US20090139250A1 - Defrost indicator - Google Patents
Defrost indicator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20090139250A1 US20090139250A1 US12/315,046 US31504608A US2009139250A1 US 20090139250 A1 US20090139250 A1 US 20090139250A1 US 31504608 A US31504608 A US 31504608A US 2009139250 A1 US2009139250 A1 US 2009139250A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- container
- frozen
- indicator
- defrost
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K3/00—Thermometers giving results other than momentary value of temperature
- G01K3/005—Circuits arrangements for indicating a predetermined temperature
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/06—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using melting, freezing, or softening
Definitions
- the process of freezing and defrosting the defrost indicator places the defrost indicator into a state that is not completely reversed by refreezing.
- the defrost indicator is initially in a first state before being frozen. After freezing the defrost indicator is placed in a second state. Then when the defrost indicator is defrosted, the defrost indicator is placed into a third state that is different than the first state. If the defrost indicator is again frozen, the defrost indicator is placed into a fourth state that is different than the second state.
- the differences in state between the second and the fourth state are easily detected. For example, the second and the fourth state may be visually different in appearance.
- the difference in appearance between the different states may be a result of a different color and/or configuration between the second and fourth state.
- the differences in state between the second and the fourth state are easily detected.
- the first and the third state may also be visually different in appearance, which in an embodiment may also result from a different color and/or configuration between the first and third state, and consequently in this embodiment the defrost indicator may also be used as a freeze indicator.
- the defrost indicator may not have as many states as listed above as long as the state that the defrost indicator is in after defrosting and refreezing is different from the of the state of the defrost indicator after the initial freezing the defrost indicator may be used to indicate whether the temperature rose above freezing.
- inventions encompassed within this specification may also include embodiments that are only partially mentioned or alluded to or are not mentioned or alluded to at all in this brief summary or in the abstract.
- FIG. 1 shows a representation of an embodiment of the defrost indicator prior to being frozen.
- FIG. 2 shows a representation of an embodiment of the defrost indicator of FIG. 1 while frozen.
- FIG. 3 shows a representation of an embodiment of defrost indicator of FIG. 1 after defrosting and refreezing.
- FIG. 4 shows a representation of another embodiment of a defrost indicator.
- FIG. 5 shows a representation of another embodiment of the defrost indicator.
- FIG. 6 shows a representation of a cross section along an xz plane of an embodiment of the defrost indicator of FIG. 5 .
- FIG. 7 shows a cross section of the defrost indicator of FIG. 5 cut horizontally half way between the top and the bottom of the defrost indicator.
- FIG. 8 shows a cross section of the defrost indicator of FIG. 5 cut vertically down the middle between the two sides of the defrost indicator.
- FIG. 9 shows a system having an embodiment of the defrost indicator within an embodiment of packaging within which the defrost indicator may be sold.
- FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of a method of making a defrost indicator.
- FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of a method of using the defrost indicator.
- each of FIGS. 1-9 is a brief description of each element, which may have no more than the name of each of the elements in the one of FIGS. 1-9 that is being discussed. After the brief description of each element, each element is further discussed in numerical order. In general, each of FIGS. 1-11 is discussed in numerical order and the elements within FIGS. 1-11 are also usually discussed in numerical order to facilitate easily locating the discussion of a particular element. Nonetheless, there is no one location where all of the information of any element of FIGS. 1-11 is necessarily located. Unique information about any particular element or any other aspect of any of FIGS. 1-11 may be found in, or implied by, any part of the specification.
- FIG. 1 shows a representation of an embodiment of the defrost indicator 100 prior to being frozen.
- Defrost indicator 100 includes outer container 102 , inner container 104 , and fluid 106 .
- defrost indicator 100 may not have all of the elements or features listed and/or may have other elements or features instead of or in addition to those listed.
- Defrost indicator 100 may be useful for detecting whether or not an item may have been subject to temperatures that were above freezing or defrosted. In this specification, any place a “defrost indicator” is described an embodiment of the defrost indicator is a defrost detector.
- FIG. 1 illustrates defrost indicator 100 while defrost indicator 100 is in its first state.
- Outer container 102 contains the rest of the defrost indicator. In one embodiment, the walls of outer container 102 are made from 2 mm thick plastic.
- Inner container 104 is mounted in outer container 102 .
- Inner container 104 has thin walls made from a material, such as glass or plastic, so that when the defrost indicator freezes, the walls of the inner container crack.
- the inner container 104 is made from a transparent material or has a transparent window so that the viewer can see whether or not fluid 106 is still inside and/or has the shape of the inner container 104 .
- a portion of, or all of, the walls of inner container 104 are made from thin plastic are made from 1 ⁇ 2 mm thick plastic.
- Fluid 106 is placed inside inner container 104 prior to freezing defrost indicator 100 . Fluid 106 does not leak prior to freezing or while frozen.
- fluid 106 expands in the process of freezing (e.g., as a result of including water), which may cause the walls of inner container 104 to break.
- fluid 106 may be a saline solution.
- Different items freeze at different temperatures.
- the compositions of the fluid in the inner and/or outer fluid may be varied to freeze at different temperatures so that the freezing points of the defrost indicator and the item being monitored are the same or close enough to one another so that the state of the defrost indicator is a meaningful indication of whether the item being monitored defrosted.
- the amount of salt or the amount of another material that is in fluid 106 is adjusted to change the temperature at which fluid 106 freezes.
- fluid 106 is colored so that it is easier to determine whether fluid 106 is still within inner container 104 or has leaked out (e.g., as a result of defrosting).
- fluid 106 may be made by mixing water with FD&C Green #3 0.30-0.25 ml, and Sodium Cloride (ppm) 2100-1750. In an embodiment, any tap water is used. In an embodiment, the water may be distilled water. Fluid 106 is discussed further in conjunction with the embodiment of FIGS. 5-8 .
- Defrost indicator 100 may be constructed from any system in which there is a visible difference between the initially frozen state and the refrozen state.
- initially there may be no fluid in outer container 102 .
- fluid 106 may be immiscible with the fluid inside outer container 102 .
- the two fluids that do not mix are located inside outer container 102 , which are both visible as separate fluids as a result of not mixing and having different colors.
- the fluid in inner container 104 may be a colored saline solution or vinegar and the fluid in the outer container 102 may be an oil.
- the defrost indicator may use many other fluids and/or combinations of fluids.
- the two immiscible fluids may have two different colors.
- the colored fluid may be in the outer container and the inner container may have a clear fluid (or no fluid). The two immiscible fluids are discussed in conjunction with the discussion of FIG. 3 .
- FIG. 2 shows a representation of an embodiment of the defrost indicator 100 while frozen.
- FIG. 2 like FIG. 1 , shows outer container 102 and fluid 106 .
- FIG. 2 has inner container 204 instead of inner container 104 .
- defrost indicator 100 while frozen, may not have all of the elements or features listed and/or may have other elements or features instead of or in addition to those listed.
- FIG. 2 illustrates defrost indicator 100 while it is in its second state, as a result of freezing.
- Inner container 204 is inner container 104 except inner container 204 has cracked as a result of freezing. Since fluid 106 is frozen, fluid 106 does not leak out of inner container 204 even though inner container 204 is cracked. The cracking of container 204 is process that occurs as a result of freezing that is not reversed by defrosting defrost indicator 100 .
- FIG. 3 shows a representation of an embodiment of defrost indicator 100 after defrosting and refreezing.
- FIG. 3 like FIG. 2 shows outer container 102 , fluid 106 , and inner container 204 .
- defrost indicator 100 after defrosting and refreezing may not have all of the elements or features listed and/or may have other elements or features instead of or in addition to those listed.
- FIG. 3 illustrates defrost indicator 100 while defrost indicator 100 is in its third state as a result of defrosting or in its fourth state as a result of refreezing.
- inner container 204 is still cracked.
- fluid 106 instead of being stored within container 204 , fluid 106 has leaked out of inner container 204 , as a result of defrosting, and then refroze at the bottom of the outer container 102 .
- defrost indicator 100 corresponds to the third state mentioned in the SUMMARY.
- fluid 106 refreezes correspond to the fourth state mentioned in the SUMMARY.
- the leaking of fluid 106 out of container 204 is a process that occurs as a result of defrost indicator being frozen and then defrosted that is not reversed by refreezing defrost indicator 100 .
- Other systems exhibiting other processes that result from freezing and defrost that are not reversed by refreezing may be incorporated in the defrost indicator instead of the system of defrost system 100 .
- defrost indicator 100 is filled with a fluid that is immiscible with a colored fluid.
- the fluid inside the outer container may be oil, such as a vegetable oil.
- Defrost container 100 may be reused be replacing inner container 104 .
- FIG. 4 shows a representation of defrost indicator 400 , which is another embodiment of a defrost indicator.
- Defrost indicator 400 includes container 401 having weak walls 404 , optional self sealing walls 406 , and strong walls 408 .
- defrost indicator 400 may not have all of the elements or features listed and/or may have other elements or features instead of or in addition to those listed.
- Defrost indicator 400 does not have an inner container.
- Container 401 is the only container of defrost indicator 400 .
- Defrost indicator 400 is one example of a defrost container in the container is completely filled with a fluid, and the container has walls of at least two different portions of different strengths (e.g., the container has walls of at least two different thicknesses and/or materials).
- the container has most of its wall made from a relatively thick plastic or glass and a second portion made from a thin plastic or glass. Consequently, when the container freezes, the relatively weak portion (e.g., the thin glass or plastic portion) of the container breaks.
- the colored liquid is a saline solution or another liquid containing enough water
- the colored liquid will expand and break the relatively weak portion (e.g., the thin glass or plastic). Then, if the container defrosts, the colored liquid leaks out.
- the same fluids used as fluid 106 may be used in defrost indicator 400 (or visa versa).
- the same materials used for making outer container 102 may be used for making defrost indicator 400 (or visa versa).
- weak walls 404 tend to crack when container 401 is filled with a fluid that expands and then frozen.
- weak walls 404 may be made from thin plastic or glass.
- the relatively weak portion of defrost indicator 400 e.g., the weak portion of FIG. 4 similar to the inner container of FIGS. 1-3
- is made from thin portions are made from 1 ⁇ 2 mm thick plastic.
- self sealing walls 406 seal after being punctures by a needle. If self sealing walls 406 are present, the user or manufacturer may inject the fluid into container 401 by puncturing the self sealing with a needle and filling the fluid into the defrost detector via the needle. After container 401 is full, the needle may be removed, and self sealing walls 406 seal holding the fluid within container 401 .
- self sealing walls 401 are made form a self sealing rubber.
- Strong walls 408 are strong enough so as not to crack as a result of being frozen. Strong wall 408 ensure that the defrost indicator 400 is sturdy and does not crack as a result of pressure or banging.
- strong walls 408 are made from thick plastic.
- strong walls 408 , the relatively strong portion of the defrost indicator (e.g., the strong portion of FIG. 4 similar to the outer container of FIGS. 1-3 ) is made from 2 mm thick plastic.
- the fluid inside defrost indicator 400 is a saline solution, such as fluid 106 . If the defrost indicator defrosts, some fluid will leak out, and the observer can tell that the defrost indicator defrosted by the absence of the some of the fluid in the defrost indicator 400 or by the presence of some fluid outside of defrost indicator 400 . Defrost indicator 400 may be reused by replacing weak walls 404 and refilling container 401 with fluid.
- FIG. 5 shows a representation of a defrost indicator 500 .
- Defrost indicator 500 may include outer 502 , which contains inner container 504 .
- Outer container 502 may include window 506 , and legends 508 .
- FIG. 5 also shows axis 510 .
- defrost indicator 500 may not have all of the elements or features listed and/or may have other elements or features instead of or in addition to those listed.
- Defrost indicator 500 is capable of being used multiple times.
- Outer container 502 is similar to outer container 102 . However, outer container 102 catches the fluids that leak out of inner container 104 , whereas the fluids stay in the inner container 504 (which is within outer container 502 ).
- outer container 502 may include a thermoplastic, such as Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) plastic.
- ABS Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene
- the walls of outer container 502 are held together by ultrasonic welding instead of using adhesives or mechanical snap/thread arrangement as it was found to work better during prototype testing with the thermal loading of the freeze/defrost thermal cycling.
- Inner container 504 contains a fluid, and visibly changes state as a result of freezing and defrosting without leaking out of inner container 504 .
- Inner container 504 may also be held together and held in place within outer container 502 by ultrasonic welding.
- inner container 504 is made from a synthetic thermal plastic, which may be a polycarbonate, such as poly bisphenol A carbonate, sold by GE under the name Lexan.
- the fluid within inner container 504 may be a saline solution and/or any of the fluids used for fluid 106 .
- 1.75 ml ⁇ 0.25 ml of fluid 106 was included in inner container 504 .
- Fluid 106 occupied 40 to 40% of the volume of the container and the rest of the inner container 504 was filled with air. Fluid 106 took 12 to 45 minutes to defrost, depending on what the other contents items were stored in the freezer.
- fluid 106 has an alkalinity of (ppm) 132.0-69.0 and a PH of 6.5-8.5.
- the hardness (ppm) of fluid 106 while frozen is 130.00-56.70.
- tap water from the Northwest Pacific was found to work better that tap water from the South East and tap water from Texas. The tap water from the Northwest Pacific that was used for one embodiment of fluid 106 was tested and found to include
- the tap water from the Northwest Pacific, having the listed contents was found to be less likely to cause clouding in the inner container 504 than other waters.
- the fluid used for inner container 504 may also be used for inner container 104 or for defrost indicator 400 .
- Inner container 504 may contain two immiscible fluids.
- defrost indicator 100 an alternative of embodiment of defrost indicator 100 was described in which two immiscible fluids were used. However, in the alternative embodiment of defrost indicator 100 , one immiscible fluid was initially in inner container 104 and the other immiscible fluid was outside of (and surrounding) inner container 104 , but inside outer container 102 . In contrast in the present alternative embodiment, both immiscible fluids are placed into inner container 504 . The same fluids used in defrost indicator 100 or 400 may be used in defrost container 500 (or visa versa). The embodiment in which two immiscible fluids are in container 504 is discussed further in conjunction with FIG. 6 .
- Legends 508 may include a brief description as to how to use the defrost indicator 500 .
- legends 508 may describe the appearance of the fluid within inner container 504 corresponding to different states of defrost indicator 500 , such as “clear when defrosted” and/or “green when frozen” (indicating that if the fluid is still green the defrost indicator did not defrost and if the fluid is clear the defrost indicator defrosted at some point whether or not the fluid is currently frozen).
- Axis 510 is used for reference in FIGS. 6-8 to facilitate coordinating the orientation of the cut planes with the orientation of defrost indicator 500 in FIG. 5 and for labeling the directions of each axis that is used to form the cut planes.
- FIG. 6 shows a representation of a cross section along an xz plane of an embodiment of defrost indicator 500 .
- FIG. 6 shows outer container 502 , inner container 504 , axis 510 , plane 604 , side wall 606 , back wall 608 , poles 614 , 616 , and 618 , plate 620 , opening 621 , inner container walls 622 , lower chamber 624 , upper chamber 626 , and shelf 628 having hole 630 .
- FIG. 6 also shows axis 510 .
- the cross section along the xz plane may not have all of the elements or features listed and/or may have other elements or features instead of or in addition to those listed.
- Plane 604 is the xz plane is the plane along defrost indicator 502 was cut to show the cross section of FIG. 6 .
- Side wall 606 is a circular wall that encircles the rims of the back and front walls of outer container 502 .
- Back wall 608 is the back wall of outer container 502 .
- Poles 614 , 616 and 618 protrude from back wall 608 .
- poles 614 , 616 , and 618 help facilitate holding back wall 606 to the front wall, and help facilitate keeping back wall 606 and front wall from collapsing inward or bowing outward.
- Poles 614 , 616 , and 618 help keep inner container 504 in one place.
- Plate 620 also helps keep inner container 504 in one place. Opening 621 is a notch or hole through plate 620 through which inner container 504 is placed.
- poles 614 , 616 , 618 , plate 620 , and the portion of side wall 608 that is immediately above inner container 504 hold inner container 504 securely in one place.
- the three point press fit provided by poles 614 , 616 , and 618 was found to be economical and resistant to loosening and failure more than other methods during the thermal cycling.
- Inner container walls 622 are the walls of inner container 504 , which keep the fluid within inner container 504 from leaking.
- the walls of inner container 504 have a slant of a 7.75 deg slant from the vertical.
- the inner surface of the walls of container 504 are given a No. 6 Diamond Finish, which give the correct surface tension profile during a defrost of the solution and a measured movement of the defrosting frozen fluid to allow for an indication of the melting that can be seen via the window (the No. 6 Diamond Finish is defined by ASME Y14.36M-1996, which is incorporated herein by reference). It was also found, following numerous testing, that the specific surface roughness of a No. 6 Diamond Finish provided the best results in terms of an indication via the outer casing detection window.
- Lower chamber 624 is a lower chamber of inner container 504 , which in an embodiment is empty prior to defrosting defrost indicator 504 .
- Upper chamber 626 is an upper chamber of inner container 504 .
- the fluid does not fill the entire inner container 504 , and initially upper chamber 504 contains a frozen fluid prior to inner container 504 defrosting.
- the inner container 504 includes some sort of support for holding frozen fluid within the region in front of the window 506 on the front of the defrost detector 500 .
- the inner container may be wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, so that once frozen within upper chamber 624 , the fluid stays in upper chamber 624 as a result of the slanting walls.
- the walls of inner container 504 are jagged to help hold the frozen fluid in place.
- shelf 628 is a plate within inner container 504 that separate lower chamber 522 from upper chamber 624 . Shelf 628 also supports frozen fluid in upper chamber 624 , keeping the frozen fluid form falling into lower chamber 622 .
- Hole 630 is a hole in shelf 628 . When the fluid in upper chamber 624 melts, the fluid drips down into lower chamber 622 . Shelf 628 , the slanting walls of inner chamber 504 , and the grooves are all optional.
- any of shelf 628 , the slanting walls and/or the jagged walls may be used without the others, and any of shelf 628 , the slanting walls and/or the jagged walls may be used alone, in combination with any other means of keeping the frozen fluid in the upper container, or may be used all together with one another to keep the frozen fluid in the upper chamber 624 as long as the fluid remains frozen.
- the observer can tell whether defrost indicator 500 defrosted by checking whether the frozen fluid is still in upper chamber 624 through window 506 and/or by checking whether there is fluid in lower chamber 622 .
- defrost indicator 500 the fluid is frozen while at least of portion of the fluid is in front of the window of the defrost indicator.
- defrost indicator 500 may be held upside down while the fluid is freezing. After freezing the fluid, if the temperature of the fluid drops below its freezing point for a long enough time the fluid melts and falls to the bottom of inner container 504 into lower chamber 622 . Then when the observer inspects the defrost indicator the observer does not see the colored fluid and the window is clear instead of having the color of the fluid.
- an indication of a defrost is if the colored fluid is not visible in the window 506 .
- the first state mentioned the SUMMARY is inner container 504 upside down so that the fluid is in the upper chamber 624 with the fluid in the liquid state.
- the second state mentioned in the SUMMARY is when the fluid is frozen and located in upper chamber 624 .
- the third state mentioned in the SUMMARY is when the fluid is again in the liquid state, but now in lower chamber 622 .
- the fourth state is when the fluid is frozen and in lower chamber 622 .
- the defrost indicator To reuse the defrost indicator, if the fluid is frozen at a location such that the fluid is not visible in window 506 , the fluid is allowed to melt. Then the defrost indicator is again positioned such that at least a portion of the fluid will freeze near the top of inner container 504 (again, for example, the defrost indicator is positioned upside down). As a result of the support (e.g., as a result of the narrowing of the inner container, shelf 628 and/or the jagged walls), after freezing the fluids while inner container 504 is upside down, the frozen liquid is suspended and prevented from falling to the bottom of the inner container 504 .
- the support e.g., as a result of the narrowing of the inner container, shelf 628 and/or the jagged walls
- shelf 628 has multiple holes instead of just one hole.
- shelf 628 is made from a porous material or a membrane that allows fluids to pass through.
- inner container 504 contains two immiscible fluids and upon defrosting, the fluid initially frozen in upper chamber 624 sinks into the lower chamber 622 , which pushes the fluid initially in lower chamber 622 into upper chamber 624 .
- FIG. 7 shows a cross section of the defrost indicator cut horizontally half way between the top and the bottom of the defrost indicator.
- FIG. 7 shows outer container 502 and inner container 504 .
- FIG. 7 also shows axis 510 .
- Outer container 502 has side wall 606 .
- FIG. 7 has XY plane 702 and outer container 502 also has front wall 708 .
- the cross section along the xy plane may not have all of the elements or features listed and/or may have other elements or features instead of or in addition to those listed.
- XY plane 702 defrost indicator 500 horizontally halfway between the top and bottom of defrost indicator 500 showing a cross section of inner container 504 , which shows another perspective of the components discussed in FIGS. 5 and 6 .
- FIG. 8 shows a cross section of the defrost indicator cut vertically down the middle between its two sides.
- FIG. 8 shows outer container 502 and inner container 504 .
- FIG. 8 also shows axis 510 .
- Outer container 502 has side wall 606 and front wall 708 .
- Inner container 504 has upper chamber 626 and shelf 628 .
- FIG. 8 also has YZ plane 702 .
- the cross section along the yz plane may not have all of the elements or features listed and/or may have other elements or features instead of or in addition to those listed.
- YZ plane 802 defrost indicator 500 vertically halfway between the two sides of defrost indicator 500 showing another cross section of inner container 504 , which shows another perspective of the components discussed in FIGS. 5-7 .
- FIG. 9 shows system 900 having the defrost indicator within its packaging.
- System 900 may include packaging 902 having information 904 and enclosing defrost indicator 906 .
- system 900 may not have all of the elements or features listed and/or may have other elements or features instead of or in addition to those listed.
- System 900 is one example of the manner in which a defrost indicator may be sold.
- Packaging 902 may be clear plastic having a slot on top for hanging system 900 while system 900 is in the store.
- Packaging 902 may enclose a card including information about the defrost indicator, such as how to use the defrost indicator.
- defrost indicator may be sold with a description of the method FIG. 11 , which is described below.
- Defrost indicator 906 may be one of defrost indicators 100 , 400 , 500 or another defrost indicator.
- FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of a method 1000 of making a defrost indicator.
- one side of outer container 102 , 402 , or 502 is made.
- the side made may include back wall 608 , side walls 606 , poles 614 , 616 , and 618 , and shelf 620 .
- another side of outer container 102 , 402 , or 502 is made.
- the side made may include front wall 708 , which may enclose a structure that engages poles 614 , 616 , and 618 and shelf 620 .
- wall 708 may include depressions into which poles 614 , 616 , and 618 and shelf 620 fit snugly.
- there may be depressions at the ends of poles 614 , 616 , and 618 and a corresponding set of protrusion on front wall 708 that fit snugly into the depression at the ends of poles 614 , 616 , and 618 .
- defrost indicator 400 there may be an additional step of forming the strip of a self sealing material, such as a self-sealing rubber.
- step 1006 the inner container is formed leaving an opening through which fluid may be added.
- step 1006 is skipped, because there is no inner container.
- step 1008 the fluid is formed, which may involve dissolving a salt, coloring, in water. If two immiscible fluids are used, then both fluids are formed as part of step 1008 .
- step 1010 the fluid is added to the inner container.
- Step 1008 may also include sealing the inner container, which may include attaching and/or adhering a stopper to one end, for example.
- step 1012 the inner container is mounted to one side of the outer container. In one embodiment, the inner container may be permanently attached to that side of the inner container. In another embodiment, the inner container may be removably held in place.
- inner container 504 may be removably mounted and held in place by walls 606 , poles 614 , 616 , and 618 , and shelf 620 .
- defrost indicator 500 optionally the back half and the front half of the inner container 504 may be made separately and then joined together via ultrasonic welding.
- step 1012 the two sides of the outer container are attached to one another.
- the two parts of the outer container may be joined together by ultrasonic welding.
- one side of the outer container is attached to the other side in which the inner container was mounted.
- a second fluid may be added to the outer container that is immiscible with the fluid in the inner container 104 .
- step 1012 may also include attaching the self sealing plate to the outer container. thereby sealing the outer container so fluid does not leak.
- the fluid may be added to defrost container before or after sealing. If the fluid is added after sealing the fluid is injected through the self sealing material.
- the parts of inner and outer container may be formed by injection molding.
- each of the steps of method 1000 is a distinct step.
- step 1002 - 1012 may not be distinct steps.
- method 1000 may not have all of the above steps and/or may have other steps in addition to or instead of those listed above.
- the steps of method 1000 may be performed in another order. Subsets of the steps listed above as part of method 1000 may be used to form their own method.
- FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of a method of using the defrost indicator.
- the defrost indicator is setup.
- inner container 104 may need to be replaced if it cracked as a result of defrosting during the last usage of defrost indicator 100 .
- defrost indicator 400 if fluid leaked out as a result of defrosting in during the last usage, more fluid is added by injecting the fluid through self sealing material 406 .
- defrost indicator 500 if fluid 506 melted, defrost indicator 500 may be turned upside down and refrozen.
- defrost indicator 100 , 400 , or 500 may be desirable to shake defrost container 100 , 400 , or 500 .
- step 1104 the defrost indicator is placed in a region that is desired to be kept at a temperature that is at or lower than the freezing point.
- step 1106 if fluid is not already frozen, the fluid is allowed to freeze.
- the fluid is allowed to freeze.
- the fluid is allowed to freeze.
- the fluid is allowed to freeze causing the weak portion 404 to crack.
- step 1108 if the temperature of the defrost indicator rises, the fluid begins to defrost.
- the fluid leaks out of inner container 104 into outer container 102 .
- the fluid leaks out of defrost container 401 .
- the fluid in the upper chamber flows or drips into the lower chamber as the fluid melts.
- the defrost container is checked to see if its state has changed.
- each of the steps of method 1100 is a distinct step.
- step 1102 - 1112 may not be distinct steps.
- method 1100 may not have all of the above steps and/or may have other steps in addition to or instead of those listed above.
- the steps of method 1100 may be performed in another order. Subsets of the steps listed above as part of method 1100 may be used to form their own method.
- defrost indicator 100 , 400 , or 500 is used for indicating whether breast milk defrosted.
- Breast milk freezes at approximately 0.00-0.55 deg C.
- fluid 106 is formulated to indicate whether the breast milk defrosted.
- the defrost indicator 100 , 400 , or 500 has a built in factor of safety, because defrost indicator 100 , 400 , or 500 will defrost in a range from 30.5-32.0 deg F., when defrost indicator 100 , 400 , or 500 is placed in a home freezer.
- the composition of the mixture that makes up fluid 106 is adjusted so that defrost indicator 100 , 400 , or 500 tends to defrost quicker than a 4-12 oz. container of breast milk. In an embodiment, the composition of the mixture that makes up fluid 106 is adjusted so that defrost indicator 100 , 400 , or 500 tends to defrost at a higher temperature than breast milk (e.g., one or two degrees centigrade higher).
- the instructions are molded into an off white ABS plastic casing.
- the writing on the casing has a depth of greater than 0.005 in. In an embodiment, the writing on the casing has a depth less than or equal to 0.012 in. In an embodiment, the writing on the casing has depth of greater than 0.005 in. and less than or equal to 0.012 in. In another embodiment, the depth of the writing is less than or equal to 0.009-0.010 in. In an embodiment, the depth of the mold is greater than 0.005 in. and less than or equal to 0.009-0.010 in. In an embodiment, the depth of writing of the instructions less than or equal to 0.12 in. and less than or equal to 0.12 in.
- the depth of the writing is in the range of 0.006-0.007 in. In another embodiment, the depth of the writing is in the range of 0.006-0.009 in. In another embodiment, the depth of the writing is in the range of 0.006-0.008 in. In another embodiment, the depth of the writing is 0.007 in.
- the writing is legible, but difficult to read as a result of poor contrast.
- the contrast is high and consequently the writing is relatively easy to read, but cracking may be an issue.
- the writing had a near 50% failure rate as a result of crater cracking after approximately 10-20 thermal cycles.
- the writing had only a 1% failure rate as a result of crater cracking after more than 40 thermal cycles.
- the writing is raised above the surface of outer container 502 .
- outer containers 102 is shown as a disc in FIGS. 1-3
- inner container 104 is shown as a cylinder in FIGS. 1-3
- container 402 is shown as a disc in FIG. 4
- outer container 502 is shows as a disc in FIGS. 5-8
- inner container 504 is shown as a cylinder in FIGS. 5-8
- any of the containers could be cubic, spherical, tetrahedron, and/or may have a face or cross section that is square, triangular, circular, rectangular, ovular, or any other three-dimensional shape.
- any of outer container 102 , inner container 104 , container 401 , outer container 502 , and/or inner container 504 may be made from ABS plastic, polycarbonate, such as poly bisphenol A carbonate, sold by GE under the name Lexan, and/or another material.
- the temperature at which that the item being monitored freezes is not relevant, but the temperature at which the item being monitored stays fresh and/or does not spoiling is relevant.
- the defrost indicator may freeze at a temperature that the item being monitored must be kept at or kept lower than, even though the freezing point of the item being monitored is below (or even above) the freezing point of the defrost indicator.
- the state of the defrost indicator indicates whether or not the temperature of the item being monitored was kept below a temperature that ensures that the item being monitored remains fresh.
- inner chamber 504 may be used as the only container, without outer container 502 .
- a fluid with a low boiling temperature may be kept in an open container (which optionally may be located within an outer container). When the temperature raises above the boiling point, the liquid boils and evaporates out of the container. If the temperature drops back down below the boiling temperature, although the liquid may condense most the liquid will condense outside of the container, so that the observer can determine that the temperature rose above the boiling point of the liquid because most of the fluid will no longer be located in the original container that fluid was placed.
- defrost indicator 100 or 400 could be configured so that weak portion (e.g., the thin glass or plastic) cracks as a result of another mechanical strain or thermal strain, and consequently a fluid that does not expand could be used instead of the saline solution.
- a fluid that does not contain water is used, and inner container 104 or container 401 and weak walls 404 are designed to crack upon freezing the container as a result of the pressure dropping when the fluid freezes.
- Defrost indicators 100 , 400 , or 500 could be included in, or attached to, the packaging or the exterior of frozen food packaging.
- the defrost indicator is attached, via a magnet or a low temperature adhesive, to the inside of a freezer, package, or other container for an item that is supposed to remain frozen.
- the defrost indicator could provide a good “quick check” indication to consumers and/or merchants using the freezer or transporting the item that indicates whether the temperature rose higher than it was supposed to and therefore may have defrosted.
- Some examples of applications of the defrost indicator are for detecting whether or not high end, perishable frozen foods, such as seafood and ice cream, were subject to temperatures that were above freezing.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
Abstract
A defrost indicator is configured such that the process of freezing and defrosting the defrost indicator places the defrost indicator into a state that is not completely reversed by refreezing, so that one can detect whether the defrost indicator defrosted and refroze or never defrosted by observing its current state. In an embodiment, the defrost indicator is initially placed in a first state before being frozen (e.g., upside down with fluid in an upper chamber). Freezing the defrost indicator places it in a second state (e.g., with the fluid frozen in the upper chamber). Then when the defrost indicator is defrosted, the defrost indicator is placed into a third state that is different than the first state (e.g., right-side-up with liquid fluid in the lower chamber). If the defrost indicator is again frozen, the defrost indicator is placed into a fourth state (e.g., the fluid frozen in the lower chamber).
Description
- This application claims priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/004,724, filed Nov. 28, 2007, entitled Defrost Indicator, by Erik Palin and Jozefina Cimbalova, which is incorporated herein by reference. This application also incorporates by reference U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/872,829, filed Dec. 4, 2006, also entitled Defrost Indicator, and also by Erik Palin and Jozefina Cimbalova.
- The subject matter discussed in the background section should not be assumed to be prior art merely as a result of its mention in the background section. Similarly, a problem mentioned in the background section or associated with the subject matter of the background section should not be assumed to have been previously recognized in the prior art. The subject matter in the background section merely represents different approaches, which in and of themselves may also be inventions.
- When transporting goods over distances, it may be desirable to keep some of those items below a certain temperature. For example, some food items it is desirable to keep frozen while in transport. It may occur that the item being transported defrosts during transport and refreezes. Although the defrosting and refreezing may damage the good being transported, it may not be readily apparent that the goods have been damaged or that the goods defrosted at some point.
- The process of freezing and defrosting the defrost indicator places the defrost indicator into a state that is not completely reversed by refreezing. In an embodiment, the defrost indicator is initially in a first state before being frozen. After freezing the defrost indicator is placed in a second state. Then when the defrost indicator is defrosted, the defrost indicator is placed into a third state that is different than the first state. If the defrost indicator is again frozen, the defrost indicator is placed into a fourth state that is different than the second state. In an embodiment the differences in state between the second and the fourth state are easily detected. For example, the second and the fourth state may be visually different in appearance. In an embodiment, the difference in appearance between the different states may be a result of a different color and/or configuration between the second and fourth state. In an embodiment, the differences in state between the second and the fourth state are easily detected. For example, the first and the third state may also be visually different in appearance, which in an embodiment may also result from a different color and/or configuration between the first and third state, and consequently in this embodiment the defrost indicator may also be used as a freeze indicator. In other embodiments, the defrost indicator may not have as many states as listed above as long as the state that the defrost indicator is in after defrosting and refreezing is different from the of the state of the defrost indicator after the initial freezing the defrost indicator may be used to indicate whether the temperature rose above freezing.
- Any of the above embodiments may be used alone or together with one another in any combination. Inventions encompassed within this specification may also include embodiments that are only partially mentioned or alluded to or are not mentioned or alluded to at all in this brief summary or in the abstract.
- In the following drawings like reference numbers are used to refer to like elements. Although the following figures depict various examples of the invention, the invention is not limited to the examples depicted in the figures.
-
FIG. 1 shows a representation of an embodiment of the defrost indicator prior to being frozen. -
FIG. 2 shows a representation of an embodiment of the defrost indicator ofFIG. 1 while frozen. -
FIG. 3 shows a representation of an embodiment of defrost indicator ofFIG. 1 after defrosting and refreezing. -
FIG. 4 shows a representation of another embodiment of a defrost indicator. -
FIG. 5 shows a representation of another embodiment of the defrost indicator. -
FIG. 6 shows a representation of a cross section along an xz plane of an embodiment of the defrost indicator ofFIG. 5 . -
FIG. 7 shows a cross section of the defrost indicator ofFIG. 5 cut horizontally half way between the top and the bottom of the defrost indicator. -
FIG. 8 shows a cross section of the defrost indicator ofFIG. 5 cut vertically down the middle between the two sides of the defrost indicator. -
FIG. 9 shows a system having an embodiment of the defrost indicator within an embodiment of packaging within which the defrost indicator may be sold. -
FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of a method of making a defrost indicator. -
FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of a method of using the defrost indicator. - Although various embodiments of the invention may have been motivated by various deficiencies with the prior art, which may be discussed or alluded to in one or more places in the specification, the embodiments of the invention do not necessarily address any of these deficiencies. In other words, different embodiments of the invention may address different deficiencies that may be discussed in the specification. Some embodiments may only partially address some deficiencies or just one deficiency that may be discussed in the specification, and some embodiments may not address any of these deficiencies.
- In general, at the beginning of the discussion of each of
FIGS. 1-9 is a brief description of each element, which may have no more than the name of each of the elements in the one ofFIGS. 1-9 that is being discussed. After the brief description of each element, each element is further discussed in numerical order. In general, each ofFIGS. 1-11 is discussed in numerical order and the elements withinFIGS. 1-11 are also usually discussed in numerical order to facilitate easily locating the discussion of a particular element. Nonetheless, there is no one location where all of the information of any element ofFIGS. 1-11 is necessarily located. Unique information about any particular element or any other aspect of any ofFIGS. 1-11 may be found in, or implied by, any part of the specification. -
FIG. 1 shows a representation of an embodiment of thedefrost indicator 100 prior to being frozen.Defrost indicator 100 includesouter container 102,inner container 104, andfluid 106. In other embodiments,defrost indicator 100 may not have all of the elements or features listed and/or may have other elements or features instead of or in addition to those listed. -
Defrost indicator 100 may be useful for detecting whether or not an item may have been subject to temperatures that were above freezing or defrosted. In this specification, any place a “defrost indicator” is described an embodiment of the defrost indicator is a defrost detector.FIG. 1 illustratesdefrost indicator 100 whiledefrost indicator 100 is in its first state.Outer container 102 contains the rest of the defrost indicator. In one embodiment, the walls ofouter container 102 are made from 2 mm thick plastic. -
Inner container 104 is mounted inouter container 102.Inner container 104 has thin walls made from a material, such as glass or plastic, so that when the defrost indicator freezes, the walls of the inner container crack. In an embodiment, theinner container 104 is made from a transparent material or has a transparent window so that the viewer can see whether or notfluid 106 is still inside and/or has the shape of theinner container 104. In one embodiment, a portion of, or all of, the walls ofinner container 104 are made from thin plastic are made from ½ mm thick plastic. -
Fluid 106 is placed insideinner container 104 prior to freezingdefrost indicator 100.Fluid 106 does not leak prior to freezing or while frozen. - In an embodiment,
fluid 106 expands in the process of freezing (e.g., as a result of including water), which may cause the walls ofinner container 104 to break. For example,fluid 106 may be a saline solution. Different items freeze at different temperatures. Accordingly, the compositions of the fluid in the inner and/or outer fluid may be varied to freeze at different temperatures so that the freezing points of the defrost indicator and the item being monitored are the same or close enough to one another so that the state of the defrost indicator is a meaningful indication of whether the item being monitored defrosted. For example, in an embodiment, the amount of salt or the amount of another material that is influid 106 is adjusted to change the temperature at which fluid 106 freezes. In other words, if it is desired to keep the an item at a temperature that is lower than freezing it may be desirable to add an amount of salt and/or other material to the solution so that that fluid 106 freezes at the temperature at which the item is desired to be stored. Optionally,fluid 106 is colored so that it is easier to determine whetherfluid 106 is still withininner container 104 or has leaked out (e.g., as a result of defrosting). In an embodiment, fluid 106 may be made by mixing water with FD&C Green #3 0.30-0.25 ml, and Sodium Cloride (ppm) 2100-1750. In an embodiment, any tap water is used. In an embodiment, the water may be distilled water.Fluid 106 is discussed further in conjunction with the embodiment ofFIGS. 5-8 . -
Defrost indicator 100 may be constructed from any system in which there is a visible difference between the initially frozen state and the refrozen state. In one embodiment, initially there may be no fluid inouter container 102. Alternatively there may be two fluids, one that is inouter container 102 and one that is ininner container 104. If two fluids are used, fluid 106 may be immiscible with the fluid insideouter container 102. Thus, when fluid 106 leaks out ofinner container 104, the two fluids that do not mix are located insideouter container 102, which are both visible as separate fluids as a result of not mixing and having different colors. As another example, the fluid ininner container 104 may be a colored saline solution or vinegar and the fluid in theouter container 102 may be an oil. There are many other embodiments of the defrost indicator, which may use many other fluids and/or combinations of fluids. For example, the two immiscible fluids may have two different colors. In another embodiment, the colored fluid may be in the outer container and the inner container may have a clear fluid (or no fluid). The two immiscible fluids are discussed in conjunction with the discussion ofFIG. 3 . -
FIG. 2 shows a representation of an embodiment of thedefrost indicator 100 while frozen.FIG. 2 , likeFIG. 1 , showsouter container 102 andfluid 106. However,FIG. 2 hasinner container 204 instead ofinner container 104. In other embodiments, defrostindicator 100, while frozen, may not have all of the elements or features listed and/or may have other elements or features instead of or in addition to those listed. -
FIG. 2 illustrates defrostindicator 100 while it is in its second state, as a result of freezing.Inner container 204 isinner container 104 exceptinner container 204 has cracked as a result of freezing. Sincefluid 106 is frozen,fluid 106 does not leak out ofinner container 204 even thoughinner container 204 is cracked. The cracking ofcontainer 204 is process that occurs as a result of freezing that is not reversed by defrostingdefrost indicator 100. -
FIG. 3 shows a representation of an embodiment ofdefrost indicator 100 after defrosting and refreezing.FIG. 3 , likeFIG. 2 showsouter container 102,fluid 106, andinner container 204. In other embodiments, defrostindicator 100 after defrosting and refreezing may not have all of the elements or features listed and/or may have other elements or features instead of or in addition to those listed. -
FIG. 3 illustrates defrostindicator 100 whiledefrost indicator 100 is in its third state as a result of defrosting or in its fourth state as a result of refreezing. As inFIG. 2 ,inner container 204 is still cracked. However, in contrast toFIG. 2 , instead of being stored withincontainer 204,fluid 106 has leaked out ofinner container 204, as a result of defrosting, and then refroze at the bottom of theouter container 102. Afterfluid 106 leaks out of leaking out ofinner container 104, but whilefluid 106 is still in a liquid state, defrostindicator 100 corresponds to the third state mentioned in the SUMMARY. When fluid 106 refreezes, correspond to the fourth state mentioned in the SUMMARY. The leaking offluid 106 out ofcontainer 204 is a process that occurs as a result of defrost indicator being frozen and then defrosted that is not reversed by refreezingdefrost indicator 100. Other systems exhibiting other processes that result from freezing and defrost that are not reversed by refreezing may be incorporated in the defrost indicator instead of the system ofdefrost system 100. - Putting together the information of
FIGS. 1-3 , if the temperature rises above the freezing point of the fluid 106,fluid 106 begins to melt into theouter container 102. If the temperature then drops below the freezing point offluid 106, fluid 106 refreezes. However, now althoughfluid 106 is frozen,fluid 106 is no longer has the same shape asinner container 104. Consequently, one can infer that the temperature dropped below freezing, and the frozen items with which the defrost indicator was frozen, or to which the defrost indicator was attached, may have defrosted. In another embodiment, defrostindicator 100 is filled with a fluid that is immiscible with a colored fluid. For example, the fluid inside the outer container may be oil, such as a vegetable oil. By filling the outer container with an immiscible fluid, when the colored fluid melts it tends not disperse throughout the outer container, but tends to stay together and freeze together in one place.Defrost container 100 may be reused be replacinginner container 104. -
FIG. 4 shows a representation ofdefrost indicator 400, which is another embodiment of a defrost indicator.Defrost indicator 400 includescontainer 401 havingweak walls 404, optionalself sealing walls 406, and strong walls 408. In other embodiments, defrostindicator 400 may not have all of the elements or features listed and/or may have other elements or features instead of or in addition to those listed. -
Defrost indicator 400 does not have an inner container.Container 401 is the only container ofdefrost indicator 400.Defrost indicator 400 is one example of a defrost container in the container is completely filled with a fluid, and the container has walls of at least two different portions of different strengths (e.g., the container has walls of at least two different thicknesses and/or materials). For example, the container has most of its wall made from a relatively thick plastic or glass and a second portion made from a thin plastic or glass. Consequently, when the container freezes, the relatively weak portion (e.g., the thin glass or plastic portion) of the container breaks. For example, if the colored liquid is a saline solution or another liquid containing enough water, the colored liquid will expand and break the relatively weak portion (e.g., the thin glass or plastic). Then, if the container defrosts, the colored liquid leaks out. The same fluids used asfluid 106 may be used in defrost indicator 400 (or visa versa). The same materials used for makingouter container 102 may be used for making defrost indicator 400 (or visa versa). - Specifically in
defrost indicator 400,weak walls 404 tend to crack whencontainer 401 is filled with a fluid that expands and then frozen. In an embodiment,weak walls 404 may be made from thin plastic or glass. In one embodiment,weak walls 404, the relatively weak portion of defrost indicator 400 (e.g., the weak portion ofFIG. 4 similar to the inner container ofFIGS. 1-3 ) is made from thin portions are made from ½ mm thick plastic. - Optionally,
self sealing walls 406 seal after being punctures by a needle. Ifself sealing walls 406 are present, the user or manufacturer may inject the fluid intocontainer 401 by puncturing the self sealing with a needle and filling the fluid into the defrost detector via the needle. Aftercontainer 401 is full, the needle may be removed, andself sealing walls 406 seal holding the fluid withincontainer 401. In an embodiment,self sealing walls 401 are made form a self sealing rubber. - Strong walls 408 are strong enough so as not to crack as a result of being frozen. Strong wall 408 ensure that the
defrost indicator 400 is sturdy and does not crack as a result of pressure or banging. In an embodiment, strong walls 408 are made from thick plastic. In one embodiment, strong walls 408, the relatively strong portion of the defrost indicator (e.g., the strong portion ofFIG. 4 similar to the outer container ofFIGS. 1-3 ) is made from 2 mm thick plastic. - In an embodiment, the fluid inside
defrost indicator 400 is a saline solution, such asfluid 106. If the defrost indicator defrosts, some fluid will leak out, and the observer can tell that the defrost indicator defrosted by the absence of the some of the fluid in thedefrost indicator 400 or by the presence of some fluid outside ofdefrost indicator 400.Defrost indicator 400 may be reused by replacingweak walls 404 and refillingcontainer 401 with fluid. -
FIG. 5 shows a representation of adefrost indicator 500.Defrost indicator 500 may include outer 502, which containsinner container 504.Outer container 502 may includewindow 506, andlegends 508.FIG. 5 also showsaxis 510. In other embodiments, defrostindicator 500 may not have all of the elements or features listed and/or may have other elements or features instead of or in addition to those listed. -
Defrost indicator 500 is capable of being used multiple times.Outer container 502 is similar toouter container 102. However,outer container 102 catches the fluids that leak out ofinner container 104, whereas the fluids stay in the inner container 504 (which is within outer container 502). In an embodiment,outer container 502 may include a thermoplastic, such as Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) plastic. In an embodiment, the walls ofouter container 502 are held together by ultrasonic welding instead of using adhesives or mechanical snap/thread arrangement as it was found to work better during prototype testing with the thermal loading of the freeze/defrost thermal cycling. -
Inner container 504 contains a fluid, and visibly changes state as a result of freezing and defrosting without leaking out ofinner container 504.Inner container 504 may also be held together and held in place withinouter container 502 by ultrasonic welding. In an embodiment,inner container 504 is made from a synthetic thermal plastic, which may be a polycarbonate, such as poly bisphenol A carbonate, sold by GE under the name Lexan. - The fluid within
inner container 504 may be a saline solution and/or any of the fluids used forfluid 106. In an embodiment, 1.75 ml±0.25 ml offluid 106 was included ininner container 504.Fluid 106 occupied 40 to 40% of the volume of the container and the rest of theinner container 504 was filled with air.Fluid 106 took 12 to 45 minutes to defrost, depending on what the other contents items were stored in the freezer. In anembodiment fluid 106 has an alkalinity of (ppm) 132.0-69.0 and a PH of 6.5-8.5. In an embodiment, the hardness (ppm) offluid 106 while frozen is 130.00-56.70. In an embodiment, tap water from the Northwest Pacific was found to work better that tap water from the South East and tap water from Texas. The tap water from the Northwest Pacific that was used for one embodiment offluid 106 was tested and found to include - Boron (ppm) 0.04-0.00
- Bromodichloromethane (THM) (ppb) 0.70-0.0000
- Bromoform (THM) (ppb) 0.50-0.0000
- Calcium (ppm) 34.20-11.80
- Chloroform (THM) (ppb) 1.00-0.0000
- Dibromochloromethane (THM) (ppb) 0.80-0.0000
- Magnesium (ppm) 11.00-6.36
- Perchlorate (ppm) 0.00243-0.00
- Potassium (ppm) 3.95-1.88
- Radon 222 (pci/L) 609.70
- Copper (ppm) 0.09-0.00
- Fluoride (ppm) 1.3-0.00
- Total Nitrates (ppm) 9.70-0.00
- Sodium (ppm) 34.00-19.68
- Sulfate (ppm) 14.00-0.00
- Trihalomethane (ppb) 3.00-0.00
- Gross Beta (pci/L) 5.2-0.0.
- The tap water from the Northwest Pacific, having the listed contents was found to be less likely to cause clouding in the
inner container 504 than other waters. The fluid used forinner container 504 may also be used forinner container 104 or fordefrost indicator 400. -
Window 506 showsinner container 504, so that the user may view the state of the fluid withininner container 504. In an alternative embodiment,inner container 504 may contain two immiscible fluids. Above, an alternative of embodiment ofdefrost indicator 100 was described in which two immiscible fluids were used. However, in the alternative embodiment ofdefrost indicator 100, one immiscible fluid was initially ininner container 104 and the other immiscible fluid was outside of (and surrounding)inner container 104, but insideouter container 102. In contrast in the present alternative embodiment, both immiscible fluids are placed intoinner container 504. The same fluids used indefrost indicator container 504 is discussed further in conjunction withFIG. 6 . -
Legends 508 may include a brief description as to how to use thedefrost indicator 500. For example,legends 508 may describe the appearance of the fluid withininner container 504 corresponding to different states ofdefrost indicator 500, such as “clear when defrosted” and/or “green when frozen” (indicating that if the fluid is still green the defrost indicator did not defrost and if the fluid is clear the defrost indicator defrosted at some point whether or not the fluid is currently frozen).Axis 510 is used for reference inFIGS. 6-8 to facilitate coordinating the orientation of the cut planes with the orientation ofdefrost indicator 500 inFIG. 5 and for labeling the directions of each axis that is used to form the cut planes. -
FIG. 6 shows a representation of a cross section along an xz plane of an embodiment ofdefrost indicator 500.FIG. 6 showsouter container 502,inner container 504,axis 510,plane 604,side wall 606,back wall 608,poles plate 620, opening 621,inner container walls 622,lower chamber 624,upper chamber 626, andshelf 628 havinghole 630.FIG. 6 also showsaxis 510. In other embodiments, the cross section along the xz plane may not have all of the elements or features listed and/or may have other elements or features instead of or in addition to those listed. -
Outer container 502 andinner container 504 were discussed in conjunction withFIG. 5 , and further details are discussed in conjunction with the remainder of the discussion ofFIG. 6 .Plane 604 is the xz plane is the plane alongdefrost indicator 502 was cut to show the cross section ofFIG. 6 . -
Side wall 606 is a circular wall that encircles the rims of the back and front walls ofouter container 502. Backwall 608 is the back wall ofouter container 502.Poles back wall 608. In an embodiment,poles wall 606 to the front wall, and help facilitate keeping backwall 606 and front wall from collapsing inward or bowing outward.Poles inner container 504 in one place.Plate 620 also helps keepinner container 504 in one place.Opening 621 is a notch or hole throughplate 620 through whichinner container 504 is placed. The combination ofpoles plate 620, and the portion ofside wall 608 that is immediately aboveinner container 504 holdinner container 504 securely in one place. The three point press fit provided bypoles -
Inner container walls 622 are the walls ofinner container 504, which keep the fluid withininner container 504 from leaking. In an embodiment, the walls ofinner container 504 have a slant of a 7.75 deg slant from the vertical. In an embodiment, the inner surface of the walls ofcontainer 504 are given a No. 6 Diamond Finish, which give the correct surface tension profile during a defrost of the solution and a measured movement of the defrosting frozen fluid to allow for an indication of the melting that can be seen via the window (the No. 6 Diamond Finish is defined by ASME Y14.36M-1996, which is incorporated herein by reference). It was also found, following numerous testing, that the specific surface roughness of a No. 6 Diamond Finish provided the best results in terms of an indication via the outer casing detection window. -
Lower chamber 624 is a lower chamber ofinner container 504, which in an embodiment is empty prior to defrosting defrostindicator 504. -
Upper chamber 626 is an upper chamber ofinner container 504. In an embodiment, the fluid does not fill the entireinner container 504, and initiallyupper chamber 504 contains a frozen fluid prior toinner container 504 defrosting. Theinner container 504 includes some sort of support for holding frozen fluid within the region in front of thewindow 506 on the front of thedefrost detector 500. For example, as discussed above, the inner container may be wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, so that once frozen withinupper chamber 624, the fluid stays inupper chamber 624 as a result of the slanting walls. As discussed above, in an embodiment, the walls ofinner container 504 are jagged to help hold the frozen fluid in place. - In another embodiment, other support structures are used. For example,
shelf 628 is a plate withininner container 504 that separate lower chamber 522 fromupper chamber 624.Shelf 628 also supports frozen fluid inupper chamber 624, keeping the frozen fluid form falling intolower chamber 622.Hole 630 is a hole inshelf 628. When the fluid inupper chamber 624 melts, the fluid drips down intolower chamber 622.Shelf 628, the slanting walls ofinner chamber 504, and the grooves are all optional. Any ofshelf 628, the slanting walls and/or the jagged walls may be used without the others, and any ofshelf 628, the slanting walls and/or the jagged walls may be used alone, in combination with any other means of keeping the frozen fluid in the upper container, or may be used all together with one another to keep the frozen fluid in theupper chamber 624 as long as the fluid remains frozen. Thus, the observer can tell whether defrostindicator 500 defrosted by checking whether the frozen fluid is still inupper chamber 624 throughwindow 506 and/or by checking whether there is fluid inlower chamber 622. - To use
defrost indicator 500, the fluid is frozen while at least of portion of the fluid is in front of the window of the defrost indicator. For example, defrostindicator 500 may be held upside down while the fluid is freezing. After freezing the fluid, if the temperature of the fluid drops below its freezing point for a long enough time the fluid melts and falls to the bottom ofinner container 504 intolower chamber 622. Then when the observer inspects the defrost indicator the observer does not see the colored fluid and the window is clear instead of having the color of the fluid. Thus, in this embodiment, an indication of a defrost is if the colored fluid is not visible in thewindow 506. - In the embodiments of
FIGS. 5-8 , correlating the states ofdefrost indicator 500 with the four states mentioned in the SUMMARY, the first state mentioned the SUMMARY isinner container 504 upside down so that the fluid is in theupper chamber 624 with the fluid in the liquid state. The second state mentioned in the SUMMARY is when the fluid is frozen and located inupper chamber 624. The third state mentioned in the SUMMARY is when the fluid is again in the liquid state, but now inlower chamber 622. The fourth state is when the fluid is frozen and inlower chamber 622. - To reuse the defrost indicator, if the fluid is frozen at a location such that the fluid is not visible in
window 506, the fluid is allowed to melt. Then the defrost indicator is again positioned such that at least a portion of the fluid will freeze near the top of inner container 504 (again, for example, the defrost indicator is positioned upside down). As a result of the support (e.g., as a result of the narrowing of the inner container,shelf 628 and/or the jagged walls), after freezing the fluids whileinner container 504 is upside down, the frozen liquid is suspended and prevented from falling to the bottom of theinner container 504. As long as the defrost indicator remains frozen, the frozen liquid remains in place, indicating that the temperature has not dropped to a low enough temperature and for a long enough time for a defrost to occur. In an alternative embodiment,shelf 628 has multiple holes instead of just one hole. In another embodiment, in addition to or instead of having one or more holes,shelf 628 is made from a porous material or a membrane that allows fluids to pass through. In an alternative embodiment,inner container 504 contains two immiscible fluids and upon defrosting, the fluid initially frozen inupper chamber 624 sinks into thelower chamber 622, which pushes the fluid initially inlower chamber 622 intoupper chamber 624. -
FIG. 7 shows a cross section of the defrost indicator cut horizontally half way between the top and the bottom of the defrost indicator.FIG. 7 showsouter container 502 andinner container 504.FIG. 7 also showsaxis 510.Outer container 502 hasside wall 606.FIG. 7 hasXY plane 702 andouter container 502 also hasfront wall 708. In other embodiments, the cross section along the xy plane may not have all of the elements or features listed and/or may have other elements or features instead of or in addition to those listed. -
Outer container 502,inner container 504, andside wall 606 were discussed above.XY plane 702defrost indicator 500 horizontally halfway between the top and bottom ofdefrost indicator 500 showing a cross section ofinner container 504, which shows another perspective of the components discussed inFIGS. 5 and 6 . -
FIG. 8 shows a cross section of the defrost indicator cut vertically down the middle between its two sides.FIG. 8 showsouter container 502 andinner container 504.FIG. 8 also showsaxis 510.Outer container 502 hasside wall 606 andfront wall 708.Inner container 504 hasupper chamber 626 andshelf 628.FIG. 8 also hasYZ plane 702. In other embodiments, the cross section along the yz plane may not have all of the elements or features listed and/or may have other elements or features instead of or in addition to those listed. -
Outer container 502,inner container 504, andside wall 606,front wall 708,upper chamber 626, andshelf 628 were discussed above.YZ plane 802defrost indicator 500 vertically halfway between the two sides ofdefrost indicator 500 showing another cross section ofinner container 504, which shows another perspective of the components discussed inFIGS. 5-7 . -
FIG. 9 showssystem 900 having the defrost indicator within its packaging.System 900 may include packaging 902 havinginformation 904 and enclosingdefrost indicator 906. In other embodiments,system 900 may not have all of the elements or features listed and/or may have other elements or features instead of or in addition to those listed. -
System 900 is one example of the manner in which a defrost indicator may be sold. Packaging 902 may be clear plastic having a slot on top for hangingsystem 900 whilesystem 900 is in the store. Packaging 902 may enclose a card including information about the defrost indicator, such as how to use the defrost indicator. For example, defrost indicator may be sold with a description of the methodFIG. 11 , which is described below.Defrost indicator 906 may be one ofdefrost indicators -
FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of amethod 1000 of making a defrost indicator. Instep 1002, one side ofouter container defrost container 500, the side made may include backwall 608,side walls 606,poles shelf 620. Instep 1004, another side ofouter container defrost container 500, the side made may includefront wall 708, which may enclose a structure that engagespoles shelf 620. For example,wall 708 may include depressions into whichpoles shelf 620 fit snugly. As another example, there may be depressions at the ends ofpoles front wall 708 that fit snugly into the depression at the ends ofpoles - In the case of
defrost indicator 400 there may be an additional step of forming the strip of a self sealing material, such as a self-sealing rubber. - In
step 1006 the inner container is formed leaving an opening through which fluid may be added. In the case ofdefrost indicator 400,step 1006 is skipped, because there is no inner container. - In
step 1008 the fluid is formed, which may involve dissolving a salt, coloring, in water. If two immiscible fluids are used, then both fluids are formed as part ofstep 1008. Instep 1010 the fluid is added to the inner container. Optionally, in the case ofinner container 504, there may be two fluids that are added to the inner container.Step 1008 may also include sealing the inner container, which may include attaching and/or adhering a stopper to one end, for example. Instep 1012, the inner container is mounted to one side of the outer container. In one embodiment, the inner container may be permanently attached to that side of the inner container. In another embodiment, the inner container may be removably held in place. For example, indefrost container 500,inner container 504 may be removably mounted and held in place bywalls 606,poles shelf 620. In the case ofdefrost indicator 500 optionally the back half and the front half of theinner container 504 may be made separately and then joined together via ultrasonic welding. - In
step 1012, the two sides of the outer container are attached to one another. The two parts of the outer container may be joined together by ultrasonic welding. For example, one side of the outer container is attached to the other side in which the inner container was mounted. In the case ofdefrost container 100, optionally, a second fluid may be added to the outer container that is immiscible with the fluid in theinner container 104. In the case ofdefrost indicator 400,step 1012 may also include attaching the self sealing plate to the outer container. thereby sealing the outer container so fluid does not leak. The fluid may be added to defrost container before or after sealing. If the fluid is added after sealing the fluid is injected through the self sealing material. Optionally, the parts of inner and outer container may be formed by injection molding. - In an embodiment, each of the steps of
method 1000 is a distinct step. In another embodiment, although depicted as distinct steps inFIG. 10 , step 1002-1012 may not be distinct steps. In other embodiments,method 1000 may not have all of the above steps and/or may have other steps in addition to or instead of those listed above. The steps ofmethod 1000 may be performed in another order. Subsets of the steps listed above as part ofmethod 1000 may be used to form their own method. -
FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of a method of using the defrost indicator. Instep 1102, if not already setup, the defrost indicator is setup. For example, in the case ofdefrost indicator 100,inner container 104 may need to be replaced if it cracked as a result of defrosting during the last usage ofdefrost indicator 100. As another example, in the case ofdefrost indicator 400, if fluid leaked out as a result of defrosting in during the last usage, more fluid is added by injecting the fluid throughself sealing material 406. As yet another example, in the case ofdefrost indicator 500, iffluid 506 melted, defrostindicator 500 may be turned upside down and refrozen. Additionally, ifdefrost indicator defrost container - In
step 1104, the defrost indicator is placed in a region that is desired to be kept at a temperature that is at or lower than the freezing point. - In
step 1106 if fluid is not already frozen, the fluid is allowed to freeze. For example, in the case ofdefrost indicator 100,fluid 106 is frozen causinginner container 104 to crack, or in the case ofdefrost indicator 400 the fluid is allowed to freeze causing theweak portion 404 to crack. Instep 1108, if the temperature of the defrost indicator rises, the fluid begins to defrost. In the case ofdefrost indicator 100, the fluid leaks out ofinner container 104 intoouter container 102. In the case ofdefrost indicator 400, the fluid leaks out ofdefrost container 401. In the case ofdefrost indicator 500, the fluid in the upper chamber flows or drips into the lower chamber as the fluid melts. In step 1112, the defrost container is checked to see if its state has changed. - In an embodiment, each of the steps of
method 1100 is a distinct step. In another embodiment, although depicted as distinct steps inFIG. 11 , step 1102-1112 may not be distinct steps. In other embodiments,method 1100 may not have all of the above steps and/or may have other steps in addition to or instead of those listed above. The steps ofmethod 1100 may be performed in another order. Subsets of the steps listed above as part ofmethod 1100 may be used to form their own method. - In an embodiment, defrost
indicator fluid 106 is formulated to indicate whether the breast milk defrosted. In an embodiment, thedefrost indicator defrost indicator defrost indicator defrost indicator defrost indicator - Ultrasonic welding of the capsules seals the capsules in excess of 99% of tests from leakage beyond 40 freeze/defrost thermal cycles. Additionally, a surface roughness of a No. 6 Diamond polish was found to be well suited for a controlled plug decent while the solution defrosts along a slide slope of 7.75 deg.
- In an embodiment, the instructions are molded into an off white ABS plastic casing. In an embodiment, the writing on the casing has a depth of greater than 0.005 in. In an embodiment, the writing on the casing has a depth less than or equal to 0.012 in. In an embodiment, the writing on the casing has depth of greater than 0.005 in. and less than or equal to 0.012 in. In another embodiment, the depth of the writing is less than or equal to 0.009-0.010 in. In an embodiment, the depth of the mold is greater than 0.005 in. and less than or equal to 0.009-0.010 in. In an embodiment, the depth of writing of the instructions less than or equal to 0.12 in. and less than or equal to 0.12 in. In another embodiment, the depth of the writing is in the range of 0.006-0.007 in. In another embodiment, the depth of the writing is in the range of 0.006-0.009 in. In another embodiment, the depth of the writing is in the range of 0.006-0.008 in. In another embodiment, the depth of the writing is 0.007 in.
- The deeper the depth of the writing, the higher the contrast (and the easier it is to read the writing, but the shallower the depth of the writing, the more likely
outer container 502 will crack. Experimentally, at a 0.005 in. depth, the writing is legible, but difficult to read as a result of poor contrast. At a depth of 0.012 in. the contrast is high and consequently the writing is relatively easy to read, but cracking may be an issue. At a 0.009-0.010 in. depth, the writing had a near 50% failure rate as a result of crater cracking after approximately 10-20 thermal cycles. At a 0.006-0.007 in. depth, the writing had only a 1% failure rate as a result of crater cracking after more than 40 thermal cycles. In another embodiment, the writing is raised above the surface ofouter container 502. - Although
outer containers 102 is shown as a disc inFIGS. 1-3 ,inner container 104 is shown as a cylinder inFIGS. 1-3 ,container 402 is shown as a disc inFIG. 4 ,outer container 502 is shows as a disc inFIGS. 5-8 ,inner container 504 is shown as a cylinder inFIGS. 5-8 , any of the containers could be cubic, spherical, tetrahedron, and/or may have a face or cross section that is square, triangular, circular, rectangular, ovular, or any other three-dimensional shape. In an embodiment, any ofouter container 102,inner container 104,container 401,outer container 502, and/orinner container 504 may be made from ABS plastic, polycarbonate, such as poly bisphenol A carbonate, sold by GE under the name Lexan, and/or another material. - In another application, the temperature at which that the item being monitored freezes is not relevant, but the temperature at which the item being monitored stays fresh and/or does not spoiling is relevant. In other words, the defrost indicator may freeze at a temperature that the item being monitored must be kept at or kept lower than, even though the freezing point of the item being monitored is below (or even above) the freezing point of the defrost indicator. Thus in this embodiment, even though the item being monitored never freezes, the state of the defrost indicator indicates whether or not the temperature of the item being monitored was kept below a temperature that ensures that the item being monitored remains fresh.
- In an alternative embodiment,
inner chamber 504 may be used as the only container, withoutouter container 502. In another embodiment, a fluid with a low boiling temperature may be kept in an open container (which optionally may be located within an outer container). When the temperature raises above the boiling point, the liquid boils and evaporates out of the container. If the temperature drops back down below the boiling temperature, although the liquid may condense most the liquid will condense outside of the container, so that the observer can determine that the temperature rose above the boiling point of the liquid because most of the fluid will no longer be located in the original container that fluid was placed. - Although water and fluids containing water tend to expand as they freeze, most fluids do not expand as they freeze. Although in the above examples, the weak portion (e.g., the thin glass or plastic) of
defrost indicators indicator defrost indicator inner container 104 orcontainer 401 andweak walls 404 are designed to crack upon freezing the container as a result of the pressure dropping when the fluid freezes. -
Defrost indicators - Each embodiment disclosed herein may be used or otherwise combined with any of the other embodiments disclosed. Any element of any embodiment may be used in any embodiment.
- Although the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, modifications may be made without departing from the essential teachings of the invention.
Claims (19)
1. A device comprising:
an indicator that has at least two states that are visibly distinct from one another,
a first of the two states occurs when the indicator is initially frozen and
a second of the two states occurs as a result of the indicator defrosting and refreezing.
2. The device of claim 1 , the indicator including a container having two chambers,
in the first of the two states, the a fluid is frozen and located within a first of the two portions of the container, and
in the second of the two states at least some of the fluid that was in the first of the two portions of the container is now in a second of the two portions of the container.
3. The device of claim 2 , the two portions of the container being two chambers, and the container having a shelf that supports the frozen fluid while the fluid is frozen, but the shelf is permeable to fluids and allows the fluid that melts to move to the second chamber.
4. The device of claim 2 , the two portions of the container being two chambers, and the container having a shelf that supports the frozen fluid while the fluid is frozen, but the shelf has a hole that allows the fluid that melts to fall to the second chamber.
5. The device of claim 2 , the container having side walls that are slanted forming a top portion that is wider than a lower portion, in the first state the frozen fluid is located in the top portion and is held in the top portion as a result of being frozen to a shape that is too wide to fit in the lower portion.
6. The device of claim 2 , the container having side walls that are jagged in at least a top portion, in the first state the frozen fluid is located in the top portion and is held in the top portion as a result of being frozen to a shape that is engages the jagged surface of the top portion.
7. The device of claim 2 , the container being an inner container, the device further comprising:
an outer container; and
the inner container being mounted within the outer container.
8. The device of claim 7 , the outer container having a window through which the first of the two portions is visible.
9. The device of claim 2 , the fluid being colored.
10. The device of claim 2 , the fluid being saline solution.
11. The device of claim 2 , the fluid including a coloring and Sodium Cloride (ppm) 2100-1750.
12. The device of claim 1 , the device comprising:
a container having walls, the walls including a strong portion and a weak portion;
the strong portion is strong enough that the strong portion is expected not to crack as a result of freezing the container while full with a fluid; and
the weak portion is weak enough so that the weak portion is expected to crack when the container is frozen while full with the fluid.
13. The device of claim 12 , the container having a window via which one can see whether the fluid leaked out of the container.
14. The device of claim 12 , the container having a portion of the walls that is made from a self sealing material.
15. The device of claim 1 , the indicator including at least
a fluid
an inner container within which the fluid is stored, the inner container having walls of a thickness and of a material that is expected to crack when the fluid within is frozen for the first time; and
an outer container in which the inner container is stored; the outer container include walls having at least a portion through which the inner container may be viewed.
16. A device comprising a container having a support for frozen fluid that
holds the fluid in first location, associated with the support, and holds the fluid in the first location as long as the fluid remains frozen, and
allows the fluid to flow to another location as the fluid melts.
17. A method comprising:
freezing a fluid in a location where the fluid is supported as long as the fluid remains frozen, and
allowing the fluid to flow away from the location as the fluid melts.
18. The method of claim 17 further comprising:
checking whether the frozen liquid is still in the location where the fluid is supported as long as the fluid remains frozen, and determining whether the defrost indicator defrosted based on whether the frozen liquid is still in the location where the fluid is supported as long as the fluid remains frozen.
19. A method comprising:
forming an indicator by at least
forming an a first location within the indicator where the frozen fluid is initially stored;
forming a second location with the indicator where the fluid flows to when the fluid melts;
forming a transparent portion on the indicator, via which the frozen fluid in the container may viewed; and
placing a liquid within the indicator in the first location.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/315,046 US20090139250A1 (en) | 2007-11-28 | 2008-11-25 | Defrost indicator |
US12/387,090 US8028533B2 (en) | 2007-11-28 | 2009-05-08 | Defrost indicator |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US472407P | 2007-11-28 | 2007-11-28 | |
US12/315,046 US20090139250A1 (en) | 2007-11-28 | 2008-11-25 | Defrost indicator |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/387,090 Continuation-In-Part US8028533B2 (en) | 2007-11-28 | 2009-05-08 | Defrost indicator |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20090139250A1 true US20090139250A1 (en) | 2009-06-04 |
Family
ID=40674372
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/315,046 Abandoned US20090139250A1 (en) | 2007-11-28 | 2008-11-25 | Defrost indicator |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20090139250A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019119167A1 (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-06-27 | Pontificia Universidad Católica De Chile | Device for monitoring the cold chain in frozen or refrigerated products |
CN117048986A (en) * | 2023-10-12 | 2023-11-14 | 蓬莱惠茂食品有限公司 | Sea cucumber cold chain transportation heat preservation packaging container |
Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3177843A (en) * | 1964-02-13 | 1965-04-13 | Robert S Geocaris | Frozen food indicator |
US3291617A (en) * | 1963-03-12 | 1966-12-13 | United Shoe Machinery Corp | Frozen food indicators |
US3958528A (en) * | 1973-10-23 | 1976-05-25 | Robert Hill | Product thaw indicator |
US4144834A (en) * | 1976-12-27 | 1979-03-20 | James Donegan | Defrost indicator |
US4229813A (en) * | 1978-06-26 | 1980-10-21 | Akzona Incorporated | Elapsed time indicator |
US4280361A (en) * | 1979-06-08 | 1981-07-28 | Franco Sala | Device for detecting the defrosting of frozen products |
US5034233A (en) * | 1989-12-11 | 1991-07-23 | Mccloy Jr John P | Frozen food thaw detector |
US6694913B2 (en) * | 2001-08-10 | 2004-02-24 | Isadore Cooperman | Changed condition indicator |
US20080026110A1 (en) * | 2006-06-23 | 2008-01-31 | Thawdog, Llc. | Defrost indicator for frozen products |
US20090211268A1 (en) * | 2007-11-28 | 2009-08-27 | E & J Enterprises, Llc | Defrost indicator |
US7770534B2 (en) * | 2001-08-10 | 2010-08-10 | Isadore Cooperman | Changed condition indicator |
-
2008
- 2008-11-25 US US12/315,046 patent/US20090139250A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3291617A (en) * | 1963-03-12 | 1966-12-13 | United Shoe Machinery Corp | Frozen food indicators |
US3177843A (en) * | 1964-02-13 | 1965-04-13 | Robert S Geocaris | Frozen food indicator |
US3958528A (en) * | 1973-10-23 | 1976-05-25 | Robert Hill | Product thaw indicator |
US4144834A (en) * | 1976-12-27 | 1979-03-20 | James Donegan | Defrost indicator |
US4229813A (en) * | 1978-06-26 | 1980-10-21 | Akzona Incorporated | Elapsed time indicator |
US4280361A (en) * | 1979-06-08 | 1981-07-28 | Franco Sala | Device for detecting the defrosting of frozen products |
US5034233A (en) * | 1989-12-11 | 1991-07-23 | Mccloy Jr John P | Frozen food thaw detector |
US6694913B2 (en) * | 2001-08-10 | 2004-02-24 | Isadore Cooperman | Changed condition indicator |
US7011037B2 (en) * | 2001-08-10 | 2006-03-14 | Isadore Cooperman | Changed condition indicator |
US7770534B2 (en) * | 2001-08-10 | 2010-08-10 | Isadore Cooperman | Changed condition indicator |
US20080026110A1 (en) * | 2006-06-23 | 2008-01-31 | Thawdog, Llc. | Defrost indicator for frozen products |
US20090211268A1 (en) * | 2007-11-28 | 2009-08-27 | E & J Enterprises, Llc | Defrost indicator |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019119167A1 (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-06-27 | Pontificia Universidad Católica De Chile | Device for monitoring the cold chain in frozen or refrigerated products |
CN117048986A (en) * | 2023-10-12 | 2023-11-14 | 蓬莱惠茂食品有限公司 | Sea cucumber cold chain transportation heat preservation packaging container |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US8028533B2 (en) | Defrost indicator | |
CN1554016B (en) | Changed condition indicator | |
JP5829281B2 (en) | Lower threshold temperature display device | |
JP6893940B2 (en) | Devices and methods for temperature monitoring of cryopreserved biological samples | |
KR100873579B1 (en) | Indicated label for temperature changing history of refrigerated or frozen product | |
GB2051361A (en) | Process and device for detecting the defrosting of frozen products | |
US5695284A (en) | Thaw indicator unit and method of manufacture | |
US20090139250A1 (en) | Defrost indicator | |
US7415939B2 (en) | Temperature sensitive indicator | |
JP7200125B2 (en) | Low temperature indicator mixture, apparatus and method for monitoring temperature changes at low temperatures | |
US5158364A (en) | Method of making and using an improved liquid crystal cumulative dosimeter container | |
US11209205B1 (en) | Cooling system with phase indication capability | |
US7475653B2 (en) | Sealed-system critical temperature indicator | |
US4064828A (en) | Freeze/thaw indicator | |
NO801691L (en) | PROCEDURE AND APPARATUS FOR DETECTION OF THINING PROCESSES | |
US20030123519A1 (en) | Device for monitoring a predetermined temperature | |
CN109153018A (en) | The method of the temperature monitoring of the sample container of biological sample for freezen protective, its manufacturing method and the sample for freezen protective | |
US5110215A (en) | Container for liquid crystal cumulative dosimeter | |
US20230258508A1 (en) | Time temperature indication module | |
CA1052633A (en) | Freeze/thaw indicator | |
GB2318871A (en) | Temperature change indicating device | |
PL215241B1 (en) | Method and the device for irreversible indication that the preset maximum temperature of frozem objects was exceeded, preferably relating to the products | |
KR20040083568A (en) | ice vessel | |
FR2669425A1 (en) | Indicator of the state of preservation for refrigerated or frozen products |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: E & J ENTERPRISES, NEVADA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:PALIN, ERIK S.;CIMBALOVA, JOZEFINA;REEL/FRAME:021975/0239 Effective date: 20081124 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |