US20080134506A1 - Variable fin density coil - Google Patents
Variable fin density coil Download PDFInfo
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- US20080134506A1 US20080134506A1 US11/998,898 US99889807A US2008134506A1 US 20080134506 A1 US20080134506 A1 US 20080134506A1 US 99889807 A US99889807 A US 99889807A US 2008134506 A1 US2008134506 A1 US 2008134506A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- fins
- fin density
- coil
- fin
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
- F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
- B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
- B21C37/22—Making finned or ribbed tubes by fixing strip or like material to tubes
- B21C37/24—Making finned or ribbed tubes by fixing strip or like material to tubes annularly-ribbed tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
- B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
- B21C37/22—Making finned or ribbed tubes by fixing strip or like material to tubes
- B21C37/26—Making finned or ribbed tubes by fixing strip or like material to tubes helically-ribbed tubes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
- F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
- F24F1/0068—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by the arrangement of refrigerant piping outside the heat exchanger within the unit casing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
- F24F1/06—Separate outdoor units, e.g. outdoor unit to be linked to a separate room comprising a compressor and a heat exchanger
- F24F1/14—Heat exchangers specially adapted for separate outdoor units
- F24F1/18—Heat exchangers specially adapted for separate outdoor units characterised by their shape
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
- F28D1/0477—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being bent in a serpentine or zig-zag
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2215/00—Fins
- F28F2215/04—Assemblies of fins having different features, e.g. with different fin densities
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
- Y10T29/49377—Tube with heat transfer means
- Y10T29/49378—Finned tube
Definitions
- heat-exchanging coils in air conditioning equipment is known in the art as a means of transferring heat from inside of an air-conditioned space to an external heat sink, typically the outdoor environment.
- the heat-exchanging coil is made of one or more tubes that are connected to allow a heat-exchanging medium to flow through the tubes.
- An embodiment of the present invention relates to an improved heat-exchanging coil design for air-conditioning equipment and the manufacturing of heat-exchanging coils for air-conditioning equipment wherein variable fin densities are used depending upon the nature of a particular section, or length, of the tube of the heat exchanging coil, e.g. a straight section, or length, of tube; a section having a bend or sharp curve; or a curved section defined by a relatively large radius of curvature.
- the tube may be provided with a series of fins disposed substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tube at the point of connection between the fin and the outer wall surface of the tube.
- Straight sections of tube may have a first fin density, while bends in the tube may have a second fin density, and the first fin density may be greater than, or unequal to, the second fin density.
- the coil is formed with bends and curved sections having relatively large radii of curvature, the curved section may have a first fin density, while bends in the tube may have a second fin density, and the first fin density may be greater than, or unequal to, the second fin density.
- the second fin density for the bends in the tube may be a constant density or variable along the longitudinal axis of the tube.
- improved heat exchange is achieved by reducing fluid medium flow restrictions.
- the fins at a bend tend to touch or come close to touching each other on one end, because the fins are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tube at the point of contact.
- An alternative method of attaching fins to the tube may include disposing a series of fins along both straight sections of tube and bends in a tube at different densities. For example, a first fin density may be used on the straight lengths of tube, and a second fin density may be used at bends in the tube.
- Each of the fins may be provided with a fin collar that has a diameter that is greater than the initial outer diameter of the tube at the outer wall surface of the tube. The fin collar with its enlarged diameter allows the fins to be disposed at either a first or second fin density along the outer wall surface of tube.
- Another embodiment of the present invention relates to air conditioning systems that utilize heat-exchanging coils with variable fin densities.
- any heat-exchanging coil in an air-conditioning system could be replaced with a variable fin density heat-exchanging coil
- the condenser coil utilizes the variable fin density of the present invention.
- heat exchanging coils Although common materials for constructing heat exchanging coils include aluminum and copper, any material that conducts heat could be used for making a heat exchanging coil tube or fin. Since fewer fins are used at the bends of the tube, cost savings are achieved, since less fin material is used.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of a coil tube with a straight length of tube and a bend in the tube having a variable fin spacing density depending on the tube orientation, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a plan view of a fin with a fin collar
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of another coil, in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view of the coil of FIG. 5 .
- FIG. 1 a typical air conditioning system 10 is illustrated wherein the system 10 is broken into an interior unit 11 and an exterior condensing unit 15 .
- the interior unit 11 includes at least one cooling coil 12 and a fan 16 .
- the interior unit 11 is connected to an air supply ductwork 20 having diffuser grilles 25 for distributing conditioned air into the interior space 30 .
- the interior unit 11 is also connected to a return air inlet 35 .
- the interior unit 11 may be provided with suitable controls to activate the interior unit 11 and to operate interior unit 11 with exterior condensing unit 15 .
- air conditioning system 10 may be of any type or design in that the embodiments herein described may be used with any system 10 that has a coil 40 , 40 ′, 40 ′′ as hereinafter described.
- the exterior condensing unit 15 is located in a heat sink 55 which is typically the outdoor environment, and typically includes at least one condensing unit coil 40 , a fan 45 , a condensing unit compressor 50 , and suitable controls to operate exterior condensing unit 15 with the interior unit 11 , as are well known in the field of air conditioning.
- Refrigeration tubing 60 , 65 containing a refrigerant connects the interior unit 11 and exterior condensing unit 15 to form a closed-loop system.
- the system functions by moving compressed refrigerant from the exterior condensing unit 15 to the interior unit 11 and allowing the compressed refrigerant to expand, and then recompressing the refrigerant with condensing unit compressor 50 at exterior condensing unit 15 .
- Heat from the interior space 30 is transferred to the refrigerant by forcing air from the interior space 30 over the cooling coil 12 by using fan 16 to draw in air from interior space 30 through the return air inlet 35 .
- the refrigerant then returns to the exterior condensing unit 15 with the heat transferred to it from the interior space 30 .
- the heat from the interior space 30 is then transferred to heat sink 55 by forcing a fluid medium, typically outside air, from heat sink 55 across the condensing unit coil 40 with the aid of fan 45 and suitable controls.
- Fan 45 can either draw air inwardly and downwardly from heat sink 55 into the interior 41 of condenser 15 , and outwardly over coil 40 ; or fan 45 can draw air inwardly from heat sink 55 and across coil 40 and draw the air outwardly and upwardly from interior 41 of condenser 15 to heat sink 55 , as shown in FIG. 1 . In either orientation of air flow, fan 45 generally draws air flow over coil 40 at any given location on coil 40 , as will be hereinafter described. The air flow is generally in a direction generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tubing of coil 40 .
- FIG. 2 shows, more specifically, a section, or portion, of a typical heat-exchanging coil tube 70 having an outer wall surface 71 and having both straight sections, or lengths, 72 a , 72 b and a bend, or bend section, 72 c .
- Bend 72 c has an exterior radial wall surface 74 defined by an outer radius of curvature R o and an inner radial wall surface 75 defined by an inner radius of curvature R i wherein R o is generally greater in length than R i .
- Fins 77 are disposed substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axes 76 a , 76 b , 76 c of tube 70 at the point of connection between any fin 77 and tube 70 , and are generally aligned with the airflow, as shown by arrows AF, over the sections 72 a , 72 b , 72 c of the tube 70 .
- a limited number of fins 77 are shown, it being readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in this field of technology that the fins are generally disposed over the entire length of coil tube 70 .
- FIGS. 2 and 3 the direction of airflow A F is illustrated, wherein fan 45 is drawing air inwardly and across coil 40 , and thereafter the air is forced outwardly and upwardly from interior 41 of condenser 15 , as shown in FIG. 1 .
- the ends, or outer circumferential surface, 770 ( FIG. 4 ) of the fins 77 disposed along straight sections 72 a and 72 b of tube 70 are generally equally spaced from each other so as to not impede air flow A F passing over fins 77 and tube sections 72 a , 72 b .
- fins 77 lie in planes which are substantially parallel with each other and are typically spaced substantially an equal distance apart, whereby the fins 77 are disposed on tube sections 72 a , 72 b with the same fin density.
- the fins 77 disposed upon bend section 77 c in FIG. 2 have the same fin density, but due to the presence of the bend, the ends 77 , of the fins 77 disposed along the inner radial wall surface 75 of tube section 72 c are much closer to each other and indeed may contact each other at some locations, thereby obstructing airflow A F over tube section 72 c.
- FIG. 3 shows a section, or portion, of a heat-exchanging coil tube 70 having an outer wall surface 71 and having both straight sections or lengths 72 a , 72 b and a bend, or bend section 72 c , in tube 70 .
- Tube 70 may preferably be constructed of a heat exchanging material, such as copper or aluminum, although any material having the requisite heat transfer and strength characteristics could be used.
- Fins 77 may be constructed of a heat exchanging material, such as copper or aluminum.
- Fins 77 may be made of the same heat exchanging material as tube 70 , or may be a different heat exchanging material from tube 70 .
- Bend 72 c has an exterior radial wall surface 74 defined by an outer radius of curvature R o and an inner radial wall surface 75 defined by an inner radius of curvature R i wherein R o is generally greater in length than R i .
- bend section 72 c is generally shown as approximating a 90° bend, or elbow section, with the straight sections 72 a , 72 b disposed approximately 90° to each other.
- the length of tubing 70 has a longitudinal axis 76 , with the longitudinal axes of sections 72 a , 72 b , and bend 72 c , appearing as 76 a , 76 b , and 76 c , respectively.
- the construction and shape or configuration of the coil 40 will of course affect the angle present between the straight sections 72 a , 72 b and the bend section 72 c or the angle formed by bend section 72 c.
- Fins 77 are disposed substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 76 a , 76 b , 76 c of tube 70 at the point of connection between any fin 77 and tube 70 , and the fins generally aligned with the airflow, as shown by arrows A F , over the sections 72 a , 72 b , 72 c of the tube 70 .
- a limited number of fins 77 are shown, it being readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in this field of technology that the fins are generally disposed over the entire length of coil tube 70 .
- the ends, or outer circumferential surface, 77 o ( FIG. 4 ) of the fins 77 disposed along straight sections 72 a and 72 b of tube 70 are generally equally spaced from each other so as to not impede air flow A F passing over fins 77 and tube sections 72 a , 72 b .
- fins 77 lie in planes which are substantially parallel with each other and are spaced substantially an equal distance apart, whereby the fins 77 are disposed on tube sections 72 a , 72 b with the same fin density, which may be considered, and defined, as a first fin density.
- the fins 77 disposed upon bend section 72 c have a second fin density, the second fin density being different from the first fin density of the fins 77 secured to the sections 72 a , 72 b .
- the second fin density is unequal to the first fin density, and preferably is less than the first fin density.
- the ends 77 o of the fins 77 disposed along the inner radial wall surface 75 of tube section 72 c are spaced apart from each other and do not contact each other, whereby airflow A F over and around the tube section 72 c is not obstructed, and airflow A F may more freely flow over tube section 72 c .
- the second fin density of fins 77 disposed upon bend section, or sharp curve, 72 c may be a constant density, or it may vary along the longitudinal axis of tube 70 within bend section 72 c.
- the straight sections 72 a , 72 b of the tube 70 may have a first fin density that may be approximately between 14 and 24 fins per inch, and the preferred first fin density is between 16 and 20 fins per inch.
- the bend section 72 c in tube 70 has a second fin density that may be approximately between 6 and 13 fins per inch, and the preferred second fin density is between 8 to 13 fins per inch.
- a tube 70 with two fin densities generally requires a tube 70 that has at least one straight section 72 a or 72 b and one bend section 72 c in the tube 70 .
- Fins 77 are then disposed along the outer wall surface 71 of tube 70 at either a first or second fin density dependent upon the location of the fins 77 .
- Fins 77 are then attached to tube 70 .
- Fins 77 may be attached to the tube 70 by a variety of methods.
- One method of attaching, or securing, fins 77 to the tube 70 is by helically wrapping fins 77 around tube 70 at either a first or second fin density based upon which section of the tube the fins will be attached, i.e. straight lengths 72 a or 72 b or bend section 72 c .
- the fins 77 are then secured by either a mechanical or welding fastening method to tube 70 .
- other fastening techniques and materials could be used such as epoxy bonding.
- fins 77 Another preferred method of attaching, or securing, fins 77 to tube 70 is by disposing fins 77 along tube 70 at a first fin density where both straight sections 72 a , 72 b will occur, or be present, and disposing fins 77 upon tube 70 at a second fin density where the bend section 72 c will occur, or be present, wherein fins 77 include a fin collar 95 , shown in FIG. 4 .
- Fin collar 95 has a diameter D F that is greater than the initial outer diameter of tube 70 to allow fins 77 to be disposed at either a first or second fin density along the outer wall surface 71 of tube 70 .
- tube 70 is then expanded from its first original tube exterior diameter to a second enlarged or expanded exterior diameter.
- the second diameter is greater, generally slightly greater, than the diameter D F of fin collars 95 . Because the diameter D F of fin collars 95 is smaller than the second enlarged exterior diameter, fins 77 are mechanically secured along the outer wall surface 71 of tube 70 .
- the tube is then bent, or otherwise suitably formed, into its desired configuration, whereby the tube 70 has straight sections 72 a , 72 b and bend section 72 c.
- a method of manufacturing a coil 40 ′ with a tube 70 for use in air-conditioning equipment comprises several steps. First, a tube 70 , with an outer wall surface 71 with at least one straight length 72 a or 72 b of tube 70 and at least one bend section 72 c in the tube 70 , is provided or utilized. Fins 77 are then disposed along the outer wall surface 71 substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axes ( 76 a , 76 b , and 76 c ) at the point of connection between fin 77 and the outer wall surface 71 . The fins 77 are disposed at either a first or second find density based upon the orientation of tube 70 , i.e.
- the fin density for the straight sections 72 a and 72 b of tube 70 is unequal to the fin density for fins 77 on bend section 72 c of tube 70 .
- the fin density for the straight sections 72 a and 72 b of tube 70 is greater than the fin density for fins 77 on end section 72 c of tube 70 .
- the fins 77 may then be attached or secured to tube 70 by one of the methods previously described or by other suitable fastening methods.
- the tube 70 may then be bent, or otherwise suitably formed, into the desired configuration, whereby the tube 70 has straight sections 72 a , 72 b and bend section 72 c.
- a portion of a heat-exchanging coil tube 40 ′′ may include one or more tubes, or lengths of sections of tubing for the refrigerant to flow through, 70 ′.
- the construction of coil 40 ′′ includes a plurality of heat-exchanging coil tubes 70 ′, and coil 40 ′′ is substantially of the same construction and design as that previously described in connection with FIGS. 1 , 3 and 4 .
- the tubes 70 ′ of coil 40 ′′ include bends, or bend sections, 72 c having an outer radius of curvature R o and an inner radius of curvature R i , wherein R o is generally greater in length than R i .
- coil 40 ′′ of FIGS. 5 and 6 differs from coil 40 ′ of FIG. 3 in that instead of having straight sections, or lengths, 72 a , 72 b , as shown in FIG. 3 , coil 40 ′′ includes curved sections, or lengths, 72 ′ a and 72 ′ b which are defined by relatively large radii of curvature R′ o and R′ i which define the exterior radial wall surface and interior radial wall surfaces of curve section 72 ′ a and 72 ′ b .
- the outer radius of curvature R′ o is generally greater in length than the inner radius of curvature R′ i .
- Fins 77 may be attached, or otherwise suitably secured to tubes 70 ′ in the manner previously described in connection with FIGS. 3 and 4 , including utilizing unequal fin densities for bend sections 72 c and sections 72 ′ a and 72 ′ b.
- curve section 72 ′ a and 72 ′ b approximate straight sections 72 a and 72 b of FIG. 3 .
- straight section is defined to include both straight sections 72 a , 72 b , and curved sections 72 ′ a and 72 ′ b .
- the method of manufacturing coil 40 ′′ may differ from that previously described in connection with coil 40 ′ in that as the tube 70 ′ is bent, or otherwise suitably formed, into the desired configuration whereby the tube 70 ′ has bend section 72 c , it is also bent, or otherwise suitably formed, into the desired configuration, whereby the tube 70 ′ has curved sections 72 ′ a , and 72 ′ b.
Abstract
Description
- This application claims the benefit, and priority benefit, of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/873,096, filed Dec. 6, 2006, entitled Variable Fin Density Coil.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- This invention relates to heat exchanging coils in air conditioning equipment, and more particularly to use of, manufacture of, or systems with variable fin densities in lieu of constant fin densities on the heat-exchanging coils to reduce air flow restrictions at bends in the heat-exchanging coil to achieve greater efficiencies and cost savings.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- The use of heat-exchanging coils in air conditioning equipment is known in the art as a means of transferring heat from inside of an air-conditioned space to an external heat sink, typically the outdoor environment. The heat-exchanging coil is made of one or more tubes that are connected to allow a heat-exchanging medium to flow through the tubes.
- The tubes have a series of protrusions, or fins, that are attached or secured to the exterior of the tubes by various methods and generally are disposed in planes substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tubes at the point of connection. The fins increase the convective and conductive heat exchange as a fluid medium, typically air, is forced over the heat-exchanging coil by increasing the surface area for heat exchange between the heat-exchange medium inside of the tubes and the fluid medium passing over the tubes. The reason that the fins are typically disposed substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tubes at the point of contact is an attempt to minimize any restrictions in the fluid medium flow as it is forced over the heat-exchanging coil.
- The spacing, or fin density, of the fins along the tube is commonly referred to, or measured, as “fins per inch,” or generally the number of fins along a one-inch length of tube. In prior art coils, the fin density is consistent, or constant, no matter the location on the tube where it is measured, i.e., on a straight section of tube or on a bend in the tube. The result is that the fins located on bends in the heat-exchanging coil tube tend to restrict the fluid medium flow over the fins and the tube because the ends of the fins on the interior radial surface of the tube come close to touching or actually touch, thus restricting, or impeding, the air flow between the fins. This restriction in airflow caused by the fins at bends in the tube decreases the efficiency of the heat-exchanging coil, because the area of heat exchange is decreased due to the air restriction at the bend in the tube.
- An embodiment of the present invention relates to an improved heat-exchanging coil design for air-conditioning equipment and the manufacturing of heat-exchanging coils for air-conditioning equipment wherein variable fin densities are used depending upon the nature of a particular section, or length, of the tube of the heat exchanging coil, e.g. a straight section, or length, of tube; a section having a bend or sharp curve; or a curved section defined by a relatively large radius of curvature.
- The tube may be provided with a series of fins disposed substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tube at the point of connection between the fin and the outer wall surface of the tube. Straight sections of tube may have a first fin density, while bends in the tube may have a second fin density, and the first fin density may be greater than, or unequal to, the second fin density. Similarly, if the coil is formed with bends and curved sections having relatively large radii of curvature, the curved section may have a first fin density, while bends in the tube may have a second fin density, and the first fin density may be greater than, or unequal to, the second fin density. The second fin density for the bends in the tube may be a constant density or variable along the longitudinal axis of the tube. By using different fin densities based upon the tube orientation, or location on the tube, i.e., straight section, curved section, or at a bend, improved heat exchange is achieved by reducing fluid medium flow restrictions. In a constant fin density heat-exchanging coil, the fins at a bend tend to touch or come close to touching each other on one end, because the fins are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tube at the point of contact.
- An embodiment of the present invention relates to manufacturing of heat-exchanging coils with variable fin densities employing various methods for securing fins to the tube. For example, fins may be attached to a heat-exchanging coil tube by helically wrapping fins around the tube with either a first or second fin density. The wrapped fins may then be secured by either a mechanical or welded fastening method.
- An alternative method of attaching fins to the tube may include disposing a series of fins along both straight sections of tube and bends in a tube at different densities. For example, a first fin density may be used on the straight lengths of tube, and a second fin density may be used at bends in the tube. Each of the fins may be provided with a fin collar that has a diameter that is greater than the initial outer diameter of the tube at the outer wall surface of the tube. The fin collar with its enlarged diameter allows the fins to be disposed at either a first or second fin density along the outer wall surface of tube. After the fins are disposed along the outer wall surface of tube, the tube may then be expanded from a first tube exterior diameter to a second, enlarged or expanded, tube exterior diameter that is greater than the diameter of the fin collars. Because the diameter of the fin collars is smaller than the second tube exterior diameter, the fins disposed along the tube at a first or second fin density are secured along the outer wall surface of tube by a mechanical bond.
- Another embodiment of the present invention relates to air conditioning systems that utilize heat-exchanging coils with variable fin densities. Although any heat-exchanging coil in an air-conditioning system could be replaced with a variable fin density heat-exchanging coil, in a preferred embodiment the condenser coil utilizes the variable fin density of the present invention.
- Although common materials for constructing heat exchanging coils include aluminum and copper, any material that conducts heat could be used for making a heat exchanging coil tube or fin. Since fewer fins are used at the bends of the tube, cost savings are achieved, since less fin material is used.
- These embodiments of manufacture, methods, and products of the present invention beneficially provide enhanced efficiencies and costs savings benefits over prior art coils by reducing air-flow restrictions at bends in a coil, and by decreasing the amount of material used at a bend in a coil, or tube.
- The objects, advantages and features of the embodiments of the invention will become more apparent by reference to the drawings appended thereto, wherein like reference numerals indicate like parts, primed reference numerals indicate parts of similar design, and wherein illustrated embodiments of the invention are shown, of which:
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic elevation view of a standard air conditioning system with a condensing unit located externally of the space being air conditioned; -
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a portion of a coil tube with a straight length of tube and a bend in the tube and having a constant fin spacing density for both the straight length of tube and the bend in the tube, in accordance with the prior art; -
FIG. 3 is a plan view of a coil tube with a straight length of tube and a bend in the tube having a variable fin spacing density depending on the tube orientation, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 4 is a plan view of a fin with a fin collar; -
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of another coil, in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention; and -
FIG. 6 is a plan view of the coil ofFIG. 5 . - While embodiments of the invention will be described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown herein, it will be understood that it is not intended to limit the invention to those embodiments. On the contrary, it is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents, as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
- Referring to
FIG. 1 , a typicalair conditioning system 10 is illustrated wherein thesystem 10 is broken into aninterior unit 11 and anexterior condensing unit 15. Theinterior unit 11 includes at least onecooling coil 12 and afan 16. Theinterior unit 11 is connected to anair supply ductwork 20 havingdiffuser grilles 25 for distributing conditioned air into the interior space 30. Theinterior unit 11 is also connected to areturn air inlet 35. Theinterior unit 11 may be provided with suitable controls to activate theinterior unit 11 and to operateinterior unit 11 withexterior condensing unit 15. It should be understood by one of ordinary skill in the air conditioning field, thatair conditioning system 10 may be of any type or design in that the embodiments herein described may be used with anysystem 10 that has acoil - The
exterior condensing unit 15 is located in aheat sink 55 which is typically the outdoor environment, and typically includes at least onecondensing unit coil 40, afan 45, acondensing unit compressor 50, and suitable controls to operateexterior condensing unit 15 with theinterior unit 11, as are well known in the field of air conditioning. -
Refrigeration tubing interior unit 11 andexterior condensing unit 15 to form a closed-loop system. The system functions by moving compressed refrigerant from theexterior condensing unit 15 to theinterior unit 11 and allowing the compressed refrigerant to expand, and then recompressing the refrigerant withcondensing unit compressor 50 atexterior condensing unit 15. - Heat from the interior space 30 is transferred to the refrigerant by forcing air from the interior space 30 over the
cooling coil 12 by usingfan 16 to draw in air from interior space 30 through thereturn air inlet 35. The refrigerant then returns to theexterior condensing unit 15 with the heat transferred to it from the interior space 30. The heat from the interior space 30 is then transferred to heatsink 55 by forcing a fluid medium, typically outside air, fromheat sink 55 across thecondensing unit coil 40 with the aid offan 45 and suitable controls. -
Fan 45 can either draw air inwardly and downwardly fromheat sink 55 into theinterior 41 ofcondenser 15, and outwardly overcoil 40; orfan 45 can draw air inwardly fromheat sink 55 and acrosscoil 40 and draw the air outwardly and upwardly frominterior 41 ofcondenser 15 to heatsink 55, as shown inFIG. 1 . In either orientation of air flow,fan 45 generally draws air flow overcoil 40 at any given location oncoil 40, as will be hereinafter described. The air flow is generally in a direction generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tubing ofcoil 40. - With reference to
FIG. 2 , a portion of a heat-exchanging coil 40 (FIG. 1 ) according to the prior art is shown.Coil 40 may include one or more tubes, or lengths of tubing, for the refrigerant to flow through.FIG. 2 shows, more specifically, a section, or portion, of a typical heat-exchangingcoil tube 70 having anouter wall surface 71 and having both straight sections, or lengths, 72 a, 72 b and a bend, or bend section, 72 c.Bend 72 c has an exteriorradial wall surface 74 defined by an outer radius of curvature Ro and an innerradial wall surface 75 defined by an inner radius of curvature Ri wherein Ro is generally greater in length than Ri. - As shown in
FIG. 2 ,bend section 72 c is generally shown as approximating a 90° bend, or elbow section, with thestraight sections tubing 70 has alongitudinal axis 76, with the longitudinal axes ofsections coil 40, will of course affect the actual angle present between thestraight sections bend section 72 c, or the angle formed bybend section 72 c. In the prior art,fins 77, as shown inFIG. 2 , are disposed at a constant fin density that is the same for both thestraight sections bend section 72 c. -
Fins 77 are disposed substantially perpendicular to thelongitudinal axes tube 70 at the point of connection between anyfin 77 andtube 70, and are generally aligned with the airflow, as shown by arrows AF, over thesections tube 70. For illustrative purposes and drawing clarity only, a limited number offins 77 are shown, it being readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in this field of technology that the fins are generally disposed over the entire length ofcoil tube 70. InFIGS. 2 and 3 the direction of airflow AF is illustrated, whereinfan 45 is drawing air inwardly and acrosscoil 40, and thereafter the air is forced outwardly and upwardly from interior 41 ofcondenser 15, as shown inFIG. 1 . - As shown in
FIG. 2 the ends, or outer circumferential surface, 770 (FIG. 4 ) of thefins 77 disposed alongstraight sections tube 70 are generally equally spaced from each other so as to not impede air flow AF passing overfins 77 andtube sections general fins 77 lie in planes which are substantially parallel with each other and are typically spaced substantially an equal distance apart, whereby thefins 77 are disposed ontube sections - Similarly the
fins 77 disposed upon bend section 77 c inFIG. 2 have the same fin density, but due to the presence of the bend, the ends 77, of thefins 77 disposed along the innerradial wall surface 75 oftube section 72 c are much closer to each other and indeed may contact each other at some locations, thereby obstructing airflow AF overtube section 72 c. - With reference to
FIG. 3 , a portion of a heat-exchangingcoil tube 40′ according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, and may include one or more tubes, or lengths or sections of tubing, for the refrigerant to flow through.FIG. 3 shows a section, or portion, of a heat-exchangingcoil tube 70 having anouter wall surface 71 and having both straight sections orlengths section 72 c, intube 70.Tube 70 may preferably be constructed of a heat exchanging material, such as copper or aluminum, although any material having the requisite heat transfer and strength characteristics could be used.Fins 77 may be constructed of a heat exchanging material, such as copper or aluminum.Fins 77 may be made of the same heat exchanging material astube 70, or may be a different heat exchanging material fromtube 70.Bend 72 c has an exteriorradial wall surface 74 defined by an outer radius of curvature Ro and an innerradial wall surface 75 defined by an inner radius of curvature Ri wherein Ro is generally greater in length than Ri. - As shown in
FIG. 3 ,bend section 72 c is generally shown as approximating a 90° bend, or elbow section, with thestraight sections tubing 70 has alongitudinal axis 76, with the longitudinal axes ofsections coil 40, will of course affect the angle present between thestraight sections bend section 72 c or the angle formed bybend section 72 c. -
Fins 77 are disposed substantially perpendicular to thelongitudinal axis tube 70 at the point of connection between anyfin 77 andtube 70, and the fins generally aligned with the airflow, as shown by arrows AF, over thesections tube 70. For illustrative purposes and drawing clarity only, a limited number offins 77 are shown, it being readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in this field of technology that the fins are generally disposed over the entire length ofcoil tube 70. - As shown in
FIG. 3 the ends, or outer circumferential surface, 77 o (FIG. 4 ) of thefins 77 disposed alongstraight sections tube 70 are generally equally spaced from each other so as to not impede air flow AF passing overfins 77 andtube sections general fins 77 lie in planes which are substantially parallel with each other and are spaced substantially an equal distance apart, whereby thefins 77 are disposed ontube sections - In
FIG. 3 , thefins 77 disposed uponbend section 72 c have a second fin density, the second fin density being different from the first fin density of thefins 77 secured to thesections fins 77 disposed upon, or secured to, theouter wall surface 71 of thebend section 72 c. Preferably, there are fewer fins onwall surface 71 of thebend section 72 c. As seen inFIG. 3 , the ends 77 o of thefins 77 disposed along the innerradial wall surface 75 of tube section 72 c are spaced apart from each other and do not contact each other, whereby airflow AF over and around thetube section 72 c is not obstructed, and airflow AF may more freely flow overtube section 72 c. Additionally, if desired the second fin density offins 77 disposed upon bend section, or sharp curve, 72 c may be a constant density, or it may vary along the longitudinal axis oftube 70 withinbend section 72 c. - The
straight sections tube 70 may have a first fin density that may be approximately between 14 and 24 fins per inch, and the preferred first fin density is between 16 and 20 fins per inch. Thebend section 72 c intube 70 has a second fin density that may be approximately between 6 and 13 fins per inch, and the preferred second fin density is between 8 to 13 fins per inch. By having two different fin densities and varying the fin density based upon the location of thefins 77 ontube 70, the airflow acrosstube 70 atbend section 72 c is not restricted to the same degree as the constant fin density spacing arrangement ontube 70, shown inFIG. 2 . - To manufacture a
tube 70 with two fin densities generally requires atube 70 that has at least onestraight section bend section 72 c in thetube 70.Fins 77 are then disposed along theouter wall surface 71 oftube 70 at either a first or second fin density dependent upon the location of thefins 77.Fins 77 are then attached totube 70.Fins 77 may be attached to thetube 70 by a variety of methods. One method of attaching, or securing,fins 77 to thetube 70, for example, is by helically wrappingfins 77 aroundtube 70 at either a first or second fin density based upon which section of the tube the fins will be attached, i.e.straight lengths bend section 72 c. Thefins 77 are then secured by either a mechanical or welding fastening method totube 70. Of course other fastening techniques and materials could be used such as epoxy bonding. - Another preferred method of attaching, or securing,
fins 77 totube 70 is by disposingfins 77 alongtube 70 at a first fin density where bothstraight sections fins 77 upontube 70 at a second fin density where thebend section 72 c will occur, or be present, whereinfins 77 include afin collar 95, shown inFIG. 4 .Fin collar 95 has a diameter DF that is greater than the initial outer diameter oftube 70 to allowfins 77 to be disposed at either a first or second fin density along theouter wall surface 71 oftube 70. After thefins 77 are disposed along theouter wall surface 71 oftube 70 at a first or second fin density based upon the orientation of thetube 70—straight or having a bend—tube 70 is then expanded from its first original tube exterior diameter to a second enlarged or expanded exterior diameter. The second diameter is greater, generally slightly greater, than the diameter DF offin collars 95. Because the diameter DF offin collars 95 is smaller than the second enlarged exterior diameter,fins 77 are mechanically secured along theouter wall surface 71 oftube 70. The tube is then bent, or otherwise suitably formed, into its desired configuration, whereby thetube 70 hasstraight sections bend section 72 c. - A method of manufacturing a
coil 40′ with atube 70 for use in air-conditioning equipment comprises several steps. First, atube 70, with anouter wall surface 71 with at least onestraight length tube 70 and at least onebend section 72 c in thetube 70, is provided or utilized.Fins 77 are then disposed along theouter wall surface 71 substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axes (76 a, 76 b, and 76 c) at the point of connection betweenfin 77 and theouter wall surface 71. Thefins 77 are disposed at either a first or second find density based upon the orientation oftube 70, i.e. where thestraight sections bend section 72 c are to occur, or be present. The fin density for thestraight sections tube 70 is unequal to the fin density forfins 77 onbend section 72 c oftube 70. Preferably, the fin density for thestraight sections tube 70 is greater than the fin density forfins 77 onend section 72 c oftube 70. Thefins 77 may then be attached or secured totube 70 by one of the methods previously described or by other suitable fastening methods. Thetube 70 may then be bent, or otherwise suitably formed, into the desired configuration, whereby thetube 70 hasstraight sections bend section 72 c. - With reference to
FIGS. 5 and 6 , a portion of a heat-exchangingcoil tube 40″ according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, and may include one or more tubes, or lengths of sections of tubing for the refrigerant to flow through, 70′. The construction ofcoil 40″ includes a plurality of heat-exchangingcoil tubes 70′, andcoil 40″ is substantially of the same construction and design as that previously described in connection withFIGS. 1 , 3 and 4. Thetubes 70′ ofcoil 40″ include bends, or bend sections, 72 c having an outer radius of curvature Ro and an inner radius of curvature Ri, wherein Ro is generally greater in length than Ri. The embodiment ofcoil 40″ ofFIGS. 5 and 6 differs fromcoil 40′ ofFIG. 3 in that instead of having straight sections, or lengths, 72 a, 72 b, as shown inFIG. 3 ,coil 40″ includes curved sections, or lengths, 72′a and 72′b which are defined by relatively large radii of curvature R′o and R′i which define the exterior radial wall surface and interior radial wall surfaces of curve section 72′a and 72′b. Again, the outer radius of curvature R′o is generally greater in length than the inner radius of curvature R′i.Fins 77 may be attached, or otherwise suitably secured totubes 70′ in the manner previously described in connection withFIGS. 3 and 4 , including utilizing unequal fin densities forbend sections 72 c and sections 72′a and 72′b. - As seen in
FIGS. 5 and 6 , curve section 72′a and 72′b approximatestraight sections FIG. 3 . Thus, as used in the claims appended hereto, the use of the term “straight section” is defined to include bothstraight sections coil 40″ may differ from that previously described in connection withcoil 40′ in that as thetube 70′ is bent, or otherwise suitably formed, into the desired configuration whereby thetube 70′ hasbend section 72 c, it is also bent, or otherwise suitably formed, into the desired configuration, whereby thetube 70′ has curved sections 72′a, and 72′b. - Having described certain embodiments of the invention, various modifications and changes of the techniques, procedures, components and equipment will be apparent to those skilled in the art. It is intended that all such variations within the scope and spirit of the appended claims be embraced thereby.
Claims (25)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/998,898 US20080134506A1 (en) | 2006-12-06 | 2007-12-03 | Variable fin density coil |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US87309606P | 2006-12-06 | 2006-12-06 | |
US11/998,898 US20080134506A1 (en) | 2006-12-06 | 2007-12-03 | Variable fin density coil |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20080134506A1 true US20080134506A1 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
Family
ID=39521204
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/998,898 Abandoned US20080134506A1 (en) | 2006-12-06 | 2007-12-03 | Variable fin density coil |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20080134506A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2614318A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100033923A1 (en) * | 2008-08-06 | 2010-02-11 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Liquid-cooled rack with optimized rack heat exchanger design for non-uniform power dissipation |
US20160018168A1 (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2016-01-21 | Nicholas F. Urbanski | Angled Tube Fins to Support Shell Side Flow |
US9735083B1 (en) | 2016-04-18 | 2017-08-15 | International Business Machines Corporation | Adjustable heat sink fin spacing |
DE102016008344A1 (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2017-10-19 | Schmöle GmbH | Method for producing a finned tube and finned tube |
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US20100033923A1 (en) * | 2008-08-06 | 2010-02-11 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Liquid-cooled rack with optimized rack heat exchanger design for non-uniform power dissipation |
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US9735083B1 (en) | 2016-04-18 | 2017-08-15 | International Business Machines Corporation | Adjustable heat sink fin spacing |
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US10088244B2 (en) | 2016-04-18 | 2018-10-02 | International Business Machines Corporation | Adjustable heat sink fin spacing |
US10584924B2 (en) | 2016-04-18 | 2020-03-10 | International Business Machines Corporation | Adjustable heat sink fin spacing |
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US11035625B2 (en) | 2016-04-18 | 2021-06-15 | International Business Machines Corporation | Adjustable heat sink fin spacing |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2614318A1 (en) | 2008-06-06 |
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