US1828000A - Analyzing system for picture transmission - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 20, 1931. R. H. RANGER ANALYZING SYSTEM FOR PICTURE TRANSMISSION Filed NOV. 26, v1928 zo A5 is an Patented Oct. 20,1931 I 310mm: notvilann mnennor NEWAR -NEW ass'reivon'ro name.

ZPOBATICNQEFAMERICA, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE ANALYZING svs'rn'iu For: r oruanfraansmrssroie I Applicationfiled November- 26,1228. Serial N .'321,a21. 3

-The present invention relates principally to -W hat has generally become known the art as picture -transmission*by 'means of an electr c currentor wave, or; by meansoff a 5 multiplicity of currents or waves either by Wire connection or afradio transmission sy'ss tem, or Wired radio systems,'connectlngiand' existing between the sending and a receiving apparatus conveniently located. Y

1' 1 By the term picturessuitable for-trans mission, I, of course, rnearr'the transmission class. i

to electrically transmita picture, the picture surface must be-analyzed,' scanned,,Or'broken "up into a great multiplicity of parts, dots, A V or segments, by meansofappropriately con trolled light beams and therefiected or trans c mitted light emanating or being transmitted from orthroughany'and every given dOt'O-L' surface-may be converted'into electric cur 1 rent impulses Whose intensities vary inrdi- '20- rect ratio to the intensity of the light itself, that-is, the variations in currentim'pulses' must be in direct proportion to the variations in'intensities in light-and shade inthe picture surface Such a ;modulated current forms the basis of the transmission scheme and my invention particularly refers to an improved 1 means'of obtaining the requisite primary il luminatio-n'of, the picture, dot, segment;v or

, part, that is to be transmitted atany particu- 'larinstant; 1 f1 As shown,the invention appears tobe primarily intendedflfor use in transmitting,

opaque picturesbut fromthe accompanying r. descriptionitwill'at once' become apparent vention to overconie some of the difficulties that it may also be applied to the transmis sion of transparent and semi transparent material by the simple process 0f reversing. theoptical 'syste'mi 5 One' of the outstanding v quirements in pictur'e transmiss onis the pro: vision ot suitable light in abundance, as is understood in the art, in order the variations in the intensity'of light and WGllkIIOWIl to'those skilled in the art towhichthe invention relates.) 'Inpicturetransm'iS sion schemespthe' actual loss oflight is very great" and this is due primarily to the' poor reflecting surface of the material or picture f; being transmitted as the picture itself' or the scanning lens or'both must, of necessity, be, in constant motion. It-follovvs that consid c erable difficulty is also" experienced in bring ing a strong enough light to bear upOn'a rap c9 idly moving spot. Generally speaking, lamps, such as, are, lamps, or cumbersome metal filament lampsmUst be avoided for illumination purposes due to practical reaq sons In practice it is objectionable'to-"usef light from any fixed source because of the fact thatthe'obj ect's or scanning lens. of the transmissionsystem is always' in' constant motion and varyinguismnqesare setup between the light source 'a nd theilluminated'spot; "To '70 arrange Vanarc lamp orother bulky formof light source in a'manner such that it travels across the picture surface in am preferred? manner v1's also most objectionable for {*ine'i chanical reasonsjand because of the mech' ani cal diflicu'ltiesj encountered is system of tliischaracten c l v a V It is also underStQod that thelight ray, fas reflected from "an'illuminat'ionpicture "surf-j face or spot, or',as directed through a'transparent .or semi-transparent picture surface or material, must be conveyed ultimatelytoa: photoelectric cell or element suitable for prod-'7; ducing. current variations in accordance with shade in the, picture. This requires'the use of a? lens of suitable size and focus .WlllCll must, of necessity, tr avelfwith orscan' the illuminated spot and such" a lens should be located near the picture'surface In practice 1 a distance from one half to one inch has been found 'quite a suitable distance for. placing the lens from the picture-surface. o "i It is, therefore, an object of myi-present ininvolved in the use of light systems for :ana-r ly'zing or scanning pictures, ,as above ,set' forth. l f q 7. Still another-object of my invention is to 7 provide a compact and convenient arrange- 1m? inarranging a the severalindividual lights: coming downat various angles; to. the picture surface. has the ment of a light source which will provide light intensities considerably greater than.

those now used, so-far asI am aware, for the purpose of illuminating a picture surface for the purpose of analyzing the picture.

Stillanother object of myinvention f is to produce a system of; lights, arrangedfo-r an-' alyzing a picture to be transmitted, in which the lights are of such a size that they may conveniently travel with. thejanalyzi-ng systern and photo celliforsproducing currentva riations 1n accordance w1th the varlations n intensity of light and shade in'the picture" surface. V .V

Still another object of myinvention is to producea light systemjin. which the use ozfi advantageof givinga better distribution of thelight so that there will not he undue rei-l flectionfrom the ink ona part of the picture which, might happen if theilight was all coming in one direction and the. anglesof theink surface were such. as to give almost the correct. angle between the, incident. and the, re.-

flected. light to-send a. bit of light, to. the photo. cent Still another oloject of invention islto.

producea light system composed of a plural ity of light sourcesv surrounding a scanning.

lenssystein in which theaverage illumination which is producedY-is more satisfactory in giving; greater, difierenti'ationbetween, white and blackporti ons of the. picture. surface.

Still aiurther. object of my invention isto; produce; an adjiistabl'e. diaphragm system po.-; sitioned between thej analyzing lens and the.

pl otofcell so'that 'the, exact size of unit pick- .up bylthe photo cellmay be. made adjustalolev 'to fitthe, gifven line. advance; of. the picture surface. and thegsize of...detail, desired. In

thisl constru'ction it isdes'irabletofocus that "portion of the. picture illuminated; exactly ponthe diaphragm-{although this is not sentlal'.

Other objects. of my inventionare. to. pro- (luce, in a manner to be hereinafter set forth,

an illumination system. for illuminating pic" ture surfaces for the purpose of analyzing.

and to produce, an illumination systemwliich is. compact. in its arrangement,v durable, con venient to. install, a. system; which occupies theminimum amount of space, a system;

which is; inexpensive, as; well as. a system which is: fool-prooi'and highly efficient in its USE; i I Other and ancillary objects of'my invention will beapparent from a reading of the fol lbwi ng specification and claims when considered together with; the accompanying drawingswhich form a; part ofmy disclosure. I

13h the accompanying drawings illustrating my invention in one of its preferred em-hodi f nts.

Fig. 1 illustrates a sectional View taken on the line 11 of Fig. 2 and shows a portion of the light systems; and, v

Fig. 2 illustrates afront view of my illumie nation system looking at Fig. 1 from the end thereof nearest. Fig. 2, as shown loythe .drawn s i r .1; .113: .51. n accordance with my invention Iyhave provided a system wherein I have arranged a series-of smal'l concentratedinstal -filament liamp's;.preferahl y ofe'qu-al size and intensity, on a circle concentric w th a scannlng lens and have interposedhetw'eeir" the circle of concentric lamps and the spot on the picture surface to 'be illuminated, condensing lenses of suitable diameters and focallengths. illhe optical axesfof the lampcombinationsl'should; preferably be arranged conicalwonewtoi the other and at suchan-angle-to the-major; 01E thelight beam fromrthe spot torthe photoelectric cell. as is necessary in i order to .avoidthe light issuing, from the. separate lamps:

striking the scanning lensand its mounting.

In accordance with this arrangementan exs tremely small amount 0t ava lable spaeelis used togreat. advantage andtherillumi-natedspot on the picture surface receivesa constant. amount of highly concentratedli-ghtat all It musthe borne in mi-ndand understood that the reflected. light nay, which influences the photo 0e11,; is preiterahly .aaright angles to the plane ot the picture. sllriz'ace which is. illuminated and I have ,found' an angle ot. approximatelyf; 9 betweeneach of the minor light. beams and; the major; beam to be quite: satisfactory although the question of .the

. angleused is merelyone -o-f choice and One.

arrangedas the four; corners of a square-,-;h ave been sults, N ring. drawings I have illustrated the separate-light source 1 as directing ithein individual 1 light beams along the paths 3 to; condensing lenses.

found togive quitdsatisfactory re-f issuing lightasapoint. source Zupon; a pict-ure; surface 9., r

. 5 in such a mannerthat they alldirect thelllitonly a: bf'whi h s s wn 7 which may, if desired*,. rotate inzsteprby-stepf movement. in the;direction ofthejarnow tteii he i ht sai -me as v un uhaveman-a:

iii

and forth acrossfthe drum, or, in the second case, a spiral; path, longitudinallyofj the drum. -j;In the case, aszshown, however, the system has particularly adapted for the'first;

namedtype of motion ofthe lens and drum systems and, it is tobe understood, in order to change the system into the second type all that is necessary is to wrap the picture sur facecompletely around the drum 11 andconti-nuously rotate thesame at .a suitable and desired rotational speed. 'Ashas been shown, thepicture surface 9 may be advanced contin '7 ually with respect to thedrum 11 by -means' I v V I left uncovered in the dlaphragm. y..

- of rollers 13and 15."

' ;The,lightt directed fromthe separate lamps 1 alongfthe individual-paths 3 to focus itself bymeans of -l3l16' condensing lenses 5 as a point source 7 is then reflected at from the picture surface 9, as shown, back toward a scanning-lens system 17. The function of theiscanning lensisy'stem V1? is to collect the light reflected from the picture surface 9 at the point 7 and to direct the same to the photoelectric element or cell 19 arranged to produce variations in electric current strengthin accordance with the pointfor point intensity of light and shade on the picture surface. Ereferably, the photo cell is contained within the light o'paqueg'housing 21 so'thatsit may be uneffectedbyexternal light, other than that light whichreachesthe cell asa reflected light 7 beam from the picture surface. The cell 19 may be associated with any desired type of amplifying circuit,andI have-found a suit:

able arrangement may consist, for example,

of ;,a system? substantially similar to the ar-i rangementdisclosed in certain of my copending applications, for example, Serial'No. 695,17 5, filed February 26,1924; or Serial No,

726,235,, filed July-'16, 1924.

The scanning lens system 17 is carried in'a light tube member 23 which extends from the screen or shield portion 25 about the lens 17 back to the; point wherelthe housing 21 is.

preferably mounted. The screen or shield portion 25 is for the purpose of preventing internal or straylight reflections from influencing the scanning lens and in turn. the photocell. This tubular portiona23'is rigidlysecured to the light tight housing 21 and is, as shown, carried therewith backand forth longitudinally of the drum member 11.

i'lLocated within the light tube member23 are a'series of battle rings 27 and29, for the purpose of preventing reflected light from the sides of. the tubularhousingfrom-reach- 0e11,, Asshown, the baffle ring 29fis of slightly larger size than the o ri ngg27 iii-L as'much'as the light from the pointsource 7 as sin 'athrou hithe soannin or. anal zin a, C}, p a a such an appropr lens system 17 ba'ckfto the photocell 19 di -1 vergesin direct proportion to the length'ofthe path "between the picture surface and the photo cell., I l n Positioned betweenthe end of: the light tube member. carrying the bafflering .29 and the photo cell 19 I have arra'ng'edan adjust-- able diaphragm member, generally designated 37; This diaphragm is preferably made of'a' fiatpieceof metal secured either to. the. housing 21 or to the light tube memberand is provided with two slidable members 39j(only"one of which is shownfor con-- venience of illustration);These: slidable I members are positioned and adjustable at right angles with respect to eachj other by means of a screw. adj ustment' a1 and are soarranged as to limit the size of the final hole 7 means it is possible to change the height or breadth of the holewhich is done by screwing uponone orthe other,'o'r both, slidable memv .bers 39 togive eXactlythe size of opening desired. 1 a; 'The entire optical systemI-including the analyzing ;or scanning, lens 17 throws back more of an image. than; is desirable to use By means of theadjustablediaphragm 37 the ex'act si ze of unit, pick-up ismade to fit the given line advance of the picture surface and the amount of detail desired. (Inthisconnection the portionof the picture illuminated isfocused direcLly on thediaphragm, and

the scanning; lens or microscopic lens 17 is of iate focal length'asto fitthis condition. .-I

The metalfilament lampsl are carried by' supporting brackets 3L which are. mounted from a support ring'33 carriedby thelight 10 5 ably adjustably mounted with respect to the,

tube member, 23., These; lights are prefer;

supporting brackets so asto enable thelamp. Y filament location withrespect .tofthe con-:1

densing lenslsy'stems 5 ,to be; critically adjusted. Similarly, the lens systems 5 are carried from the same supporting ring-33 which supports the brackets for carrying the lamps 1 although, as shown,'th'e, condensing lens sys-: tems are not adjustable with respect to the supporting ring.

tions of operation it has been'found-that equally satisfactory results may be obtained without the use of housing about the illumi-f nation system; Similarly, I have found that small reflectors may, if desiredfbe placed ba'ck'of the lamps 1- so as to reflect-thelight, a which issuesfrom the lamps in @adirection 1 p opposite to that of the lens systems. These reflectors; have= not been illustrated inasmuch as they are, 1f used, of the usual commercial type ancbwould be placed at the" ends of the supporting brackets 81 and arrangedback of the lamps-Isa as torefiect the light ssuing from the Vlamps back toward the lens eye'- If. desired, "the major reflected beamof: ligliitzwhich passes through the light'tubul'ar member 23may be composed of one or any number-of light beams each having its own axisdepending uponthe number of lines it isrequilred to be transmitted at onetime l llhil e the'accompanying drawings illustrateonly one application: of my invention a as applied tothe illumination of opaque pictures, from the above description itoan readi ly be seen that a transparent or semi-transparent picture may also be similarly il l um-ihated by locating the light giving elements Within the confines of a transparent picture drum; In this latter case, also, the light units claims, wherein,

IIclaim': I

1." An illumination system for illuminating of this inventionasdefined by the following w picture surfaces for analyzing purposes in the" transmission thereof which includesa pluralityof light sources each arranged concentricallywith respect to-ea'c'h other, a picture surface for transmission, means fordirectmg the 7m light fromeach? of said concentrically a ranged'light'surfaces to a single point on said picture surface, means r' or redirecting the light from'saidpicture surface, and photo- N electric rheafns for producing electric current.

" variations when subject to the influence ofthe redirected. light rays so as to produceelectric currents varied in direct proportion to'f-the. varying intensities of l ght and shade on the picture surface. I

2. Any analyzing systemrfor picture surfaces to be transmitted which includes anan- 7 :aly zing lenssystem, a photoelectric cellar-f ranged along the focal path o fsa-i'dl ens syistern, a' plurality of light sources arranged V concentrically about said analyzing, lens sys-;

tem, meanstor directing lightrtrom: each of said lightsources at angle; With respect teapjoint onsaid picturesurface and at an angle cost with respectto the opticalraxis of saidanalyzthrough said; analyzing: lens system to: saidphotoelectric member for producingelectri es ingglensisystelm: andmea-ns for redirecting: the

Y lightiirorn sa-idipoiint on said picture surface:

1 cal current variations tlfierein iin direct pro 1., seegooo.

portion to the! varying intensities-o "light and shadeon the said pieture surfaceb I f 3. An analyzing system tor I trans itting pictures whiclrfincludes-a picture surface to be transmitted, an analyzinglensgsystern for analyzing the varying i ntensiti'es of light. and

shade. 1 in a picture surface for transmission tnbul'arhousingmfori sup-portingsaid' lens systenn; a photoelectric :cell supported at one endof said tubular housing; for said lens sys tem, a plurality oflight sourcescarr-ie'd by said tubular "housing" and 7 arranged concen "trically with respect. to-f'said, analyzing lens tua'e surface.

4 a An analyzing: system 5505 analyzing pi-c a tures'for;transmission which includes a pie ture 'surfacezfor transmission, an analyzing lens systenr supported adjacent said picturesiu-tace, a tubular housing. for supporting said lens system a'photoelectric cell carried at the end of said housing opposite said" lenssystem, plurality ofrlightsources supported by saidtubular housing. for said l'ens 'system and 1 naount'ed. concentrically with respect thereto, condensing lens systems for direct ing the light issuing from all of said light sources to .a. single point on the said picture surface along paths extending at? ananglewith respect tothe: axiszof said tubul'arhousing for said analyzing lens system,' andmeans provided; by the reflected light from said picelectric currents through said fp'hotocell hiclr'are variedfi n accordancewith e the varying point for lpoint intensitiesof lightand shade on the said picture surface;-

5 Anillumination systelnyfor analyzing picturescfor' transmission which includes aa picture supportsurface, a picture surfacecarried thereby; an opticalanaly'zing lens system mounted adjacent sai-d picture sur face an'dat right angles-"Withrespect thereto;

an elongated tubularli'ousing for supporting saidianalyzing lens system atone end thereof;

a plurality: oi adjustably 'mounte'd jl ight sources carried by said tubular housing and arranged concentrically about said housing, 7.

a plurality of lens SYS tQHlS ZLlSO carried by said housingfand arranged concentrically.

with respect f thereto for directing the from; each of said-individual light sourcesf as point source on said picture surfacexcori responding to the ,fccus-pointiofsaid analyzingjlens sy'stem,nieans'providedbysaid ana-" lyzin g lens system'f'o'r directing there flect'ed 1.05 ture surfacepassingthroughsaidanalyzing lens system'to. said 'photoic'ell for producing cludes, in addition, a plurality of battle rings carried by said tubular housing for preventing reflected light from the edge of said housing from reaching the said cell, whereby only the light passed direct from said analyzing lens systeminfluences the said photoelectric cell. a i

7. The system claimed in claim 5 including,

in addition, a shield arranged about saidana- V lyzing lens system for screening the said lens and its associated photo cell from internal and stray light reflections.

8. An analyzing system for transmitting pictures which includes a picture surface to be transmitted, an analyzing lens system for an-' alyzing the varying intensities of light and shade in a picture surface for transmission, a tubular housing forsupporting said lens system, a shield portion for shielding the said lens system from undesired light carried by r the portion of said housing supporting said lens system, a photoelectric cell supported at one end of said tubular housing for said lens,

system, a plurality of light sources carried by said tubular housing and arranged concentrically-with respectto said analyzing lens system, means for directing the light from a said plurality of light sources to a common point on said picture surface, and means provided by said lens system for influencing the said photoelectric cell bythe light reflected from said picture surface so as to produceelectric currents through said photoelectric cell varied in direct proportion to the varying intensities of light and shade in said picture surface. Y i I 9. In an analyzing system for picture transmission apparatus, a picture surface arranged for transmission, a scanning lens system for scanning said picture to be transmitted, a tubular housing for supporting said lens in one end thereof and adj acent said picture surface, an illumination system sur-- rounding said lens'and housing and arranged i said scanning lens into proportionate variable strength electric current pulses.

10. A system for illuminating picture'surfaces for analyzing purposes which includes a plurality of light sources and means associa'ted therewith fordire'cting the light issuing from each of said sources to a single point r on a. picture surface to be transmitted, means for redirectingthe light striking the said picture surfaces as a point source, photoelectric means for producing electric current variations proportional to the varying tensities of light andshade. at the said point 7 on the picture surfaces, and an adjustable diaphragm positioned between said means for redirecting the light and said photoelectric means forregulating the amount of detail in the picturetransmitted'and adjusting the system for a predetermined line advance of the picture surface.

11. An analyzing system for picture surfaces to be transmitted which includes an analyzing lens system, a photoelectric cell arranged along the' focal path of said lens system, a plurality of concentrically arranged tem, means for directing light from each of said light sources at an angle with respect to anelemental area on the picture surface and at an angle with respect to the optical axis of said analyzing lens system, means provided by saidanalyzing lens system'for redirecting thelight from said elemental area on said picture surface to said photoelectric member for producing electrical current variations therein in direct proportion to the Varying intensities of light 'and shade on said picture surface,and an adjustable diaphragm member positionedv between said analyzing lens system and said photoelectric member for controlling the amount oflight reaching said photoelectric member.

annularly with respect thereto for illumin'ating the said picture surface, means carried sponding to the focal point of said lens sy's-' V tem, and means at the end of said housing opposite said lens system for translating varying intensities of light and shade on the ele-

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