US10947958B2 - Wind turbine having drive train - Google Patents
Wind turbine having drive train Download PDFInfo
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- US10947958B2 US10947958B2 US16/227,244 US201816227244A US10947958B2 US 10947958 B2 US10947958 B2 US 10947958B2 US 201816227244 A US201816227244 A US 201816227244A US 10947958 B2 US10947958 B2 US 10947958B2
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- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002277 temperature effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/0204—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for orientation in relation to wind direction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
- F03D80/70—Bearing or lubricating arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
- F16C19/34—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
- F16C19/36—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with a single row of rollers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
- F16H57/021—Shaft support structures, e.g. partition walls, bearing eyes, casing walls or covers with bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/08—General details of gearing of gearings with members having orbital motion
- F16H57/082—Planet carriers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/50—Bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
- F05B2260/403—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
- F05B2260/4031—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
- F05B2260/40311—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing of the epicyclic, planetary or differential type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/90—Braking
- F05B2260/902—Braking using frictional mechanical forces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
- F16C19/34—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
- F16C19/38—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers
- F16C19/383—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone
- F16C19/385—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone with two rows, i.e. double-row tapered roller bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/54—Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
- F16C19/546—Systems with spaced apart rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
- F16C2360/31—Wind motors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
- F16C35/04—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
- F16C35/06—Mounting or dismounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing
- F16C35/067—Fixing them in a housing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H1/28—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
- F16H2057/02039—Gearboxes for particular applications
- F16H2057/02078—Gearboxes for particular applications for wind turbines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Definitions
- the invention relates to a wind turbine having a drive train that comprises a rotor shaft and a planetary gear train.
- a rotor which is rotatable about a substantially horizontal axis, can be put into rotation by the wind.
- the rotor in this case is fixedly connected to a rotor shaft and, via a gearbox, to a generator for converting the rotational energy of the rotor into electrical energy.
- the rotor shaft In the case of such a three-point bearing arrangement, the rotor shaft is supported, in particular in respect of flexural loads, via the bearings of the gearbox.
- the front bearing for the rotor shaft is designed as a fixed bearing, which can also absorb axial forces, and that couplings are provided between the rotor shaft and the first gear stage, in order to keep deformations of the rotor shaft that are caused, for example, by wind forces acting upon the rotor, away from the gearbox, so that the latter is not damaged.
- a torsion disk may be provided, which acts in combination with the first gear stage, via a toothed coupling, in order to compensate axial forces or flexural deformations.
- at least the transmission of axial forces to the gearbox is avoided by means of a separable shaft-hub connection.
- Corresponding connections are disadvantageous, however, since their production is normally complicated because of the torques to be transmitted.
- a wind turbine is disclosed in which disadvantages known from the prior art no longer occur, or occur only to a reduced extent.
- a “planetary gear train” is an epicyclic gear train that, in each gear stage, comprises, as gear train components, an internally toothed ring gear, an externally toothed central gear, and a planet carrier having, arranged thereon, at least one planet gear, which engages both in the toothing of the ring gear and in the toothing of the sun gear.
- gear train components Normally, one of the gear train components of a gear stage of a planetary gear train—frequently the ring gear—is held fixed, while the two other gear train components are rotatable about a common axis, with a gear ratio that is predefined by the dimensioning of the individual gear wheels of the gear train.
- a planetary gear train may have a plurality of gear stages. It is also possible, however, for a planetary gear train to comprise only one gear stage, in which case the first gear stage is then simultaneously the sole gear stage.
- a “toroidal roller bearing” also called a “CARB bearing” or “CARB toroidal roller bearing”—is a single-row rolling bearing having symmetrical, relatively long, slightly convex rollers and torus-shaped, profiled raceways. Corresponding bearings can absorb exclusively radial loads, for which reason in principle they can be used only as floating bearings.
- ment bearing denotes a rotary bearing that enables axial and radial forces to be transmitted, and enables the absorption of moments that do not act about the rotation axis.
- a moment bearing can absorb flexural moments acting upon a shaft supported therein.
- a connection is considered to be “fixed and backlash-free” if, in the case of normally expected loads on the connection, practically no relative movement occurs between the thus connected components.
- “Hole pattern” is the arrangement of the drilled holes for a screwed connection between two components, wherein only those drilled holes through which screws are also actually passed in the assembled state belong to the hole pattern. In connection with the invention, drilled holes that are not used for the screwed connection do not belong to the hole pattern. If the drilled holes of a hole pattern are arranged on a circle, the hole pattern can by the specification of the diameter of the individual drilled holes, the diameter of the hole circle of the drilled holes, the number of drilled holes on the hole circle, and the position of the drilled holes on the hole circle.
- Elements such as, for example, drilled holes on a hole circle, or suspension elements around the rotor axis—are considered to be “evenly distributed over the circumference” if the angular spacing between respectively adjacent elements is of the same magnitude in each case.
- a wind turbine has a drive train that comprises a rotor shaft and a planetary gear train having a first gear stage, the rotor shaft being connected to the planet carrier of the first gear stage in a fixed and backlash-free manner, the rotor shaft being supported, on the side that faces away from the first gear stage, by means of a toroidal roller bearing, on a first carrying structure, the planet carrier that is connected to the rotor shaft in a fixed and backlash-free manner being supported by means of a moment bearing, as a fixed bearing, the outer ring of the moment bearing being connected to a housing, and the combination of the outer ring of the moment bearing and the housing being connected to a second carrying structure via at least three elastic suspension elements arranged in an annular manner around the rotor axis.
- the toroidal roller bearing is a floating bearing that, besides weight forces, substantially also serves to absorb pitching and yawing movements acting upon the drive train. Owing to its specific design, the toroidal roller bearing is very robust in the case of angular errors and axial backlash, for which reason highly precise alignment of the floating bearing relative to the fixed bearing—as known in the case of bearing concepts from the prior art—is not required for the bearing arrangement.
- the toroidal roller bearing in this case is also very suitable for use in wind turbines having shaft diameters of more than 2.5 m.
- the housing is preferably the gearbox housing, to which the further components of the first gear stage, and possibly further gear stages, of the planetary gear train are connected in a fixed or rotatable manner.
- a bearing arrangement of the planet carrier of the first gear stage relative to the gearbox housing ensures that, even under load, there is practically no change in the position of the rotation axis of the planetary axis relative to the gearbox housing, and thus also of the other components of the planetary gear train.
- This also applies, in particular, to the internally toothed ring gear and to the externally toothed sun gear of the first gear stage.
- the ring gear in this case may be, for example, fixedly connected to the housing, while the externally toothed sun gear is supported, by appropriate bearings, so as to be rotatable relative to the gearbox housing.
- the fixed bearing is realized as a moment bearing, a precise axial guidance can accordingly be achieved between the gearbox housing and the planet carrier, i.e. with an appropriately designed bearing, they can practically no longer move relative to each other in the axial direction. Pitching moments can also be absorbed by the bearing. As a consequence, a harmful change of position of the individual components of the first gear stage in relation to each other can be avoided, even if the drive train is subjected to high load.
- a coupling such as that frequently required in the prior art to keep deformations of the rotor shaft away from the gear train, can be omitted.
- the suspension elements are preferably evenly distributed over the circumference.
- a corresponding number and arrangement of elastic suspension elements enables the force flow through the housing to be well distributed, and enables particularly high force peaks in the housing to be avoided.
- the elastic suspension elements are cylindrical, such a structural form renders possible simple and inexpensive production with, at the same time, a high load-bearing capacity, in particular in the radial direction of the cylinder.
- the structural form in question is also known by the designation ultra bushing.
- the elastic suspension elements are arranged with their cylinder axis parallel to the rotor axis. This arrangement renders possible good absorption of pitching, yawing and rotational moments, the rotor thrust being absorbed in the axial direction of the elastic suspension elements. Moreover, the said arrangement can normally also provide for ease of replacement, including of individual suspension elements.
- the elasticity of the elastic suspension elements is designed so as to be direction-dependent, in such a manner that there is a sufficient stiffness present in the circumferential direction to direct the gear torque completely into the second carrying structure solely via the suspension elements.
- a corresponding design of the suspension elements makes it possible to dispense with a separate torque support for the gearbox. Owing to the absence of the lateral torque supports, the drive train can be made significantly slimmer, as a result of which the transport width is reduced and transport of the drive train is simplified.
- the suspension elements may be, for example, of rubber.
- the second carrying structure may extend in the form of a ring around the rotor shaft.
- the moment bearing may be a sliding bearing or a rolling bearing. If a rolling bearing is provided, it is preferred that it is a two-row tapered-roller bearing slanted in an X or O arrangement. Corresponding moment bearings provide a backlash-free bearing arrangement with a high load capacity, in which the necessary tensioning of the individual bearing components is substantially insensitive to temperature effects, owing to the short tensioning length. In comparison with a comparable bearing with an X arrangement, the O arrangement is distinguished by an even greater moment absorption capacity.
- the tapered-roller bearing has a, preferably inductively hardened, divided outer or inner ring
- the parts of the divided ring preferably have drilled holes for a screwed connection.
- a drilled hole can facilitate the mounting, tensioning and/or axial fixing of the moment bearing.
- the moment bearing in this case may be connected, via the housing, to the elastic suspension elements.
- the moment bearing may be mounted, for example in a known manner, in the housing and connected to the latter. Since, in the case of this combination, the elastic suspension elements act on the housing, the flow of force is affected from the moment bearing, via the housing and the suspension element, into the second carrying structure.
- the outer ring of the moment bearing it is also possible, however, for the outer ring of the moment bearing to be directly connected to the elastic suspension elements, to enable the forces resulting from the bearing arrangement to be transmitted directly into the carrying structure.
- the housing is still connected to the outer ring of the bearing, owing to the weight of the planetary gear train and possibly of further components connected thereto, they are also introduced into the second carrying structure via the outer ring of the bearing and the suspension elements.
- a preferred embodiment provides that a part of the divided ring has thread-free drilled through-holes, and the other part, preferably the part of the divided ring at a greater distance from the toroidal roller bearing, has drilled holes having an internal thread.
- the ring in question thus consists of two rings, which, arranged concentrically, form the inner or outer ring.
- the parting joint between the two rings in this case is preferably designed in such a manner that, by reduction of the joint width, preferably to zero, or by a corresponding tensioning of the two parts, a bearing preload can be achieved by which, inter alia, a relative axial movement of the inner and outer ring can then be prevented.
- the outer ring thus consists of two rings, which, arranged concentrically, form the outer ring.
- the parting joint between the two rings in this case is preferably designed in such a manner that, by reduction of the joint width, preferably to zero, or by a corresponding tensioning of the two parts, a bearing preload can be achieved by which, inter alia, a relative axial movement of the inner and outer ring can then be prevented.
- the planet carrier of the first gear stage is supported in the gearbox housing by means of a support bearing designed as a floating bearing.
- a fixed-floating support of the planet carrier in the gearbox housing is achieved by such an additional bearing arrangement.
- the certainty that the position of the rotation axis of the planet carrier will not change relative to the gearbox housing, even under load, is thereby further increased.
- the support bearing may be a rolling bearing, preferably a cylindrical roller bearing.
- the support bearing serves primarily to take up the gearbox's own weight. This is advantageous, in particular, if an additional spur gear stage or a generator is directly flange-mounted onto the planetary gear train.
- the support bearing may be omitted in the case of embodiments in which the gearbox is of a very compact design, since both the gearbox weight and the resultant, and comparatively small, gearbox weight moment can be absorbed completely by the moment bearing.
- the first and/or the second carrying structure may be fastened to a mainframe or realized as a single piece with the latter.
- the mainframe absorbs all forces acting upon the components fastened thereto, and ultimately directs them into the tower of the wind turbine.
- the mainframe in this case may be connected to a yaw bearing arranged on the tower, in order to achieve a rotation of the mainframe, and of the rotor axis normally arranged fixedly in relation thereto, in the azimuth direction.
- Yaw drives are provided for ultimate rotation
- yaw brakes usually in form of yaw brake calipers, are provided to secure the mainframe in a particular azimuthal position.
- the mainframe has a flange having a hole pattern identical to the hole pattern of the yaw bearing of the wind turbine, and a carrier plate is provided for accommodating at least six yaw drives, the carrier plate having a hole pattern identical to the hole pattern of the yaw bearing and being arranged between the mainframe and the yaw bearing in such a manner that the screwed connection of the mainframe to the yaw bearing is routed through the hole pattern of the carrier plate.
- the fastening of the yaw drives is no longer effected directly to the mainframe, which is usually a cast part that, possibly in an elaborate and cost-intensive manner, has to be provided with suitable, specially designed mounts for the yaw drives, but instead via the carrier plate provided herein, which, or the arrangement of which between the mainframe and the yaw bearing, possibly provides separate protection.
- the carrier plate is distinguished by a hole pattern that corresponds to the hole patterns on the flange of the mainframe and of the yaw bearing, such that the carrier plate can be easily clamped-in by the screwed connection provided for fastening the mainframe to the yaw bearing, such that a separate fastening is not required.
- the carrier plate also has a number of receivers, beyond the usual number of yaw drives, which preferably are all also provided with a yaw drive. Owing to the additional yaw drives, the reaction forces introduced into the carrier plate at the individual drives, and junk moments resulting therefrom, can be reduced, such that the carrier plate can have a lesser thickness, compared with a plate having only four yaw drives.
- the carrier plate is designed to accommodate eight or more yaw drives.
- the carrier plate is designed to accommodate eight or more yaw drives.
- one yaw drive is provided in each receiver of the carrier plate provided for this purpose.
- the carrier plate On the side that faces away from the receiver of the yaw drives, the carrier plate may have at least five, preferably at least eight, receivers for yaw brakes, preferably respectively one yaw brake being provided in each receiver provided for this purpose.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic partial representation of the drive train of a first exemplary embodiment of a wind turbine, in a sectional view;
- FIG. 2 is a schematic detail view of the arrangement of the elastic suspension elements of the wind turbine from FIG. 1 ;
- FIGS. 3 a and 3 b are schematic detail views of the carrier plate of the wind turbine from FIG. 1 , with yaw drives and yaw brakes fastened thereto.
- FIG. 1 Represented schematically in FIG. 1 , with the relevant parts, is the drive train 1 of a wind turbine.
- the drive train 1 comprises a rotor shaft, fastened to one end 3 of which is the rotor of the wind turbine (not represented).
- a planetary gear train 10 Arranged at the other end 4 of the rotor shaft 2 is a planetary gear train 10 , of which only the first gear stage 11 is represented.
- the first gear stage 11 comprises an internally toothed ring gear 12 , an externally toothed sun gear 13 , and a planet carrier 14 having, arranged thereon, planetary gears 15 which engage both in the toothing of the ring gear 12 and in the toothing of the sun gear 13 , as gear set components.
- the ring gear 12 is fixedly connected to the gearbox housing 16 , while the sun gear 13 is supported, so as to be rotatable relative to the gearbox housing 16 , by rolling bearings, which are not represented for reasons of clarity.
- the support of the planet carrier 14 in the gearbox housing 16 by the two-row rolling bearing 20 and the (optional) support bearing 25 is discussed in greater detail in the following.
- the rotor shaft 2 In the region of the end 3 provided for connection to the rotor, the rotor shaft 2 is supported, by a toroidal roller bearing 5 , on the first annular carrying structure 30 , which completely surrounds the rotor shaft 2 .
- the rotor shaft 2 At its other end 4 , the rotor shaft 2 is connected in a fixed and backlash-free manner, by a screwed connection 6 , which is merely indicated, to the planet carrier 14 of the first gear stage 11 .
- the rolling bearing 20 is designed as a two-row tapered-roller bearing slanted in an X arrangement.
- the outer ring 22 of the two-row rolling bearing 20 is divided into two rings 23 , 23 ′. Owing to the clamping-in of the outer ring 22 , represented in FIG. 1 , the two rings 23 , 23 ′ are tensioned to each other such that a positional preload is achieved, by which the axial relative movements of the inner ring 21 relative to the outer ring 22 can be prevented.
- a slant in an O arrangement or a sliding bearing designed as a moment bearing.
- the rolling bearing 20 may also be provided, on the outer ring 22 or inner ring 21 , with drilled holes, by means of which a preload can be introduced into the bearing arrangement by means of screws.
- Corresponding bearings, in particular also in an O arrangement, of smaller wind turbines, for example in the 3 MW class, are known, but in those cases are used as bearings directly at the rotor hub.
- the planet carrier 14 is supported in the gearbox housing 16 by means of a support bearing 25 designed as a floating bearing. Since the two-row rolling bearing 20 is connected to the gearbox housing 16 and thus forms a fixed bearing relative to the gearbox housing 16 , a fixed-floating support of the planet carrier 14 in the gearbox housing 16 is achieved by the support bearing 25 .
- a support bearing 25 is also possible.
- the housing 16 is fastened, via a plurality of elastic suspension elements 18 , to a second annular carrying structure 31 , which completely surrounds the rotor shaft 2 .
- the elastic suspension elements 18 are cylindrical elements made of rubber, the respective cylinder axis of which is aligned parallel to the rotor axis. As illustrated in FIG. 2 , a total of 32 elastic suspension elements 18 are arranged in an evenly distributed manner around the rotor shaft 2 .
- the elasticity of the suspension elements 18 in this case is designed so as to be direction-dependent, in such a manner that there is a sufficient stiffness present in the circumferential direction to direct the gear torque completely into the second carrying structure 31 solely via the suspension elements 18 , such that a separate torque support can be omitted.
- flexural deformations of the rotor shaft 2 caused by wind loads are to be compensated, at least partly, by means of the suspension elements, and the transmission of vibrations from the gearbox 10 to the second carrying structure 31 can be minimized.
- Both the first and the second carrying structure 30 , 31 are fastened to a mainframe 40 , which is realized as a cast part.
- the mainframe 40 On its underside, the mainframe 40 has a flange 43 having blind holes 42 arranged in a hole pattern 41 , the hole pattern 41 corresponding to that of the inner ring of the yaw bearing (only indicated), such that the mainframe 40 in principle can be fastened to the yaw bearing in a known manner.
- a carrier plate 50 which is represented again separately in FIGS. 3 a, b .
- the carrier plate 50 likewise has a hole pattern 51 of drilled through-holes 52 that corresponds to the hole pattern 41 of the mainframe 40 , or to that of the yaw bearing.
- the carrier plate 50 can therefore be arranged between the mainframe 40 and the yaw bearing in such a manner that the known screwed connection of the mainframe 40 to the yaw bearing is routed through the hole pattern 51 of the carrier plate 50 , whereby the carrier plate 50 is securely fastened.
- yaw drives 60 provided in corresponding receivers on the carrier plate 50 there are in total 14 yaw drives 60 , by means of which the azimuthal adjustment of the wind turbine is affected.
- yaw brakes 71 provided on the underside of the carrier plate 50 there are in total twelve yaw brakes 71 , realized as brake calipers, by which the wind turbine can be secured in a predefined azimuth position.
- the respectively selected number of yaw drives 60 and yaw brakes 71 enables the junk moments acting upon the carrier plate 50 to be kept small, such that neither a particularly great thickness of the carrier plate 50 nor elaborate reinforcements of the carrier plate 50 are required.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
- Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (20)
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102017011804 | 2017-12-20 | ||
DE102017011804.3 | 2017-12-20 | ||
DE102017011804 | 2017-12-20 | ||
DE102018004763.7A DE102018004763A1 (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2018-06-15 | Wind turbine with power train |
DE102018004763.7 | 2018-06-15 | ||
DE102018004763 | 2018-06-15 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20190186467A1 US20190186467A1 (en) | 2019-06-20 |
US10947958B2 true US10947958B2 (en) | 2021-03-16 |
Family
ID=66768083
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US16/227,244 Active 2039-03-21 US10947958B2 (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2018-12-20 | Wind turbine having drive train |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10947958B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN109973336B (en) |
DE (2) | DE102018004763A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK3502468T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2945037T3 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20220025872A1 (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2022-01-27 | Wobben Properties Gmbh | Wind power plant with supporting structure |
WO2023222319A1 (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2023-11-23 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Spring-mounted gearbox housing ii |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111648920B (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2022-03-04 | 湘电风能有限公司 | Ultra-compact medium-speed permanent magnet wind generating set |
EP4060189A1 (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2022-09-21 | Nordex Energy SE & Co. KG | Gearbox support arrangement for a wind turbine and wind turbine |
DE102021106620A1 (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2022-09-22 | Nordex Energy Se & Co. Kg | Rotor bearing housing and wind turbine |
DE102021210007A1 (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2023-03-16 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Spring-loaded gear housing |
EP4332398A1 (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2024-03-06 | Flender GmbH | Transmission bearing for a wind turbine |
CN117072379A (en) * | 2023-09-19 | 2023-11-17 | 三一重能股份有限公司 | Front-end integrated transmission chain structure and wind generating set |
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- 2018-06-15 DE DE102018004763.7A patent/DE102018004763A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-06-15 DE DE102018004793.9A patent/DE102018004793A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-12-19 DK DK18213822.2T patent/DK3502468T3/en active
- 2018-12-19 ES ES18213822T patent/ES2945037T3/en active Active
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WO2023222319A1 (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2023-11-23 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Spring-mounted gearbox housing ii |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102018004763A1 (en) | 2019-06-27 |
US20190186467A1 (en) | 2019-06-20 |
DK3502468T3 (en) | 2023-05-08 |
DE102018004793A1 (en) | 2019-06-27 |
CN109973336A (en) | 2019-07-05 |
CN109973336B (en) | 2021-11-09 |
ES2945037T3 (en) | 2023-06-28 |
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