US20090073913A9 - Direct link relay in a wireless network - Google Patents
Direct link relay in a wireless network Download PDFInfo
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- US20090073913A9 US20090073913A9 US10/880,367 US88036704A US2009073913A9 US 20090073913 A9 US20090073913 A9 US 20090073913A9 US 88036704 A US88036704 A US 88036704A US 2009073913 A9 US2009073913 A9 US 2009073913A9
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- wireless device
- uplink information
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- H04W88/02—Terminal devices
- H04W88/04—Terminal devices adapted for relaying to or from another terminal or user
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
- H04W40/04—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on wireless node resources
- H04W40/10—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on wireless node resources based on available power or energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
- H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
- H04W52/0251—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of local events, e.g. events related to user activity
- H04W52/0258—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of local events, e.g. events related to user activity controlling an operation mode according to history or models of usage information, e.g. activity schedule or time of day
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/38—TPC being performed in particular situations
- H04W52/48—TPC being performed in particular situations during retransmission after error or non-acknowledgment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to power management in wireless networks and more particularly to economizing transmit power consumption used by a wireless device.
- IEEE 802.11a/b/c/e/g/i provide for wireless connectivity between wireless devices, such as, for example, between a wireless station and an access point connected to an infrastructure network.
- IEEE 802.11 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
- These wireless standards typically provide processes for managing the power consumption of the wireless devices in an attempt to minimize the power consumed by the wireless devices, which at times may rely on battery sources for power having a limited supply of power.
- One technique frequently used to minimize the power consumption of a wireless device includes increasing the transmission rate (also referred to as the physical rate) of the wireless device. It will be appreciated that increasing the transmission rate reduces the power consumption as the time needed to transmit information is reduced, thereby reducing the duration that the antenna of the wireless device is active while transmitting the signal representative of the information.
- the maximum transmission rate supportable between wireless devices may be limited for any number of reasons, such as, for example, the distance between wireless devices, the presence of noise or other interference, the individual capabilities of the wireless devices, and the like.
- a reduction in the transmit power used by a wireless device may be performed to further reduce the power consumption of the wireless device.
- the degree to which the transmit power of a transmitting wireless station may be reduced generally is related to the link margin of a receiving wireless device, where the link margin typically represents a ratio of the actual received signal power to the minimum received signal power desired or acceptable by the receiving station.
- the transmitting station in theory, could reduce its transmit power by an amount up to the link margin of the receiving wireless device without violating the minimum received signal power requirement of the receiving wireless device.
- the degree to which the transmit power may be reduced is still dependent largely on the distance between the wireless devices.
- the present invention mitigates or solves the above-identified limitations in known solutions, as well as other unspecified deficiencies in known solutions.
- a number of advantages associated with the present invention are readily evident to those skilled in the art, including economy of design and resources, transparent operation, cost savings, etc.
- the present invention is directed to a method including receiving, at the first wireless device, uplink information from the second wireless device via a direct wireless link between the first and second wireless device, wherein a destination of the uplink information includes a networked device communicable with the access point, and relaying at least a portion of the uplink information from the first wireless device to the access point for transmission to the networked device in a wireless network.
- a further aspect of the present invention is a method including identifying a first wireless device capable of relaying at least a portion of uplink information from a second wireless device to the access point, the uplink information having as a destination a networked device communicable with the access point establishing a direct wireless link between the first wireless device and the second wireless device, and transmitting at least a portion of the uplink information from the second wireless device to the first wireless device via the direct wireless link for relay to the access point in a wireless network.
- a further aspect of the present invention is a wireless device including a transceiver adapted to receive uplink information from another wireless device via a direct wireless link with the other wireless device, wherein the uplink information has as a destination a networked device communicable with an access point, and the transceiver further adapted to transmit at least a portion of the uplink information to the access point for transmission to the networked device.
- a further aspect of the present invention is a wireless device including a transceiver, circuit means for identifying another wireless device capable of relaying at least a portion of uplink information from the wireless device to an access point, the uplink information having a networked device operably connected to the access point as a destination, communication means for establishing a direct wireless link with the other wireless device; and transmitter means for transmitting, via the transceiver, the uplink information to the other wireless device via the direct wireless link for relay to the access point.
- a further aspect of the present invention is a wireless system including a first wireless device and a second wireless device in communication with to an access point.
- the first wireless device is adapted to identify the second wireless device as capable of relaying at least a portion of uplink information to the access point, the uplink information having a networked device operably connected to the access point as a destination, and transmit the uplink information to the second wireless device via a direct wireless link between the first and second wireless devices.
- the second wireless device is adapted to relay at least a portion of the uplink information to the access point for transmission to the networked device.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary wireless system in which various uplink relay techniques may be advantageously implemented in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the exemplary wireless system of FIG. 1 in greater detail in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary method for relaying uplink information in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary method for identifying a suitable relay node in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention.
- System 100 incorporates a general wireless network topology described in IEEE 802.11 and other wireless standards wherein one or more wireless devices are associated with at least one access point 106 .
- the wireless devices 101 and 103 include devices enabled to communicate wirelessly using one or more protocols. Such protocols may include, for example, the IEEE 802.11 protocols (802.11a/b/e/g/i), etc. Examples of wireless-enabled devices may include notebook (or “laptop”) computers, handheld computers, desktop computers, workstations, servers, portable digital assistants (PDAs), cellular phones, etc.
- the wireless devices include a power conserving node (PCN) 102 and a relay node 104 .
- PCN power conserving node
- the access point 106 may be connected to an infrastructure network 108 or other network, such as, for example, the Internet, a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), and the like.
- an infrastructure network 108 or other network such as, for example, the Internet, a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), and the like.
- nodes 102 and 104 may communicate with one or more networked devices on an infrastructure network via the access point 106 .
- the nodes 102 and 104 may communicate with each other via the access point 106 or, as discussed in greater detail below, via a wireless direct link 110 between the nodes 102 and 104 .
- Exemplary techniques for establishing and maintaining a wireless direct link are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Application No. 60/515,701, the entirety of which is incorporated by reference herein.
- a wireless device sends uplink information (e.g., a set of one or more frames) to another networked device by transmitting the uplink information to an access point.
- the access point then transmits the uplink information to its intended destination. If the intended network device is within the basic service set (BSS) of the access point, the access point may wirelessly transmit the frame to the network device.
- BSS basic service set
- the access point may provide the frame to the infrastructure network for routing to the intended networked device.
- the transmitting wireless device often consumes more power than necessary during the uplink transmission.
- the distance between the wireless device and the access point may require considerable transmit power to successfully transmit the uplink information.
- the access point may have a lower maximum transmission rate than that available to the wireless device. As a result, it may take longer to transmit the uplink information, therefore consuming more power in the process.
- the present invention provides a technique for reducing the transmit power of a transmitting wireless device.
- the PCN 102 identifies and selects a suitable relay node 104 for use in relaying uplink information 122 (e.g., one or more frames) to the access point 106 , where the relay node 104 may be closer to the PCN 102 , may have less interference, and/or is capable of supporting a higher transmit rate than the access point 106 , thus reducing the transmit power consumed by the PCN 102 .
- a direct wireless link 112 may be established between the PCN 102 and the relay node 104 and the direct wireless link 112 may be used to provide the uplink information 122 to the relay node 104 for relay to the access point 106 .
- the relay node 104 may modify the uplink information 122 (e.g., by changing media access control (MAC) addresses in the frame headers) and transmit the modified uplink information 124 to the access point 106 using, for example, a conventional device-to-access point wireless link 112 .
- MAC media access control
- the PCN 102 may receive the downlink information 126 directly from the access point 106 via the conventional wireless link 114 .
- the downlink information 126 may have the the PCN 102 as a destination.
- the PCN 102 consumes less transmit power than if the uplink information 122 were to be transmitted directly to the access point 106 via a conventional device-to-access point wireless link 112 .
- the exemplary relay techniques are described in greater detail with reference to FIGS. 2-4 .
- PCN 102 is described herein as the transmitting device and relay node 104 is described as the relaying device, the PCN 102 may act as a relay node for relay node 104 or another wireless device and the relay node may act as a PCN.
- a wireless device may implement some or all of the features of both the PCN 102 and the relay node 104 such that the wireless device is enabled to both identify, select and use one or more relay nodes to conserve transmit power, as well as relay uplink information for another wireless device.
- the PCN 102 includes at least a transceiver 204 A for transmitting and/or receiving signals, one or more processors 206 A and protocol stacks 208 A for processing and otherwise preparing information for transmission via the transceiver 204 A, as well as for processing information received via the transceiver 204 A.
- the PCN 102 further may include a power conservation module 210 for identifying and selecting a suitable relay node (e.g., relay node 104 ) for relaying uplink information 122 , establishing and/or maintaining a direct link 110 with the identified relay node, and/or managing the transmission of the uplink information 122 to the selected relay node via the direct link 110 .
- a suitable relay node e.g., relay node 104
- the power conservation module 210 may be implemented as software, hardware, firmware, or a combination thereof. To illustrate, the power conservation module 210 may be implemented as a software component of the protocol stack 208 A, as a separate software program or module executed by the processor 206 A, or as a software or hardware component implemented as part of the transceiver 204 A.
- the relay node 104 includes a transceiver 204 B for transmitting and/or receiving signals to and from other wireless devices and a processor 206 B and protocol stack 208 B for processing received information and information to be transmitted.
- the relay node 104 further may include a relay module 212 for relaying uplink information from the PCN 102 , as well as for identifying itself to the PCN 102 as a relay node as discussed below with reference to FIG. 4 .
- the relay module 212 may be implemented as software, hardware, firmware, or a combination thereof, and may be implemented as a part of the transceiver 204 B, the protocol stack 208 B, a software program or module executed by the processor 206 B, as a separate hardware or software component, and the like.
- the PCN 102 is adapted to identify a relay node suitable to relay uplink information from the PCN 102 to the access point 106 at step 302 of method 300 ( FIG. 3 ).
- a relay node is suitable if the transmission of uplink information 122 to the relay node consumes less power at the PCN 102 than the transmission of the uplink information 122 directly to access point 106 .
- Factors which may be considered by the PCN 102 in determining the suitability of a relay node include the distance/interference between the PCN 102 and the relay node in comparison with the distance/interference between the PCN 102 and the access point 106 , the maximum receive rate supported by the relay node in comparison with the maximum receive rate supported by the access point 106 (subject to the maximum transmit rate supported by the PCN 102 ), and the like.
- An exemplary method for identifying and selecting a suitable relay node is discussed below with reference to FIG. 4 .
- a direct wireless link 110 may be established between the PCN 102 and the relay node 104 at step 304 .
- Any of a variety of techniques for establishing a direct wireless link may be implemented, such as by using the Direct Link Protocol (DLP) technique described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/353,391 referred to above and incorporated by reference above.
- the direct wireless link 110 may be initiated by either the PCN 102 or the relay node 104 .
- the uplink information 122 may be transmitted to the relay node 104 via the direct wireless link 110 .
- the uplink information 122 is illustrated as a data frame 222 including a header 224 and payload 232 , where the header 224 has, for example, a source address field 226 , an intermediary address field 228 and a destination address field 230 .
- the address fields 226 - 230 may include any of a variety of address formats used to route frames, such as, for example, a media access control (MAC) address or an Internet Protocol (IP) address.
- MAC media access control
- IP Internet Protocol
- the source address field 226 , the intermediary address field 228 , and the destination address field 230 respectively include the address A of the PCN 102 , the address B of the relay node 104 , and the address C of the networked device for which the frame 222 is intended (i.e., the destination of the frame 222 ).
- the networked device may include a device on the network 108 or other network, another wireless device in the BSS serviced by the access point 106 , and the like.
- the frame 222 is received by the transceiver 204 B of the relay node 104 and provided to the processor 206 B, the protocol stack 208 B and/or the relay module 212 for processing. Part of this processing may include determining whether the relay node 104 is the destination of the frame 222 or whether the relay node 104 is to act as an intermediary for the frame 222 . Accordingly, the relay module 212 (or protocol stack 208 B) may compare the address in the destination address field 230 with the address of the relay node 104 . If the comparison reveals that the relay node 104 is not the destination of the frame 222 , the relay node 104 may prepare to relay the frame 222 to the access point 106 .
- the relay module 212 may modify the header 224 by replacing the address B of the relay node 104 in the intermediary address field 228 with the address D of the access point 106 .
- resulting modified header 234 and the payload 232 may be transmitted to the access point 106 as a modified frame 244 via the device-to-access point link 112 .
- the access point 106 may process the frame 244 as necessary and forward it to the intended networked device (e.g., a device on network 108 ), as indicated by address C in the destination address field 230 .
- Step 302 begins at substep 402 , the relay module 212 or one or more potential relay nodes 104 may initiate the broadcast of a relay node discovery frame 214 (illustrated with reference to FIG. 2 ).
- the relay node discovery frame 214 may include a broadcast or multicast address M in destination address field 216 and the address B of the relay node 104 in the source address field 218 .
- the relay node discovery frame 214 may include an indication of the transmit power (e.g., a value in decibels (dB)) used to broadcast the frame 214 , where this indication may be stored in a header or payload 220 of the relay node discovery frame 214 .
- the payload 220 may further include an indication of a maximum transmit rate supported by the relay node 104 .
- the power conservation module 210 of the PCN 102 may determine the received signal strength of the frame 214 as it is received by the transceiver 204 A.
- the power conservation module 210 may determine a path loss associated with the relay node 104 , where the path loss represents the difference between the transmit power of the relay node discovery frame 214 (as indicated in the frame 214 ) and the received signal strength.
- An identifier associated with the relay node 104 e.g., the address of the relay node
- its corresponding path loss and its maximum supportable transmit rate may be added to a list or table maintained by the power conservation module 210 . The list or table may be updated upon reception of subsequent relay node discovery frames 214 from the relay node 104 .
- the power conservation module 210 determines whether there is a relay node available to relay uplink information 122 and further whether it would require less transmit power to use this relay node than it would to transmit the uplink information 122 directly to the access point 106 . Accordingly, the power conservation module 210 may determine and compare the quality of link between the PCN 102 and the access point 106 to the quality of one or more direct links (established or to be established) between the PCN 102 and one or more relay nodes 104 . In at least one embodiment, the quality of a link is based at least in part on the path loss, the maximum supported transmit rate, or a combination thereof. If more than one relay node 104 is maintained in the list or database of relay nodes, the power conservation module 210 may select a relay node having the highest link quality for comparison with the access point's link quality.
- the uplink information 122 may be transmitted directly to the access point 106 via the link 114 ( FIG. 1 ) at substep 408 .
- the power conservation module 210 determines that transmit power would be conserved by relaying uplink information via a selected relay node 104
- a direct wireless link 110 may be established between the PCN 102 and the selected relay node 104 (if not already established) and the uplink information 122 may be transmitted to the selected relay node 104 via the direct wireless link 110 for relay to the access point 106 as described above.
Abstract
Description
- The present invention claims benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 60/515,701 (Client Reference: GV 297; Attorney Docket No.: 56162.000497) filed Oct. 31, 2003 and entitled “Location Awareness in Wireless Networks,” the entirety of which is incorporated by reference herein.
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______ (Client Reference: GV 317; Attorney Docket No.: 56162.000517) filed concurrently herewith and entitled “Event-Based Multichannel Direct Link,” U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______ (Client Reference: GV 319; Attorney Docket No.: 56162.000519) filed concurrently herewith and entitled “Piggyback Ack Link Margin Frames,” U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______ (Client Reference: GV 320; Attorney Docket No.: 56162.000520) filed concurrently herewith and entitled “Time-Scheduled Multichannel Direct Link,” all claiming benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/515,701 (Client Reference: GV 297; Attorney Docket No.: 56162.000497) filed Oct. 31, 2003, the entireties of which are incorporated by reference herein.
- The entirety of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/353,391 filed Jan. 29, 2003 and entitled “Direct Link Protocol In Wireless Local Area” is also incorporated by reference herein.
- The present invention relates generally to power management in wireless networks and more particularly to economizing transmit power consumption used by a wireless device.
- Various wireless standards, such as Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards 802.11a/b/c/e/g/i (referred to collectively as IEEE 802.11), provide for wireless connectivity between wireless devices, such as, for example, between a wireless station and an access point connected to an infrastructure network. These wireless standards typically provide processes for managing the power consumption of the wireless devices in an attempt to minimize the power consumed by the wireless devices, which at times may rely on battery sources for power having a limited supply of power.
- One technique frequently used to minimize the power consumption of a wireless device includes increasing the transmission rate (also referred to as the physical rate) of the wireless device. It will be appreciated that increasing the transmission rate reduces the power consumption as the time needed to transmit information is reduced, thereby reducing the duration that the antenna of the wireless device is active while transmitting the signal representative of the information. However, the maximum transmission rate supportable between wireless devices may be limited for any number of reasons, such as, for example, the distance between wireless devices, the presence of noise or other interference, the individual capabilities of the wireless devices, and the like.
- In addition to, or instead of, implementing the maximum supportable transmission rate between wireless devices, a reduction in the transmit power used by a wireless device may be performed to further reduce the power consumption of the wireless device. The degree to which the transmit power of a transmitting wireless station may be reduced generally is related to the link margin of a receiving wireless device, where the link margin typically represents a ratio of the actual received signal power to the minimum received signal power desired or acceptable by the receiving station. Thus, the transmitting station, in theory, could reduce its transmit power by an amount up to the link margin of the receiving wireless device without violating the minimum received signal power requirement of the receiving wireless device. However, even if taking the link margin into account, the degree to which the transmit power may be reduced is still dependent largely on the distance between the wireless devices.
- Accordingly, improved techniques for economizing the transmit power of a transmitting wireless device would be advantageous.
- The present invention mitigates or solves the above-identified limitations in known solutions, as well as other unspecified deficiencies in known solutions. A number of advantages associated with the present invention are readily evident to those skilled in the art, including economy of design and resources, transparent operation, cost savings, etc.
- The present invention is directed to a method including receiving, at the first wireless device, uplink information from the second wireless device via a direct wireless link between the first and second wireless device, wherein a destination of the uplink information includes a networked device communicable with the access point, and relaying at least a portion of the uplink information from the first wireless device to the access point for transmission to the networked device in a wireless network.
- A further aspect of the present invention is a method including identifying a first wireless device capable of relaying at least a portion of uplink information from a second wireless device to the access point, the uplink information having as a destination a networked device communicable with the access point establishing a direct wireless link between the first wireless device and the second wireless device, and transmitting at least a portion of the uplink information from the second wireless device to the first wireless device via the direct wireless link for relay to the access point in a wireless network.
- A further aspect of the present invention is a wireless device including a transceiver adapted to receive uplink information from another wireless device via a direct wireless link with the other wireless device, wherein the uplink information has as a destination a networked device communicable with an access point, and the transceiver further adapted to transmit at least a portion of the uplink information to the access point for transmission to the networked device.
- A further aspect of the present invention is a wireless device including a transceiver, circuit means for identifying another wireless device capable of relaying at least a portion of uplink information from the wireless device to an access point, the uplink information having a networked device operably connected to the access point as a destination, communication means for establishing a direct wireless link with the other wireless device; and transmitter means for transmitting, via the transceiver, the uplink information to the other wireless device via the direct wireless link for relay to the access point.
- A further aspect of the present invention is a wireless system including a first wireless device and a second wireless device in communication with to an access point. Also, the first wireless device is adapted to identify the second wireless device as capable of relaying at least a portion of uplink information to the access point, the uplink information having a networked device operably connected to the access point as a destination, and transmit the uplink information to the second wireless device via a direct wireless link between the first and second wireless devices. Also, the second wireless device is adapted to relay at least a portion of the uplink information to the access point for transmission to the networked device.
- Still further features and advantages of the present invention are identified in the ensuing description, with reference to the drawings identified below.
- The purpose and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art from the following detailed description in conjunction with the appended drawings in which like reference characters are used to indicate like elements, and in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary wireless system in which various uplink relay techniques may be advantageously implemented in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the exemplary wireless system ofFIG. 1 in greater detail in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary method for relaying uplink information in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary method for identifying a suitable relay node in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention. - The following description is intended to convey a thorough understanding of the present invention by providing a number of specific embodiments and details involving the minimization of the transmit power used by a wireless device by relaying frames to an access point via another wireless device. It is understood, however, that the present invention is not limited to these specific embodiments and details, which are exemplary only. It is further understood that one possessing ordinary skill in the art, in light of known systems and methods, would appreciate the use of the invention for its intended purposes and benefits in any number of alternative embodiments, depending upon specific design and other needs.
- For ease of illustration, the various techniques of the present invention are discussed below in the context of IEEE 802.11-based wireless networking. However, those skilled in the art, using the teachings provided herein, may advantageously implement the disclosed techniques in other wireless networks. Accordingly, reference to techniques and components specific to IEEE 802.11, such as an 802.11-specific frame format, applies also to the equivalent technique or component in other wireless network standards unless otherwise noted.
- Referring now to
FIG. 1 , anexemplary system 100 employing one or more frame relay techniques disclosed herein is illustrated in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention.System 100 incorporates a general wireless network topology described in IEEE 802.11 and other wireless standards wherein one or more wireless devices are associated with at least oneaccess point 106. The wireless devices 101 and 103 include devices enabled to communicate wirelessly using one or more protocols. Such protocols may include, for example, the IEEE 802.11 protocols (802.11a/b/e/g/i), etc. Examples of wireless-enabled devices may include notebook (or “laptop”) computers, handheld computers, desktop computers, workstations, servers, portable digital assistants (PDAs), cellular phones, etc. In the illustrated example, the wireless devices include a power conserving node (PCN) 102 and arelay node 104. - The
access point 106 may be connected to aninfrastructure network 108 or other network, such as, for example, the Internet, a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), and the like. Thus,nodes access point 106. Moreover, thenodes access point 106 or, as discussed in greater detail below, via a wirelessdirect link 110 between thenodes - In conventional systems, a wireless device sends uplink information (e.g., a set of one or more frames) to another networked device by transmitting the uplink information to an access point. The access point then transmits the uplink information to its intended destination. If the intended network device is within the basic service set (BSS) of the access point, the access point may wirelessly transmit the frame to the network device. Alternatively, if the networked device is located on the infrastructure network to which the access point is connected, the access point may provide the frame to the infrastructure network for routing to the intended networked device.
- However, by transmitting uplink information from a wireless device directly to an access point, the transmitting wireless device often consumes more power than necessary during the uplink transmission. To illustrate, the distance between the wireless device and the access point may require considerable transmit power to successfully transmit the uplink information. Additionally, the access point may have a lower maximum transmission rate than that available to the wireless device. As a result, it may take longer to transmit the uplink information, therefore consuming more power in the process.
- Accordingly, the present invention provides a technique for reducing the transmit power of a transmitting wireless device. In at least one embodiment, the
PCN 102 identifies and selects asuitable relay node 104 for use in relaying uplink information 122 (e.g., one or more frames) to theaccess point 106, where therelay node 104 may be closer to thePCN 102, may have less interference, and/or is capable of supporting a higher transmit rate than theaccess point 106, thus reducing the transmit power consumed by thePCN 102. After identifying and selecting asuitable relay node 104, adirect wireless link 112 may be established between thePCN 102 and therelay node 104 and thedirect wireless link 112 may be used to provide theuplink information 122 to therelay node 104 for relay to theaccess point 106. Therelay node 104 may modify the uplink information 122 (e.g., by changing media access control (MAC) addresses in the frame headers) and transmit the modifieduplink information 124 to theaccess point 106 using, for example, a conventional device-to-accesspoint wireless link 112. However, because conserving transmit power at theaccess point 106 typically is not a serious issue and because the power consumed in receivingdownlink information 126 is substantially constant regardless of the distance and/or transmit rate, thePCN 102 may receive thedownlink information 126 directly from theaccess point 106 via theconventional wireless link 114. Thedownlink information 126 may have the thePCN 102 as a destination. However, in certain instances, it may be preferable to relay thedownlink information 126 from theaccess point 106 to thePCN 102 via therelay node 104 or one or more other wireless device. - Thus, by transmitting
uplink information 122 to arelay node 104 that is closer (or having less interference) than theaccess point 106, or capable of supporting a higher transmit rate, thePCN 102 consumes less transmit power than if theuplink information 122 were to be transmitted directly to theaccess point 106 via a conventional device-to-accesspoint wireless link 112. The exemplary relay techniques are described in greater detail with reference toFIGS. 2-4 . - Referring now to
FIGS. 2-4 , exemplary configurations of thePCN 102 andrelay node 104, as well as anexemplary method 300 of their operation, are illustrated in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention. AlthoughPCN 102 is described herein as the transmitting device andrelay node 104 is described as the relaying device, thePCN 102 may act as a relay node forrelay node 104 or another wireless device and the relay node may act as a PCN. Accordingly, those skilled in the art will appreciate that a wireless device may implement some or all of the features of both thePCN 102 and therelay node 104 such that the wireless device is enabled to both identify, select and use one or more relay nodes to conserve transmit power, as well as relay uplink information for another wireless device. - In the illustrated example of
FIG. 2 , thePCN 102 includes at least atransceiver 204A for transmitting and/or receiving signals, one ormore processors 206A andprotocol stacks 208A for processing and otherwise preparing information for transmission via thetransceiver 204A, as well as for processing information received via thetransceiver 204A. ThePCN 102 further may include apower conservation module 210 for identifying and selecting a suitable relay node (e.g., relay node 104) for relayinguplink information 122, establishing and/or maintaining adirect link 110 with the identified relay node, and/or managing the transmission of theuplink information 122 to the selected relay node via thedirect link 110. Thepower conservation module 210 may be implemented as software, hardware, firmware, or a combination thereof. To illustrate, thepower conservation module 210 may be implemented as a software component of theprotocol stack 208A, as a separate software program or module executed by theprocessor 206A, or as a software or hardware component implemented as part of thetransceiver 204A. - As with the
PCN 102, therelay node 104 includes atransceiver 204B for transmitting and/or receiving signals to and from other wireless devices and aprocessor 206B andprotocol stack 208B for processing received information and information to be transmitted. Therelay node 104 further may include arelay module 212 for relaying uplink information from thePCN 102, as well as for identifying itself to thePCN 102 as a relay node as discussed below with reference toFIG. 4 . Therelay module 212 may be implemented as software, hardware, firmware, or a combination thereof, and may be implemented as a part of thetransceiver 204B, theprotocol stack 208B, a software program or module executed by theprocessor 206B, as a separate hardware or software component, and the like. - As noted above, a conventional wireless device typically transmits uplink information directly to an access point. However, the access point may be at a significant distance and/or may have a relatively low supported receive rate. Thus, to economize power consumption when transmitting the uplink information, in at least one embodiment, the
PCN 102 is adapted to identify a relay node suitable to relay uplink information from thePCN 102 to theaccess point 106 atstep 302 of method 300 (FIG. 3 ). Generally, a relay node is suitable if the transmission ofuplink information 122 to the relay node consumes less power at thePCN 102 than the transmission of theuplink information 122 directly toaccess point 106. Factors which may be considered by thePCN 102 in determining the suitability of a relay node include the distance/interference between thePCN 102 and the relay node in comparison with the distance/interference between thePCN 102 and theaccess point 106, the maximum receive rate supported by the relay node in comparison with the maximum receive rate supported by the access point 106 (subject to the maximum transmit rate supported by the PCN 102), and the like. An exemplary method for identifying and selecting a suitable relay node is discussed below with reference toFIG. 4 . - Once a
suitable relay node 104 is selected, adirect wireless link 110 may be established between thePCN 102 and therelay node 104 atstep 304. Any of a variety of techniques for establishing a direct wireless link may be implemented, such as by using the Direct Link Protocol (DLP) technique described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/353,391 referred to above and incorporated by reference above. Thedirect wireless link 110 may be initiated by either thePCN 102 or therelay node 104. - At
step 306, the uplink information 122 (FIG. 1 ) may be transmitted to therelay node 104 via thedirect wireless link 110. For ease of discussion, theuplink information 122 is illustrated as adata frame 222 including aheader 224 andpayload 232, where theheader 224 has, for example, asource address field 226, anintermediary address field 228 and adestination address field 230. The address fields 226-230 may include any of a variety of address formats used to route frames, such as, for example, a media access control (MAC) address or an Internet Protocol (IP) address. In at least one embodiment, thesource address field 226, theintermediary address field 228, and thedestination address field 230 respectively include the address A of thePCN 102, the address B of therelay node 104, and the address C of the networked device for which theframe 222 is intended (i.e., the destination of the frame 222). The networked device may include a device on thenetwork 108 or other network, another wireless device in the BSS serviced by theaccess point 106, and the like. - At
step 308, theframe 222 is received by thetransceiver 204B of therelay node 104 and provided to theprocessor 206B, theprotocol stack 208B and/or therelay module 212 for processing. Part of this processing may include determining whether therelay node 104 is the destination of theframe 222 or whether therelay node 104 is to act as an intermediary for theframe 222. Accordingly, the relay module 212 (orprotocol stack 208B) may compare the address in thedestination address field 230 with the address of therelay node 104. If the comparison reveals that therelay node 104 is not the destination of theframe 222, therelay node 104 may prepare to relay theframe 222 to theaccess point 106. As part of this processing, therelay module 212 may modify theheader 224 by replacing the address B of therelay node 104 in theintermediary address field 228 with the address D of theaccess point 106. Atstep 310, resulting modifiedheader 234 and thepayload 232 may be transmitted to theaccess point 106 as a modifiedframe 244 via the device-to-access point link 112. Upon receipt of the modifiedframe 244, theaccess point 106 may process theframe 244 as necessary and forward it to the intended networked device (e.g., a device on network 108), as indicated by address C in thedestination address field 230. - Referring now to
FIG. 4 , an exemplary implementation ofstep 302 of method 300 (FIG. 3 ) for identifying a wireless device that is suitable to act as a relay node for another wireless device is illustrated in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention. Step 302 begins atsubstep 402, therelay module 212 or one or morepotential relay nodes 104 may initiate the broadcast of a relay node discovery frame 214 (illustrated with reference toFIG. 2 ). The relaynode discovery frame 214 may include a broadcast or multicast address M indestination address field 216 and the address B of therelay node 104 in thesource address field 218. Moreover, the relaynode discovery frame 214 may include an indication of the transmit power (e.g., a value in decibels (dB)) used to broadcast theframe 214, where this indication may be stored in a header orpayload 220 of the relaynode discovery frame 214. Thepayload 220 may further include an indication of a maximum transmit rate supported by therelay node 104. - Upon receipt of a relay
node discovery frame 214 from arelay node 104, thepower conservation module 210 of thePCN 102 may determine the received signal strength of theframe 214 as it is received by thetransceiver 204A. Atsubstep 404, thepower conservation module 210 may determine a path loss associated with therelay node 104, where the path loss represents the difference between the transmit power of the relay node discovery frame 214 (as indicated in the frame 214) and the received signal strength. An identifier associated with the relay node 104 (e.g., the address of the relay node), its corresponding path loss and its maximum supportable transmit rate may be added to a list or table maintained by thepower conservation module 210. The list or table may be updated upon reception of subsequent relay node discovery frames 214 from therelay node 104. - At
substep 406, thepower conservation module 210 determines whether there is a relay node available to relayuplink information 122 and further whether it would require less transmit power to use this relay node than it would to transmit theuplink information 122 directly to theaccess point 106. Accordingly, thepower conservation module 210 may determine and compare the quality of link between thePCN 102 and theaccess point 106 to the quality of one or more direct links (established or to be established) between thePCN 102 and one ormore relay nodes 104. In at least one embodiment, the quality of a link is based at least in part on the path loss, the maximum supported transmit rate, or a combination thereof. If more than onerelay node 104 is maintained in the list or database of relay nodes, thepower conservation module 210 may select a relay node having the highest link quality for comparison with the access point's link quality. - If the
power conservation module 210 determine that less transmit power would be consumed by transmitting directly to theaccess point 106 atsubstep 406, theuplink information 122 may be transmitted directly to theaccess point 106 via the link 114 (FIG. 1 ) atsubstep 408. However, if thepower conservation module 210 determines that transmit power would be conserved by relaying uplink information via a selectedrelay node 104, at substep 410 adirect wireless link 110 may be established between thePCN 102 and the selected relay node 104 (if not already established) and theuplink information 122 may be transmitted to the selectedrelay node 104 via thedirect wireless link 110 for relay to theaccess point 106 as described above. - Other embodiments, uses, and advantages of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. The specification and drawings should be considered exemplary only, and the scope of the invention is accordingly intended to be limited only by the following claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (31)
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US8050360B2 (en) | 2011-11-01 |
US8446933B2 (en) | 2013-05-21 |
US20050094588A1 (en) | 2005-05-05 |
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