US20020186952A1 - Compact optical amplifier module - Google Patents
Compact optical amplifier module Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20020186952A1 US20020186952A1 US09/877,954 US87795401A US2002186952A1 US 20020186952 A1 US20020186952 A1 US 20020186952A1 US 87795401 A US87795401 A US 87795401A US 2002186952 A1 US2002186952 A1 US 2002186952A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- amplifier module
- optical amplifier
- module according
- housing
- gain medium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06704—Housings; Packages
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06754—Fibre amplifiers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
- H01S3/0941—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a laser diode
- H01S3/09415—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a laser diode the pumping beam being parallel to the lasing mode of the pumped medium, e.g. end-pumping
Definitions
- the present invention relates to compact optical amplifiers.
- Optical communication systems based on glass optical fibers allow communication signals to be transmitted not only over long distances with low attenuation, but also at extremely high data rates, or bandwidth capacity. This capability arises from the propagation of a single optical signal mode in the low-loss windows of glass located at the near-infrared wavelengths of 850, 1310, and 1550 nm. Since the introduction of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), the last decade has witnessed the emergence of single-mode GOF as the standard data transmission medium for wide area networks (WANs), especially in terrestrial and transoceanic communication backbones.
- WANs wide area networks
- Rare earth doped optical amplifiers are emerging as the predominant optical signal amplification device for every aspect of optical communication networks spanning from repeaters, pre-amplifiers, and power boosters to wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) systems. These amplifiers are suitable for long-haul, submarine, metro, community antenna television (CATV) and local area networks.
- An optical amplifier amplifies an optical signal directly in the optical domain without converting the signal into an electrical signal and reconverting the electrical signal back to an optical signal.
- optical amplifier assemblies include a number of commercially available optical components, such as optical isolators, erbium doped optical fibers, wavelength division multiplexing couplers, tap couplers, etc., which are fusion spliced together to form the optical part of an optical amplifier module.
- the electronics driving circuitry part of the optical amplifier is built on a separate platform, typically on a printed circuit board.
- the electronics board and the optical part are separate and are located in two different parts of the amplifier module.
- Such a multi-layer approach is suitable for complicated, multi-stage amplifiers used in long-haul optical communication systems.
- an optical network nears the local area level, due to vast signal splitting, a more compact, low-cost, and easy to manufacture approach is needed.
- the present invention provides an optical amplifier module.
- the optical amplifier module comprises a housing having an interior length and an interior width generally shorter than the interior length and an electronic control board disposed within the housing.
- the electronic control board includes a plurality of electronically connected components.
- the optical amplifier module further comprises a gain medium disposed in the housing in a generally circularly spiral shape, such that the gain medium has a radius of curvature approximately one half the interior width of the housing.
- the optical amplifier further comprises a pump laser electronically connected to the electronic control board and optically connected to the gain medium.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of an optical amplifier module according to the present invention, with a top cover of the module removed.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the optical amplifier according to FIG. 1, taken along line 2 - 2 of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic drawing of the components in the optical amplifier module.
- the present invention is an optical amplifier module 10 , which is preferably used in an optical network near the local area level.
- the optical amplifier module 10 can also be used in the wide area level and, with appropriate environmental shielding known by those skilled in the art, terrestrial and transoceanic networks as well.
- the optical amplifier module 10 includes a plurality of optical components 100 and an electronic control board 200 disposed within a housing 300 .
- the optical components 100 include an input 102 and an output 104 . Optically disposed between the input 102 and the output 104 , from left to right, as shown in FIG.
- optical components 100 including an input medium 112 optically connecting a gain equalization filter 114 , a first optical isolator 116 , and a first wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) 118 ; a gain medium 120 , such as an erbium doped fiber (EDF), where the gain medium 120 has a first end optically connected to the input medium 112 and a second end; and an output medium 122 optically connected to the second end of the gain medium 120 , wherein the output medium 122 optically connects a second WDM 124 , a second optical isolator 126 , and an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) filter 128 .
- the optical components 100 described above comprise a signal line 111 which extends in a first direction from the input 102 to the output 104 , along which a signal light ⁇ S is transmitted.
- optical components 100 when the optical components 100 are said to be “optically connected”, light signals can be transmitted between the optical components 100 . Additionally, when other optical components 100 are said to be “optically disposed” between first and second optical components, light signals can be transmitted between the first and second components serially through the other optical components 100 .
- the input medium 112 and the output medium 122 are both optical fibers, although those skilled in the art will recognize that other light transmitting media, such as waveguides and free space, can be used.
- connections between the input medium 112 and the equalization filter 114 , the first optical isolator 116 , and the first WDM 118 as well as the connections between the output medium 122 and the second WDM 124 , the second optical isolator 126 , and the ASE filter 128 are made by pigtailing, a technique well known in the art, which will not be described in detail herein.
- the gain medium 120 is preferably an erbium doped fiber, fibers doped with other rare earth elements, or combinations of other rare earth elements or other metal elements, as disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/507,582, filed Feb. 18, 2000, Ser. No. 09/722,821, filed Nov. 28, 2000, and Ser. No. 09/722,822, filed November 28, 2000, which are owned by the assignee of the present application, and which are incorporated herein in their entirety, can be used.
- the input medium 112 , the gain medium 120 , and the output medium 122 are preferably manufactured from a polymer, those skilled in the art will recognize that the input medium 112 , the gain medium 120 , and the output medium 122 can also be manufactured from a glass or other light transmitting medium. Also, although the input medium 112 , the gain medium 120 , and the output medium 122 are preferably fibers, those skilled in the art will recognize that the input medium 112 , the gain medium 120 , and the output medium 122 can also be waveguides or other doped photon transmitting devices.
- a pump laser 130 is optically connected to the signal line 111 through a pump line 132 .
- a first end of the pump line 132 is optically connected to the output of the pump laser 130 and a second end of the pump line 132 is optically connected to the first WDM 118 , which optically combines a pump light ⁇ P from the pump laser 130 with the signal light ⁇ S from the signal line 111 .
- the pump laser 130 is either a 980 nanometer or a 1480 nanometer laser, having an output power of between approximately 50 mW and 300 mW, although those skilled in the art will recognize that other types of pump lasers having different wavelengths and different output power ranges can be used.
- the pump laser 130 preferably uses a 5 volt power source, although those skilled in the art will recognize that the pump laser 130 can use a power source more or less than 5 volts.
- a pump discharge line 134 can be optically connected to the signal line 111 at the second WDM 124 .
- the second WDM 124 separates the signal light ⁇ S from any residual pump light ⁇ P and discharges the pump light ⁇ P out the pump discharge line 134 .
- the second WDM 124 and the pump discharge line 134 can be omitted, and the pump light ⁇ P can be allowed to dissipate along the output medium 122 .
- the gain equalization filter 114 and the ASE filter 128 can be omitted, although with potential loss of amplification capability of the amplifier module 10 .
- the gain equalization filter 114 can be optically disposed in the signal line 111 between the gain medium 120 and the output 104 .
- the electronic control board 200 controls operation of the pump laser 130 .
- the board 200 includes an electronic input 210 , which provides connections for power and control of the pump laser 130 .
- the board 200 also includes an electronic output 220 , which is electronically connected to the pump laser 130 from an outside source (not shown).
- the electronic output 220 provides power and control functions to the pump laser 130 .
- the board 200 also includes a plurality of electronically connected components 230 which control the pump laser 130 , such as transistors 232 , adjusting coolers 234 , and a power input 236 .
- the electronic control board 200 is disclosed in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______ (Attorney Docket No. PHX-0013), filed on even date, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- the board 200 includes a cutout 240 which is skewed relative to orthogonal dimensions of the housing 300 .
- the pump laser 130 is disposed within the cutout 240 .
- the skewness is approximately 40-50 degrees with respect to the housing 300 , although those skilled in the art will recognize that the skewness can be other angles as well.
- the cutout 240 is located proximate to a corner of the housing 300 . The skewness of the cutout 240 and the proximity of the cutout 240 to the corner minimize the space required for the pump laser 130 within the housing 300 while maximizing a radius of curvature R of the pump line 132 , as will be discussed in more detail later herein.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 A preferred arrangement of the components of the amplifier module 10 is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the housing 300 is used to contain the optical components 100 and the electronic control board 200 .
- the housing 300 has a bottom portion 310 and a top portion (not shown).
- the top portion is removably secured to the bottom portion 310 with a known securing mechanism, such as at least one screw, although those skilled in the art will recognize that the top portion can be secured to the bottom portion 310 by other methods as well.
- the housing 300 is constructed from aluminum or an aluminum alloy. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that other materials, including, but not limited to, metal loaded polymers, can be used.
- the housing 300 has a pair of opposing longer side walls 302 having a longer interior length and a pair of opposing shorter side walls 304 having a shorter interior length, connecting each of the longer side walls 302 .
- the side walls 302 , 304 , together with a bottom 305 form a cavity in which the optical components 100 and the control board 200 are disposed.
- the control board 200 is disposed along the bottom 305 of the housing 300 .
- the control board 200 is thermally connected to the bottom portion 310 of the housing 300 to enhance dissipation of heat generated by the electronically connected components 230 in the control board 200 .
- the transistors 232 on the control board 200 are fixedly connected to the bottom portion 310 of the housing 300 with thermally conducting material, such as metal screws 233 , which further enhance heat dissipation.
- the transistors 232 are preferably located against one of the longer or shorter side walls 302 , 304 of the housing 300 to provide additional surface contact and further enhanced heat dissipation.
- the electronic input 210 preferably extends through a side wall 302 , 304 of the housing 300 , those skilled in the art will recognize that the electronic input 210 can extend through the top portion (not shown) or the bottom 305 of the housing 300 .
- the gain medium 120 is disposed in the housing 300 in a generally circularly spiral shape such that portions of the gain medium 120 vertically overlap other portions of the gain medium 120 .
- the gain medium 120 is approximately 20 meters in length, although those skilled in the art will recognize that the gain medium 120 can be more or less than 20 meters in length.
- the gain medium 120 has a radius of curvature R approximately one half the shorter side 304 of the housing 300 .
- the gain medium 120 is preferably disposed within the housing 300 such that the gain medium 120 engages or is proximate to side walls 302 , 304 of the housing 300 at three locations at approximate 90 degree intervals.
- the radius of curvature R of the gain medium 120 is maximized with respect to the interior of the housing 300 . Since some light is lost from the gain medium 120 due to bends in the gain medium 120 , maximizing the radius of curvature R of the gain medium 120 minimizes losses of the signal light ⁇ S and the pump light ⁇ P due to the bending of the gain medium 120 .
- the gain medium 120 can be disposed along all of the side walls 302 , 304 such that the gain medium 120 is generally oval shaped, with a radius of curvature R proximate the shorter side walls 302 and generally straight portions along the longer sides 304 .
- a longer gain medium 120 can be utilized with the approximately the same bending losses as the generally circular design described above and shown in FIG. 1, providing potentially increased amplification ability of the amplifier 100 .
- the input medium 112 includes a generally straight input portion 140 that extends through a side wall 302 , 304 of the housing 300 and a curved input portion 142 that generally runs along the interior wall of the shorter side wall 304 of the housing 300 and has a radius of curvature R approximately equal to the radius of curvature R of the gain medium 120 .
- the input medium 112 straightens out along the interior wall of each of the longer side walls 302 of the housing 300 , where the input medium 112 is optically connected to the gain equalization filter 114 , the first optical isolator 116 , and the first WDM 118 .
- the input medium 112 may curve along the interior wall of the shorter side wall 304 of the housing 300 between optically connected optical components 100 , again preferably with a radius of curvature R approximately equal to that of the gain medium 120 .
- the output medium 122 includes a generally straight output portion 144 that extends through a side wall 302 , 304 of the housing 300 and a curved output portion 146 that generally runs along the interior wall of the shorter side wall 304 of the housing 300 and has a radius of curvature R approximately equal to the radius of curvature R of the gain medium 120 .
- the output medium 122 straightens out along the interior wall of each of the longer side walls 302 of the housing 300 , where the output medium 122 is optically connected to the second WDM 124 , the second optical isolator 126 , and the ASE filter 128 .
- the output medium 122 may curve along the interior wall of the shorter side wall 304 of the housing 300 between optically connected optical components 100 , again preferably with a radius of curvature R approximately equal to that of the gain medium 120 .
- the input 102 and the output 104 can both be located on the same longer side 302 of the housing 300 .
- the input 102 and the output 104 can be located on different sides of the housing 300 , and can also be located on the shorter side 304 of the housing 300 .
- a plurality of mechanical restrictors 306 are disposed in the bottom portion 310 of the housing 300 around which the input medium 112 , the output medium 122 , and the gain medium 120 are wound to secure the input medium 112 , the output medium 122 , and the gain medium 120 to the bottom portion 310 of the housing 300 and to define the radius of curvature R of the input medium 112 , the output medium 122 , and the gain medium 120 where the input medium 112 , the output medium 122 , and the gain medium 120 bend.
- the pump line 132 proximate to the pump laser 130 has a generally straight pump line portion 136 approximately tangent to the gain medium 120 .
- the pump line 132 bends to a curved pump line portion 138 with a radius of curvature R approximately equal to the radius of curvature R of the gain medium 120 .
- Such a configuration eliminates unnecessary bends in the pump line 132 and minimizes loss of the pump signal ⁇ P prior to entering the first WDM 116 along the longer side wall 302 of the housing 300 .
- the amplifier module 10 has maximum orthogonal dimensions of approximately 9.5 cm ⁇ 5.3 cm ⁇ 1 cm.
- Known pump lasers 130 are approximately 7.8 millimeters in height and drive the overall height of the module 10 . Those skilled in the art will recognize that a smaller pump laser will allow the overall height of the module 10 to be decreased correspondingly.
- signal light ⁇ S is inputted to the amplifier module 10 at the input 102 .
- the signal light ⁇ S is transmitted along the signal line 111 and the input medium 112 to the gain equalization filter 114 , which equalizes the strength of individual wavelengths of the signal light ⁇ S .
- the signal light ⁇ S has a wavelength of approximately 1310 nanometers or 1550 nanometers, although those skilled in the art will recognize that the signal light can have other wavelengths as well.
- the signal light ⁇ S then is transmitted through the first optical isolator 116 , which prevents any backscatter from being transmitted backward, toward the input 102 .
- the signal light ⁇ S is then transmitted to the first WDM 118 , which combines the signal light ⁇ S with the pump light ⁇ P .
- the pump laser 130 generates the pump light ⁇ P and transmits the pump light ⁇ P along the pump line 132 to the first WDM 118 , where the pump light ⁇ P is combined with the signal light ⁇ S .
- the combined pump light ⁇ P and signal light ⁇ S is transmitted to the gain medium 120 , where the pump light ⁇ P excites ions in the gain medium 120 , amplifying the signal light ⁇ S , as is well known in the art.
- the energy from the pump light ? excites ions in the gain medium 120 , the energy from the pump light ⁇ P decays, and eventually dissipates. However, any residual pump light ⁇ P and the signal light ⁇ S , now amplified, exit the gain medium 120 and are transmitted toward the output medium 122 .
- the combined residual pump light ⁇ P and signal light ⁇ S are transmitted to the second WDM 124 , which separates the residual pump light ⁇ P and the signal light ⁇ S .
- the residual pump light ⁇ P is diverted to the pump discharge line 134 for discharge from the signal line 111 .
- the amplified signal light ⁇ S is transmitted from the second WDM 124 to the second optical isolator 126 , which prevents any backscatter from being transmitted backward, toward the gain medium 120 .
- the amplified signal light ⁇ S is further transmitted along the signal line 111 to the ASE filter 128 , which prevents ASE from being transmitted backward, into the gain medium 120 .
- the amplified signal light ⁇ S is then transmitted to the output 104 of the amplifier module 10 .
- the combined signal light ⁇ S and pump light ⁇ P are transmitted through the generally circularly shaped gain medium 120 .
- the radius of curvature R of the gain medium 120 is maximized to minimize this loss.
- the signal light ⁇ S After the signal light ⁇ S exits the gain medium 120 , the signal light ⁇ S enters the output medium 122 . As the signal light ⁇ S is transmitted through the curved output portion 146 to the generally straight portion 144 , a small amount of the signal light ⁇ S is lost due to the curvature of the curved output portion 146 . However, since the radius of curvature R of the curved output portion 146 is maximized as approximately one half the interior width of the housing 300 , signal light ⁇ S loss is minimized.
- the amplifier module 10 maximizes bending radii of light transmitting media in a minimum space to minimize signal loss due to the bending of the light transmitting media.
- the signal gain is at least 35 dB and maximum signal output power is greater than 18 dBm.
- the signal gain can be less than 35 dB and that the maximum signal output power can be less than 18 dBm.
- Operation of an embodiment of the amplifier module 10 as described herein has produced approximately 4.5 dB of noise with a ⁇ 10 dBm input at 1550 nm while drawing less than 1 watt of power.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
- Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
Abstract
An optical amplifier module is disclosed. The optical amplifier module includes a housing having an interior length and an interior width generally shorter than the interior length and an electronic control board disposed within the housing. The electronic control board includes a plurality of electronically connected components. The optical amplifier module also includes a gain medium disposed in the housing in a generally circularly spiral shape, such that the gain medium has a radius of curvature approximately one half the interior width of the housing. The optical amplifier module further includes a pump laser electronically connected to the electronic control board and optically connected to the gain medium.
Description
- The present invention relates to compact optical amplifiers.
- Optical communication systems based on glass optical fibers (GOF) allow communication signals to be transmitted not only over long distances with low attenuation, but also at extremely high data rates, or bandwidth capacity. This capability arises from the propagation of a single optical signal mode in the low-loss windows of glass located at the near-infrared wavelengths of 850, 1310, and 1550 nm. Since the introduction of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), the last decade has witnessed the emergence of single-mode GOF as the standard data transmission medium for wide area networks (WANs), especially in terrestrial and transoceanic communication backbones. In addition, the bandwidth performance of single-mode GOF has been vastly enhanced by the development of dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM), which can couple up to 40 channels of different wavelengths of light into a single fiber, with each channel carrying up to 10 gigabits of data per second. Moreover, recently, a signal transmission of 1 terabit (1012 bits) per second has been achieved over a single fiber on a 100-channel DWDM system. Bandwidth capacities are increasing at rates of as much as an order of magnitude per year.
- The success of the single-mode GOF in long-haul communication backbones has given rise to the new technology of optical networking. The universal objective is to integrate voice video, and data streams over all-optical systems as communication signals make their way from WANs down to smaller local area networks (LANs) of Metro and Access networks, down to the curb (FTTC), home (FTTH), and finally arriving to the end user by fiber to the desktop (FTTD). Examples are the recent explosion of the Internet and use of the World Wide Web, which are demanding vastly higher bandwidth performance in short- and medium-distance applications. Yet, as the optical network nears the end user starting at the LAN stage, the network is characterized by numerous splittings of the input signal into many channels. This feature represents a fundamental problem for optical networks. Each time the input signal is split, the signal strength per channel is naturally reduced.
- Rare earth doped optical amplifiers are emerging as the predominant optical signal amplification device for every aspect of optical communication networks spanning from repeaters, pre-amplifiers, and power boosters to wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) systems. These amplifiers are suitable for long-haul, submarine, metro, community antenna television (CATV) and local area networks. An optical amplifier amplifies an optical signal directly in the optical domain without converting the signal into an electrical signal and reconverting the electrical signal back to an optical signal. As optical telecommunication networks push further and further toward the end user, as represented by the technology of FTTC, FTTH, and FTTD, there is an ever growing demand for compact and low cost optical amplification devices.
- Current fiber optics architectures utilize highly expensive, bulky EDFA modules based on costly electronic and photonic bulk components that require tedious alignment and connections. Known packaged optical amplifier assemblies include a number of commercially available optical components, such as optical isolators, erbium doped optical fibers, wavelength division multiplexing couplers, tap couplers, etc., which are fusion spliced together to form the optical part of an optical amplifier module. The electronics driving circuitry part of the optical amplifier is built on a separate platform, typically on a printed circuit board. The electronics board and the optical part are separate and are located in two different parts of the amplifier module. Such a multi-layer approach is suitable for complicated, multi-stage amplifiers used in long-haul optical communication systems. However, as an optical network nears the local area level, due to vast signal splitting, a more compact, low-cost, and easy to manufacture approach is needed.
- It would be beneficial to provide a highly efficient, compact optical amplifier module that is designed and built utilizing integrated printed circuit board components. Such a module will provide a cost-effective, compact solution to the problem of signal reduction from splitting because the module will utilize reduced space, weight, size, and power consumption natural to integrated compact architectures.
- Briefly, the present invention provides an optical amplifier module. The optical amplifier module comprises a housing having an interior length and an interior width generally shorter than the interior length and an electronic control board disposed within the housing. The electronic control board includes a plurality of electronically connected components. The optical amplifier module further comprises a gain medium disposed in the housing in a generally circularly spiral shape, such that the gain medium has a radius of curvature approximately one half the interior width of the housing. The optical amplifier further comprises a pump laser electronically connected to the electronic control board and optically connected to the gain medium.
- The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and constitute part of this specification, illustrate the presently preferred embodiments of the invention, and, together with the general description given above and the detailed description given below, serve to explain the features of the invention. In the drawings:
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of an optical amplifier module according to the present invention, with a top cover of the module removed.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the optical amplifier according to FIG. 1, taken along line2-2 of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic drawing of the components in the optical amplifier module.
- In the drawings, like numerals indicate like elements throughout. The present invention is an
optical amplifier module 10, which is preferably used in an optical network near the local area level. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that theoptical amplifier module 10 can also be used in the wide area level and, with appropriate environmental shielding known by those skilled in the art, terrestrial and transoceanic networks as well. - Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the
optical amplifier module 10 includes a plurality ofoptical components 100 and anelectronic control board 200 disposed within ahousing 300. Theoptical components 100 include aninput 102 and anoutput 104. Optically disposed between theinput 102 and theoutput 104, from left to right, as shown in FIG. 3, are additionaloptical components 100, including aninput medium 112 optically connecting again equalization filter 114, a firstoptical isolator 116, and a first wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) 118; again medium 120, such as an erbium doped fiber (EDF), where thegain medium 120 has a first end optically connected to theinput medium 112 and a second end; and anoutput medium 122 optically connected to the second end of thegain medium 120, wherein theoutput medium 122 optically connects asecond WDM 124, a secondoptical isolator 126, and an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE)filter 128. Theoptical components 100 described above comprise asignal line 111 which extends in a first direction from theinput 102 to theoutput 104, along which a signal light λS is transmitted. - As used herein, when the
optical components 100 are said to be “optically connected”, light signals can be transmitted between theoptical components 100. Additionally, when otheroptical components 100 are said to be “optically disposed” between first and second optical components, light signals can be transmitted between the first and second components serially through the otheroptical components 100. - Preferably, the
input medium 112 and theoutput medium 122 are both optical fibers, although those skilled in the art will recognize that other light transmitting media, such as waveguides and free space, can be used. Preferably, connections between theinput medium 112 and theequalization filter 114, the firstoptical isolator 116, and thefirst WDM 118 as well as the connections between theoutput medium 122 and thesecond WDM 124, the secondoptical isolator 126, and theASE filter 128 are made by pigtailing, a technique well known in the art, which will not be described in detail herein. - Further, although the
gain medium 120 is preferably an erbium doped fiber, fibers doped with other rare earth elements, or combinations of other rare earth elements or other metal elements, as disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/507,582, filed Feb. 18, 2000, Ser. No. 09/722,821, filed Nov. 28, 2000, and Ser. No. 09/722,822, filed November 28, 2000, which are owned by the assignee of the present application, and which are incorporated herein in their entirety, can be used. Additionally, although theinput medium 112, thegain medium 120, and theoutput medium 122 are preferably manufactured from a polymer, those skilled in the art will recognize that theinput medium 112, thegain medium 120, and theoutput medium 122 can also be manufactured from a glass or other light transmitting medium. Also, although theinput medium 112, thegain medium 120, and theoutput medium 122 are preferably fibers, those skilled in the art will recognize that theinput medium 112, thegain medium 120, and theoutput medium 122 can also be waveguides or other doped photon transmitting devices. - A
pump laser 130 is optically connected to thesignal line 111 through apump line 132. A first end of thepump line 132 is optically connected to the output of thepump laser 130 and a second end of thepump line 132 is optically connected to the first WDM 118, which optically combines a pump light λP from thepump laser 130 with the signal light λS from thesignal line 111. Preferably, thepump laser 130 is either a 980 nanometer or a 1480 nanometer laser, having an output power of between approximately 50 mW and 300 mW, although those skilled in the art will recognize that other types of pump lasers having different wavelengths and different output power ranges can be used. Further, thepump laser 130 preferably uses a 5 volt power source, although those skilled in the art will recognize that thepump laser 130 can use a power source more or less than 5 volts. - A
pump discharge line 134 can be optically connected to thesignal line 111 at thesecond WDM 124. The second WDM 124 separates the signal light λS from any residual pump light λP and discharges the pump light λP out thepump discharge line 134. Alternatively, those skilled in the art will recognize that the second WDM 124 and thepump discharge line 134 can be omitted, and the pump light λP can be allowed to dissipate along theoutput medium 122. Additionally, those skilled in the art will recognize that thegain equalization filter 114 and theASE filter 128 can be omitted, although with potential loss of amplification capability of theamplifier module 10. Further, those skilled in the art will recognize that thegain equalization filter 114 can be optically disposed in thesignal line 111 between thegain medium 120 and theoutput 104. - The
electronic control board 200 controls operation of thepump laser 130. Theboard 200 includes anelectronic input 210, which provides connections for power and control of thepump laser 130. Theboard 200 also includes anelectronic output 220, which is electronically connected to thepump laser 130 from an outside source (not shown). Theelectronic output 220 provides power and control functions to thepump laser 130. Theboard 200 also includes a plurality of electronically connectedcomponents 230 which control thepump laser 130, such astransistors 232, adjustingcoolers 234, and apower input 236. Preferably, theelectronic control board 200 is disclosed in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______ (Attorney Docket No. PHX-0013), filed on even date, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. - The
board 200 includes acutout 240 which is skewed relative to orthogonal dimensions of thehousing 300. Thepump laser 130 is disposed within thecutout 240. Preferably, the skewness is approximately 40-50 degrees with respect to thehousing 300, although those skilled in the art will recognize that the skewness can be other angles as well. Also preferably, thecutout 240 is located proximate to a corner of thehousing 300. The skewness of thecutout 240 and the proximity of thecutout 240 to the corner minimize the space required for thepump laser 130 within thehousing 300 while maximizing a radius of curvature R of thepump line 132, as will be discussed in more detail later herein. - A preferred arrangement of the components of the
amplifier module 10 is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Thehousing 300 is used to contain theoptical components 100 and theelectronic control board 200. Thehousing 300 has abottom portion 310 and a top portion (not shown). Preferably, the top portion is removably secured to thebottom portion 310 with a known securing mechanism, such as at least one screw, although those skilled in the art will recognize that the top portion can be secured to thebottom portion 310 by other methods as well. - Preferably, the
housing 300 is constructed from aluminum or an aluminum alloy. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that other materials, including, but not limited to, metal loaded polymers, can be used. Thehousing 300 has a pair of opposinglonger side walls 302 having a longer interior length and a pair of opposingshorter side walls 304 having a shorter interior length, connecting each of thelonger side walls 302. Theside walls optical components 100 and thecontrol board 200 are disposed. - The
control board 200 is disposed along thebottom 305 of thehousing 300. Thecontrol board 200 is thermally connected to thebottom portion 310 of thehousing 300 to enhance dissipation of heat generated by the electronically connectedcomponents 230 in thecontrol board 200. Preferably, thetransistors 232 on thecontrol board 200 are fixedly connected to thebottom portion 310 of thehousing 300 with thermally conducting material, such as metal screws 233, which further enhance heat dissipation. Additionally, thetransistors 232 are preferably located against one of the longer orshorter side walls housing 300 to provide additional surface contact and further enhanced heat dissipation. Although theelectronic input 210 preferably extends through aside wall housing 300, those skilled in the art will recognize that theelectronic input 210 can extend through the top portion (not shown) or thebottom 305 of thehousing 300. - The
gain medium 120 is disposed in thehousing 300 in a generally circularly spiral shape such that portions of thegain medium 120 vertically overlap other portions of thegain medium 120. Preferably, thegain medium 120 is approximately 20 meters in length, although those skilled in the art will recognize that thegain medium 120 can be more or less than 20 meters in length. Preferably, thegain medium 120 has a radius of curvature R approximately one half theshorter side 304 of thehousing 300. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, thegain medium 120 is preferably disposed within thehousing 300 such that thegain medium 120 engages or is proximate toside walls housing 300 at three locations at approximate 90 degree intervals. With such preferred configuration, the radius of curvature R of thegain medium 120 is maximized with respect to the interior of thehousing 300. Since some light is lost from thegain medium 120 due to bends in thegain medium 120, maximizing the radius of curvature R of thegain medium 120 minimizes losses of the signal light λS and the pump light λP due to the bending of thegain medium 120. - Alternatively, the
gain medium 120 can be disposed along all of theside walls gain medium 120 is generally oval shaped, with a radius of curvature R proximate theshorter side walls 302 and generally straight portions along the longer sides 304. In this manner, alonger gain medium 120 can be utilized with the approximately the same bending losses as the generally circular design described above and shown in FIG. 1, providing potentially increased amplification ability of theamplifier 100. - The
input medium 112 includes a generallystraight input portion 140 that extends through aside wall housing 300 and acurved input portion 142 that generally runs along the interior wall of theshorter side wall 304 of thehousing 300 and has a radius of curvature R approximately equal to the radius of curvature R of thegain medium 120. Theinput medium 112 straightens out along the interior wall of each of thelonger side walls 302 of thehousing 300, where theinput medium 112 is optically connected to thegain equalization filter 114, the firstoptical isolator 116, and thefirst WDM 118. However, due to space constraints, theinput medium 112 may curve along the interior wall of theshorter side wall 304 of thehousing 300 between optically connectedoptical components 100, again preferably with a radius of curvature R approximately equal to that of thegain medium 120. - Similarly, the
output medium 122 includes a generallystraight output portion 144 that extends through aside wall housing 300 and acurved output portion 146 that generally runs along the interior wall of theshorter side wall 304 of thehousing 300 and has a radius of curvature R approximately equal to the radius of curvature R of thegain medium 120. Theoutput medium 122 straightens out along the interior wall of each of thelonger side walls 302 of thehousing 300, where theoutput medium 122 is optically connected to thesecond WDM 124, the secondoptical isolator 126, and theASE filter 128. However, due to space constraints, theoutput medium 122 may curve along the interior wall of theshorter side wall 304 of thehousing 300 between optically connectedoptical components 100, again preferably with a radius of curvature R approximately equal to that of thegain medium 120. - As seen in FIG. 1, the
input 102 and theoutput 104 can both be located on the samelonger side 302 of thehousing 300. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that theinput 102 and theoutput 104 can be located on different sides of thehousing 300, and can also be located on theshorter side 304 of thehousing 300. - A plurality of
mechanical restrictors 306 are disposed in thebottom portion 310 of thehousing 300 around which theinput medium 112, theoutput medium 122, and thegain medium 120 are wound to secure theinput medium 112, theoutput medium 122, and thegain medium 120 to thebottom portion 310 of thehousing 300 and to define the radius of curvature R of theinput medium 112, theoutput medium 122, and thegain medium 120 where theinput medium 112, theoutput medium 122, and thegain medium 120 bend. - As shown in FIG. 1, the
pump line 132 proximate to thepump laser 130 has a generally straightpump line portion 136 approximately tangent to thegain medium 120. As thepump line 132 extends optically away from thepump laser 130, thepump line 132 bends to a curvedpump line portion 138 with a radius of curvature R approximately equal to the radius of curvature R of thegain medium 120. Such a configuration eliminates unnecessary bends in thepump line 132 and minimizes loss of the pump signal λP prior to entering thefirst WDM 116 along thelonger side wall 302 of thehousing 300. - Preferably, the
amplifier module 10 has maximum orthogonal dimensions of approximately 9.5 cm×5.3 cm×1 cm. Knownpump lasers 130 are approximately 7.8 millimeters in height and drive the overall height of themodule 10. Those skilled in the art will recognize that a smaller pump laser will allow the overall height of themodule 10 to be decreased correspondingly. - In operation, referring to FIG. 1, signal light λS is inputted to the
amplifier module 10 at theinput 102. The signal light λS is transmitted along thesignal line 111 and theinput medium 112 to thegain equalization filter 114, which equalizes the strength of individual wavelengths of the signal light λS. Preferably, for both single-mode and multimode signal transmission, the signal light λS has a wavelength of approximately 1310 nanometers or 1550 nanometers, although those skilled in the art will recognize that the signal light can have other wavelengths as well. The signal light λS then is transmitted through the firstoptical isolator 116, which prevents any backscatter from being transmitted backward, toward theinput 102. The signal light λS is then transmitted to thefirst WDM 118, which combines the signal light λS with the pump light λP. - The
pump laser 130 generates the pump light λP and transmits the pump light λP along thepump line 132 to thefirst WDM 118, where the pump light λP is combined with the signal light λS. The combined pump light λP and signal light λS is transmitted to thegain medium 120, where the pump light λP excites ions in thegain medium 120, amplifying the signal light λS , as is well known in the art. - As the energy from the pump light ? excites ions in the
gain medium 120, the energy from the pump light λP decays, and eventually dissipates. However, any residual pump light λP and the signal light λS, now amplified, exit thegain medium 120 and are transmitted toward theoutput medium 122. The combined residual pump light λP and signal light λS are transmitted to thesecond WDM 124, which separates the residual pump light λP and the signal light λS. The residual pump light λP is diverted to thepump discharge line 134 for discharge from thesignal line 111. - The amplified signal light λS is transmitted from the
second WDM 124 to the secondoptical isolator 126, which prevents any backscatter from being transmitted backward, toward thegain medium 120. The amplified signal light λS is further transmitted along thesignal line 111 to theASE filter 128, which prevents ASE from being transmitted backward, into thegain medium 120. The amplified signal light λS is then transmitted to theoutput 104 of theamplifier module 10. - As the signal light λS transitions from the generally
straight input portion 140 of theinput medium 102 to thecurved input portion 142, a small amount of the signal light λS is lost due to the curvature of thecurved input portion 142. However, since the radius of curvature R of the curved input portion is maximized as approximately one half the interior width of thehousing 300, signal light λS loss in minimized. Similarly, as the pump light λP transitions from the generally straightpump line portion 136 to the curvedpump line portion 138, a small amount of the pump light λP is lost due to the curvature of the curvedpump line portion 138. However, since the radius of curvature R of the curvedpump line portion 138 is maximized as approximately one half the interior width of thehousing 300, pump light λP loss in minimized. - After the signal light λS and the pump light λS are combined by the
first WDM 118, the combined signal light λS and pump light λP are transmitted through the generally circularly shapedgain medium 120. Although a small amount of both the signal light λS and the pump light λP are lost due to the curvature of thegain medium 120, the radius of curvature R of thegain medium 120 is maximized to minimize this loss. - After the signal light λS exits the
gain medium 120, the signal light λS enters theoutput medium 122. As the signal light λS is transmitted through thecurved output portion 146 to the generallystraight portion 144, a small amount of the signal light λS is lost due to the curvature of thecurved output portion 146. However, since the radius of curvature R of thecurved output portion 146 is maximized as approximately one half the interior width of thehousing 300, signal light λS loss is minimized. - The
amplifier module 10 maximizes bending radii of light transmitting media in a minimum space to minimize signal loss due to the bending of the light transmitting media. Preferably, the signal gain is at least 35 dB and maximum signal output power is greater than 18 dBm. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that the signal gain can be less than 35 dB and that the maximum signal output power can be less than 18 dBm. Operation of an embodiment of theamplifier module 10 as described herein has produced approximately 4.5 dB of noise with a −10 dBm input at 1550 nm while drawing less than 1 watt of power. - It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes could be made to the embodiment described above without departing from the broad inventive concept thereof. It is understood, therefore, that this invention is not limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but it is intended to cover modifications within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (21)
1. An optical amplifier module comprising:
a housing having an interior length and an interior width generally shorter than the interior length;
an electronic control board disposed within the housing, the electronic control board including a plurality of electronically connected components;
a gain medium disposed in the housing in a generally circularly spiral shape, the gain medium having a radius of curvature approximately one half the interior width of the housing; and
a pump laser electronically connected to the electronic control board and optically connected to the gain medium.
2. The optical amplifier module according to claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of optical components disposed within the housing, the plurality of optical components being optically connected to the gain medium.
3. The optical amplifier module according to claim 2 , wherein the plurality of optical components are disposed proximate side walls of the housing.
4. The optical amplifier module according to claim 2 , wherein the plurality of optical components comprise at least one of an optical isolator and a filter.
5. The optical amplifier module according to claim 1 , further comprising a wavelength division multiplexer optically connected to the gain medium, the wavelength division multiplexer adapted to combine a signal light having a first wavelength and a pump light having a second wavelength.
6. The optical amplifier module according to claim 1 , further comprising a wavelength division multiplexer optically connected to the gain medium, the wavelength division multiplexer adapted to separate light into a signal light having a first wavelength and a pump light having a second wavelength.
7. The optical amplifier module according to claim 1 , wherein the electronically connected components comprise at least one of an adjusting cooler and a power input.
8. The optical amplifier module according to claim 1 , wherein the pump laser has an output approximately tangent to the gain medium.
9. The optical amplifier module according to claim 8 , wherein the electronic control board comprises a cutout and the pump laser is disposed within the cutout.
10. The optical amplifier module according to claim 9 , wherein the cutout is skewed relative to orthogonal dimensions of the housing.
11. The optical amplifier module according to claim 1 , further comprising an input medium optically connected to a first end of the gain medium and an output medium optically connected to a second end of the gain medium.
12. The optical amplifier module according to claim 11 , wherein the input medium comprises a curved input portion and the output medium comprises a curved output portion, each of the curved input portion and the curved output portion having a curvature approximately equal to the radius of curvature of the gain medium.
13. The optical amplifier module according to claim 12 , wherein each of the input medium and the output medium extend through the housing.
14. The optical amplifier module according to claim 13 , wherein one of the input and the output media extends through the housing in a direction tangent to the gain medium.
15. The optical amplifier module according to claim 1 , wherein the gain medium is a rare earth doped fiber.
16. The optical amplifier module according to claim 15 , wherein the rare earth doped fiber is a polymer.
17. The optical amplifier module according to claim 1 , wherein a maximum orthogonal dimension of the housing is approximately 10 centimeters.
18. The optical amplifier module according to claim 1 , wherein maximum orthogonal dimensions of the housing are approximately 9.5 cm×5.3 cm×1 cm.
19. The optical amplifier module according to claim 1 , wherein the electronic control board comprises a connection for exterior power and control.
20. The optical amplifier module according to claim 1 , wherein the amplifier module is adapted to amplify a light signal inputted into the gain medium at least 35 dB.
21. The optical amplifier module according to claim 1 , wherein the amplifier module is adapted to amplify a light signal inputted into the gain medium to at least 18 dBm.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/877,954 US6483978B1 (en) | 2001-06-08 | 2001-06-08 | Compact optical amplifier module |
PCT/US2002/017730 WO2002101431A2 (en) | 2001-06-08 | 2002-06-06 | Compact optical amplifier module |
AU2002305828A AU2002305828A1 (en) | 2001-06-08 | 2002-06-06 | Compact optical amplifier module |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/877,954 US6483978B1 (en) | 2001-06-08 | 2001-06-08 | Compact optical amplifier module |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US6483978B1 US6483978B1 (en) | 2002-11-19 |
US20020186952A1 true US20020186952A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 |
Family
ID=25371078
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/877,954 Expired - Fee Related US6483978B1 (en) | 2001-06-08 | 2001-06-08 | Compact optical amplifier module |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6483978B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002305828A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002101431A2 (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20030206335A1 (en) * | 2002-05-03 | 2003-11-06 | Lightwaves 2020, Inc. | Erbium-doped fiber amplifier and integrated module components |
US20070019284A1 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2007-01-25 | Azea Networks Limited | Twin optical amplifier with dual pump power control |
US20110068511A1 (en) * | 2009-09-24 | 2011-03-24 | Sowden Harry S | Machine for the manufacture of dosage forms utilizing radiofrequency energy |
US20160103286A1 (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2016-04-14 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Optical transceiver implementing erbium doped fiber amplifier |
WO2016149622A1 (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2016-09-22 | Ii-Vi Incorporated | Optical amplifier module |
JP2020088354A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-04 | ファナック株式会社 | Laser oscillator with dispersed optical fiber installation paths |
US11226458B2 (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2022-01-18 | Nec Corporation | Pluggable optical module and optical communication system |
Families Citing this family (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU1524901A (en) * | 1999-11-30 | 2001-06-12 | Corning O.T.I. S.P.A. | Optical device containing a fibre-optic component |
US20030202770A1 (en) * | 2002-01-03 | 2003-10-30 | Garito Anthony F. | Optical waveguide amplifiers |
US6917731B2 (en) * | 2002-03-27 | 2005-07-12 | Corning Incorporated | Optical amplification module |
JP3937178B2 (en) * | 2002-09-11 | 2007-06-27 | アライドテレシスホールディングス株式会社 | Media converter |
US7186033B2 (en) * | 2005-02-23 | 2007-03-06 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Fiber optic booster connector |
US7466734B1 (en) * | 2005-06-15 | 2008-12-16 | Daylight Solutions, Inc. | Compact external cavity mid-IR optical lasers |
US7535656B2 (en) * | 2005-06-15 | 2009-05-19 | Daylight Solutions, Inc. | Lenses, optical sources, and their couplings |
US7492806B2 (en) * | 2005-06-15 | 2009-02-17 | Daylight Solutions, Inc. | Compact mid-IR laser |
US7535936B2 (en) * | 2005-08-05 | 2009-05-19 | Daylight Solutions, Inc. | External cavity tunable compact Mid-IR laser |
US7424042B2 (en) * | 2006-09-22 | 2008-09-09 | Daylight Solutions, Inc. | Extended tuning in external cavity quantum cascade lasers |
US7848382B2 (en) | 2008-01-17 | 2010-12-07 | Daylight Solutions, Inc. | Laser source that generates a plurality of alternative wavelength output beams |
US7593613B1 (en) * | 2008-05-02 | 2009-09-22 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Integrated fiber fish |
US8774244B2 (en) | 2009-04-21 | 2014-07-08 | Daylight Solutions, Inc. | Thermal pointer |
WO2011156033A2 (en) | 2010-03-15 | 2011-12-15 | Daylight Solutions, Inc. | Laser source that generates a rapidly changing output beam |
US8335413B2 (en) | 2010-05-14 | 2012-12-18 | Daylight Solutions, Inc. | Optical switch |
WO2012006346A1 (en) | 2010-07-07 | 2012-01-12 | Daylight Solutions, Inc. | Multi-wavelength high output laser source assembly with precision output beam |
US8467430B2 (en) | 2010-09-23 | 2013-06-18 | Daylight Solutions, Inc. | Continuous wavelength tunable laser source with optimum orientation of grating and gain medium |
US9225148B2 (en) | 2010-09-23 | 2015-12-29 | Daylight Solutions, Inc. | Laser source assembly with thermal control and mechanically stable mounting |
US9042688B2 (en) | 2011-01-26 | 2015-05-26 | Daylight Solutions, Inc. | Multiple port, multiple state optical switch |
DE102016000341B4 (en) | 2016-01-18 | 2018-08-23 | Langmatz Gmbh | Cassette with a pWDM filter |
US9711929B1 (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2017-07-18 | Licomm Co., Ltd. | Optical amplifier and method of manufacturing optical amplifier |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT1255953B (en) * | 1992-10-30 | 1995-11-17 | Pirelli Cavi Spa | COMPACT OPTICAL AMPLIFIER WITH SEPARATE FUNCTIONS |
US5383051A (en) * | 1992-10-30 | 1995-01-17 | Pirelli Cavi S.P.A. | Compact-size optical amplifier |
GB9412528D0 (en) * | 1994-06-22 | 1994-08-10 | Bt & D Technologies Ltd | Packaged optical amplifier assembly |
US5504609A (en) | 1995-05-11 | 1996-04-02 | Ciena Corporation | WDM optical communication system with remodulators |
US5532864A (en) | 1995-06-01 | 1996-07-02 | Ciena Corporation | Optical monitoring channel for wavelength division multiplexed optical communication system |
US5557439A (en) | 1995-07-25 | 1996-09-17 | Ciena Corporation | Expandable wavelength division multiplexed optical communications systems |
US5778132A (en) | 1997-01-16 | 1998-07-07 | Ciena Corporation | Modular optical amplifier and cassette system |
KR20010081047A (en) * | 1998-12-02 | 2001-08-25 | 알프레드 엘. 미첼슨 | A detachable plug-in pump card assembly |
-
2001
- 2001-06-08 US US09/877,954 patent/US6483978B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-06-06 AU AU2002305828A patent/AU2002305828A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-06-06 WO PCT/US2002/017730 patent/WO2002101431A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20030206335A1 (en) * | 2002-05-03 | 2003-11-06 | Lightwaves 2020, Inc. | Erbium-doped fiber amplifier and integrated module components |
US6922281B2 (en) * | 2002-05-03 | 2005-07-26 | Lightwaves 2020, Inc. | Erbium-doped fiber amplifier and integrated module components |
US20070019284A1 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2007-01-25 | Azea Networks Limited | Twin optical amplifier with dual pump power control |
WO2007012829A2 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2007-02-01 | Azea Networks Limited | Twin optical amplifier with dual pump power control |
WO2007012829A3 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2007-05-03 | Azea Networks Ltd | Twin optical amplifier with dual pump power control |
US7515331B2 (en) | 2005-07-25 | 2009-04-07 | Xtera Communications Ltd. | Twin optical amplifier with dual pump power control |
US20110068511A1 (en) * | 2009-09-24 | 2011-03-24 | Sowden Harry S | Machine for the manufacture of dosage forms utilizing radiofrequency energy |
US8807979B2 (en) * | 2009-09-24 | 2014-08-19 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Machine for the manufacture of dosage forms utilizing radiofrequency energy |
US20160103286A1 (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2016-04-14 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Optical transceiver implementing erbium doped fiber amplifier |
US9871590B2 (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2018-01-16 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Optical transceiver implementing erbium doped fiber amplifier |
WO2016149622A1 (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2016-09-22 | Ii-Vi Incorporated | Optical amplifier module |
US9806486B2 (en) | 2015-03-19 | 2017-10-31 | Ii-Vi Incorporated | Optical amplifier module |
US11226458B2 (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2022-01-18 | Nec Corporation | Pluggable optical module and optical communication system |
JP2020088354A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-04 | ファナック株式会社 | Laser oscillator with dispersed optical fiber installation paths |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2002101431A3 (en) | 2003-12-18 |
WO2002101431A2 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
AU2002305828A1 (en) | 2002-12-23 |
US6483978B1 (en) | 2002-11-19 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6483978B1 (en) | Compact optical amplifier module | |
US5966480A (en) | Article comprising an improved cascaded optical fiber Raman device | |
US5887093A (en) | Optical fiber dispersion compensation | |
US6943936B2 (en) | Co-propagating Raman amplifiers | |
JP2000091683A (en) | Multistage optical fiber amplifier | |
US7899296B2 (en) | Optical fiber reel | |
US6417961B1 (en) | Optical amplifiers with dispersion compensation | |
US20230059478A1 (en) | Amplified hollow core fiber transmission | |
EP1598961B1 (en) | Optical broadband tellurite fibre amplifier using multi-wavelength pump | |
US7463411B2 (en) | Optical fiber amplifier | |
EP3884596A1 (en) | Fiber pump laser system and method for submarine optical repeater | |
US6650818B2 (en) | Rare earth doped optical waveguide and laser with optimal bending curves | |
KR100421140B1 (en) | Raman optical fiber amplifier using erbium doped fiber | |
US6924926B2 (en) | Laser diode pump sources | |
EP1162768A1 (en) | System and method for amplifying a WDM signal including a Raman amplified Dispersion-compensating fibre | |
EP1339178B1 (en) | Dispersion-compensated raman optical fiber amplifier | |
Bousselet et al. | + 26 dBm output power from an engineered cladding-pumped Yb-free EDFA for L-band WDM applications | |
US20060216035A1 (en) | System and method of dispersion compensation in optical communication systems | |
RU2792649C2 (en) | System and method based on pumped fiber laser for underwater optical repeater | |
EP1313235B1 (en) | Optical amplifier and optical communication system including the same | |
Tanaka et al. | Low loss integrated Mach-Zehnder-interferometer-type eight-wavelength multiplexer for 1480 nm band pumping | |
EP1410537B1 (en) | System and method of dispersion compensation in optical communication systems | |
Bousselet et al. | dBm output power from an engineered cladding-pumped Yb-free EDFA for L-band WDM applications | |
GB2379327A (en) | Amplifier | |
Chang et al. | Transmission performance comparison of hybrid fiber amplifier |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: PHOTON-X, INC., PENNSYLVANIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:GAO, RENFENG;GAO, RENYUAN;REEL/FRAME:011897/0077 Effective date: 20010608 |
|
CC | Certificate of correction | ||
REMI | Maintenance fee reminder mailed | ||
LAPS | Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees | ||
STCH | Information on status: patent discontinuation |
Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362 |
|
FP | Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee |
Effective date: 20061119 |