US1965889A

US1965889A - Lock

Info

Publication number: US1965889A
Application number: US696461A
Authority: US
Inventors: John W Fitz
Original assignee: Briggs and Stratton Corp
Current assignee: Briggs and Stratton Corp
Priority date: 1933-11-03
Filing date: 1933-11-03
Publication date: 1934-07-10
Anticipated expiration: 1951-07-10

Description

J. W. FITZ GERALD LOCK lqv Patented July 10, 1934 UNITED sTAT-:s

L OCK John W. Fitz Gerald, Milwaukee, WisQ assignor to Briggs a Stratton Corporation, Mlwauk Wis., a corporationof Delawane V Application November 3, 1933, 'Serial No. 696,4c

19 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in looks and refers more particularly to key operable tumbler lo'cks.

.It is an object of this invention to provide additional security against unauthorized actuation of a lock by the provision of means for automatically A defined by the appended claims, it being understood that such changes in the precise embodiment of the herein disclosed invention may be `made as come within the scope of the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, I have illustrat ed several complete examples of the physical embo'diment of my invention contructed according to the best modes I have so far devised for the practical application of the principles thereof, and in which:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view through a lock structure embodying this invention; Figure 2 is a transverse sectional view' taken "through Figure 1 on the plane of the line 2-2;

Figure 3 is a perspective view of one of the tumblers and the looking bar 'of the structures shown in Figures 1 and 2;

Figure 4 is a view partly in longitudinal section and partly in elevation of a lock structure equipped with a modified embodiment of this invention; e

Figure 5 is a cross section view taken through Figure 4 on the plane of the line 5-5;

Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 1 illustrating another modification of this intention;

Figure 'l is a cross sectional view taken through Figure 6 on the plane of the line 7-7; and Figura 8 is a detail sectonal view taken through Figure 6 on the plane of the line 8-8.

Referring to the accompanying drawings in which like numerals indicate like parts throughout the several views, the numeral 10 designates a mounting membe: which in the present instance is in the form of ar r cylindrical shell mountg member 11. aber ii in the embodiment shown is in the form of a cylinder but may take any shape, and merelyindicates a general support for the lock. The shell 10 which forms the mounting member of the lock is secured in the supporting member by a set screw 12.

Rotatably 'mounted in the bore 13 of the mounting member is a lock cylinder 14 the inner end of which has a sten 15 Secured thereto to project from the mounting member into operative engagemnt with a latch mechanism or other means, to be controlled, not shown;

Ahy means'may be employed to' retain the lock cylinder assembled with the mounting member and' in the present instance a set screw 16 is provided having its inner end engaged in an arcuate slot 17 formed in the cylinder.

A plurality of looking tumblers 18 is mounted in the cylinder for transverse movement into engagement with a recess or slot 19 in the mounting member, the tumblers being'yieldably urged to project into the slot by springs 20 disposed between adjacent tumblers. The tumblers are rev tractable by a proper key' (not shown) insertable into a key opening 21 in the cylinder, and engageable in keywa'ys 22 formed in the tumblers in line with the key opening 21.

Each tumbler also has a. plurality of serrations 23 on its side edge opposite its keyway 22, the serrations preferably being form'ed on the outer edge of a sidewise extension 24 on the tumbler. Engageable with these serrations of the tumblers are toothed projections 25 carried by a looking bar 26 slidably mounted in the cylinder alongside the tumblers.

The toothed projections 25 are spaced apart a distance equal to the spacing of the tumblers so that when the locking bar is in its inoperative position illustrated in Figure 1, the toothed projections will be disengaged from the serrations of the tumblers, but upon endwise shifting of the looking bar its toothed projections Will be arranged with the tumbler serrations to secure the tumblers against movement.

A compression spring 27 engaging the inner end of thelocking bar yieldably tends to project the looking bar out of its slideway 28 and holds the bar in' its inoperatlve position. The outer end of the bar engages a pin 29 slidably mounted in' a bore 30 communicating with theouter end oi' the slideway 28. The extreme outer end of the pin 29 has a rounded projection 31 which engages in a radial groove or slot 32 in the bottom of the mounting member bore 31 when the looking cylinder is in its normal locked position.

Upon turning of the cylinder out of its normal 110 thus secure the tumblers against actuation.

It is noted that the recess or slot 19 into which A the spring projected ends of the tumblers en- 'in the embodiment shown in Figur-e 1.

gage is suflicientiy wide to permit a degree of rotation on the part of the cylinder without first retracting the tumblers and this permitted degree of rotation is suificient to move the rounded end' 31 of the pin 29 out of the radial groove or slot 33 and to actuate the looking bar to its operative locking position. i

In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 4 and 5, the locking bar 26 is replaced by individual locking pins 34. These pins, as best shown in Figure 5, are mounted in multiple diametered bores 35 in the side of the lock cylinder for movement into and out of engagement with the tumbler serrations 23. The inner ends of the pins 34 are pointed and project through the smallest diameter of the bores. Medially of their ends the pins are provided with annular flanges %between which and the bottoms of the intermediate diameter bores, expansive springs are confined to yieldably maintain the pins in their normally inoperative positions. The outer ends of the bores 35 are closed by fixed retaining washers 37. The outer rounded ends 38 of the pins project through the retaining washers.

When the cylinder is in its normal locked position illustrated in Figure 5, the rounded edges 38 of the pins project beyond the cylindrical surface of the-'cylinder into an elongated groove 39 in the wall of the mounting-member bore, and as in the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3, initial rotation of the cylinder away from its normal locked position cams the pins into engagement wit'h the tumblers and thus positively looks the tumblers against' actuation.

In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 6, 'I and 8, the tumblers are Secured against actuation not by the engagement of looking elements with serrations in the side edges thereoi but by being forced into and held in frictional contact with each other. i

In this embodiment of the invention, the tumblers 40 are of the block type and are engageable with each other at their adjacent faces or at least have portions of their meeting faces in engagement. The entire plurality orstackof tumblers completely fills the transverse recess in the cylinder in which they are mounted'so that no guides between the tumblers are necessary. It is thus g possible to impart pressure on either end of the stack of tumblers to increase the trictional en. gagement therebetween.

This is done by a pin 41 slidable in a bore 42 opening to the inner end of the cylinder. The inner end of the-pin 41 bears against the adja cent tumbler. The outer end of the pin is engaged by a compression spring 43, the opposite end of which bears against a plug 44 mounted in the outer end oi' the bore '42. The plug 44 has a rounded exposed end 45 which engages in a radial slot or groove 46 in the bottom of the mounting member bore similar to the groove 33 The rounded end 45 of the plug 44 engages in the slot or groove 46 only when the cylinder is in its normal' locked position and upon rotation of the cylinder in either direction from its normal locked position the plug will be moved inwardly to compress the spring 43 andvthus impart considerable pressure on the stack of tumblers 40.

The increased trictional engagement between the tumblers eifected in this manner ai'fords adequate protection against possible actuation ot the tumblers by means of a picking tool and thus materially increases the protection of the lock against possible'picking.

Additional protection against, possible picking may be afiorded by providing a loose head on the outer end of the cylinder as in the embodiment shown in Figures 6, 'l and 8. The head or cep 47 is held assexnbled with the cylinder by a spring ring 48 and is freely rotatable with respect to the cylinder so that if a tool is inserted only in the outer end of the key opening, it will be impossible to impart forced rotation to the cylinder itself.

From the foregoing description taken in connection with the acconpanying drawings, it will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art to which this invention appertains, that this invention materially increases the protection of a tumbler lock' against possible picking in that it provides means for securing the tumblers against actuation immediately upon rotation of the cyl-. inder from its normally locked position, and thus requires complete retraction of all of the tumblers before rotation can be safely lmparted to the cylinder. i

What I claim as my invention is:

1. In a lock, a mounting member, a lock cylinder movable in the mounting member, a plurality of looking tumblers carried by the cylinder and engageable with 'the mounting member to secure the cylinder against movement, said tumblers being retractable by a proper key to free the cylinder for movement, and means operable upon relative movement between the lock, cylinder and mounting member to hold the tumblers against actuation with respect to the cylinder so as to preclude retraction 'of the tumblers after the cylinder is moved out of its normal looking position. I 2. In a lock, a mounting member, a lock cylinder movable -in the mounting member, looking tumblers carried by the cylinder and engageable with the mounting member to normally secure 'the cylinder against movement, said turblers` being retractable by a proper key to.free the cylinder !or movement, and cooperating means carried by the mounting member and the cylinder and operable upon movement of the cylinder to hold the tumblers against movement whereby 'retraction of' the tumbl's aiterthe cylinder has been moved from its precluded.,

3. In a lock, a mounting member, a lock cylindermovable in themounting member, key opnormal' locked position is erable lockingtumblers carried by the cylinder and engageable with the mountingmember to secure the cylinder against movement in a normal lockedposition, a member carried by the lock cylinder and operable upon predetermined 'movement thereor to secure thetumblers against movement with respectto the cylinder, and

means on the mounting member operable upon :relative mr 'ement between the lock cylinder and mounting member to move said tumbler secur ingmember to its operative position.

4. In a lock comprising a bored mounting member and a lockcylinder rotatably mounted therein, a plurality of lockingtumblers carried by the` cylinder and engageable with a mounting member to'scure the cylinder against rotation, said tumblers being retractable hyra proper key to "free the cylinder for rotation, and a member opder in locked position, said tumbIe-.being'retractable by a proper key to free the cylinder for movement from said locked position, a member carried by the cylinder and engageable with thetumbler to hold the same against retraction, and a cammed surface on the-mounting member with 'which said tumbler engaging member cooperates to effeot movement of said tumbler engaging member into operative engagement with the tumbler upon movement oi the cylinder. A 6. In a lock, a bored mounting member, a lock cylinder rotatable in the mounting member bore, a plurality of locking tumblers movable transversely of the cylinder and engageable with the mounting member, said tumblers being retractable upon the insertion of a proper key to free the cylinder for rotation and said cylinder having a limited degree of permitted rotation while the tumblers are in their operative positions, a member carried by the lock cylinder and movable perpendicularly to the direction of move ment of the tumblers into operative engagement with the tumblers to-hold the same against movement, and means on the mounting member to move said tumbler engaging member into operative engagement with the tumblers upon rotation of the cylinder whereby the tumblers are Secured against retraction in the event the cylinder is rotated without first retracting the tumblers.,

7. In a lock, a bored mounting member, a lock cylinder rotatable therein, locking tumblers carried by the cylinder and transversely movable to project into engagement with the mounting 8. In a lock, a bored mounting member, a lock 'cylinder rotatable therein, locking tumblers carried by the cylinder and engageable in a recess in the mounting member, s`aid recess being of a size to permit a limited degree of rotation on the part of the cylinder without requiring retraction of the tumblers, serrations on the edges of the tumblers, and means carried by the cylinder,

and operable during said permitted degree of rotation of the cylinder to engage the serrations of the tumblers and secure the same against re traction.

- 9.-In a lock device, a bored mounting member, a lock cylinder rotatable therein, locking tumblers carried by the cylinder and movableinto engagement with the mounting' member to secure the cylinder in locked position, and means carried by thecylinder and cammed into engagement with the tumblers upon rotation of the cylinder away from its locked 'position whereby said tumblers are held in the positions they ocrotation with its tumblers projected, and means carried by the cylinder and cammed into engagement with the tumblers during rotation of v the cylinder through said limited degree of permitted rotation to secure the tumblers in the positions they occupy at the time of such rotation whereby retraction of the tumblers after the cylinder has beenslightly turned is precluded. e

11. In a lock device,' a bored mountingmember a lock cylinder rotatable therein, locking tumblers carried by the cylinder and engageable with the mounting member to secure the cylinder in locked position, means carried by the' cylinder and engageable with an edge of the tumblers to hold the tumblers against movement with respect to the cylinder, said means normally being in an inoperative position, and means on the mounting member to cam said tumbler engaging means into operative engagement with the tumbler edges during an initial movement of the cylinder from its locked position so that the `tumblers are secured against retraction upon such rotation of the cylinder.

12. In a lock device, a bored mounting member a lock cylinder rotatable therein, a plurality of locking tumblers carried by the cylinder and en'gageable with the mounting member to secure, the cylinder in locked position, a member slidable in'the lock cylinder and movable to engage the tumblers to restrain the same against retraction, spring means yieldably maintaining said member in an inoperative position, and means on the mounting member operable upon slight rotation of the cylinder to cam said member to its operative position.

13. In a lock device, a bored mounting member, a lock cylinder rotatable' therein, locking tumblers carried by the cylinder and movable` transversely thereof into engage'ment with the mounting member to secure the cylinder in locked position, serrations on a side edge of each tumbler, a member slidably mounted in the cyli inder and having parts engageable with the serrations of the tumblers to secure the tumblers against movementwith respect to the cylinder,

spring means to yieldably maintain said member in its inoperative position, and means to move said memberto' its operative tumbler engaging position upon a slight rotation of the cylinder in the mounting member.

' 14. In a lock device, a bored mounting member a lock cylinder rotatable in the mounting member bore, locking tumblers carried by the cylinder and engageable with the mounting member to hold the cylinder in locked position but permitting a limited degree of rotation, a member `slidably mounted in the lock cylinder and movable to a position engaging the tumblers to restrain the same against retraction, spring means yieldably main'taining" said tumbler engaging member in an inoperative position, and means carried bythe cylinder and engageable in a groove in the mounting member when the lock cylinder is in its locked position and cammed out of said groove upon movemett'o! the cylin-' e gasins member to its operative position.

15. In a look-device, a bored mounting member,

a lock cylinder rotatable therein, looking tumblers movable transversely ot the cylinder and engageable with the mounting member to hold the cylinder in looked position, serrations on one edge o! each tumbler, tumbler retaining members carried by the cylinder, and spring 'means to project part of said tumbler retaining means beyond the cylinder into a groove in the mounting member while the cylinder is in its normal looked position, movement of said retaining member parts out of the groove upon rotation of the cylinder moving the retaining members into engagement with the tumblers to restrain the same against actuation.

16. In a look devioe, a bored mounting member, a look cylinder rotatable therein, looking tumblers movable transversely of the cylinder, a looking bar slidable axially with respect to the cylinder, cooperating means on the looking bar and the 'tumblers operable upon engagement to secure the tumblers against actuation, and 'means to move the looking bar to engage said cooperating means upon rotation of the cylinder. i

17. In a lock devioe, a. bored mounting member, a look cylinder rotatable therein, looking tumblers oarried by the cylinder and engageable with the mounting member to secure the cylinder in locked position, a looking bar carried by the cylinder and slidable transversely with respect to the tumblers, serrations on the tumblers, toothed projections on the looking bar engageable with the tumbler serrations upon endwise shifting of the looking bar to secure the tumblers against movement, yieldable means maintaining the looking bar in aii inoperative position with its toothed projeotion's out of line with the tumblers, and

p mamase der !rom looked position to force said tumbler means operable upon rotation of the cylinder in the mounting member to shiftthe looking bar axially against the action of its spring means to engage its toothed 'projeotions with the tumbler serrations.

i 18. In a lock device, a bored mounting member,

a lock-cylinder rotata'ble therein, looking tumblers movable transversely of the cylinder into engagement with the mounting member to hold the cylinder in locked position, serrations on a side edge of each tumbler, pins oarried by the cylinder 'in line with the tumblers, said pins being projectable toward the tumblers to engage their inner e'nds with the serrations of the tumblers and secure the tumblers against actuation, spring means yieldably maintaining the pins out of en- 'gagement with tumbler serrations and projecting the outer end portions of the pins beyond the cylindrical surface of the cylinder and into a groove in the wall of the mounting member bore, whereby upon rotation of the cylinder said pins in moving out of the groove are depressed against the action of their springs to engage the tumblers. 19. In a lock devlce, a bored mounting member, a lock cylinder rotatable in the mounting member bore, a plurality of looking tumblers carried by the cylinder and engageablewith the mounting member, said tumblers being in engagement at .theiradjaoent faces, a pin slidable in the look cylinder and having its inner endbearing against one oi'the endmost tumblers, and means operable upon tuming of the cylinder tp force said pin .inwardly against saidtumbler and to frictionally hold all of the tumblers in engagement with each other to restrainactuation of the tumblers.

4 JOHN w. Fr-z GERALD.