths. A conventional power management method detects a system voltage, and when the system voltage is too low, the charge current charging the battery is decreased.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a conventional power path management controller.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a power path management circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a managing module in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating another managing module in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a reference voltage generator.
    •  DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating power path management circuit 108 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Power path management circuit 108 can replace power path management controller 100 in FIG. 1.
  • In FIG. 2, managing module 110, coupled to power line VUSB and a ground line (not illustrated) from a USB port, manages power supplied from the USB port to a system end. Managing module 120 determines power supplied from a system power supply to charge a battery.
  • PMOS (P-channel metal-oxide semiconductor) 112 of managing module 110 controls a connection between power lines VUSB and VSYS. Constant voltage control feedback circuit CV1 detects a voltage level of power line VSYS and controls a gate end of PMOS 112 to make the voltage level of power line VSYS approximately not exceed voltage VREF-SYS-V. Current limiting control feedback circuit CC1 detects USB current IUSB drained from power line VUSB, and controls the gate end of PMOS 112 to make USB current IUSB not exceed current limit IUSB-LIMIT corresponding to voltage VREF-USB-C. Simply put, when system current ISYS is small, constant voltage control feedback circuit CV1 maintains the voltage level of power line VSYS to be approximately at voltage VREF-SYS-V. When system current ISYS exceeds current limit IUSB-LIMIT, the voltage level of power line VSYS is lower than voltage VREF-SYS-V, and current limiting control feedback circuit CC1 maintains USB current IUSB approximately equal to current limit IUSB-LIMIT.
  • Similar to managing module 110, PMOS 122 of managing module 120 controls a connection between power line VSYS and battery power line VBAT. Constant voltage control feedback circuit CV2 prevents voltage level of battery power line VBAT from exceeding voltage VREF-BAT-V. Current limiting control feedback circuit CC2 prevents charge current ICHG for charging the battery from exceeding current limit ICHG-LIMIT, which corresponds to voltage VREF-BAT-C. In other words, when the battery is not fully charged, the voltage level of battery power line VBAT is lower than voltage VREF-SYS-V, and current limiting control feedback circuit CC2 controls charge current ICHG approximately equal to current limit ICHG-LIMIT to charge the battery. When the battery is fully charged, a voltage level of the battery approximately is equal to voltage VREF-BAT-V, and charge current ICHG is less than current limit ICHG-LIMIT.
  • Reference voltage generator 130, controlled by current limiting control feedback circuit CC1, controls and adjusts voltage VREF-BAT-C according to USB current IUSB. When current limiting control feedback circuit CC1 detects USB current IUSB has exceeded current limit IUSB-LIMIT, voltage VREF-BAT-C decreases continuously, thereby current limit ICHG-LIMIT decreasing accordingly, so charge current ICHG and USB current IUSB both decrease until charge current ICHG does not exceed current limit ICHG-LIMIT.
  • When system current ISYS is small (e.g. when loading of the system is low or negligible), constant voltage control feedback circuit CV1 can stabilize the voltage level of power line VSYS to be voltage VREF-SYS-V. If the battery is not fully charged, meaning the voltage level of battery power line VBAT is lower than voltage VREF-BAT-V, charge current ICHG can charge the battery with the maximum current, i.e. the current limit ICHG-LIMIT.
  • When loading of the system is high, a sum (i.e. USB current IUSB) of system current ISYS and charge current ICHG may have reached current limit IUSB-LIMIT. At this moment, if system current ISYS continues to increase, since voltage VREF-BAT-C is decreased by reference voltage generator 130, charge current ICHG is forced to decrease until the sum of system current ISYS and charge current ICHG equals current limit IUSB-LIMIT.
  • When loading of the system is even higher, system current ISYS required may exceed current limit IUSB-LIMIT. At this moment, USB current IUSB is limited to current limit IUSB-LIMIT. Charge current ICHG causes PMOS 122 to stay turned on due to an effect of constant voltage control feedback circuit CV2. Therefore, a direction of charge current ICHG is reversed and the battery supplies power to power line VSYS, for compensating a deficit between USB current IUSB and required system current ISYS.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating managing module 110 in FIG. 2. Constant voltage control feedback circuit CV1 comprises a transconductor GM1. Constant voltage control feedback circuit CV1 and PMOS 112 together can be seen as a linear dropout (LDO). The linear dropout is known by those skilled in the art, so related operations and functions are omitted hereinafter. In current limiting control feedback circuit CC1, voltage controller 119 controls a resistance between PMOS 116 and resistor 114, making a voltage level of one end of PMOS 116 approximately equal to the voltage level of power line VSYS. Therefore, PMOS 116 approximately maps a current (IUSB) flowing through PMOS 112. Hence, a voltage across resistor 114 is approximately proportional to USB current IUSB. Transconductor GM2 and PMOS 118 together can be seen as a unidirectional transconductor which only charges the gate end of PMOS 112. When transconductor GM2 detects that the voltage across resistor 114 is higher than voltage VREF-USB-C, a charge current of PMOS 118 charging the gate end of PMOS 112 is required to be greater than a discharge current generated by transconductor GM1. In other words, current limiting control feedback circuit CC1 takes precedence in controlling PMOS 112 over constant voltage control feedback circuit CV1. Current limiting control feedback circuit CC1 can limit USB current IUSB to not exceed current limit IUSB-LIMIT corresponding to voltage VREF-USB-C. An output of transconductor GM2 is labeled as modifying signal VMOD. When USB current IUSB is higher than current limit IUSB-LIMIT, a voltage level of modifying signal VMOD drops continuously. When USB current IUSB is lower than current limit IUSB-LIMIT, the voltage level of modifying signal VMOD approximately equals that of power line VUSB.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating managing module 120 in FIG. 2. By comparing FIG. 4 with FIG. 3, it can be seen that FIG. 4 is similar to FIG. 3 and the difference is the received/outputted signals. Hence, operations and functions of FIG. 4 are similar to FIG. 3 and description thereof is omitted hereinafter. It is noted that voltage VREF-USB-C, which is for limiting current, in FIG. 3 is approximately a constant, but voltage VREF-BAT-C, which is for limiting current, in FIG. 4 is controlled by reference voltage generator 130. A circuit structure of managing module 120 may be different from that of managing module 110, and can be modified according to practical demands. For instance, managing module 120 comprises a completely different circuit structure than managing module 110 in another embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating reference voltage generator 130. When the voltage level of modifying signal VMOD equals the voltage level of power line VUSB, PMOS 138 is turned off, so voltage VREF-BAT-C equals default voltage VDEF-BAT-C. When the voltage level of modifying signal VMOD decreases, PMOS 138 starts turning on and voltage VREF-BAT-C decreases accordingly, consequently decreasing current limit ICHG-LIMIT, which results in decreasing charge current ICHG.
  • Although embodiments above utilize a USB power supplied by the USB port, the present invention is not limited to this and other input powers are also applicable.
  • Those skilled in the art will readily observe that numerous modifications and alterations of the device and method may be made while retaining the teachings of the invention.

Claims (14)

1. A power path management circuit, for managing a power supply to supply power to a system and to charge a battery, the power path management circuit comprising:
a first managing module, coupled to the power supply, for controlling a supply current drained from the power supply, the first managing module comprising a first current limiting control feedback circuit for detecting the supply current and controlling the supply current not to exceed a supply current limit;
a second managing module, coupled to the battery, for controlling a charge current charging the battery, the second managing module comprising a second current limiting control feedback circuit for controlling the charge current approximately not to exceed a charge current limit; and
a modifier, coupled to the first current limiting control feedback circuit, for adjusting the charge current limit according to the supply current.
2. The power path management circuit of claim 1, wherein
the first managing module comprises:
an output end, coupled to the system, for providing a system current to supply power to the system, and the charge current to charge the battery; and
a first power switch controlled by the first current limiting control feedback circuit;
the second managing module comprises:
a charge end, coupled to the battery, for providing the charge current for the second managing module to adjust a magnitude and a direction of the charge current; and
a second power switch controlled by the second current limiting control feedback circuit; and
when the supply current exceeds the supply current limit, the modifier decreases the charge current limit, making the supply current approximately not to exceed the supply current limit.
3. The power path management circuit of claim 2, wherein the first current limiting control feedback circuit comprises:
a first transconductor, for comparing a supply voltage signal corresponding to the supply current with a reference supply voltage signal corresponding to the supply current limit, and then outputting a modifying signal to the modifier.
4. The power path management circuit of claim 3, wherein the first current limiting control feedback circuit outputs a first control signal according to a comparison result of the first transconductor to control the first power switch and further adjust the supply current not to exceed the supply current limit.
5. The power path management circuit of claim 2, wherein the first managing module further comprises a first constant voltage control feedback circuit for controlling the first power switch, making a voltage of the output end of the first managing module approximately not to exceed a voltage limit.
6. The power path management circuit of claim 5, wherein the first constant voltage controlled feedback circuit comprises a transconductor, for comparing the voltage of the output end with the voltage limit, outputting a control signal to control the first power switch, and further adjusting the voltage of the output end approximately not to exceed the voltage limit, wherein the first current limiting control feedback circuit takes precedence in controlling the first power switch over the first constant voltage controlled feedback circuit.
7. The power path management circuit of claim 2, wherein the second current limiting control feedback circuit comprises:
a transconductor, for comparing a reference charge signal with a charge voltage signal corresponding to the charge current;
wherein the reference charge signal corresponds to the charge current limit and is provided and adjusted by the modifier; and the second current limiting control feedback circuit controls the second power switch according to a comparison result of the transconductor to adjust the charge current not to exceed the charge current limit.
8. The power path management circuit of claim 7, wherein the second managing module further comprises:
a constant voltage control feedback circuit, for controlling a voltage of the charge end of the second managing module not to exceed a battery voltage limit.
9. The power path management circuit of claim. 8, wherein the second constant voltage controlled feedback circuit comprises another transconductor, for comparing the voltage of the charge end with the battery voltage limit, controlling the second power switch, and adjusting the voltage of the charge end not to exceed the battery voltage limit, and the second current limiting control feedback circuit takes precedence in controlling the second power switch over the second constant voltage control feedback circuit.
10. The power path management circuit of claim 1, wherein when a system current consumed by the system exceeds the supply current limit, the second managing module changes a direction of the charge current for the battery to discharge.
11. A power path management method, for managing a power supply supplying power to a system and charging a battery, the method comprising:
detecting a supply current drained from the power supply;
controlling the supply current to not exceed a supply current limit;
detecting a charge current charging the battery;
controlling the supply current not to exceed a charge current limit; and
when the supply current approximately exceeds the supply current limit, decreasing the charge current limit.
12. The power path management method of claim 11, further comprising:
controlling a system voltage supplying power to the system not to exceed a voltage limit; and
controlling a charging voltage charging the battery not to exceed a battery voltage limit.
13. The power path management method of claim 12, wherein when the charge voltage is lower than the battery voltage limit and the supply current is less than the supply current limit, the charge current charges the battery with the charge current limit.
14. The power path management method of claim 11, wherein when the system current exceeds the supply current limit, a direction of the charge current is changed for discharging the battery to supply the system current.
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CN106774596A (en) * 2017-01-20 2017-05-31 深圳市金立通信设备有限公司 A kind of electric power management circuit, electronic equipment and control method of electronic device
US11095135B2 (en) * 2018-10-25 2021-08-17 Dell Products L.P. Information handling system battery charge management in a dynamic discharge environment

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US11095135B2 (en) * 2018-10-25 2021-08-17 Dell Products L.P. Information handling system battery charge management in a dynamic discharge environment

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