US20080168009A1 - Business methods of renewable hydrocarbon-based fuel - Google Patents
Business methods of renewable hydrocarbon-based fuel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20080168009A1 US20080168009A1 US12/006,427 US642708A US2008168009A1 US 20080168009 A1 US20080168009 A1 US 20080168009A1 US 642708 A US642708 A US 642708A US 2008168009 A1 US2008168009 A1 US 2008168009A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- carbon
- hydrogen
- purchase
- hydrocarbon
- Prior art date
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- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000029305 taxis Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 108010083687 Ion Pumps Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J15/00—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with non-particulate solids, e.g. sheet material; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- B01J15/005—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with non-particulate solids, e.g. sheet material; Apparatus specially adapted therefor in the presence of catalytically active bodies, e.g. porous plates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
- B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
- B01J19/127—Sunlight; Visible light
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/18—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
- B01J19/1806—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside resulting in a turbulent flow of the reactants, such as in centrifugal-type reactors, or having a high Reynolds-number
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/06—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/08—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal with moving catalysts
- C10G1/086—Characterised by the catalyst used
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
- F03G6/065—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having a Rankine cycle
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/06—Energy or water supply
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0869—Feeding or evacuating the reactor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0871—Heating or cooling of the reactor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0873—Materials to be treated
- B01J2219/0881—Two or more materials
- B01J2219/0886—Gas-solid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0873—Materials to be treated
- B01J2219/0892—Materials to be treated involving catalytically active material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
- H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
- H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
Definitions
- This invention is business methods applicable to purchasing and recycling transactions, and advertising of a renewable, hydrocarbon-based fuel cycle.
- Hydrocarbons of various forms are used throughout the world to produce heat and work. Most hydrocarbon-fueled processes use atmospheric oxygen and exhaust reaction products into the air. Liquid hydrocarbon fuel is used extensively in transportation. Liquid hydrocarbon fuel is refined from crude oil that is extracted from subterranean deposits. Additional sources of liquid hydrocarbon fuels are from commercial crops and naturally occurring grasses.
- Fuel cells are another means of producing work. Fuel cells use hydrogen gas as a fuel. Hydrogen gas is expensive to produce and pressurize. Production of hydrogen gas often involves the consumption of fossil fuels. Additional sources of hydrogen gas production are nuclear and solar energy. Nuclear energy produces nuclear waste. Solar energy includes photovoltaics used for electrolysis of water. The cost of photovoltaic panels is expensive, as the electron band gap is small and the resulting surface area is usually large. Another source of hydrogen gas is thermally cracking water. The gas must be separated, filtered, and compressed.
- the carbon atom is an ideal storage medium for hydrogen used as fuel.
- Unpressurized storage is part of the high utility of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel.
- Liquid hydrocarbon fuel is the fuel of choice for transportation because it is easily contained.
- the fuel tanks are usually unpressurized and lightweight.
- the ION PUMP AND AN ELECTROCHEMICAL ENGINE USING SAME that is disclosed in provisional patent application, Ser. No. 60/963,500, filed Aug. 6, 2007, abridged hereinafter to pumped-ion, electrochemical engine, recovers hydrogen-depleted carbon as a fuel byproduct when converting a liquid hydrocarbon fuel to work.
- This invention is the business processes that link the operations of the pumped-ion, electrochemical engine and the solar-powered, liquid-hydrocarbon-fuel synthesizer.
- Hydrogen-depleted carbon a fuel byproduct that is collected and stored in, and later removed from the pumped-ion, electrochemical engine, is used as a source of carbon that is used as a reactant in the solar-powered, liquid-hydrocarbon-fuel synthesizer.
- Synthesized fuel is used in the pumped-ion, electrochemical engine to produce work.
- the hydrogen-depleted carbon might have value other than its use as a reactant used in the solar-powered, liquid-hydrocarbon-fuel synthesizers.
- Transferring ownership of recovered fuel byproduct for its economic value includes ways and means of measuring the quantity of fuel byproduct that is recovered, determining the monetary or other value of the quantity of fuel byproduct, and processing the transaction, which might include both a credit for the fuel byproduct recovered and a debit for fuel purchased.
- the purchase price of fuel might be advertised as a net value of the fuel price, less the value of recycled byproduct.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Economics (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Primary Health Care (AREA)
- Strategic Management (AREA)
- General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Tourism & Hospitality (AREA)
- Marketing (AREA)
- Human Resources & Organizations (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
A business process where hydrogen-depleted carbon, a fuel byproduct, that is removed from pumped-ion, electrochemical engines, or a similar device derived therefrom, is used directly or indirectly to supply carbon that is used as a reactant in solar-powered, liquid-hydrocarbon-fuel synthesizers, or a similar device derived therefrom, the reuse of the recovered carbon thereby yielding a renewable supply of hydrocarbon-based fuel. The synthesized fuel produced by the solar-powered, liquid-hydrocarbon-fuel synthesizers is converted to useful work by the pumped-ion, electrochemical engines. Little to no carbon dioxide gas is exhausted into the atmosphere when solar energy is the sole source of process heat used by the synthesizer.
Description
- This application claims priority and benefits of provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/879,096, filed Jan. 08, 2007, and priority and benefits of provisional patent application, Ser. No. 60/963,500, filed Aug. 6, 2007.
- Not Applicable
- Not Applicable
- 1. Field of Invention
- This invention is business methods applicable to purchasing and recycling transactions, and advertising of a renewable, hydrocarbon-based fuel cycle.
- 2. Description of Prior Art
- Hydrocarbons of various forms are used throughout the world to produce heat and work. Most hydrocarbon-fueled processes use atmospheric oxygen and exhaust reaction products into the air. Liquid hydrocarbon fuel is used extensively in transportation. Liquid hydrocarbon fuel is refined from crude oil that is extracted from subterranean deposits. Additional sources of liquid hydrocarbon fuels are from commercial crops and naturally occurring grasses.
- Great strides, including increased efficiencies, have been made in reducing pollution. Burning any hydrocarbon fuel in air produces carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. Governments are beginning to treat manmade carbon-dioxide gas emissions as a climate-changing environmental concern, and social pressure to switch from present-day hydrocarbon fuels is growing. Solar, geothermal, wind and wave energy are non-polluting energy sources.
- Fuel cells are another means of producing work. Fuel cells use hydrogen gas as a fuel. Hydrogen gas is expensive to produce and pressurize. Production of hydrogen gas often involves the consumption of fossil fuels. Additional sources of hydrogen gas production are nuclear and solar energy. Nuclear energy produces nuclear waste. Solar energy includes photovoltaics used for electrolysis of water. The cost of photovoltaic panels is expensive, as the electron band gap is small and the resulting surface area is usually large. Another source of hydrogen gas is thermally cracking water. The gas must be separated, filtered, and compressed.
- The carbon atom is an ideal storage medium for hydrogen used as fuel. Unpressurized storage is part of the high utility of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel. Liquid hydrocarbon fuel is the fuel of choice for transportation because it is easily contained. The fuel tanks are usually unpressurized and lightweight. The ION PUMP AND AN ELECTROCHEMICAL ENGINE USING SAME, that is disclosed in provisional patent application, Ser. No. 60/963,500, filed Aug. 6, 2007, abridged hereinafter to pumped-ion, electrochemical engine, recovers hydrogen-depleted carbon as a fuel byproduct when converting a liquid hydrocarbon fuel to work. The SOLAR-POWERED, LIQUID-HYDROCARBON-FUEL SYNTHESIZER, that is disclosed in provisional patent application, Ser. No. 60/879,096, filed Jan. 08, 2007, hydrogenates carbon that is used as a raw material to produce a hydrocarbon-based fuel. Together, the two devices might use carbon as a reusable storage medium for hydrogen that is used as a fuel.
- This invention is the business processes that link the operations of the pumped-ion, electrochemical engine and the solar-powered, liquid-hydrocarbon-fuel synthesizer. Hydrogen-depleted carbon, a fuel byproduct that is collected and stored in, and later removed from the pumped-ion, electrochemical engine, is used as a source of carbon that is used as a reactant in the solar-powered, liquid-hydrocarbon-fuel synthesizer. Synthesized fuel is used in the pumped-ion, electrochemical engine to produce work. The hydrogen-depleted carbon might have value other than its use as a reactant used in the solar-powered, liquid-hydrocarbon-fuel synthesizers. Transferring ownership of recovered fuel byproduct for its economic value includes ways and means of measuring the quantity of fuel byproduct that is recovered, determining the monetary or other value of the quantity of fuel byproduct, and processing the transaction, which might include both a credit for the fuel byproduct recovered and a debit for fuel purchased. The purchase price of fuel might be advertised as a net value of the fuel price, less the value of recycled byproduct.
- NO DRAWINGS INCLUDED
Claims (11)
1. A business process where hydrogen-depleted carbon, a fuel byproduct, that is removed from one or more pumped-ion, electrochemical engines, or a similar device derived therefrom, is used either directly or indirectly to supply carbon that is used as a reactant in one or more solar-powered, liquid-hydrocarbon-fuel synthesizers, or a similar device derived therefrom, said reuse of the carbon thereby yielding a renewable, hydrocarbon-based fuel supply,
and/or where said hydrogen-depleted carbon, that is removed from one or more pumped-ion, electrochemical engines, or a similar device derived therefrom, is used as a raw material in another production or product having economic value,
and/or where hydrogen-depleted carbon, that is removed from other devices that collect the byproduct, is used to supply carbon that is used as a reactant in one or more solar-powered, liquid-hydrocarbon-fuel synthesizers, or a similar device derived therefrom,
such that said business process of reusing the carbon produces a variety of monetary or other economic benefits while reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
2. The business process of claim 1 where a purchase of fuel, or a license or other right to use a quantity of fuel or the hydrogen and/or carbon contained therein, is directly or indirectly reduced by the monetary or other value of a quantity of hydrogen-depleted, carbon recovered from fuel, said fuel purchase and purchase discount, refund, rebate or other fuel-byproduct-credit realized being done in one or more transactions at one or more business entities.
3. The business process of claim 1 where the retail purchase price per a standard unit-of-measure of fuel is advertised or otherwise quoted as a net fuel price, discounted for the value of carbon that would be normally recovered at a standardized carbon content of the fuel, if an amount equal to the standardized carbon content were also returned at the time and place of refueling, even though the discount or credit that is given at the time and place of the transaction might be determined by measuring the actual quantity of fuel byproduct returned.
4. The business process of claim 1 in which the quantity of hydrogen-depleted carbon removed from said pumped-ion, electrochemical engine, or a similar device derived therefrom, is measured by a means such as measuring weight by deflection of a spring or balance, measuring mass by deflection of a surface including that of a piezoelectric material, measuring volume flow by rotation of a wheel or propeller turned by the flow, measuring flow density by use of an optical property, or measuring by another property, or any combination of such means, and in which the device that measures the quantity of hydrogen-depleted carbon removed might include a means of calculating the monetary value of the quantity of hydrogen-depleted carbon removed, by multiplying said quantity removed by the monetary value per unit-of-measure of weight, mass, volume, density, charge or other measure used, and in which the calculation of said monetary value might include a conversion from the original unit-of-measure used to measure said quantity removed, to another more widely accepted or better understood unit-of-measure.
5. The business process of claim 1 using a device, that might include or be part of a pump station that dispenses fuel, such as a gasoline pump at a service station, which includes a means of deducting from the purchase of fuel dispensed by the refueling device, the monetary value of hydrogen-depleted carbon that has been removed from said pumped-ion, electrochemical engine, or a similar device derived therefrom, where the means of deducting said monetary value from said purchase might use one or more algorithms performed by microprocessors or another means of performing the calculation, thereby yielding a net transaction for the fuel dispensed and the hydrogen-depleted carbon byproduct recovered, and the net transaction being either completed as a cash purchase or refund, or recorded to a credit or debit card account as fuel purchases at service stations are presently and commonly done.
6. The business process of claim 1 where conversion to said renewable, hydrocarbon-based fuel is done in a manner that yields “carbon credits” deriving from the Kyoto Accord, which is intended to reduce greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide that cause global warming, and where said “carbon credits” thereby yielded are sold or are otherwise converted to monetary or other value, which might include, but is not limited to, selling said “carbon credits” to others who purchase hydrocarbon fuel for vehicles that do not recover or recycle carbon as a fuel byproduct, or where said conversion eliminates a requirement to purchase said “carbon credits.”
7. The business process of claim 1 where implementation and use of said renewable, hydrocarbon-based fuel reduces expenditures, including government expenditures, for pollution control or environmental testing and protection and where the reduction in said expenditures is not equally reflected in lower taxes or other fees paid by citizens to fund the expenditures, but instead, are redirected to government expenditures for other non-environment-related concerns, said implementation and use or said renewable fuel thereby producing a source of government revenue for non-environment-related concerns.
8. A business process where water vapor, which is produced by said pumped-ion, electrochemical engine, or by fuel cells, internal combustion engines or other gas expansion devices that produce work, is not exhausted, but is instead condensed and held in a reservoir until it is removed therefrom, and is reused for the production of a renewable hydrogen-based fuel or for any other use or purpose having value.
9. The business process of claim 11 where a purchase of fuel, or a license or other right to use a quantity of fuel or the hydrogen and/or carbon contained therein, is directly or indirectly reduced by the monetary or other value of a quantity of hydrogen recovered from fuel as water, said fuel purchase and purchase discount, refund, rebate or other fuel-byproduct-credit realized being done in one or more transactions at one or more business entities.
10. The business process of claim 11 where recovery and recycling of water vapor is done in a manner that yields “water vapor credits” similar to said “carbon credits” deriving from the Kyoto Accord, which is intended to reduce greenhouse gases that cause global warming, water vapor being a greenhouse gas, and where said “water vapor credits” thereby yielded are sold or are otherwise converted to monetary or other value, which might include, but is not limited to, selling said “water vapor credits” to purchasers of a vehicles that do not recover and recycle hydrogen as a fuel byproduct in the form of water, or where said conversion eliminates a requirement to purchase said “water vapor credits.”
11. A business process where the value of land is increased by advertising or otherwise communicating its suitability for installation of an array of heliostats that reflect sunlight onto one or more solar-powered, liquid-hydrocarbon-fuel synthesizers, or devices derived therefrom, the increase in value of said land directly or indirectly deriving from the economic value of the fuel, renewable fuel, or other product that might be produced by solar-powered, liquid-hydrocarbon-fuel synthesizers, or a use in combination with said heliostat array, when suitability for a dual use derives from lower ground surface temperatures or an increase in the availability of water that might result as a consequence of the installation of said solar-powered, liquid-hydrocarbon-fuel synthesizer or synthesizers and surrounding heliostats.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/006,427 US20080168009A1 (en) | 2007-01-08 | 2008-01-02 | Business methods of renewable hydrocarbon-based fuel |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US87909607P | 2007-01-08 | 2007-01-08 | |
US96350007P | 2007-08-06 | 2007-08-06 | |
US12/006,427 US20080168009A1 (en) | 2007-01-08 | 2008-01-02 | Business methods of renewable hydrocarbon-based fuel |
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US12/006,418 Expired - Fee Related US7752845B2 (en) | 2007-01-08 | 2008-01-02 | Solar-powered, liquid-hydrocarbon-fuel synthesizer |
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US20080163621A1 (en) | 2008-07-10 |
US7752845B2 (en) | 2010-07-13 |
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