US1337686A - Electric motor - Google Patents

Description

S. BOARDMAN, DECD.

H. A. BOARDMAN AND m. P IVES, ADMINISTRATRICES.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 1, 1916.

1,337, Patented A r. 20, 1920.

Zr? i J Zfl- 20 I 2/ WITNESSES I W/ENTOR i/ fam 4 A TTORNE Y UNITED STATES PATENT ensues.

SOLOMON BOARDMAN, DECEASED, LATE OE BINGHAMTON, NEW YORK, BY HARRIET A. BOARDMAN AND MINNIE PORTER IVES, ADlEIN ISTRATRICES, OF BINGHAMTON, NEW YORK, ASSIGNORS T0 MINNIE A. PORTER IVES.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

Application filed April 7, 1916.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

' Be it known that SoLoMoN BOARDMAN, deceased, formerly a citizen of the United States, residing at Binghamton, in the county of Brooms and State of New York, has invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric Motors, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to electric machines employing a revolving armature and field magnets, and has for its object the produc tion of a more eflicient and easily controlled machine, and one wherein the power and speed may be adjusted without changing the wire resistance in the circuit in which the machine may be connected. To this end, the invention consists generically in combining with a revoluble armature, a permanent horse-shoe magnet adjustable with relation thereto; and the invention also consists in certain peculiarities in the construction, arrangement and combination of the several parts substantially as hereinafter described and particularly pointed out in the subjoined claims.

In the accompanying drawing illustrating the invention:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the complete machine, showing a construction wherein the shaft is perpendicular.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of a construction in which said shaft is horizontal, and shows the permanent magnets swung back into inoperative relation with respect to the armature; and Fig. 3 is a detail View of the cup bearing for the upper end of the vertical shaft.

The same numerals ofreference designate the same parts in all figures.

The frame of the machine may comprise a board 1, beams 2, 2 extending therefrom, and a cross piece 3 connecting together the ends of said beams remote from said board 1.

1 designates a shaft, which may extend perpendicularly as shown in Fig. 1, or horizontally, as shown in Fig. 2, or in any other suitable direction. When the shaft extends perpendicularly, with respect to the horizontal base board 1, its lower end is preferably journaled in a step bearing 5 and its upper end in an adjustable cupped bearing 6 (see Fig. 3) supported by said base board 1 and cross piece 3, respectively. One end of this shaft is provided with a pulley 7 and fly Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 20, 1920.

.erial No. 893%.

wheel 8, subserving obvious functions, and at its other end is a commutator 9, of any suitable construction. The shaft is further provided with any desirable number of wirewound electro-magnets 1O constituting the armature which revolves with it and projects in opposite directions from it. These electro-magnets are preferably of the ordinary construction, comprising a soft metal core, and wound with the desired number of coils of insulated wire.

11' designates the permanently-charged field magnets, which as herein shown, are preferably of the ordinary horse-shoe type, and are arranged at opposite sides of the armature so as electrically to influence the same and thereby'cause the shaft 4 to rotate. Any munber of magnets and any number of electro-magnets constituting the armature may be employed without departing from the spirit of the invention, it being, of course, understood that there will be one field magnet for each pair of electro-magnets and that the power which the machine is capable of developing is controlled by the number of electro-magnets and field magnets embodied in it; hence machines for light work need only have one field magnet and two electro-magnets, considering the armature at one side of the shaft to be separate from that at the other side thereof, while for machines for heavier work the number of electro-magnets and field magnets may be increased indefinitely accbrding to the power requisite for the motor to produce. These field magnets are carried by wings 12, hinged, pivoted or otherwise suitably secured to the frame, so that they may be adjusted to and from the poles of said electromagnets, whereby the power and speed of the machine may be changed without requiring the interposition of wire resistance to decrease the power and speed, or the removal of such resistance to increase the same, the advantage of which is evident. In order to hold the magnets in adjusted position, a suitable locking device, such as the slotted plates 13 on the frame of the machine, and the pivoted hooks 14:, carried by the wings and designed to engage said slotted plates, is provided.

Attached to the frame are binding posts 15, which are connected with the batteries 16, or other suitable source of electricity, by

the wires 17, and interposed in the circuit between said battery and binding post is a suitable circuit changer 18, which operates to reverse the direction of flow of the current and thereby changes the direction of rotation of said shaft l. The specific construction of this switch 18 forms no part of the present invention, and as the one in dicated in the accompanying drawing is well known in the art, a detail description thereof is not thought to be essential to a proper understanding of this invention.

The binding posts 15 are also connected with the brushes 19 and 20 of the commutator 9, by means of the wires 21, and said commutator is in turn electrically connected with the armatures on both sides of the shaft, through the medium of the continuous wire 22, which forms the winding for said electro-magnets, and the conductive plates, made of copper or other suitable metal, 23 and 2 1 of the commutator 9 to which the respective ends of said wire are attached, said plates being located at opposite sides of the end of shaft 4 and insulated therefrom and from each other, to cause the current to flow from one to the other only by way of the electro-magnets. The electro-magnets are wound successively in opposite directions, one toward the right, the next toward the left, and so on throughout the entire series employed, whereby the poles thereof will be north and south alternately, and the wire 22 extends from plate 23 around all the cores on that side of the shaft 4, thence across to the other side of said shaft and along the same and around the cores thereon, to the plate 24: at the end thereof.

From the above it will be seen that in the operation of the motor, the shaft will be rotated by the attraction and repulsion existing between the magnets and the electromagnets of the armature, and that its power may be changed rapidly and easily by adjusting said field magnet or magnets to or from said armature, or by throwing a different number of magnets into the circuit. It will further be seen that the motor is very simple in its construction, and that it may be operated much more economically than those. heretofore provided.

If desired, a series of machines each constructed as above set forth, having their shafts 4 geared together to work in unison may be employed to produce a motor of very great power.

e wish it understood that the scope of this invention is not limited to the detail construction herein shown and described, as said construction is merely the one preferred by us for carrying into practical effect the novel principle embodied in the invention.

Having thus described the invention, what we believe to be new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a magneto-electric machine of the character described, a supporting frame, and an armature rotatably mounted therein, and a plurality of magnetically independent field magnets pivotally mounted in said supporting frame, and means for maintaining said field magnets in different relative positions with regard to the armature for varying the reluctance of the magnetic circuits.

2. In an electric motor of the character described, a supporting frame, a shaft rotatably mounted therein, an armature comprising a plurality of serially connected and oppositely wound coils carried by said shaft, pivotally supported wing elements, and field magnets carried thereby, capable of independent movement toward and away from the armature, to vary the reluctance of the magnetic circuits.

3. In an electric motor of the character described, a supporting frame, an armature rotatably mounted therein, and a plurality of field magnets, of the permanent magnet type, comprising independent magnetic circuits, the field magnets being movably supported with respect to the armature to vary the reluctance of the magnetic circuits, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof we have aflixed our signatures in presence of two witnesses.

HARRIET A. BOARDMAN, MINNIE PORTER IVES, Admtm'stmtm'ces 0f the estate of Solomon Boardmcm, deceased.

Witnesses E. A. JOYNER, A. O; MAHER.

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