US1814966A

US1814966A - Art of anchorage devices

Info

Publication number: US1814966A
Application number: US249900A
Authority: US
Inventors: Rosenberg Heyman
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1928-01-27
Filing date: 1928-01-27
Publication date: 1931-07-14
Anticipated expiration: 1948-07-14

Description

July 14, 1931. H. ROSENBERG 1,314,965 ART 0F ANCHORAGE DEVICES I 7 Filed Jan. 27, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet l y 1931- H. ROSENBERG 1,814,966

ART OF monomer: DEVICES Filed Jan. 2?, mu 2 Shouts- Sheet 2 gwuzntoo WWW Patented July 14, 1931 l 1 14 9 v UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE HEYMAN ROSI'JNBERG, or NEW YORK, N. Y. me or ANCHORAGE DEVICES Application filed Ianuary'27, 1928. Serial No. 249,900.

This invention relates to improvements in and arrangements of parts, as will be subsethe art of anchorage devices of the character quently specified and claimed. adapted for anchorage in or to metal work In the accompanying drawings, and for the securing of separate sheets of Figure 1 is a view in side elevation of an metal Work together, and more particularly anchorage device embodying the features of to such devices as are adapted to cause the the present invention and produced accordmatcrial of the metal work to flow in a cold ing to the art thereof. 1 g condition to a position relative 'to the an- Figure 2 is an end view of the same before chorage device for resisting withdrawal the ornamental cover plate and its anchorage thereof. For purposes of illustration, but have been applied. I not of restriction, the present invention re-" Figure 3 is an end view of the same after lates to improvements in that class of anthe application of said ornamental cover plate chorage devices under which fall the subjects and anchorage. matter of the following.United States Let- Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 1 of a ters Patents granted tome: No. 1,299,232, modified embodiment of the improved anclated April 1, 1919; No. 1,411,184, dated chorage device. I March28, 1922; No. 1,465,148, dated August Figure 5 is a somewhat similar View of a 14, 1923; N 0. 1,482,151, dated January 29, modified form of the anchorage device, the 1924 No. 1,485,202, dated February 26, 1924; ornamental cover plate being seen in eleva- N 0. 1,526,182, dated February lO, 1925, and tion.

No. 1,545,471, dated July 7, 1925. Figures 6 and 7 are end views of the struc- T he primary object in view is provision tureseen in Figure 5, the former before for facility in variation of the form, shape, the ornamental plate has been applied, and or appearance of a portion or portions of the the latter afterward. a 25 anchorage device subsequent to the harden- Figure 8 is a fragmentary view, partly ing of the work-entering means of such anin elevation and partly in vertical central chorage device. a section, through thehead portion, orna- 1 With this and further objects in view as mental plate, and anchorage pin of the struc- Will in part hereinafter become apparent ture seen in Figure 5. and in part be stated, the invention comprises Figure 9 is a view, partly in elevation and the production and product of an anchorage partly in longitudinal section, ofa further device having a'hardened work-entering part modified embodiment of the invention; and a soft part adapted to be varied inform, F lgurc- 10 is a view, partly in elevation and shape, or appearance subsequent to the partly in section, of a still further modified hardeningof said entering part. embodiment of the invention, the section be- The invention further comprises the proing taken along the cutting edge of a rib. duction of an anchorage device having a Figure 11 is afragmentary, sectional elehardened Work-entering part and a soft part vation of the entering end portion of the drive adapted for further manipulation subsescrew ype of anchorage device as seen in qncnt to the hardening. Figures 1 and 10.

The invention also comprises an anchorage Figure is a View similar to Figure 10 of device of the type and form having a haw a further modified embodiment. ened part and and a soft part. i Figure 13 is a view in side elevation of a 45' The invention further comprises in greater 'z mllificd embodiment of the invention illusdetail ananchorage device having a body trated asapplicd in work. provided with a hardened rib and with a Figure 14 is a similar View of the same relatively soft terminal portion. after the soft terminal has been changed in The invention still further comprises cerform. 50 tain other novel constructions, combinations, Figure 15 is a VlOW similar to Figure 13 of a further modified embodiment, the work being indicated in dotted lines.

Figures 16 and 17 are views of a still further embodiment corresponding to Figures 13 and 14.

A problem has arisen in the use of such anchorage devices as set forth in my aboveidentilied patents especially where a finely finished job is required, such, for example, as the securing of plush, tapestry, and like fine fabrics to the frame and other parts of the interior of closed automobile bodies. To prevent the exposure of what may appear to be either a screw head or a rivet head, it has been proposed to cover the exposed terminus of the anchorage devices securing the fabrics with a snap button or like concealing expedient. My said improved anchorage devices are marketed with ribs or threads hardened so as to enter soft iron or soft steel substantially without injury to the ribs or threads, and as a convenient and inexpensive mode of production, the anchorage devices' are customarily case-hardened to provide the requisite hardening of the thread or rib, and this, of course, includes a hardening of the ends of the anchorage device which, accordingly, resist any subsequent manipulation. Attachments applied to either end of any such anchorage device must, therefore, be secured thereto without modification of the respective end portion of the anchorage device. The present invention contemplates providing all of the advantages of the improved hardened thread or hardened rib anchorage device while providing available means forming part of such device susceptible of modification in contour to facilitate subsequent treatment of the anchorage device whether for application of a terminal cover or for other purposes as hereinafter indicated.

One of the important needs is facility of transformation of the appearance of a terminus or termini of such anchorage devices as above discussed. Such transformation may consist of the application of a form of covering or may consist, as hereinafter indicated, of an alteration in the shape of the terminus itself. The nature of the invention will be better understood by detailed reference to the accompanying drawings, in Figures 1, 2, and 3 of which is illustrated a pin of the type now commonly known as a metallic drive screw (as distinguished from a wood drive screw), the drive screw being of the form and nature set forth in my United States Le.ters Patent No. 1,482,151, and comprising a body or root diameter 1 having outstanding ribs 2 extending along the body and spirally about the same at a relatively high pitch, the ribs being hardened sufficiently for entering metal, such as soft iron or soft steel, substantially without injury to the ribs, and being proportioned, spaced, and located for causing material entered by the ribs to flow into the valleys between the ribs and into intimate contact with the sides of the ribs and with the,

root diameter 1 when the device is driven into work by having the entering end or pilot 3 inserted into a bore in the work of a size snugly receiving the pilot and then being hammer driven or otherwise forced into the work by axially exerted ressure. The entering end portion 3 is re erred to as a pilot because it functions to guide the pin during,

its advance into work and this guidingaction includes maintenance of the pin in a rectilinear path for effecting the required action of the ribs with respect to the work into which they are entering. At the opposite end from the pilot 3, the body or root diameter 1 is provided with a head 4, all constructed in substantial accordance with the details of contour set forth in my last aboveidentified patent. It is important to note that, by preference, the pilot 3 is of reater diameter than the diameter of the body 1 so as to afford an interlocking shoulder presented upward or toward the head 4 across and closing each of the valleys between ribs 2, as will become apparent by reference to Figure 11 of the accompanying drawings.

In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1, 2, and 3, the head 4 is drilled or otherwise formed with an axial bore 5. The pin or anchorage device, consisting essentially of the

parts

1 and 2 with the

parts

3 and 4 preferably alsopresent, is case-hardened by preference for providing the required hardness of the ribs 2. The casehardening processis preferably carried out in the usual manner of cyanide case-hardening, so that the pilot 3' and head 4 are also hardened when the ribs and surface of the body or root diameter 1 are hardened. Care is exercised to harden the threads to a degree sufficient to enable them to cut or enter metal, suchas soft iron or soft steel, substantially without injury to the threads, without hardening to the point of brittleness. It is possible, of course, to harden only the ribs and leave the head 4 soft, or the head 4 and pilot 3 soft, by .a quenching process restricted to the ribbed areas of the root diameter 1. That is to say, the head 4 and pilot 3 (if the pilot 3 is to be soft) may be covered with heat insulating material, and the middle area of the ribbed portion of root diameter 1 may be placed in position to intersect the arc of an electrical furnace, and then the quench may be applied only to middle portions of the root diameter 1 until the required'tempering and hardening of ribs 2 is effected without appreciably hardening the head 4 or the pilot 3. This is, of course, an involved, delicate and diflicult process and will not ordinarily be preferred although well within the intent and scope of the present invention. A better commercial dud ened rib 6r hardened thread body consists in case-hardening theentire anchorage device, includin'gthe body 1, ribs 2, pilot 3, and I r to those skilled in the art, but for illustrative 1 :ing oil subsequent to the regular case-har molten metal (such as lead or solder duction into a highly heated bath of temperpurposes, the dipping of the head 4 into at a temperature of approximately 600 will effect the result desired. If the pilot 3 is desired to be softened, the temper will be drawn in the same manner. Or the temper may be drawn from the head 4 or pilot 3 by introing process. Annealing in the oil bath may be accomplished at lower temperature than v stated for the molten metal bath, but the parts must be held inthe bath .plOnger.

proportionally A further and very effective method of 'obtaining pins or drive screws embodying the present invention comprises first electro-plating the parts to be left'soft and then casehardening as usual, the electro-plated parts resisting entry of the cyanide into the pores of the metal and thereby causing the electroplated part to remain soft. For example,

when the drive screw or pin is completed except for the hardening process, the body or root diameterand ribs of the pin and any other part to be hardened may be coated wit shellac or other resisting substance, the balance of the-pin being then pickled or otherwise thoroughly cleaned. The drive screw is then introduced into the electroplating bath and plated on that part or those parts not protected by shellac. Other plating resisting means may be used than an added lacquer or coating of course, as, for instance, the oil and a other foreign matter accumulated during manufacture under some conditions will ade-' quately resist plating. Copper is preferably employed as theplating metal, but, of course,

. any other acceptable metal may be used. The

drive screw is the ready for the case-hardening operation, which may be carried out without any variation from the regular process of producing drive screws completely case-v hardened. But the result will be a hardened.

thread product with a soft head or other soft part or parts according ,to the extent of. the electroplating.-

Whatever process or method is employed, when applied to the pilot 3, it is preferable to leave at least tbe.upper surface of the upper end of the pilot (the upper referring to the direction toward the head of the drive screw) hard or sufliciently hard to effectively assist in resisting withdrawal stresses.

Thus thefinished anchorage device has the appearance and functional capacity in every detail of the anchorage device disclosed in my said United States Letters Patent No.

1,482,151, except that the head 4 is not hhrdened and in some instances, hereinafter iscussed, the pilot 3 may also be soft. It should be borne in mind that the terms hard and soft herein employed are intended to have that significance regularly accepted by those skilled in metal workin the working of iron and steel whereinhardened iron and hardened steel are well known and distinct from soft iron orsoft steel.

When the anchorage device as seen in Fig? ure 1 is applied to the work, so that the .end

of the head 4 is exposed, as seen in Figure 2,

a finished appearance may be given to. it in any of various ways, as, for example,.by the provision of an ornamental cap 6, which may be secured to the head 4 by various appropriate securing means, one of which is shown in Figure 1, and consists of a drive screw 7 identical in form and function with the anchorage and particularly in' device set forth in my said United States Letters Patent No. 1,482,151. The pilot 8' of the drive screw 7 is dimensioned to be snugl received by thebore 5 of head 4, andthe ribs or threads of the drive screw 7 enter the material of the head 4 and cause it to flow to an interlocking position so as to permanently anchor the ornamental cap 6 on the head 4 to give the finished appearance desired. The ornamental cap 6 may assume 'any of numerous configurations, one of which is illustrated in the drawings as consisting of a plate Sprovided with ornamental bulbous or foliate marginal lobes 10, and provided with a central apertures 11 for the passage of the drive screw 7. The head 12 of drive screw 7 is proportioned to correspond to the bulbous lobes 10 and give a finished floral appearance. Any other desired ornamental configuration may be similarly utilized.

In Figure 4 the anchorage device, so far'as the present invention is concerned, is identical with that seen in Figures 1, 2, and 3, and

the same reference numerals have, therefore,

been applied to the head and its associated parts, the balance of the showing including a bod or root diameter 13 being provided with t e hardened gimlet screw threadsv 14 extending to the tip of the tapered entering end 15. Obviously, the difference'between the showing in Figure 1 and in Figure 4- is the difference between two of my patented: anchorage devices, and illustrates the applica tion ofthe present invention to the hardened thread gimlet screw type of anchorage device.' The desc'riptionof the present invention above given as appliedto Figure 1 is, Y

,therefore,-eq'ually applicable to Figure 4.

In Figures. 5 to 8 inclusive, the same anchorage device as seen in Figure 4 is illustrated having the same head 4, the head 4 vbeing of soft metal while the root diameter 13 and thread 14 are hardened. The head 4 is provided with the kerf or slot 16, as seen in Figure 6, for receiving the screw-driver or rotating instrument when the anchorage device is being applied. The head is formed with the central bore 5, the same as in Figures 1 and 4, to receive the shank 7 of a drive screw identical with the drive screw 7, except that the head of drive screw 7 is formed up into an ornamental configuration 12. In other words, the part 12" takes the place of the

parts

12, 10, and 9 of Figure 1, and the part 12 has the drive screw body portion 7 outstanding as an integral projection therefrom, so that there is no need for assemblage of parts when the drive screw 7 is inserted into place.

In Figure 9 the same form of anchorage device as seen in Figures 4 to 8 inclusive is employed, and the same reference numerals have been applied, and the same description will equally apply. The head 4 of the anchorage device 13 of Figure 9 is provided with the same central bore 5 as the head 4 in i the several other figures to receive the drive it is only necessary to insert the pilot of the drive screw 7 into the exposed end of bore 5 and to strike the head 12 a hammer blowto drive the drive screw 7 b to its seated position in the bore 5. The blow delivered to the head 12 must, of course, be received by the fabric 17, but the blow is notof sufficient force or extent to injure the fabric. This will be appreciated from the (proportionally relatively small size of the rive screw 7" with res ect to the area of the head 12". The fabric 1 will have been drawn to the under side of the head 12 before application of the drive screw 7 in aperture 5, and thus, when the' drive screw 7 is seated, as seen in Figure 9, the marginal portions of the fabric 17 will be' clamped between the head 12 and the outer surface of the head 4. Thus quick, easy, and effective anchorage of an ornamental and beautifying finish is permanently secured to the anchoragedevice and s'ufiiciently modifies the appearance thereof as to destroy the suggestion of a mere head of a screw or rivet head.

- In Figures 10 and 11 is shown a slight modification, being practically identical in the matter of the type of anchorage device seen in Figure 1, except that the pilot is indicated as case-hardened, but differing from Figure 1 in the contour of the head. In these figures the body or root diameter 1 is provided with the ribs 2 and the pilot 3, which outstands beyond the root diameter to provide the shoulders 18 after the manner seen in Figure 5 of the drawings of my United States Letters Patent No. 1,482,151. The exposed or head end of the root diameter 1 is formed into a head 19 of substantially conventional contour for receiving the conventional snap button 20, which may have any fanciful or beautifying finish. In the common commercial forms of such devices, the snap button 20 is removably secured by spring arms 21 engaging an overhanging shoulder 22 of the head- 19 for retaining the button 20 firmly in place, except when the button is subjected to a very substantial withdrawing stress, under which the springs 21 will give sufficiently to allow the button to be removed. To facilitate accurate seating of the button 20, it is customary to provide an annulus or washer 23 located at the upper or outer extremity of the body or root diameter 1", and heretofore customarily held in place merely by radial serrations outstanding from the body of the anchorage device or from the lower reduced portion of the head and biting into the inner perimeter of the washer or annulus 23.

However, with the present invention utilized, the head 19 is sufiieiently soft to be altered in contour after the completion of the hardenin process for the ribs 2, and, therefore, the ead is provided with a cylindrical portion 24 proportioned to receive the annulus 23, whereupon material of the head 21 is stamped out into a flange 25 underlying portions of the annulus 23 and securely retaining the same in place to providethe limiting and guiding abutment for the inner extremities of the springs 21. In applying the structure of Figures 10 and 11 to work, the application is made in the usual manner by a hammer blow delivered to the head 19 after the pilot 3 has been introduced into the aperture formed in the work to receive it. The annulus 23 will have been applied at the factory where the anchorage device was made, and is, therefore, in place at the time the anchorage device is driven into the work. As soon as the anchorage device is seated, or at any time thereafter, the operator may snap one of the buttons 20 over the head 19 and the work is finished.

In Figure 12 is illustrated the gimlet screw type of anchorage device identified as the body or root diameter 18 having the hardened thread 14 extending to the tapering tip 15 to function in the manner of the usual gimlet thread anchoring device. The opposite end from the tip 15 is provided with a head 19 similar in all respects to the head 19, except that a kerf or slot 26 is formed in the head 19 to receive the screwdriver or other rotating instrument, since the anchorage device is intended to be threaded into place by rotation instead of being driven to place as occurs with the structure seen in Figure 10. The head 19 is provided with the shoulder 22 to interlock with the spring catches 21 of the snap button 20, and said head 19 is also provided with a cylindrical boss 24 to receive the annulus 23. The boss 24; is designed to bestainped up to form a burred-like flange 25, indicated in dotted lines, to lock thev annulus 23' in place. operation of the structure seen in Figure 12 will be the same as that described with respect to the structure, seen in Figure 10, ex: cept that the anchorage device of Figure 12 is rotated to its seated position instead of being hammer driven thereto.

In Figures 13 and 14 is illustrated a further adaptation of the invention to the auchorage devices of the character seen in my United States Letters Patent No. 1,482,151, in which the usual body portion or root diameter 27 is provided with the ribs or threads 28, and at one end formed with a head 29, and at the other with a pilot 30. The structure may be identical with that shown in my last above-identified patent, and, of course, the threads or ribs 28 are hardened, but, by preference, the pilot 30 is slightly elongated and is left or made soft after the manner above described; so that, when the fastener 31 may be applied to the'pilot before the swagmg is done, so that the final appearance will be that seen in Figure 14. This modification does not materially add to the capacity of the anchorage device, since the anchorage device has already been proved to possess a capacity exceeding that of a rivet, but it does afford a. finished appearance ac ceptable in some work where the projecting pilot is not acceptable, as, for example, in structural ironwork where building regula- I tions require swaging, and such regulations cannot be modified except by legislative consent.

In Figures 16 and 17 is illustrated substantially identically the same structure as seen in Figures 13 and 14, and the same reference numerals have been applied, since the only difference is the.,fact that the pilot 80 of Figure 16 is not elongated and the annulus 31 is not employed in Figure 17. All other features bein identical, the same description as that o the structures seen in Figures 13 and 14-is applicable.

In Figure 15 is illustrated a further slightly modified embodiment in which the root diameter or body 27 is provided with the usual hardened ribs 28" and a pilot 30 at one end and a projecting end portion 29 at the other The end. The part 29 is identical with the pilot 30 and both are made soft or retained soft while the ribs 28 are hardened. Thus, either end of the anchorage device may be inserted into work first, and the operation of driving the anchorage device into place will swage up the projecting end 29 (assuming that to be the driven end) and the pilot 30 may be similarly swaged up after the anchorage device has been seated, so that the parts will take the position indicated in dotted lines and give the appearance of a rivet for the purposes indicated above with respect to Figures 13 and 14.

It should be obvious that in every instance where a portion of the anchorage device is made or left soft and is, therefore, susceptible of modification in appearance or in function or both, that fact in no sense interferes with the regular functioning of the anchorage device for anchorage purposes, and that fact also does not demand the actual modification of which the part is capable. Also, the advantages and utilities indicated and set forth above in the provision of a. soft part or parts to an anchorage device having hardened parts indicate some of the desirable reasons for the present invention, others being apparent.

It will, of course, be understood that the drive screw 7, or its equivalent 7 or 7*, will be preferably anchored in place by the usual hammer blow, but may be forced axially by any means affording the requisite pressure to seat the drive screw and to cause the ribs thereof to enter the material of the surrounding walls and cause the same to flow to the impinging and interlocking position required. Also, it will be observed that the anchorage devices seen in Figures 4, 5, 9, and 12 are of the form referredto as gimlet thread type, the body of the structure as seen in each of Figures 4, 5, and 9 terminating in an entering tip 15, and, as seen in Figure 12, in a similar entering tip 15". The wide angle, low pitched thread employed produces a structure closely simulating in physical appearance that of an ordinary wood screw, except that the body or root diameter in each instance of the structures seen in Figures 4,

part may be provided for other uses and purposes, such as increasing the bearin on the exposed portions of the work or elimmating a protruding projection.

tion or appearance, but 0 viously the soft While several illustrative embodiments of hardeneddevices for anchorage have been dey g scribed and others adverted to herein, all for :,use with metal work, such as soft iron or to assist in the anchoring action and a soft steel, and other hard substances, such as fiber, bakelite, hard rubber, and the like, the present invention is not limited to such illustrative instances but includes any anchorage device wherein a part is hard in order art is soft in order to facilitate further mani pulation, whether for increasing the effectiveness of the anchorage or for varying the appearance or character of the anchorage device or any part thereof.

The modification in appearance of the entering end of the anchoring device as seen in Figures 14 and 17 may be further varied by the carrying out of an operation such as conducted with reference to the structures seen in Figures 1, 4, 6 and 9, in re ard to the ornamentation of the head; or t 1e soft part or soft parts may be otherwise treate as found desirable incident to their soft condition.

Specific claims on the details of the con struction of the head of the fastener seen in Figure 10 are presented in my co-pending, divisional application Serial No. 362,019, filed May 10, 1929.

What is claimed is 1. An anchorage device comprising a metal pin having a hardened portion and a soft portion, the hardened portion having an outstanding roj e'ction shaped to cause the hardened con ition to contribute to the anchorage capacity of the device, and the soft portion being adapted to be manipulated incident to its soft condition.

2. An anchorage device comprising a metal pin having a hardened portion adapted to embed itself in metal work incident to its hardened condition and a soft portion, the soft portion being adapted to be manipulated incident to its soft condition.

3. A driven fastener adapted to be embedded in work comprising a metal pin having a hardened portion adapted to enter the material of work incident to its hardened condition and a soft terminal portion adapted to be manipulated incident to its soft condition.

4. An anchorage device comprising a metal pin having a hardened rib for anchorage in work and having a soft portion adapted tobe' manipulated incident to its soft condition after such anchorage.

. 5. An anchorage device comprising a metal pin having a hardened rib for anchorage in work and having a soft portion adapted to be manipulated incident to its soft condition after such anchorage, said rib having a spiral pitch.

6. An anchorage device comprising a metal pin having a hardened rib and a soft pilot,

the pilot being adapted to be manipulated incident to its soft condition after anchorage of the pin in work.

7 An anchorage device comprising a metal pin that having a hardened portion adapted to be anchored in work and a soft pilot for said hardened portion, the pilot being adapted to be manipulated incident to its soft condition after anchorage of the pin in work.

8. An anchorage device comprisin a metal pin having a body portion and a bar ened rib outstanding from said body portion to enter material of surrounding work, the pin having terminal portions extending beyond the terminal portions of the ribbed body portion, and said terminal portions being soft.

9. An anchorage device comprising a metal pin having a body portion and a hardened rib outstanding from said body portion to enter material of surrounding work, the pin having terminal portions extending beyond the terminal portions of the ribbed body portion, and said terminal portions being soft and being of a diameter greater than the diameter of said bod portion, and the rib outstanding laterally eyond the extended lines of said terminal portions.

10. An anchorage device comprising a metal pin having a hardened rib and soft terminal portions, each of the terminal por tions being adapted to be manipulated incident to its soft condition.

11. An anchorage device comprising a metal pin having hardened outstanding ribs extendin enerally in the direction of the length of t e pin and adapted to enter material of work incident to their hardened condition for eifectin anchorage of the pin in work, the (pin having soft terminal portions each of a iameter less than the distance between diametrically opposite outstanding edge portions of the ribs.

12. An anchora e device comprising a pinlike body portion aving hardened outstanding ribs extendin generally in the direction of the length of the body portion and having soft terminal portions, each of the terminal portions being of greater diameter than the diameter of the body portion at the base -of the ribs and of less diameter than the dised, incident to its hardened condition, to be anchored in work and a soft portion formed with a recess for receiving a hardened anchorage device.

15. An anchorage device comprising a metal pin having a hardened portion adapt- 1 1 emesis *1 ed. incident to its hardened condition, to be anchored in work, and a soft head.

16. An anchorage device comprising a metal pin having a hardened portion adapted, incident to its hardened condition, to be anchored in work and a soft head, the head being adapted to have portions of its mass flowed while cold to :1V position for anchoring an article thereto.

17. An anchorage device comprising a metal pin having a hardened portion adapted, incident to its hardened condition, to be anchored in work and having a soft portion adapted to have a portion of the mass thereof flowed while cold for anchoring an article v thereto.

18. An anchorage device comprising a metal pin havinga hardened portion adapted, incident to its hardened condition, to be anchored in work and a soft portion at its end opposite its entering end, and said soft portion being formed with anchorage-receiw ing mean s.

iierial. and means anchoriiwfi to said base for varying the a pparent character thereof.

23. An anchorage device comprising a metal pin having a hardened portion adapted to be anchored in work and a soft portion,

and a hardened anchorage device anchored in said soft portion.

24. An anchorage device comprising a metal pin having a hardened portion adapt- HEYMAN ROSENBERG.

malleable and being formed integral with r and of the same material as the shank.

20. A one iece anchorage device comprising a shank aving an entering end portion, the shank and entering end portion being hardened to a degree sufiic-ient to enable entry of relatively hard material without bending, and a head portion on the other end of the shank integraltherewith and of the same material as the shank, said head portion being malleable and enabling the shank to be driven by hammer blows delivered to th head portion.

21. A one-piece anchorage device'comprising a shank having an entering end portion,

and a driving end portion opposite the entering end portion, the said entering end portion I driven by blows applied to the driving end being hardened to a degree suflicient to enable the same to enter relatively hard material without bending the shank when