US1343486A - Method of producing artificial respiration - Google Patents

Description

G. P. E. STOLLE.

METHOD 0F PRODUCING ARTIFICML HESPIRATIGN.

APPLICATION msn ocT. 21, 1913.

RENEWED NOV. 4,1918.

Iwmmndlune15,1920.

2 ySHEETS-SHEET I.

yi/ff UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

METHOD 0F PRODUCING ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 15, 1920.

Application filed October 21, 1913, Serial No. 796,460. Renewed November 4, 1918. Serial No. 261,159.

ATo all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORG PAUL EUGEN SToLLE, engineer, a subject of the King of Prussia, and residing at Kiel, Germany, 1 54 Holtenauerstrasse, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods ofv Producing Articial Respiration, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a method of causing artificial respiration, by forcing air rich in oxygen into the lungs, yvhereuponthe filled lungs are emptied again by suction. In the known forms of apparatus operating in this manner, the rhythm of the forcing and the suction is directly dependent upon the'1 partial vacuum and the excess pressure produced in the suction and supply pipe. Although apparatus of this kind has already given good results, some defects have nevertheless been exhibited. For example, in the case of a patient whose lungs, as a result of disease, do not properly fulfil their functions, the rhythm indicated is extraordinarily and unnatnrally accelerated; as a result, overstraining of the lungs is unavoidable, which is so much the more dangerous because such patients are almost always very weak. In the case of injury to the lungs, it is impossible to use such apparatus. lThe chief object of the present invention is to obvate the above mentioned defects and to break entirely new ground..

According to this invention a control mechanism operating without requiring any assistance from the lungs reverses the action from supply to suction and vice versa at periodical adjustable intervals of time. Consequently it is possible to adjust the. respiration periods as desired and this adjustment is preferably based upon the action of healthy lungs. The control mechanism,

which can be constructed in the most diverse manners, can be operated by any convenient media and mechanical means either by hand or automatically. A very simple and obvious method is to employ the respiration gas that is to say, the oxygen itself, as the motive medium for actuating the control mechanism. In this case, the respiration periods can be regulated by throttling the gas supply.

It will, of Course, be understood that care must be taken that over-straining of the respiratory organs is avoided, because the lungs of children and of adults must not of course be supplied with equal quantities of air.

Means to carry out the method described above may vary largely in construction, but the main feature of all construction resides in the fact that the control mechanism is constituted by a piston displaceable in a cylinder under the influences of some of the respiration gas, and by a valve which through displacement by the piston controls the supply of the gas that drives the same. This valve can be constructed in such a manner that in addition to controlling or distributing the gas that drives the piston it also controls the passage of the respiration gas to and from the patient. It is advantageous to so arrange the parts that the gas expelled from the cylinder by the movements of the piston unites with the respiration gas proper. The control mechanism conducts the respiration gas alternately into a suction chamber or compartment and a supply chamber or compartment which participate in the movements of the valve; all the moving parts can be inclosed in a casing which can also serve for conduction of the respiration gas, as hereinafter more fully described.

In order to increase the reversal from suction to supply and vice versa and to improve the operation of the apparatus as a whole, provision may be made to insure that in its end positions or in one of them, the valve is held by a resilient member so that the reversal takes regularity of the place in overcoming an opposing force con-- stituted by this member and is, therefore, correspondingly accelerated. This resilient member may be constituted by a resilient plate forming a partition which serves to prevent the supply and suction gases from uniting. p y

Means to carry this method are shown in the accompanying drawings which are an elevation of an embodiment of the invention in the two characteristic positions.

In the apparatus illustrated in the drawings and hereinafter described, l is a chamber into which two supply nipples 2, 3 open; these nipples serve for connection with a bottle or other reservoir containing the respiration gas, the nipple 2 being provided with a screw 4 for regulating the supply of gas. Inside the chamber 1 a cylinder 5 is fixed, vand in this cylinder a piston 6 provided with a piston rod 7 is displaceable upward and downward. On the front end of the piston rod is provided a tapper 8 which is geared in a gap 9 of a movable slide valve 10 and commands its end positions.

The slide valve 10, which is provided with a bore'11 is guided in a box 12 connected with the cylinder 5, and also in a bush 13, which is fixed in a chamber 1. In addition to its 4longitudinal bore 11, the slide valve 10 comi I prises va series of ports coperating with ports in the wall of the cylinder 5. The three ports 14, and 16 in the valve coperate with the cylinder 5, the ports 1 4 and 15 permitting of passage from the longitudinal bore 11 to the ports 17 and 18 and consequently to the interior of the cylinder 5 alternately when the valve 10 moves upward and downward, while the annular port or passage 16 serves to permit fresh gas to pass by way of a pipe 19 fitted tothe nipple 2 into the i space above or below the, piston 6 according to the position of the valve 10.

The chamber 1 is fixed inside a casing which as regards its external form is comf posed of three parts, namely an upper chamand lower the control ber v2O, a middle portion 21, and a lower cylindrical extension 22. A resilient plate 23 is clamped by its edge in the wall of the middle portion 21, which plate serves to raise mechanism with considerable acceleration and also serves to divide the entire inner space of the casing into a supply compartment and a suction compartment. At its center, the plate 23 carries a body provided with a plurality of chambers, bores and so forth, which body is connected with the slide valve 10 by means of the rod 24 and guided as described in the bottom of the chamber 1 and is axially displaceable and substantially guided on a cylindrical extension 25 depending from the chamber 1, a cylinder 26 around the cylintively.

drical extension 25 serving as the guiding means. The cylinder 26 of the said body 'is formed with ports 27 and 28, which coperate Ywith ports 29 and 30 in the cylinder 25 and open into chambers 31 and 32 respectively. rlhe chambers 31 and 32 serve asv suction and supply chambers respec- Passages 33 and 34 in the said body lead from the chambers 31 and 32 to the exterior, and pipes 35 are fitted to the passages 33 to lead to nozzles 36 exerting a suction effect, while the passage 34 communicates direct with a supply nozzle 37. rIhe nozzles 36 coperate with tapering pipes 38 which extend upward in the interval between the walls of the chambers 1 and 20 and open into the oppositely situated apertures 39 provided in the wall of the chamber 20. The nozzle 37 coperates'with a tapering pipe 40 In the position illustrated in Figure 1, the A respiration gas passes from the socket 2 through the pipe 19, the annular port 16 and the port 17 into the space below the piston 6 which is at once caused to rise. Here again, when the piston 6 moves upward, the gas situated above it is forced through the ports 18 and 15 into the chamber 1, where it unites with the gas flowing through the socket 3 and passes with this gas through the cylinder 25 and the port 30 and 28 into the chamber 32 and then through the passage 34 into the nozzle 37 which acts as a supply nozzle and therefore forces the gas through the tapered pipe 40 into the mask, which is not shown in the drawing and into the lungs of the patient through his natural respiratory passages.

In the last part of the upward stroke of the piston 6, the tappet 8 strikes the upper edge of the gap 9 in the slide valve 10 and causes the latter with all its connected parts to move upward so that the parts reach the position shown in Fig. 2 and are retained there by the resilient plate 23. In this position of the parts, the annular port 16 while still remaining in communication with the pipe 19 enters into communication with the port 18 in the cylinder wall while the lower port 17 registers with the port 14. The reversal is therefore complete, and the fresh gas is now conducted from the socket 2 through the pipe 19 and the ports 16 Vand 18 into the space above the piston 6. The position of the other parts of the apparatus is such that the ports 27 and 29 register while the communication which previously existed between the ports 28 and 30 is blocked. The fresh gas therefore reaches thechamber 31 and passes through the passages 33 and the pipes 35 to the suction nozzles 36, which act in the manner of an injector and therefore exhaust the gas contained in the lungs of the patient through therpipe 4() and the openings 44 and expel it to the exterior through pipes 38 and the openings 39.

Upon the reversal (descent) of the'piston which then takes place the parts resume the position shown in Fig. 1 and the operation is repeated. l y

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

A method of producing artificial, respiration which comprises causinga flow ofl respraton gas, utilizing a portion of the respin testrnon whereof I aix my signature rlatfn gas to iect perolic re'fersaitl of in presence o two witnesses tie irection o Such 0W, in epen einty of lung pressure, and afterward introducing *GEORG STOLLE 5 into the lungs of the patient a portion of the Witnesses:

respiration gas which has eected the re- OTTO KAYSER,

versal. HANS SvENs.

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