UA93070C2 - Power distribution system having plurality of isolatable functional nodes - Google Patents

Abstract

A power distribution system having a plurality of individually isolatable functional nodes each connected via an isolating device to a power distribution bus that is connected via an isolating device to a power input node which is connectable to a power source, wherein the power distribution bus and the isolating devices are housed in a power distribution compartment, and wherein the power input node and the functional nodes are housed separately from one another and the power distribution compartment in functional compartments adjacent thereto.

Description

This invention belongs to power distribution systems with individually isolated functional zones.

Electrical power distribution systems, such as industrial switchboards, generally contain a store of power conductors to which the switchgear is connected. Power conductors allow large currents to flow through the switchboard and are generally single insulated, partially bare, or partially insulated conductors. Therefore, human interaction with live power conductors during ongoing repair, maintenance, modification, etc. presents a serious electric shock hazard and a significant threat to power continuity.

Therefore, a solution is needed that allows safe operation in electric power distribution systems without threatening the continuity of power supply.

According to the present invention, an electrical distribution device is provided, which includes a set of feeders, respectively terminating inside a set of isolated sections, in which a plurality of feeders can be connected to each other and isolated from each other by a set of isolating devices, respectively connected to a set of isolated sections but located outside them, allowing electrical work to be carried out safely during operation on the respective isolated feeders within the respective isolated sections, while the other feeders remain energized.

A number of feeders that can be connected to each other by a busbar external to the set of isolated sections. A set of feeders, which may include at least one input feeder and at least one output feeder. A set of feeders, which can include at least two input feeders, which, respectively, can be connected to at least two alternative power inputs through at least two isolated sections. A set of isolating devices can be completed with disconnectors, circuit breakers, fuses and their combination. A set of feeders, which can be single-phase or multi-phase and single-core or multi-core. The electrical distribution device can be completed with switching equipment, a switching panel, a distribution board, a switching rack, a distribution cabinet and their combination.

The present invention also provides an electrical system that includes the above-described electrical distribution device.

The present invention additionally provides a system of uninterrupted power supply, which includes the above-described power distribution device.

Variants of the invention are described below exclusively by way of example with reference to the attached drawings, in which:

Fig. 1A-C are schematic diagrams of embodiments of a switching panel having one isolated functional zone according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a switching panel according to the present invention, which has several different isolated functional zones;

Fig. ZA-B - schematic diagrams of the uninterruptible power supply system (P5) of the data processing center, which includes variants of isolated functional zones according to the present invention;

Fig. 4 - a schematic diagram of a variant of the implementation of the switching panel, the isolated functional zones of which are connected to the critical load; and

Figs 5 and 6 are front views of the rack of power distribution units according to one embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary perspective view of the functional sections of the rack of the power distribution units shown in Figs. 5 and 6; Fig. 8-10 - partial schematic diagrams of six functional nodes of the rack of the power distribution units shown in Fig. 5-7, which demonstrate different three- and four-pole wiring configurations;

Fig. 11 is a front view of a switchboard rack according to another embodiment of the invention; and

Fig. 12 is a simplified schematic diagram of the switchboard rack shown in Fig. 11.

Figure 1A shows an electrical switchboard 100 having a housing 102 and a set of electrically insulated and/or grounded box-like functional sections 104 located along opposite sides of the housing 102. The functional sections 104 are made of an electrically insulating material or a grounded metallic material. The body 102 and functional sections 104 can be made as a single unit or as a modular unit. Electric current flows through three-phase, five-wire power conductors 106 passing through housing 102. Three-phase, five-wire distribution conductors 108 are electrically connected to the corresponding power conductors through branch conductors 110. Disconnectors 112 are located between the branch conductors 110 and the isolated functional section 104. Acceptable disconnectors 112 may include, for example, circuit breakers, circuit breakers, fuses, etc. Disconnectors 112 and functional section 104 together provide an electrically isolated functional area for making and eliminating electrical connections to distribution conductors 108 without de-energizing power conductors 106 in the voltage zone of housing 102.

According to Fig.1A, the disconnectors 112 are circuit breakers, and the functional section 104 of the isolated functional zone is connected to a functional unit consisting of a single-phase output circuit breaker. The distribution conductors 108 pass directly from the isolated functional zone to the circuit breaker in the functional section 104 without contact with any live conductors. Thus, an electrician who needs to work with Section 104 can do so without fear of accidentally touching a live conductor.

The switch panel shown in Fig.1B is essentially identical to that shown in Fig.1A. Here, the isolated functional area is connected to a three-phase output circuit breaker. According to Fig.1C, disconnectors 112 are switches, and the isolated functional zone is connected to a single-phase output circuit breaker. For clarity, Fig. 1A-C shows illustrative electrical connections and illustrative circuit components of only one isolated functional area. It will be appreciated that switchboard 100 may be implemented with any suitable number of isolated functional areas having any or all of single-phase and multi-phase combinations of conventional disconnectors 112 and conventional electrical circuits, components, devices, etc.

Figure 2 shows an example of a switchboard 200 having a plurality of different three-phase, three-pole isolated functional zones with illustrative electrical circuits, components, devices, etc., designated by the following reference letters.

A - Primary power input.

B - Alternative power input/full-function power output.

C - Protection of the three-phase circuit breaker located in front of the isolated functional area, connected to the three-phase output terminals.

O - A three-phase circuit breaker with a full-function line (cable or bus) feeding an isolated functional zone combined with a three-phase output circuit breaker.

E - Protection of a three-phase circuit breaker located before the supply of an isolated functional zone, combined with a three-phase output circuit breaker.

E - Protection of a three-phase circuit breaker located in front of the isolated functional area, combined with a single-phase output circuit breaker. (c - Protection of a three-phase circuit breaker located in front of the isolated functional zone, combined with a single-phase output circuit breaker.

H - Protection of a three-phase circuit breaker located in front of the isolated functional area, combined with a single-phase output circuit breaker.

And - Protection of a single-phase circuit breaker located in front of the isolated functional zone, combined with a single-phase output circuit breaker.

In - Protection of a single-phase circuit breaker located in front of the isolated functional zone, combined with a single-phase output circuit breaker.

K - Protection of a single-phase circuit breaker located in front of the isolated functional zone, combined with a single-phase output circuit breaker.

Y - A single-phase switch with a fully functional line (cable or bus), feeding an isolated functional zone, combined with a single-phase output circuit breaker.

M - Potential-free auxiliary status contacts connected to circuit breakers supplying measuring equipment for potential-free isolated functional areas/potential-free conductors.

M - Potential-free auxiliary status contacts combined with circuit breakers that supply monitoring and surge protection equipment for potential-free isolated functional zones/potential-free conductors.

O - Potential-free auxiliary status contacts combined with a single-phase output circuit breaker/potential-free conductors in an isolated functional area.

P - Potential-free auxiliary status contacts combined with a three-phase circuit breaker that is above/potential-free conductors.

OO - Isolated functional zone of potential-free terminals for connecting the building's automatic power supply system (BA5).

A - Measuring isolated functional area with a current transformer connected in parallel as a shunt device to eliminate the risk of electric shock in conjunction with switching three-phase supply to the measuring isolated functional area / potential-free output conductors terminating in the adjacent potential-free isolated functional area C).

C - Isolated monitoring/surge protection/indicator light functional area in conjunction with three-phase power switching to measurement isolated functional area/potential-free output conductors terminating in adjacent potential-free isolated functional area C).

T - Isolated transformer functional zone for a current transformer located in a live zone in the housing to provide a current transformer that is not serviced without disconnecting the entire switchboard 200.

O - Isolated functional area of the converter for the current transformer located in the adjacent isolated functional area AND to provide a serviceable current transformer without disconnecting the entire switchboard 200.

The above electrical circuits, components, devices, etc. and isolated functional areas are given by way of example only. Obviously, switchboard 200 may alternatively be implemented using any and all single-phase or multi-phase combinations of conventional electrical circuits, components, devices, etc.

Figures 3A-B show illustrative isolated functional zones according to the present invention, implemented in a power distribution system 300, for example, a three-phase, five-wire power distribution system used in an industrial enterprise, for example, in a network system of double OR5 in a data center. According to Fig. ZA, electrical power enters the system 300 from two risers. Each of the power take-off boxes A, B for the risers has isolated functional zones for changing protective devices and disconnecting or connecting conductors in the functional zones without disconnecting the corresponding risers.

Each of the main switching panels C, ХО of the 300 system has isolated functional zones for the primary and alternative power inputs. Switching panels Е, Е of the device for automatic inclusion of the reserve (AT5) have isolated functional zones for the primary and alternative power inputs for both power sources. In each switch panel C, 0, E, E, isolated functional zones of the primary or alternate power inputs can be used to provide a fully functional output.

Suitable insulating protective devices in the live area of switchboards C, O, E, E can be changed according to the changing requirements of the enterprise to power isolated functional areas connected by means of terminals or crimp bolted connections. Redundant isolated functional zones in switchboards C, 0, E, E can be connected using terminals or crimp bolted connections to power downstream switchboards/equipment to provide parallel alternate power for maintenance, upgrades and system capacity expansion 300. Switchboards a,

H have isolated functional zones that can provide the possibility of changing the wiring configuration without disturbing the continuity of the power supply.

According to Fig. 3B, each of the non-contact switches AND IN the power supply includes isolated functional zones that allow changing the configuration of the wiring without interrupting the power supply. The main switchboards and auxiliary switchboards of the 300 system, respectively, are equipped with switching panels

K, I and switching panels M, M. Each of these switching panels has isolated functional zones that provide the same general functions that were described above in connection with switching panels C, O, E, PE. To provide final distribution to sub-circuits in the 300 system, auxiliary distribution switchboards

M, M can have isolated functional zones, in general, similar to those discussed above applicable to the switchboard 200 and shown in Fig.2.

Fig. 4 shows isolated functional zones 400 corresponding to the invention, implemented with a critical load E, which requires essentially continuous power supply, for example, by an electric motor, power equipment, computing equipment, communication equipment, etc. Isolated functional zone A 400 provides the primary power input and zone B provides a parallel alternative power input. The primary power input switch is part of the isolated functional zone C, and zone

O includes an alternate parallel power input switch. Zone E provides connection terminals for critical load E. During operation, the parallel power input of isolated functional zones A, B, C, O can be sequentially and alternately disconnected and connected to the primary and alternate main switchboards/power source to ensure uninterrupted power supply to critical load E in case the primary switchboard/power supplies need to be disconnected for repairs.

Figures 5-7 show a cabinet 500 power distribution units according to one embodiment of the invention.

Cabinet 500 power distribution units are designed to distribute power across a number of server cabinets (not shown) in a computer room. Preferably, the power distribution unit cabinet 500 has a shape and size that generally matches the shape and size of a server cabinet. The power distribution cabinet 500 includes a power distribution busbar (or chassis) 502 that is connected by means of connectors 504 and cables to a set of individually isolated functional nodes 506. The power distribution busbar 502 is connected through a connector 504 to a power input node 508 , which can be connected to a power source. The power distribution bus 502 is also connected via circuit breaker 510 to an alternate power input/output node 512 that may be connected to an alternate power source or power output.

The power distribution busbar 502 is located in an isolated power distribution section 514, while the functional nodes 506, power input node 508, and alternate power input/output node 512 are located separately from each other and from the power distribution section 514 in adjacent functional sections having covers. According to Fig.b, the power distribution section 514 has a cover 518 with an opening through which disconnectors 504 and a circuit breaker 510 are individually accessible, which allows to individually isolate the functional nodes 506, the power input node 508 and the alternative power input/output node 512 from power distribution busbar 502. The functional sections housing the functional nodes 506, the power input node 508, and the alternative power input/output node 512 may be individually numbered or coded so that they can be easily located during wiring, maintenance, and repair. The functional sections and their covers may be colored differently than the power distribution section 514 and its cover 518 to indicate isolated and live areas of the power distribution cabinet 500, respectively. For example, the functional sections and their covers can be colored white, and the power distribution section 514 can be colored orange.

According to Fig. 7, functional nodes 506 located in functional sections (shown without covers for simplicity) include auxiliary status contacts 520 connected to circuit breakers 522. According to

5 and 6, one or more functional nodes 506 can be placed in the sections made in the cover of the cabinet 500 of the power distribution units. These functional units 506 include a power quality meter, power indicator lights, a voltage relay, and a surge protector. Obviously, functional nodes 506 may represent interfaces or connection points for any and all conventional electrical components, devices, tools, loads, etc. Figures 8-10 show various three- and four-pole wiring configurations of the power distribution busbar 502 and functional nodes 506 (only six are shown for simplicity). Obviously, the power distribution unit cabinet 500 can alternatively be implemented in any and all conventional configuration types or grounding types: number of poles; the number of wires; High-voltage; single- or three-phase; two-pole, three-wire; four-pole, five-wire; two-pole, two-wire; three-pole, three-wire; etc.

Fig. 11 shows the invention implemented in the form of a switchboard cabinet 600, which, in general, includes a power distribution busbar (or chassis) 602, which is connected by means of circuit breakers 604 and cables to a set of individually isolated functional nodes 606.

The power distribution busbar 602 is connected via a disconnector 608 to a power input node 610 that can be connected to a power source. The power distribution bus 602 is also connected via a circuit breaker 604 to an alternate power input/output node 612 that may be connected to an alternate power source or power output. The power distribution bus 602 is located in the power distribution section 614, while the functional nodes 606, the power input node 610, and the alternative power input/output node 612 are located separately from each other and from the power distribution section 614 in adjacent functional sections. Each of the functional sections and the power distribution sections 614 have covers. In accordance with the above, the cover of the power distribution section 614 has openings (not shown in FIG. 11 for simplicity) through which the circuit breakers 604 and the disconnector 608 are individually accessible, allowing the functional nodes 606, the power input node 610 and the alternative node to be individually isolated 612 input/output power from busbar 602 power distribution. Again, the functional sections housing the functional assemblies 606, the power input assembly 610, and the alternate power input/output assembly 612 may be individually numbered or coded so that they can be easily located during wiring, maintenance, and repair. In addition, the functional sections and their covers may be colored white, while the power distribution section 614 may be colored orange to distinguish live areas from isolated areas in the switchboard cabinet 600.

In the illustrated embodiment, functional nodes 606 placed in functional sections include terminals and auxiliary status outputs. Additional functional nodes 606 are placed in the sections made in the covers of the functional sections. These functional nodes 606 include a power quality meter, power indicator lights, a voltage relay, and a surge protector. Obviously, functional nodes 606 can be interfaces or connection points for any and all conventional electrical components, devices, tools, circuits, loads, etc. Figure 12 shows a three-pole wiring configuration for power distribution busbar 602 and functional nodes 606, but it is clear that the switchboard cabinet 600 can alternatively be implemented in any and all conventional configuration types or grounding types: number of poles; the number of wires; High-voltage; single- or three-phase; two-pole, three-wire; four-pole, five-wire; two-pole, two-wire; three-pole, three-wire; etc.

Power distribution system embodiments of the invention can be envisioned that provide switchboards and power systems supporting telecommunications equipment and other platforms that personnel can operate safely without operating live power equipment and without interrupting the operation of telecommunications equipment, etc. platforms. Embodiments of the invention provide the following advantages.

Hazard - occupational health and safety - excludes the danger of electric shock to electricians.

Danger - human intervention - excludes the danger of human intervention, which leads to disruption of power supply to critical loads.

Danger - interruptions in the power supply - allows you to carry out numerous electrical procedures without electrical isolation of critical loads.

The danger - the financial impact on the business - allows you to carry out numerous electrical procedures without electrical isolation of critical loads. Reduces the need for planned shutdown of power distribution systems, which causes interruptions in power supply.

Back-off procedures - in cases where the repair of the switchboard above is required, a fully functional parallel alternative supply of the switchboard using a switchboard with individually isolated functional zones without interrupting the supply of power to critical loads.

Upgrade Procedures - In the event that a re-organisation/upgrade/alteration of an existing electrical network system is required, a fully functional parallel alternative power input (main) for the switchboard can be provided from an upstream switchboard with individually isolated functional zones without interrupting the power supply to critical load.

A comprehensive solution for working with critically important power distribution systems under voltage -

Elimination of the danger of electric shock when carrying out electrical work on critically important power distribution systems under voltage. Enables electricians to perform work on critical power distribution systems without having to disconnect power distribution infrastructure/switchboards/auxiliary panels/multiple sub-circuits to perform electrical work.

Design criteria - at the stage of construction of the electrical network, individually isolated functional zones provide significant flexibility to ensure the continuity of power supply to critical loads for exit procedures, which include, for example: thermographic surveying - damage elimination; update procedures; failure - quick restoration of power supply to critical loads - thanks to the possibility of accessing power from the switchboard of isolated functional zones for connecting temporary cables for temporary power supply of the switchboard to restore power supply to critical loads; AC power distribution - all voltages without limitation; DC power distribution - all voltages without limitation; current - without limitation.

Embodiments of the invention provide individually isolated functional areas that, being isolated, have no live conductors, eliminating or at least minimizing the risk of electric shock. Implementation options allow electricians to isolate a separate isolated functional area for each output circuit/cable and change the protective device in the isolated functional area to match changing business requirements without having to disconnect the entire switchboard, for example single phase/three phase 15-32A output sub-circuits/15 -32A switching outputs in operating conditions.

Embodiments of the invention also provide a separate isolated functional area for a fully functional alternate (with feedback) input power circuit/cable, which can additionally be used as a fully functional output power circuit. Implementation options additionally provide individually isolated functional zones for power take-off boxes of electric risers. In addition, embodiments allow electricians to isolate individually isolated functional areas using a protective device in the power take-off box, and allow circuit/cable connection/disconnection in isolated functional areas to accommodate changing business requirements without having to disconnect the entire riser.

Embodiments of the invention additionally provide for individually isolated functional zones for monitoring/measuring/surge protection equipment. This allows electricians to isolate a separate isolated functional area for voltage monitoring/power quality measurement/surge protection equipment for upgrade and maintenance purposes.

In addition, the variants of the invention provide individually isolated functional zones for the potential-free connection of the VAB terminals. This allows potential-free circuit breaker status monitoring/voltage source monitoring/surge protection status, which terminates in a separate functional area for potential-free connection to the VAb connection terminals.

According to switchboard embodiments, individual isolated functional zones may be fed from the live zone of the switchboard via dedicated circuit breakers/circuit breakers/fuses 1, 2, C or 4-pole - used to disconnect each isolated functional zone. Neutral conductors supplying isolated functional zones terminate in the live zone of the switchboard on a traditional neutral bus and, in the case of a 4-pole switchgear configuration, the neutral is connected directly to the circuit breaker/circuit breaker (4-pole). Grounding conductors feeding isolated functional areas terminate in the live area of the switchboard on a traditional grounding bus. All internal switchboard conductors between the live zone of the switchboard and the isolated functional zones are terminated in both zones by means of a screw, crimp or bolted terminal and do not require specialized coating in either the live zone or the isolated functional zones. 1-, 2-, 3-phase and 4-pole protection options for the output cable of the auxiliary power source or sub-circuit can be provided at the design stage, when the switchboard of the isolated functional area is completed and the critical load is connected, changes of protective devices in isolated functional areas can be made . For example, if special three-phase b6ZA circuit breakers/circuit breakers/fuses are used in a live area to supply isolated functional areas, and if the conductors between the live area and the isolated functional areas are properly sized and protected, then the protective devices in the isolated functional areas can be selectively vary between single-, two- and three-phase and between nominal currents of 10, 16, 20, 32, 40, 50, 63A. This allows you to flexibly change auxiliary power sources and sub-circuits without disconnecting other critical loads connected to the same switchboard. As a result, each conductor in a cable that connects to or disconnects from a switchboard terminates in a separate isolated functional area at a circuit breaker, fuse block, terminal, or bolted to a copper line.

Embodiments of the invention relieve electricians of the need to interact with live conductors under load that do not exist in isolated functional zones. The only conductors that require the interaction of an electrician are individual circuits that are isolated by functional zones. Individually isolated functional zones according to the variants of the invention allow a wide range of procedures for safe operation without shutting down the entire system or the critical load connected to it. Such procedures may, for example, include: replacement of a faulty protective device (circuit breaker or fuse block); change of type, protection rating, phase connection, etc. automatic switches, fuse blocks, output current devices, etc.; replacement, repair, connection, etc. monitoring and/or control equipment; replacement, repair, connection, etc. current transformers from the primary power input to switchboards and output sub-circuits; replacement, repair, connection, etc. surge protection devices for switchboards; connecting and disconnecting sub-circuit switchboards, primary power input, fully functional parallel alternative power input, fully functional sub-circuit power output, power quality analyzers, etc.; construction of an electrical network; thermographic imaging, troubleshooting, etc.; updating, increasing capacity, etc.; quick restoration of power supply to critical loads in the event of failures by accessing power from functional areas to connect temporary cables for temporary power supply of the switchboard to restore power supply to critical loads; etc.

Variants of the invention can be implemented in the form of a single final distribution switchboard, which continuously supplies power to critical power equipment, computing equipment, communication equipment, etc. at an industrial enterprise, plant, factory, etc. Isolated functional zones allow, for example, to disconnect redundant sub-circuits from the final distribution switchboard, connect new sub-circuits to the final distribution switchboard, change the final protection device of the sub-circuit from single-phase to three-phase, change rated currents, etc.

In addition, individually isolated functional zones allow connection and disconnection to/from the final distribution switchboard without interrupting power supply to critical loads.

The embodiments have been described solely by way of example, and changes are possible within the scope of the disclosed invention. For example, isolated functional zones can be formed into or electrically connected to one or more components of power equipment in an electrical distribution system, which includes at least one of an electrical switchboard, an electrical device, an electrical load, an electrical distribution subsystem, and an electrical component and an electrical device.

Power equipment can include an uninterruptible power supply (UPS). In addition, embodiments of the invention can be implemented in AC and DC power distribution systems without voltage or current limitations.

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My goals 13

Claims (9)

1. Electrical distribution equipment, which includes feeders, which respectively end inside a set of isolated sections, and have the ability to communicate with each other 1 to be isolated from each other by a set of isolating devices, which are respectively connected to a set of isolated sections, but placed outside them, allowing electrical work to be carried out safely during operation on the respective isolated feeders within the respective isolated sections while the other feeders remain energized. 2. Electrical distribution equipment according to claim 1, in which the feeders are connected to each other by a busbar external to the set of isolated sections. 3. Electrical distribution equipment according to claim 1! or 2, in which the feeders include at least one input feeder and at least one output feeder. 4. Electrical distribution equipment according to claim 3, in which the feeders include at least two input feeders, which, respectively, have the ability to connect to at least two alternative power inputs through at least two isolated sections. 5. Electrical distribution apparatus according to any of the preceding items, in which the plurality of isolating devices is selected from disconnectors, circuit breakers, fuses, and combinations thereof. b. Electrical distribution equipment according to any of the previous items, in which the feeders are single-phase or multi-phase and single-core or multi-core. 7. Electrical distribution equipment according to any of the previous items, which includes switching equipment, a switching panel, a switchboard, a switching cabinet, a distribution cabinet and their combinations. 8. An electrical system that includes electrical distribution equipment according to any of the previous items. 9. Uninterruptible power supply system, including power distribution equipment according to claim 4.