UA144165U - METHOD OF QUICK ESTABLISHMENT OF PSTN-MODEM CONNECTIONS - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of quickly establishing a PSTN modem connection includes establishing access to a data channel, identifying channel characteristics, configuring PSTN modems according to channel characteristics, configuring PSTN modem echo compensators, negotiating a connection protocol, and transmitting data between PSTN modems configuring using an agreed connection protocol, in which: - data transmission is carried out in duplex mode with the separation of signals of reception and transmission by echo compensation, - identification of channel characteristics and adjustment of echo compensator of each of the PSTN modems each PSTN modem, - access to the data channel is carried out by sending a PSTN modem call, which contains the training sequence and connection parameters for negotiation, while using a multiple access protocol, when each of the PSTN modems is connected to the transmission channel data asynchro nno, without coordination of the moment of connection and without need of preliminary distribution of roles of modems both that causes, and that corresponds.

Description

še VLEESya Not a word

Management by me

Bits of the protocol I Kz | her

Fig. 1

A utility model belongs to the field of telecommunications and can be used to transfer data between terminal devices connected to modems. As a transmission medium, physical lines or channels of tone frequency can be used, including channels of the switched telephone network of public use (Ribiis Zm/ysney Tererpope Metmoik,

RBTM). In this description, the term "modem" refers to a RETM modem.

There are known modems designed for connection to Internet providers and data transmission via the Internet: modem СОМ320 (pNrz/Lymly.satrrbeiIvsi.sot/sotZa20), modem zZrogivgeg

Moiise 33.6 Rach-Modet production O.5. Koboiis5 (pNr/Lymly.ivg.sot), M/ipaomv-fax-modem

Zyrgabach Modet 33.6i RpR produced by Oiatopi Miyiteaia (vNr/Lymlu.diatopadtt.sot).

The main disadvantage of such devices is a relatively long connection establishment time. This disadvantage is especially significant when using modems to provide voice services, for example, to provide voice communication through a data transmission channel formed by modems. At the same time, communication between subscribers is established every time after the subscriber's number is dialed and the subscriber's modem "picks up the phone". Establishing connections between such modems takes place in accordance with the recommendations of ITO-T M.34, M.32Bi5, M.32 and takes at least 7 seconds. During this time, channel characteristics are identified and modems are configured according to the channel status, echo cancellers are configured, and signal speeds and parameters are agreed upon. Only after that the data transfer starts.

However, for voice telephone connections, the comfortable waiting time for the connection of subscribers should not exceed 2-3 seconds. At the same time, in the event of a connection interruption (due to interference and short-term communication interruptions), the process of establishing an interrupted connection involves repeating the entire procedure of establishing a connection from the beginning, which multiplies the time of establishing a connection.

There is a known method of establishing a connection of modems by measuring the connection parameters, mainly through ESHegpay, and calibrating (tuning) the parameters of channels and synchronization signals (052001038674 (A1) from 08.11.2001). The use of this method to improve data transmission over tone frequency channels is not provided for.

A known protocol for establishing a facsimile connection, which provides for a reduction in the time of establishing a connection due to the introduction of the adaptability of the channel characteristics assessment phase and

From the end of the phase after reaching the specified characteristics of the accuracy of parameter estimation (056560321 (B1) dated 05.06.2003). Such a protocol gives an advantage in reduced connection times only for channels with a small signal propagation time (short response time) and does not give an advantage in connection speed for channels with a long signal propagation time.

In 052004146148 (AT) dated 07/29/2004, the reduction of connection establishment time in the data transmission system using modems is provided by the accumulation and further use of the results of identifying the characteristics of the channels through which connections were previously made. As a result, the time to establish a connection using the M90 protocol is from 4 to 10 seconds. This approach has relatively low efficiency due to the inconstancy of channel properties over time. There is also an assumption about the use of algorithms with a low rate of convergence.

As the closest analogue, the method of connecting modems in duplex mode, described in

ЕРОб6О1260 (JSC) dated 06.15.1994. This method involves pre-determining the calling modem and the receiving modem. Then the channel parameters are evaluated followed by the adjustment of the echo canceller and equalizer of each of the modems in duplex mode.

That is, according to this method, the parameters of the modem connection are first set and implemented, and the characteristics of the transmission path are evaluated for the established connection. With

Configuring modems in duplex mode leads to an increase in the configuration time and deterioration of its accuracy, since the configuration takes place in conditions of a high level of noise. In this case, the noise is the remains of the uncompensated echo from the echo canceller, which has not yet been adjusted. Such remnants of the uncompensated echo interfere with the work of algorithms for identifying the parameters of the receiving signal. For echo canceller tuning algorithms, the noise is the received signal, against the background of which will be the signal of the own modem, which needs to be compensated. Thus, the connection of modems according to ЕРО6ЭО0О1260 (AT) involves a combination of setup procedures due to the simultaneous transmission of the training sequence, which leads to a sharp deterioration in the accuracy of echo canceller tuning and the accuracy of channel parameters estimation and will inevitably limit the data transfer rate in the end. Also, the method according to ERObO1260 (Ai) provides for the distribution of bands and low-speed transmission of parameters in duplex mode, which does not give advantages for quickly establishing a connection of modems and reduces the maximum achievable transmission speed by a modem by at least two times.

The useful model is based on the task of developing a new modem connection protocol using fast algorithms for identifying channel characteristics to reduce the time required to establish a duplex connection.

The task is solved in such a way that, according to the useful model, the method of quickly establishing the connection of ROTM modems involves establishing access to the data transmission channel, identifying the characteristics of the channel, setting the ReTM modems depending on the characteristics of the channel, setting the echo cancellers of the ReTM modems, coordination of the connection protocol and data transfer between ReBTM-modems according to the setting using the agreed connection protocol. Moreover, in this method, data transmission is carried out in duplex mode with separation of reception and transmission signals by the method of echo compensation, identification of channel characteristics and echo canceller settings of each of the ROTM modems is performed, respectively, when receiving and transmitting at least one training sequence by each ReTM modem, access to the channel data transmission is carried out by sending a call by the RZTM modem, which contains the training sequence and connection parameters for negotiation. At the same time, a multiple access protocol is used, when each of the ROTM modems is connected to the data transmission channel asynchronously, without coordination of the moment of connection and without the need for prior distribution of the roles of the modems as the one that calls and the one that answers.

According to one preferred embodiment of the utility model, negotiation of the connection protocol may include role allocation, negotiation of signal parameters and data rates. Role allocation refers to the assignment of a calling modem and an answering modem for a given data transfer period.

According to another preferred embodiment of the utility model, after including each of

RZTM-modems goes into the mode of receiving a call, and if there is no call, each ROTM-modem transmits the call sequence, after which it goes into the state of receiving an answer.

According to one more preferred implementation of the utility model, each RZTM-modem (TiteOtsii) independently assigns a pause after a call. At the same time, the pause is defined as a random variable that has a distribution of the basic average value close to normal, the average value of which is mostly greater than the expected delay in the channel (goipa yihir), and is within the limits, with a root mean square deviation, less than the mathematical expectation of the delay time. The means of randomly determining a pause can be implemented both in hardware and software. In the case of hardware implementation, such a component of the RZTM-modem can be a sensor of random or pseudo-random numbers (rhendogapdot pitbeg depegate (REMO)). In the case of software implementation, a software generator of pseudo-random numbers can be used.

According to another of the preferred options for implementing a useful model, the conditions of normality of the distribution of a random variable and the mean square deviation can be determined by the ROTM-modem based on the machine learning algorithm (tasbspipe Ieagpipod).

According to one more of the preferred implementation options of the useful model, after receiving the response, the ROTM modem determines mutually acceptable parameters of the data transmission signal and data transmission speed, followed by the transmission of the confirmation sequence of the selected parameters to another ROTM modem and the start of information transmission at the agreed speed.

According to another preferred embodiment of the utility model, random numbering of each call and ignoring a response with a number that matches the number of the last call may be applied.

According to another preferred embodiment of the utility model, the assignment of roles may include designating the modem that first accepted the call as the answering modem, with the modem then sending a response message to the modem from which the call was received.

The technical result of using this method is a reduction in the time of establishing a duplex connection of modems to the order of one second, as well as a reduction in the time of restoring a connection after strong interference and short-term communication interruptions due to a reduction in the number of connection establishment phases, a reduction in the duration of each phases, continuing the connection protocol from the failed phase without having to repeat all the connection establishment phases from the beginning.

The obtained technical result is explained by the fact that: the protocol for connecting ROTM modems of the declared design has means of resolving conflicts (in case of overlapping calls), which are implemented based on the randomness of the intervals between the calls of each of the modems,

each of the two ROTM modems participating in the connection can be the calling or the answering one, depending on which of the modems first accepts the valid call of the other modem. At the same time, the modem that accepted the call becomes the answering modem, the mode of operation of ROTM modems (the one that calls and the one that answers) is not fixed before the start of the connection and can be changed during the connection in order to continuation of the connection process (for example, in the event of its interruption) from the connection phase proposed by the correspondent modem, the ROTM modem proposed for the implementation of the method has means of call numbering and identification of the echo of its call, which allows connection on channels with a large signal propagation time. These tools are implemented in the form of a mechanism for random numbering of calls by each subscriber and can be implemented both hardware and software, similar to the tool for randomly determining a pause.

List of images

The utility model is explained by an example of an implementation of a ReTM-modem with fast connection establishment and a method of fast connection establishment between such ROTM-modems. The example is illustrated by the following images:

Fig. 1 - block diagram of RZTM-modem with quick connection establishment,

Fig. 2 - a schematic representation of the connection protocol of two RZTM modems,

Fig. C - the constellation of 4RM (A) and 8RM (B) signals, which are used in the connection establishment protocol

ROTM modems,

Fig. 4 - state transition diagram (25207) describing the connection protocol of two RZTM modems.

The given examples and used images do not limit other possible options for the implementation of a useful model, but only explain its essence and confirm the possibility of implementation.

Detailed description of execution

The RZTM-modem contains a switch (1) as a means of transmitting data in duplex mode, to the input of which data is sent for transmission in the form of a stream of bits. The output of the switch (1) is connected to the serially connected scrambler (2), deserializer (3), coding means: trellis coder (4) and signal coder (5) and low-pass transmission filter (6). The output of the low-frequency transmission filter (b) and the reference frequency generator (7) are connected to

With a modulator. The output of the modulator is connected to a digital-to-analog converter, DAC (8).

The output of the DAC (8) is connected through the differential circuit (9) to the P5TM telephone line (10).

The output of the differential circuit (9) is connected to the analog-to-digital converter, ADC (11).

The RZTM modem also contains an echo canceller filter (12), the input of which is connected to a modulator and a unit for calculating echo compensation coefficients (13), a frequency response corrector (14), and a serially connected input filter (15), an equalizer (16), a Viterbi decoder ( 17) as a resolver, descrambler (18) and serializer (19). A band-pass adaptive filter was used as the input filter (15).

The ROTM-modem additionally contains an automaton of the connection establishment protocol (20), the input of which is connected to the output of the serializer (19), the output of the Viterbi decoder (17) and the output to the frequency response corrector (14). The output of the connection protocol automaton (20) is connected to the switch (1) for the transfer of switch control data and for the transfer of connection protocol data. The connection establishment protocol automaton (20) is a processing device suitable for ensuring the alternation of the connection establishment phases and the establishment of the connection protocol data depending on the results of the evaluation of the characteristics of the channel by the modem and the information received from the modem from which the response was received.

For data transmission over the telephone line, the stream of bits received through the switch (1) is scrambled using a scrambler (2) and grouped into groups of several bits in the deserializer (3). The number of groups depends on the transmission speed and is coded by a trellis coder (4) in accordance with the rules of convolutional coding. Each symbol from the output of the trellis encoder (4) is displayed in the signal encoder (5) in the symbols of the signal constellation (see Fig. 3).

Symbols are represented by complex numbers reflecting the amplitude and phase of symbol samples during data transmission. Samples corresponding to the transmitted symbols are received at the input of the low-pass transmission filter (6). From the output of the low-frequency transmission filter (6), samples in a complex representation are sent to the modulator. In the modulator, complex signal samples are multiplied, respectively, by sinusoidal and cosine samples from the reference frequency generator (7). At the output of the modulator, the orthogonal components of the signal are summed up and sent to the DAC (8), from which they are transmitted to the telephone line (10) through the differential circuit (9).

The signal from the correspondent's transmitter through the telephone line (10) is separated by the differential circuit (9) and enters the ADC (11). The ADC (11) converts the analog signal into a sequence of real numbers that reflect the value of the analog signal at the time of sampling. The input sequence is filtered in the frequency response corrector (14) in order to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. From the output of the frequency response corrector (14), the signal is sent to the demodulator, which converts the sequence of real numbers into a sequence of complex numbers, which displays the value of the demodulated signal (analytical presentation). The demodulated signal passes through the equalizer (16), which provides correction of the phase and frequency characteristics of the channel, and enters the Viterbi decoder (17). Next, the stream of symbols is descrambled in the descrambler (18) and converted into a stream of bits through the serializer (19). At the same time, the automaton of the connection establishment protocol (20) ensures the alternation of connection establishment phases and the setting of connection parameters (in particular, the data transfer rate) depending on the results of the evaluation of the channel characteristics by the modem itself and the information received from the correspondent's modem.

The operation of the RITM modem in duplex mode can be divided into two periods: connection establishment and data exchange. Establishing a connection starts from the moment of receiving a command from the terminal to establish a connection. The two modems are considered equal devices, but the modem that received the connection command is considered the calling modem. Such a modem starts sending paging signals at random intervals. The modem that first accepted the call to the correspondent's modem answers the call. In the process of transmitting a call and answering a call, each of the modems adjusts the echo canceller. In the process of receiving a call and receiving an answer to a call, each of the modems evaluates the frequency and statistical parameters of the channel, adjusts the corrector

Frequency response (14) and input filter (15).

The sequence of establishing a connection can be presented in the form of an alternation of the following phases of modem operation and phases of modem transmitter operation, presented in the RZTM-modem operation diagram in fig. 2. In fig. 2 and in the following explanation of the operation of the modem and the modem transmitter, the following notations are used:

C - the sequence AVAVAV ... with a length of 32 time intervals (321); 5- sequence SOSOSO ... length 81;

TAM - scrambled units at a speed of 4800 bps, here a dibit (sequence of two bits) is not coded, not scrambled, but directly displayed in state A, B, C or O (Fig. 3);

VS - speed selection signals of the calling modem;

BA - signals for selecting the speed of the corresponding modem;

ES - the end of the speed selection signal by the calling modem;

EA - the end of the speed selection signal by the corresponding modem;

B - executive units, which are scrambled and coded in the same way as the data that is then transmitted, 5, 75, TEM, "TAM are transmitted using the constellation PM4, without scrambling and trellis coding, KS, KA, ES, EA are transmitted with using the PM8 constellation with coding (K-2/3) and scrambling, and B and O are transmitted with coding, scrambling and at the selected speed (K-2/3) or OAM-32 (K-4/5) or OAM128 (K-6/7).

List and coding of parameters to agree connection parameters:

Coding of connection parameters (CA, CS)

First word KA, KS (16 bits)

ZKem/TI - F 000; - Vediyevi 5Kem/ igapetiyeg NPP: ZKemu: "8-Iey, " 8-PD9NIYU

KoetvmM - F 1000; - in the aviation industry and igapetitseg ediepsu soitesiyup gedievi) "Mopip - 5 0800; - Spappei! popiipeagiu Toipa -KoeiZM - F 0400; - in/p igapzvieg zidp ip Pg5i peh aiidii oi -KeU/TT /Madeb5KemltTt - 5 0200; - Ttapeteg pediepsu soitesiyop iv geaiigei - Vesoppesi - 5 0100; - Ragateieg ehspapde sotryeivyd -Avit5orevea - F 0080; - Avzutteiisa! zreei amayarie i5AMO - F 0004; - Wapdot pitrbeg iakKe riase ip yiyevi peh didiiy

BO o pOcri am - 5 0020; - pbiriyeh tode amaiiyarie

Ovem25 - 50010; - To ive M.25 rgoiosoi tapaayugu -Mi/igte - 5 0008; - Mige / Wadio p-Oirieh tode 56th

NpOoiri - 5,0040; - n-Yuirieh tode

Eaga - 5,0003; I- Soppesiop Riaze)

Second word BA, VS (16 bits) 96001 - F0080; - 9600 igapetii amayarie 9600 - F0040; - 9600 heseime amayarie

AVObg - F0010; - 4800 heseime amayarie

АВООИ - Ф0020; - 4800 igapotii amayarie 60 144001 - FO0008; - 14400 igapotii amayavrie

14400 - F0004; - 14400 hesvime amayarie 14400 - ФНО0; - SVSV8 "Let's eat moga

Description of modem phases: non-hemob-o | the correspondent's phone calls, the transmitter is blocked (Kadaves

Ragamoa-o. I received a call from a correspondent, the transmitter is blocked (BagaKez-8)

The transmitter issues a call (phases 1-4), the receiver is blocked (GagaBev-8) and the modem transmitter issues an answer to the received call (phases 1-3

Ragamoa-2 - : A. , training sequence), after which it definitely goes into phases:

Eagamod: - 4; GagaNev: - 4 training sequences of the modem, which corresponds to ten on

ERagamoa-4 and issuing a speed selection signal (RagaTg-4) until the end of receiving the training sequence 3), maintaining synchronism by the receiver when receiving K2 (RagaKez-4) from the calling modem

Description of transmitter phases: transmitter output transmitter

The parameters of the phases of the modem transmitter are presented in the table.

Table

Modem transmitter phase parameters

Number - Basic

Initial

Phase Type of word number | Collapsible

Designation - number y Scrambling podo nnnen tu TE EN SHO odn snom» bit 9600Г 71 18 Б |РМ4и | 03 0 | 0 (None |None//:

Yealeyes |RM8A |pa38| -::YKGMKR(II 7 1Э 777 1Э 7777

RM8, t 128

RM8, 7 OAMI16- |p-43 Yes Yes 128

Description of the phases of the receiver: there is no reverberation channel

EagaNev5-4. . total speed)

PEOM is a student of the "Pina innnnY" school

EagaNev5z-6th transition to data exchange phase 5

The connection establishment protocol according to the claimed method is also illustrated by the state transition diagram (5OT), fig. 4, which indicates the following stages of establishing a connection: - Start - the state of no need for a connection. Transition to the "Listening" state at the moment of receiving a command for the connection; - Listening (Phase 0) - the state of listening to the channel, in which the occupation of the channel by the transmission signal is evaluated. Prolonged listening equals Toca (Timeout). After switching from the "Listening" state, the Toci is approximately 10ms; - Phase analysis - the state of receiving a call or response, in which a transition is made after detecting the message header. The received message is recognized as a call or as a response to a call. Accordingly, a transition is made to the state of response to a call or the state of a call to response, in the case when no response is expected; - Waiting - the state of completion of transmission of the correspondent's modem; - Call transfer (Phase 1) - call transfer status. In this state, the modem goes in the absence of a signal or immediately after the end of the signal (successfully received or not successfully received) of the correspondent's modem, as well as after the end of the timeout waiting for a response to a previous call or a previous response; - Receiving an answer (Phase 3) - the state of waiting and receiving the correspondent's answer to the call. If the timeout is exceeded or the response contains errors (incorrect SES,

Susiis gedipdapsu spesK), then the transition to the call transfer state is made. After receiving the expected answer, a transition is made to the phase of evaluating the correspondent's parameters contained in the correspondent's answer; - Evaluation of connection parameters. Speed determination is a state in which the possibility of establishing a connection is analyzed based on the parameters offered by the correspondent's modem. If this possibility is considered not to be realized in the current state of the channel, a transition is made to the response transmission phase (Phase 2), in which it is proposed to change the connection parameters (reducing the speed, introducing the pre-error of the frequency response of the transmitter, increasing the transmission level). If the parameters proposed by the correspondent's modem can be used to establish a connection, then consent to use the proposed parameters is transmitted; - Transmission of the agreed parameters (Phase 5) - the state of transmission of the agreed parameters of the modem connection of the correspondent and the transition to the state of waiting for confirmation of the selected parameters; - Waiting for confirmation - the status of waiting for confirmation of the selected parameters. If the selected parameters are not accepted by the modem of the correspondent or are not accepted reliably, then the transition to the transfer completion state is made; - Receiving a training sequence (Result of phase 6) - the state of receiving and checking a training sequence of a fixed length at a given speed. Upon successful reception, the transition to data transfer is carried out. If there are errors, transition to the transfer completion state is carried out; - The end of the transmission - the state in which the transmission of the sequence of the end of the transmission is carried out and the transmitter is turned off, after which a restart is carried out by switching to the "Listening" state (listening to the channel); - Receiving data (Phase 7) - the state of receiving data of indefinite duration. Exit from this state is carried out after receiving the end of transmission sequence from the correspondent's modem or receiving a command from the local terminal. If it is impossible to reliably receive information from the correspondent's modem, transition to the state of completion of transmission for further restart is carried out; - Transmitting a response (Phase 2) - the state of transmitting a response to a successfully received call. The answer contains a set of parameters for establishing a connection, as well as an assessment of the signal quality of the received call. The modem also enters this state when incompatibility of the current connection parameters and channel state estimates is detected; - Waiting for a response - the state of waiting for a response from the correspondent's modem. Duration

The waiting time is set in the modem configuration process and must be greater than the sum of the signal propagation delays in the forward and reverse directions; - Receiving parameters (Phase 4) - receiving the proposed connection parameters (speed and other similar); - Agreement of parameters (Phase 4) - state of transmission of agreed connection parameters.

The agreed connection speed can only be equal to or less than the speed offered by the modem of the correspondent; - Transmission of the training sequence (Phase b) - the state of transmission of the test sequence at the selected speed. When receiving a test sequence, the presence of errors is monitored. When errors are detected, the connection is restarted; - Transmission and reception (Phase 7) - data status at the selected speed. When receiving a test sequence, the presence of synchronization and errors are monitored. When errors are detected, the connection is restarted.

Claims (8)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA 1. A method of quickly establishing a connection of ROTM-modems, which is characterized by the fact that it includes establishing access to the data transmission channel, identifying channel characteristics, configuring ReTM-modems depending on the characteristics of the channel, setting echo compensators of ROTM-Mmodems, agreeing the connection protocol and data transmission between ROTM-modems according to the setting using the agreed connection protocol, in which: - data transmission is carried out in duplex mode with separation of reception and transmission signals by the method of echo compensation, - identification of channel characteristics and echo canceller settings of each of the ReTM-modems are performed accordingly when receiving and transmitting at least one training sequence by each ROTM-modem, - access to the data transmission channel is carried out by sending a call by the ROTM-modem, which contains the training sequence and connection parameters for negotiation, at the same time - the multiple access protocol is used, when each from RTM-modems are connected up to 60 data transmission channels asynchronously, without coordination of the moment of connection and without the need to pre-distribute the roles of modems as the one that calls and the one that answers. 2. The method according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the agreement of the connection protocol includes the distribution of roles, the agreement of signal parameters and data transmission speed. C. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that after switching on, each of the RZTM modems goes into call reception mode, and in the absence of a call, each ROTM modem transmits a call sequence, after which it goes into the state of receiving an answer. 4. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that it performs an independent assignment of a pause after a call by each RZTM-modem (TiteFdiy), while the pause is defined as a random variable that has a distribution of the basic mean value close to normal, the mean value of which is mostly greater than the expected delay in the channel (goshpa Iyhir), and is within the limits, with a root mean square deviation smaller than the mathematical expectation of the delay time. 5. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that the conditions of normality of the random variable distribution and the root mean square deviation are determined by the ROTM-modem based on the machine learning algorithm (tasdspipe Ieagpipod). 6. The method according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that after receiving the response, the RZTM modem determines the mutually acceptable parameters of the data transmission signal and data transmission speed, followed by the transmission of the confirmation sequence of the selected parameters to another RZTM modem and the start of information transmission at the agreed speed. 7. The method according to claim 1, which is distinguished by the fact that random numbering of each call is applied and an answer with a number that matches the number of the last call is ignored. 8. The method according to claim 2, which is characterized by the fact that the distribution of roles includes designating the modem that first accepted the call as the answering modem, with the latter sending a message about it in response to the modem from which the call was received. 2 2 E; 4 5 In Management and Bits of the protocol 5 what WHAT are you doing! Ge SO SU and pi 16 415 -53Н 14 Mch 1. Fig. 1 z g - regi w xx GE Tv Eh hv yiv x F gg w mae m v Z Ff vch xx w Eh z Z B: te x yah VE Ge! F F shk x with Z, sun 0 Ann EX. ZY i OO o vera a vypiv lonya MO a 0000 ET Kn nn shSs Zh S 8) i. SS: SSS: and. pa se DRINK, tya a VAS So a. EE. with o. h. at. 5 Offer about KE 5 ех DE PO what V 0000. 1 V s y. | Renewal In 6,000 -o vo. sg ho NO s EE g o nnya NN Fig. 2 Zah EN h o EZYA KU : х х х Ж Ж жк m Von ZNEeNY OO V vz shins AH EZ Her i y y : y ZHK: t 2 х и. - Ku: por y i g t EKZ i NYA Z ЖЖ жа g E Z: я ХХ Z: r ЖК: х; I t y y x Z y E y yy Uh wah kh. 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