US1365499A - Surface-alloyed metal - Google Patents
Surface-alloyed metal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1365499A US1365499A US332694A US33269419A US1365499A US 1365499 A US1365499 A US 1365499A US 332694 A US332694 A US 332694A US 33269419 A US33269419 A US 33269419A US 1365499 A US1365499 A US 1365499A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- chromium
- alloy
- iron
- foundation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/36—Seals between parts of vessels; Seals for leading-in conductors; Leading-in conductors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
- C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K1/00—Details
- H01K1/40—Leading-in conductors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S76/00—Metal tools and implements, making
- Y10S76/04—Chromium
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12458—All metal or with adjacent metals having composition, density, or hardness gradient
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
- Y10T428/12826—Group VIB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12847—Cr-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12993—Surface feature [e.g., rough, mirror]
Definitions
- the present, invention relates to the surface treatment of metals, particularly iron, to produce an alloy with the foundation metal, and which has useful characteristics not possessed by the foundation metal, as,
- the foundation metal such as iron, nickel, molybdenum, or tungsten
- the chromium enters the surface layer of the foundation metal below the melting point of either metal, and forms a layer of alloy decreasing in richness of chromium content from the surface to the interior of the foundation metal, and that the resulting alloy is resistant to corrosion and oxidation, is ductile, not excessively hard, has a bri ht shiny luster, and will take a high polish
- the foundation metal .for example, iron or steel
- the powdered metallic chromium is. admixed with a refractory, inert material
- Non-oxi dizing conditions may be produced by passing a current of non-oxidizing gas such as hydrogen, for example, through the receptacle, or by evacuating the receptacle. It is advantageous in some cases to add a small proportion of powdered metallic aluminum, to the'mixture to prevent oxidation of thechromium.
- a temperature as high as 1500? C. may to advantage be used; in other words, the range of treating temperatures is from 1200 to 1500 C.
- the duration of the treatment will vary with the penetration of alloyagc desired. When a surface layer of alloyage about 30 to 40 mils is desired the treatment-at the proper temperature is continued for about .inent. process without fusion may be termed a 06- mentation alloy to distinguish the same "from an alloy produced by fusion.
- Chromium treated metal similarly to aluminum treated metal resists corrosion in the presence of moisture.
- a salt spray which will rapidly corrode untreated sp aw ndeta nee.
- chromium treated iurface will take a high polish and has a bright luster.
- the chromium treatment causes a decalbonization of the iron.
- the decarbonized alloy shows ferrite structure with absence of carbon.
- the carbon content may be restored and increased if desired by heating the treated metal in a hydrocarbon gas, or in contact with carbon.
- the carburized metal may be quenched in the usual manner to harden the same.
- a foundation metal having a surface layer consisting of a cementation alloy of; chro- 'ing a igh p0 mium with said foundation metal, the chlgw' I mium content ,of' said layer, decreasing to; wan the interior of said meta 'sai'dalldy havln a shiny lustei', being capable of tak-, v ish and being ies stant'qto corq rosion.
- cementatiom the chromium content .(if'said layer decreasin in chromium content from the surface to the interior, sai'd alloy being resistant togorrosion.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Description
- Schenectady, in the county of Schenectady,'
N- FricE.
r norn 'c. KELLEY, .orfscnannnc'rni'ax, vnw YQnx. ASSIGNOR T0 coMPANY, A conro'na'rrolv OENEW YORK.
ennn mn ELECTRIC? SURFACE-ALLOYED METAL.
1; 365,499. H 0 Drawiii gi To azz whom it concern: 1
Be it known that 1,,FLOYD C. KELLEY, a citlzen of the United States, residing at State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Surface-' Alloyed Metals, of which the following is a" A specification.
The present, invention relates to the surface treatment of metals, particularly iron, to produce an alloy with the foundation metal, and which has useful characteristics not possessed by the foundation metal, as,
for example, superior corrosion resisting properties, luster, or color.
I have discovered that when metallic chromium is brought into surface contact under suitable conditions with a foundation metal, such as iron, nickel, molybdenum, or tungsten, that the chromium enters the surface layer of the foundation metal below the melting point of either metal, and forms a layer of alloy decreasing in richness of chromium content from the surface to the interior of the foundation metal, and that the resulting alloy is resistant to corrosion and oxidation, is ductile, not excessively hard, has a bri ht shiny luster, and will take a high polish In carrying out my invention, the foundation metal, .for example, iron or steel, is heated in contact with powdered metallic chromium under non-oxidizing conditions to a temperature of about 1200 to 1350 C. Preferably the powdered metallic chromium is. admixed with a refractory, inert material,
for example, alumina or magnesia, say, in equal proportions or thereabout. Non-oxi dizing conditions may be produced by passing a current of non-oxidizing gas such as hydrogen, for example, through the receptacle, or by evacuating the receptacle. It is advantageous in some cases to add a small proportion of powdered metallic aluminum, to the'mixture to prevent oxidation of thechromium. When treating molybdenum or tungsten with chromium a temperature as high as 1500? C. may to advantage be used; in other words, the range of treating temperatures is from 1200 to 1500 C.
The duration of the treatment will vary with the penetration of alloyagc desired. When a surface layer of alloyage about 30 to 40 mils is desired the treatment-at the proper temperature is continued for about .inent. process without fusion may be termed a 06- mentation alloy to distinguish the same "from an alloy produced by fusion.
polished "and etched, shows a well-defined zone of metal adjacent thesurface in which recrystallization of the foundation metal has taken place by the penetration of the chromium into the foundation metal and alloyage therewith. Crystals extend from the outer band or zone of alloy into the unalloyed foundation metal, and in some cases grains of unalloye d foundation metal extend into the alloy band. I In some instances a well-defined band of alloy appears intermediate the outer chromium alloy and the foundation metal. The grain structure of the chromized metal is usually relatively large, the longer axis of the grains usually extend at right angles to the surface through which the chromium entered.
Chromium treated metal similarly to aluminum treated metal resists corrosion in the presence of moisture. For example, a salt spray which will rapidly corrode untreated sp aw ndeta nee. Patented Jam-11,1921. Application filed'Octobei' '23, 1919. Serial No. 33239;. I
section of the chromized metal, when iron leaves chromized iron unaltered. The
chromium treated iurface will take a high polish and has a bright luster.
The chromium treatment causes a decalbonization of the iron. The decarbonized alloy shows ferrite structure with absence of carbon. The carbon content may be restored and increased if desired by heating the treated metal in a hydrocarbon gas, or in contact with carbon. The carburized metal may be quenched in the usual manner to harden the same.
What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is:
1. The process of providing a metal with a surface alloy of chromium which consists in heating the metal under non-oxidizing conditions in contact with a powdered charge containing metallic chromiumat a temperature of at least about 1200 C., but below the melting point of said metal.
2. The process of providing a metal with a surface alloy of chromium which consists in heating the metal under non-oxidizing conditions at a temperature of at least about 1200 C., but below the melting point of said metal, in contact with a powdered mixw 4. The recess of providing iron with a surface a1 oy'0f chromium which consists in eating the iron in hydrogen in contact with a mixture of chromium, aluminum oxid and aluminum all in; owdered form to a temperature of about l200 to l350 C.
5 As a new article of manufacture, a foundation metal having a surface layer consisting of a cementation alloy of; chro- 'ing a igh p0 mium with said foundation metal, the chlgw' I mium content ,of' said layer, decreasing to; wan the interior of said meta 'sai'dalldy havln a shiny lustei', being capable of tak-, v ish and being ies stant'qto corq rosion.
l *6. A new article of inanufactiii qi comprising an .iron article haying a surface 26 layer iron Chromium alloy produced 1: 7
cementatiom, the chromium content .(if'said layer decreasin in chromium content from the surface to the interior, sai'd alloy being resistant togorrosion.
In witness'wi' erwf, I havehereun'to w my hand this21stday of Qctober, 1919.
FLOYD o. KEL EY,
the surface of I
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US332694A US1365499A (en) | 1919-10-23 | 1919-10-23 | Surface-alloyed metal |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US332694A US1365499A (en) | 1919-10-23 | 1919-10-23 | Surface-alloyed metal |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1365499A true US1365499A (en) | 1921-01-11 |
Family
ID=23299429
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US332694A Expired - Lifetime US1365499A (en) | 1919-10-23 | 1919-10-23 | Surface-alloyed metal |
Country Status (1)
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US (1) | US1365499A (en) |
Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2463342A (en) * | 1943-04-24 | 1949-03-01 | Sol B Wiczer | Metallic coatings |
US2516227A (en) * | 1945-03-10 | 1950-07-25 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Electroplating of chromiummolybdenum alloys |
US2536774A (en) * | 1946-03-07 | 1951-01-02 | Diffusion Alloys Corp | Process of coating ferrous metal and heat pack mixture therefor |
US2555372A (en) * | 1944-10-02 | 1951-06-05 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Method of coating refractory readily oxidizable metals |
US2685543A (en) * | 1951-01-17 | 1954-08-03 | Wearex Corp | Production of chromium carbide surfaced wear resistant ferrous bodies |
US2698810A (en) * | 1950-08-25 | 1955-01-04 | Nat Res Corp | Coating process |
US2763921A (en) * | 1952-01-24 | 1956-09-25 | Thompson Prod Inc | Corrosion and impact resistant article and method of making same |
US2811466A (en) * | 1953-03-18 | 1957-10-29 | Metal Diffusions Inc | Process of chromizing |
US2857297A (en) * | 1951-10-25 | 1958-10-21 | Nat Res Corp | Process of coating molybdenum |
US2858235A (en) * | 1953-03-17 | 1958-10-28 | Jack F Govan | Method of coating |
US2936229A (en) * | 1957-11-25 | 1960-05-10 | Metallizing Engineering Co Inc | Spray-weld alloys |
US3102044A (en) * | 1960-09-12 | 1963-08-27 | United Aircraft Corp | Applying protective coating from powdered material utilizing high temperature and low pressure |
US3249456A (en) * | 1962-11-09 | 1966-05-03 | Union Carbide Corp | Diffusion coating process |
US3312546A (en) * | 1965-10-20 | 1967-04-04 | Bethlehem Steel Corp | Formation of chromium-containing coatings on steel strip |
US3340054A (en) * | 1963-07-24 | 1967-09-05 | Bethlehem Steel Corp | Formation of chromium-containing coatings on steel strip |
US5378426A (en) * | 1992-10-21 | 1995-01-03 | Pall Corporation | Oxidation resistant metal particulates and media and methods of forming the same with low carbon content |
US5557704A (en) * | 1990-11-09 | 1996-09-17 | Pifco Limited | Heating vessel with chromium-enriched stainless steel substrate promoting adherence of thin film heater thereon |
-
1919
- 1919-10-23 US US332694A patent/US1365499A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2463342A (en) * | 1943-04-24 | 1949-03-01 | Sol B Wiczer | Metallic coatings |
US2555372A (en) * | 1944-10-02 | 1951-06-05 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Method of coating refractory readily oxidizable metals |
US2516227A (en) * | 1945-03-10 | 1950-07-25 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Electroplating of chromiummolybdenum alloys |
US2536774A (en) * | 1946-03-07 | 1951-01-02 | Diffusion Alloys Corp | Process of coating ferrous metal and heat pack mixture therefor |
US2698810A (en) * | 1950-08-25 | 1955-01-04 | Nat Res Corp | Coating process |
US2685543A (en) * | 1951-01-17 | 1954-08-03 | Wearex Corp | Production of chromium carbide surfaced wear resistant ferrous bodies |
US2857297A (en) * | 1951-10-25 | 1958-10-21 | Nat Res Corp | Process of coating molybdenum |
US2763921A (en) * | 1952-01-24 | 1956-09-25 | Thompson Prod Inc | Corrosion and impact resistant article and method of making same |
US2858235A (en) * | 1953-03-17 | 1958-10-28 | Jack F Govan | Method of coating |
US2811466A (en) * | 1953-03-18 | 1957-10-29 | Metal Diffusions Inc | Process of chromizing |
US2936229A (en) * | 1957-11-25 | 1960-05-10 | Metallizing Engineering Co Inc | Spray-weld alloys |
US3102044A (en) * | 1960-09-12 | 1963-08-27 | United Aircraft Corp | Applying protective coating from powdered material utilizing high temperature and low pressure |
US3249456A (en) * | 1962-11-09 | 1966-05-03 | Union Carbide Corp | Diffusion coating process |
US3340054A (en) * | 1963-07-24 | 1967-09-05 | Bethlehem Steel Corp | Formation of chromium-containing coatings on steel strip |
US3312546A (en) * | 1965-10-20 | 1967-04-04 | Bethlehem Steel Corp | Formation of chromium-containing coatings on steel strip |
US5557704A (en) * | 1990-11-09 | 1996-09-17 | Pifco Limited | Heating vessel with chromium-enriched stainless steel substrate promoting adherence of thin film heater thereon |
US5378426A (en) * | 1992-10-21 | 1995-01-03 | Pall Corporation | Oxidation resistant metal particulates and media and methods of forming the same with low carbon content |
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