TWI832976B - Method and apparatus for measuring vision function - Google Patents

Abstract

One system for replicating standardized vision tests (such as the 20’ Snellen test) includes a binocular viewer that attaches to a smartphone. A binocular viewer includes a housing including a pair of barrel covers having a gap that allows viewing through a pair of lens barrels, each lens barrel in visual communication with a second lens, a first lens, an aperture, and a front cover. The optical system uses a clever combination of front and rear lens surfaces, reduction and other systems to faithfully replicate the user-perceived line of sight of a traditional 20’ test. The system can be combined with other tests using both eyes, including color sensitivity and contrast. In addition, the device can be used as an ophthalmic phoropter by placing a deformable adjustable lens between the second lens and the eye. This allows the equivalent spherical refractive index to be estimated for each eye.

Description

Device and method for measuring visual function

This application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Application No. 62811492, filed on February 27, 2019, the contents of which are incorporated herein.

The patent application for this invention is a continuation in part (CIP) of U.S. application 16/176,631 Smart Phone Based Virtual Visual Charts for Measuring Visual Acuity filed on October 31, 2018, which requires provisional patent application 62 filed on October 31, 2017 /579,558 interest and priority date.

This invention patent application is a continuation in part (CIP) case of patent application 16/276,302 submitted on February 14, 2019. This application is a CIP of application 15/491,557 submitted on April 19, 2017. It is now February 2019 Patent 10206566, issued on the 19th, claims the rights and interests of provisional patent application 62/409,276 submitted on October 17, 2016.

In the event of any conflict between the inventive disclosure in this application and the disclosure in a related application, the disclosure in this application shall control. Furthermore, the inventors hereby incorporate by reference any and all copies or electronic files of any and all patents, patent applications, and other documents cited or mentioned in this application.

This application contains material protected by copyright and/or trademark. The copyright and trademark owner has no objection to the reproduction of any patent disclosure appearing in the Patent and Trademark Office files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright and trademark rights. Trademarks may include "VA101" and "Visual Acuity Tracker," "Visual Acuity Screener," "Insight" and/or "EyeQue Insight."

The present invention relates generally to vision measurement systems. More specifically, the present invention relates to the use of lens systems and proximity to user light sources to optically replicate standard visual measurements within the confines of a binocular viewer. Try. Disclosed embodiments include integration of high-resolution smartphones, communication systems, data retrieval systems, and other components.

Standardized vision tests are well known in the related art and generally require a distance of 20 feet between the test subject and the eye chart. Such tests work well in specialized testing spaces, such as ophthalmologists' offices or government motor vehicle facilities. With the advent of smartphones and other electronic devices, and less time spent outdoors, myopia is developing at an alarming rate in children. The shortcoming of the existing technology is that parents, teachers or caregivers who want to quickly and cost-effectively test their children's vision do not have the existing technology's oversized paper eye charts nor the clear, properly illuminated 20-foot space. . In addition, children are unlikely to remain standing at the 20 feet distance required for regular testing.

Existing technology is also riddled with shortcomings in visual health and testing of adults. Due to the high cost of eye exams and the current need to travel in person to see an eye care specialist, many adults are unable to get the eye exams they need. Myopia is a growing problem that is particularly acute among low-income people and is even more severe in low- and middle-income countries.

Existing technology does include the use of virtual images for eye exams, with one system sometimes referred to by Welch Allyn as the SPOT Vision Screener. Welch Allyn's equipment is very expensive and not suitable for consumer use. The Welch Allyn device cannot take advantage of the high-resolution screens of today's smartphones, and the device also requires a testing distance of three feet from the subject, making the device unsuitable for self-testing. Therefore, there are serious deficiencies in the related art and in the art with respect to the currently disclosed embodiments.

Recently, there have been a large number of free mobile applications (Apps) claiming to measure vision, but they need to replicate the 20' Snellen test, and the phone screen must be far away from the user, making the test very inconvenient and almost impossible in the case of testing children. . Furthermore, considering that in these free apps there is no limit on the distance from the tester to the smartphone, the test results are very inaccurate compared to the currently disclosed embodiments that impose a long distance limit.

It is a principal object of the present invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art by providing an unobtrusive and unique combination and construction of disclosed elements, said element comprising two sets of lenses having optical properties well suited to the relatively short viewing distance of a binocular observer. A range of optically produced conventional vision tests. The term "vision" may be defined as the eye's ability to view details at a predetermined distance. The disclosed embodiments of the present invention overcome the deficiencies in the art by providing fine-tuned light sources for high-resolution smartphone screens and cleverly using and integrating them. The integration of high-resolution smartphone screens also offers endless possibilities for eye charts or symbol displays for visual testing. Additionally, smartphone integration facilitates instant analysis of test results as well as instant communication and electronic storage of test results.

The present invention provides a self-administered vision testing solution that produces results similar to prior art vision testing performed in a physician's office. With an exposed binocular viewer working in conjunction with a smartphone running a specific app, users can perform self-administered distance (or near) vision tests without additional assistance. In addition, the system consisting of a binocular viewer and a smartphone can be used to perform other visual tests, including contrast sensitivity, color sensitivity, and refractive errors. The present invention also provides for the user to provide eye care by Professionals offer recommendations for ways to manage their eye health. The present invention also provides means for electronic communication between users and/or eye care professionals.

The disclosed embodiments overcome the shortcomings of the prior art by using reduction that occurs on the back side of the first lens including a concave surface.

The disclosed embodiments of the present invention overcome shortcomings in the art by providing an economical, rigorous, and self-administered vision test commensurate with the limited means of many people. Routine field testing is typically conducted at 20 feet (or 6 meters) to replicate real-life visual requirements, where objects at 20 feet have practical significance. A person with "normal" vision can have 20/20 vision, meaning that the test subject can see a 20/20 line of optotypes (letters, digits, rolled E, etc.) from a distance of 20 feet. Test subjects with "better than normal" vision will see the 20/15 line of the optotype (smaller in size than the 20/20 sight line) at a distance of 20 feet and are considered to have 20/15 vision. In contrast, a test subject with significantly "less than normal" vision (e.g. 20/200) has 1/10th the vision of a person with normal vision, or requires an object to be ten times closer to be seen by a person with normal vision at 20 feet Arriving at the same 20/20 line. Many vision standards are based on the 20-foot benchmark, based on the real-world need to see objects clearly at 20 feet. Therefore, a virtual replica of the 20-foot benchmark is useful as long as the virtual or optical replica tests the observer's ability to resolve opposing objects over an angular range of 20 feet. The currently disclosed embodiment not only simulates the angular sight line of the 20-foot test, but also improves upon the conventional 20-foot test through the use of randomly rotating sight targets, static lighting, instant test result reporting, test analysis, and electronic storage.

Additionally, replicating the standard 20-foot test can be used to detect a variety of conditions such as refractive errors, astigmatism, myopia, hyperopia, color blindness, glaucoma, and macular degeneration.

The device can also be used as a portable phoropter by inserting an adjustable lens system between the lens (360) and the user, who adjusts the diopter of the lens to achieve optimal vision due to the Light is nearly parallel, so adjusting the lens system will help focus the light on the retina of the eye.

Accurate refractive values can be achieved by using an adjustable stokes cylindrical lens pair and an adjustable spherical lens to offset the astigmatism and spherical error of the adjustable lens system. Diopter determination is the refractive correction provided by a device such as prescription glasses.

In particular, myopia is the medical term for a common vision disorder called myopia, in which near vision is clear but distant objects appear blurry. Over the past 30 years, the global prevalence of myopia has increased rapidly, and there is a significant risk of visual impairment associated with high myopia, including retinal damage, cataracts, and glaucoma. It was estimated that in 2010 myopia would affect 27% (1.9 billion) of the world's population. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) report on myopia, myopia is expected to affect 33% (2.6 billion) of the world's population by 2020 and 50% (5 billion) of the world's population by 2050.

The disclosed embodiments of the present invention are well suited for testing children's vision because the disclosed binocular viewer can be used in smaller rooms or crowded environments where the eye chart is fixed at a distance from the test subject 20 feet away with proper lighting is impractical.

Vision problems currently affect one in four school-age children in the United States, a rate even higher than in other countries such as South Korea and China. Visual impairment in children can lead to lifelong learning, emotional and behavioral problems. The American Optometric Association recommends a comprehensive eye exam every 1-2 years. However, because children's eyes develop rapidly, myopia may not be detected until it progresses to a significant degree during this time. Research shows that the progression of myopia in children can be slowed or stopped, thereby improving vision throughout life. Early detection and intervention can slow The development of myopia in school-age children is critical, and therefore, the presently disclosed embodiments serve to provide a convenient, low-cost, self-administered, and easily accessible method to monitor visual changes, such as the onset of myopia. The disclosed embodiments have global applicability, as the lack of eye care professionals in underdeveloped countries prevents vision screening from being available to many people. Therefore, as a first step toward treatment, the disclosed embodiments of the present invention are critical to provide a visual screening tool that allows for self-administration and simple accessibility to test vision.

Currently, distance vision testing is typically performed in a doctor's office as the first step in a comprehensive eye exam to evaluate vision. In the prior art, the test subject is usually located at a large distance, usually 20ft (or 6 meters), and the visual target contains different letters of different sizes (Snellen table), or the letter "E" of different sizes with different orientations. ” (Tumbled E form) or the letter “C” in different sizes in different orientations (Landolt C form), the examiner asks the test subject to identify the letter or the direction of the letter that corresponds to a given line on the test form, each The descending table line contains letters of smaller size.

The present invention includes a method for self-administered vision screening that includes the steps of requesting user information, conducting a vision test at a distance or near distance, reporting vision results, and tracking changes in vision. After the test, the results are displayed immediately on the smartphone and stored on a secure cloud server.

Smartphones are used as displays to create visual targets. In one embodiment, the visual target is selected as a tumbled E-table in which the letter "E" is displayed with random orientations including up, down, left, and right. The smartphone connects to the optical device in a similar way that the smartphone connects to the virtual reality headset. The optical device includes a unique lens system that projects the E-meter displayed on the smartphone to a virtual distance of 20 feet (6 meters) for distance vision and 14 inches (35 centimeters) for distance vision. for close vision).

The smartphone generates visual targets with a white background and black letters that look similar to a regular physical eye chart. However, unlike the prior art test of printed, static and predictably tumbling E-lists, in this embodiment the letter E and its orientation are randomly generated by the smartphone during testing. Therefore, the letter E was oriented in a different order for each test, reducing memory effects that could skew test results.

In one intended method of use, a user looks through a binocular viewer attached to a smartphone and uses a finger to slide across the smartphone's touch screen to interact with an iOS or Android application. Using up, down, left, and right swipe gestures, the smartphone application receives user input based on what the user perceives to be the current E-orientation displayed on the smartphone. After the test, the smartphone app calculates visual acuity values and displays the results on the screen. The visual record created is stored on a secure cloud server along with a timestamp. Over time, a history of the visual test is created that can be used. Use as a reference for monitoring visual changes.

For users who are already moderately nearsighted or farsighted, measuring visual acuity without correction is not appropriate for measuring the efficacy of the user's current correction. Accordingly, the disclosed embodiments allow test subjects to wear contact lenses or glasses to verify whether their current corrective eyeglass prescription is appropriate, or in other words, whether the correction provided by the contact lenses or glasses helps improve vision, 20 /20 vision is the baseline.

In a public repository system, a history of recorded vision test results can be shared wirelessly with parents or eye care professionals via email or alerts, minimizing communication costs and time.

Disclosed embodiments include devices and methods for determining a test subject's interpupillary distance, or PD, using a smartphone application.

The disclosed embodiments may measure presbyopia and/or function as a phoropter, with adjustable spherical and cylinder values.

100: Generally Disclosed Embodiments

200: Shell

205:Window

210: Foam pad

220: Fasteners

222: Surface insert

225:mask

227: Pin guide

240:PD wheel

242:PD knob

245:Cylinder cover

247:hook

250: Lens barrel

253:Pinion gear

254:PD transmission device

255:hole

257:Gear cover

260:Front cover

265:Micro suction tape

300: Overall lens system

310: Near side of visual ray or near eye point

320: first lens

325: The first surface or front surface includes the aspherical surface of the first lens 320

330: The second or back surface includes the concave surface of the first lens 320

360: Second lens or spherical convex lens

380: The far side or far eye point of the visual ray

400: Smartphone or other personal electronic device

405:Smartphone display or screen surface

410: The strap that secures the smartphone to the case

500: Central imaging system, capable of 3D implementation

600: human eye

620: Eye lens

640:Retina

700: Cloud storage/communication system

720:User information database

740: Eye Care Professional Database

760: Glasses production database

800: Adjustable lens system for refractive correction and other functions

These and other aspects of the invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

The patent or application file contains at least one drawing rendered in color. The Office will provide copies of this patent or patent application publication with color drawing(s) upon request and payment of the necessary fee.

Figure 1 depicts a schematic front perspective view of a disclosed embodiment binocular viewer.

Figure 2 depicts a rear perspective schematic view of the disclosed embodiment.

Figure 3 depicts a top schematic view of the disclosed embodiment.

Figure 4 depicts a schematic bottom view of the disclosed embodiment.

Figure 5 depicts a schematic left side view of the disclosed embodiment.

Figure 6 depicts a schematic right side view of the disclosed embodiment.

Figure 7 depicts a schematic rear view of the disclosed embodiment.

Figure 8 depicts a schematic elevation of the disclosed embodiment.

Figure 9 depicts a rear perspective schematic view of the disclosed embodiment with an attached smartphone.

Figure 10 depicts an exploded schematic of the disclosed embodiments.

Figure 11 depicts a schematic diagram of the disclosed panels and other components.

Figure 12 depicts a schematic diagram of the disclosed housing and other components.

Figure 13 depicts a schematic diagram of the disclosed components disposed in a binocular viewer.

Figure 14 depicts a schematic diagram of apparent ray tracing.

Figure 15 depicts a typical long-distance test schematic.

Figure 16 depicts a schematic diagram of the disclosed test system compared to a conventional system.

Figure 17 depicts a schematic cross-sectional view of the disclosed optical system.

Figure 18 depicts a schematic diagram of a blurred image of the prior art.

Figure 19 depicts a clear image schematic through use of the disclosed embodiments.

Figure 20 depicts a graphical representation of lens surface properties.

Figure 21A depicts a schematic front view of the first lens.

Figure 21B depicts a schematic side view of the first lens.

Figure 21C depicts a perspective schematic view of the first lens.

Figure 22A depicts a schematic front view of the second lens.

Figure 22B depicts a schematic side view of the second lens.

Figure 22C depicts a perspective schematic of the second lens.

Figure 23 depicts a schematic diagram of an eye chart image generated on a smartphone screen.

Figure 24 depicts a schematic flow diagram of information obtained from the disclosed embodiments.

Figure 25 depicts a schematic diagram of an adjustable lens system and other components for refractive correction.

Figure 26 depicts a schematic diagram of the disclosed embodiment.

Figure 27 depicts a schematic diagram of the disclosed lens system.

Figure 28 depicts a schematic representation of binocular vision.

Figure 29 depicts a schematic diagram of the visual measurement and recording system.

Figure 30 depicts a vision representation diagram.

Figure 31 depicts another vision representation.

Figures 32A-32B depict eye chart symbology diagrams.

Figure 33 depicts the Pelli-Robson representation.

Figures 34A and 34B depict Landot C or tumbled E diagrams.

Figure 35 depicts a schematic diagram of the sine wave grating test.

Figure 36 depicts a schematic comparison between contrast sensitivity and spatial frequency.

Figures 37A to 37C depict schematic diagrams of the Ishihara color vision test.

Figures 38A and 38B depict field of view diagrams.

Figures 39A-39C depict schematic diagrams of disclosed lens systems.

Figure 40 depicts a schematic diagram of the disclosed method steps.

Figure 41 depicts the Amsler grid schematic.

Figure 42 depicts a schematic diagram of the stereoscopic depth perception test.

Figure 43 depicts another schematic diagram of a stereoscopic vision depth perception test.

The following detailed description is directed to certain specific embodiments of the invention. However, the invention may be embodied in many different ways as defined and covered by the claims and their equivalents. In this description, reference is made to the drawings, in which like parts are designated with the same reference numerals throughout.

Unless otherwise stated in the specification or the scope of claims, all terms used in the specification and the scope of claims will have the meanings commonly assigned to these terms by those skilled in the art.

Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the specification and claims, the words "include", "includes" and the like are to be understood in an inclusive sense rather than in an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is, in a sense "Including but not limited to". Words using the singular or plural number also include the plural or singular number respectively. Additionally, when used in this application, the words "herein," "above," "below," and words of similar import shall refer to this application as a whole and not to any specific portions of this application.

Figure 1 depicts a disclosed embodiment 100, sometimes referred to as an EyeQue Insight™, optical device or binocular viewer. In general, the disclosed embodiments provide a compact, portable, and economical way to replicate standard vision tests. In a standard vision test, the test subject is located 20 feet from the eye chart. Use the disclosed embodiments to replicate the same experience using a binocular viewer and a smartphone and test results. Unlike the prior art, embodiments of the present disclosure seamlessly integrate with electronic storage media such as cloud systems. Typically, the disclosed components are enclosed in housing 200 .

Figure 2 depicts a perspective view showing a strip of foam pad 210 in the foreground.

Figure 3 depicts a top view showing a PD knob 242 for setting the user's estimated interpupillary distance, or PD. By viewing the mark displayed on the smartphone, the disclosed embodiment allows the user to rotate the PD knob 242 to align the spacing between the lens barrels with the user's PD. The measured PD is displayed on PD wheel 240.

Figure 4 depicts a bottom view of the disclosed embodiment.

Figure 5 depicts a right side view and 6 a left side view.

Figure 7 depicts a front view and Figure 8 shows a rear view.

Figure 9 depicts a front perspective view of a smartphone 400 or other personal electronic device attached to the back side of the device. Tape 410 or other fasteners can be used to secure the phone to the case.

Figure 10 depicts an exploded view of a disclosed embodiment, which may include a lens system 300 including a first lens 320 or a first set of lenses and a second lens 360 or a second set of lenses. Typically, lens systems are visually tested by using systems that need to be smaller than about 11 inches by optical analogue to existing technologies that require 20 feet of space. The first and second sets of lenses are fixed within a lens barrel 250, and the lens barrel moves along a horizontal plane to match the user's PD or estimated PD. The user's PD is obtained by presenting the image on the smartphone, and the distance between the tubes is adjusted according to the user's PD. The user can adjust the PD knob 242 and can observe the exported or estimated PD value by looking at the PD wheel.

Viewing window 205 may include a transparent, flat surface from or adjacent to the user's eyes that keeps debris out of the system. Fasteners 220 may attach face insert 222 to housing 200 . The viewing window 205 may be disposed on or within the face insert, and the viewing window may be centered or aligned with the face barrel 225 , where the face barrel is aligned with the corresponding lens barrel 250 .

A pin guide 227 may be provided on the face insert 222 and is axially connected by the PD wheel 240 and the PD knob 242 . The outer end of the face barrel can be aligned within a gap defined by barrel cover 245. The void defined by barrel cover 245 can be aligned with or can assist in retaining the first set of lenses. The second set of lenses 360 can be retained in The proximal end of the lens barrel 250 may be in or aligned with the first set of lenses 320 and the distal end of the lens barrel may hold or be aligned with the first set of lenses 320 . The aperture plate 255 can define an aperture void aligned with the first set of lenses 320, the gear cover 257 can be secured to the distal end of the barrel, and the front cover 260 can be secured to the gear cover and within or on the housing 200, micro Micro suction tape 265 or other types of fasteners can be applied to the far side of the front cover 260, which has a flat finish surface to match the flat surface of a smartphone or other electronic device screen. .

Figure 11 depicts an enlarged view of face insert 222 and related components.

Figure 12 depicts an enlarged view of the housing, strips of foam pad 210, PD knob 242, and PD wheel 240. The PD wheel may include a flag or mark indicating the obtained PD or estimated PD corresponding to the user's adjustment of the PD knob 242 .

Figure 13 depicts an enlarged view of the more distal component of the disclosed embodiment.

Figure 14 depicts lines of sight or rays obtained by the disclosed lens system. A line of sight ray can start on or be generated by the smartphone screen surface 405, the line of sight or smartphone image can enter the aspheric surface 325 of the first lens 320, and the light will then enter the concave surface 330 of the first lens. Due to the action of the first lens, reduction occurs, enabling the production of an optically presented optotype that has the same line of sight as the optotype presented in physical paper form at 20 feet.

Finally, the image or light enters the second lens 360, which includes a spherical convex lens. The image or light then enters the eye lens 620 and then the retina 640.

Figure 15 depicts a typical distance vision test in which the subject and eye chart are 20 feet away.

Figure 16 depicts a comparison of conventional eye testing at 20 feet with the optics of the disclosed embodiments. The clever combination of first lens 320 and second lens 360 results in a compact and portable vision testing system that achieves the same results as the prior art 20-foot test. Therefore, images viewed from the disclosed embodiments have the same optical quality as images viewed in the prior art 20-foot vision test.

Figure 17 depicts a first lens 320 or a lens close to a smartphone screen, wherein the first lens has a first or front side 325 that includes an aspherical surface. The first lens 320 may have a back side including a concave surface. The second lens 360 may include a spherical convex lens.

Figure 18 depicts prior art barrel distortion. The disclosed use of the front aspherical surface of the first lens helps reduce the barrel distortion of the prior art.

Figure 19 depicts a clearer view through use of the disclosed embodiments.

In the disclosed embodiment, the first lens 320 has a front surface 325 that includes an aspheric surface for reducing optical distortions, such as the barrel effect, observed by a subject using the disclosed embodiment 100 . Optical distortion can be thought of as optical aberrations that distort and/or bend the line of sight, resulting in a curved or blurred image as exemplified in Figure 18. The image of Figure 18 was obtained by using a lens with a spherical surface, where barrel distortion is particularly visible along the four outer edges of the image, with the four outer straight edges appearing curved as if they were compressed in the barrel . This phenomenon is sometimes called "barrel distortion." The disclosed embodiments overcome the barrel distortion of the prior art by using the disclosed lens system 300, where excellent results are obtained, as exemplified in Figure 19.

By using the disclosed embodiments, deficiencies in the prior art are overcome, such as the lack of barrel distortion and the need for a distance of 20 feet between the test subject and the eye chart. Excellent results of the disclosed embodiment as shown in Figure 19 include significantly reduced barrel distortion, with the four outer edges appearing straight or nearly straight.

In the prior art, conventional lenses are made with spherical surfaces. Spherical lenses are known to introduce optical aberrations such as barrel distortion. A single surface with an aspherical profile can significantly reduce aberrations compared to using complex spherical lens groups. In some currently disclosed embodiments, the first surface 325 of the first lens 320 is made with an aspherical profile, meaning that the radius of curvature is not constant across the entire diameter. The material function of the aspherical surface is to reduce optical distortion and reproduce the same clear image as when viewing a prior art eye chart from a distance of 20 feet. The second surface 330 of the first lens 320 has a concave spherical profile, and the first lens 320 provides reduced optical power to produce a virtual image that is approximately three times smaller than the image displayed on the screen of the smartphone.

The second lens 360 may include a spherical convex lens. The second lens 360 creates another virtual image or optical image from the first virtual image or optical image created by the first lens 320 at a distance of 20 feet from the eye. The second lens 360 may have a magnification power of about 100.

Overall, the disclosed optical system may have a magnification of approximately 30%. Therefore, the size of the letters on and displayed by the attached smartphone is approximately 30 times smaller than the size of letters on the prior art paper eye chart used for the 20-foot vision test.

FIG. 20 discloses the best mode known so far for realizing the aspheric surface 325 of the first lens 320 . The curve 326 depicts the curvature value of the aspheric surface, that is, the first surface 325, and the horizontal straight line 331 depicts the curvature value of the spherical surface or the second surface 330 of the first lens. The horizontal x-axis measures the distance from the center of the lens in millimeters, while the vertical y-axis measures the curvature of the lens in millimeters.

Figure 21A depicts a front view of the first lens. The first lens may have an outer diameter of 14mm and an inner diameter of 12mm.

Figure 21B depicts the cross-sectional view of Figure 21A. Figure 21B shows the aspheric surface 325 of the first lens, and also shows the concave back surface 330 of the first lens, the outer distance may be 4.71 mm and the inner distance may be 2 mm.

Figure 21C depicts a perspective view of the first lens.

Figure 22A depicts a front view of second lens 360, which may have an outer diameter of 12 mm and an inner diameter of 11 mm.

Figure 22B depicts a side view of the second lens, where the second lens may have a width of 2.8 mm.

Figure 22C depicts a perspective view of second lens 360.

Figure 23 depicts an image such as "E" displayed on a smartphone screen.

24 depicts a flow diagram of information flowing from the disclosed embodiment 100 to a cloud storage 700 or communication system, where the collected data is stored or used by multiple database systems or external systems, the plurality of database systems or External systems may include user measurement database 720, eye care professional database 740, and eyewear manufacturing facility database 740.

Figure 25 depicts lenses and sight lines with the addition of an adjustable lens system 800 for refractive correction and other functions.

Referring to Figure 26, the disclosed embodiments are based on a binocular viewer device that allows a test image to be projected into the subject's eyes. It can project a single and possibly different image to each eye of the subject. The display used to generate the images can be a smartphone display attached to the device, or a screen built into the device. For example, an LCD display can be (LCD) is built into a device in the object plane of an optical system. Alternatively, OLEDs, spatial light modulators (SLMs) or LED arrays may be used to project images.

In one embodiment of the invention, the device consists of two optical devices as shown in Figure 26, one for each eye.

Figure 27 presents the disclosed optical device. In this embodiment of the invention, an image from the display is projected onto the subject's retina by means of a double lens set, the lenses being configured such that, together with the optical system of the subject's eye, the retinal image plane is consistent with the one used to generate the test Image display binding. In an example embodiment of the invention, light from the display is further diverged through a first lens and then Converged by a second lens, this arrangement produces parallel beams of light in different angular directions corresponding to different field points on the display. When these beams of light strike the cornea and pass through the pupil, they converge on the retina, forming a reduced image of the display on the retina.

Referring to Figure 28, the binocular configuration of the device can be used for depth perception and 3D vision. This can be achieved by exploiting the relationship between perception and stereoscopic vision and vergence to "trigger" the human visual system (the visual cortex in the brain) to perceive depth. Stereopsis (depth perception obtained through stereoscopic vision) is based on the horizontal difference between the images of the two eyes. When a person focuses on an object, the eyes converge to place the object in the center of the field of view. . Therefore, the images on the left and right eyes are different due to the angular parallax of surrounding objects. Due to the different receptive fields caused by this horizontal angular parallax, when the binocular cells in the visual cortex detect this difference, the brain will associated with depth. Figure 28 shows the image of the focal object and another object in front as seen by each eye.

The expected minimum horizontal parallax that can be detected by 97.5% of the population is 2.3 arc minutes, while 80% of the population can detect parallax as low as 30 arc seconds.

Stereoscopic vision can be divided into two aspects: coarse and fine. Coarse stereoscopic vision is usually related to peripheral vision and results in a general immersion in the environment. It mainly focuses on dynamic and low spatial frequency objects. Fine stereoscopic vision can determine the depth of objects in the central visual area. It enables visual cortical image fusion between the images of the two eyes, allowing the perception of coherent three-dimensional images.

Referring to Figure 29, in order to prevent double vision, the separate images of each eye in the brain are allowed to be reconciled as a single image and the visual quality is improved in the device; the device can make mechanical adjustments to the user's interpupillary distance. The mechanism may be manual (e.g., wheels and gears, slides) or automatic (e.g., using an electric motor). The image on the display also needs to be adjusted for this distance so that the center of the FoV is directly in line with the center of the user's pupil, as is its optical axis. Input to the interpupillary distance can either have an external measurement entered manually or via the app's Automatic measurement.

The test requires user input in various forms. This can be accomplished using the smartphone's touch screen, using the controls on the device itself, or using an external controller.

The device can also incorporate a variable lens system to allow for refractive correction. In one embodiment of the invention, this lens may replace the lens closest to the user's eye. In another embodiment, a variable lens may be added to the device between the user's eye and the first lens of the device; in another embodiment of the device, a variable lens may be added as space in the device permits. The lens is implemented in another position. In this case, the optical design and correction will require additional calibration or calculations to allow for the difference between the actual user's number of lenses or prescription and the power of the variable lens, which depends on the lens position.

Variable lenses can be constructed in a variety of ways. In embodiments of the invention, the lens may be a liquid lens. In other embodiments of the device, the lenses may be based on variable lenses as set forth herein and in related patent applications that are incorporated herein by reference. Another implementation of a variable lens in an embodiment of the invention may be a combination of a zoom lens and a Stokes lens pair for controlling cylinder and axis (astigmatism).

Description of visual tests and example implementations:

vision

There are several VA tests available to evaluate an individual's vision. The most common is the Snellen test (Figure 30).

With further reference to Figure 30, each row of letters corresponds to an expected distance of 5 arc minutes on a standard healthy retina. The line width of each letter is designed to be 1 arc minute. The expected resolution of a healthy human eye is between 30 arc seconds and 1 arc minute. Snellen tables typically use 20-fraction notation (also known as Snellen notation), where 20/20 is normal vision, that is, what a person with normal vision would see at 20 feet. Similarly, for example 20/50 is what a person with vision problems sees at 20 feet is equivalent to what a person with normal vision sees at 50 feet. In this case, the size of the letters in the row would correspond to the size of 5 arc minutes at 50 feet. Additionally, notation includes a metric version, which is 6 base fractions and represents 6 meters instead of 20 feet; logMAR notation is the base 10 logarithm of the minimum angular resolution (MAR), which corresponds to the actual angular entity of the symbol on the table.

Snellen tables have significant disadvantages due to their inherent design.

Each line has a different number of letters, making scoring irregular.

Letters come in a variety of readability (for example, D, C, O are easier to read than A, J, L).

The distance between letters is not standardized and can lead to crowding (the interaction of the outlines between letters making them harder to read).

Lack of font standardization - different manufacturers can use different fonts for tables.

Referring to Figure 31, some alternative methods have been developed, including the ETDRS Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study, which is currently used as the gold standard by the FDA and has shown higher accuracy in many studies. However, caution should be used when comparing ETDRS and Snellen results, as the results indicate that ETDRS improves VA by 0.2 logMAR and even higher for lower visual acuity.

Referring to Figures 32A and 32B, the Landolt C (Figure 32A) test and the illiterate/tumbling E (Figure 32B) test form standardized forms of VA testing.

Any of these tests can be used in the equipment previously proposed for VA testing. In an embodiment of the invention, the user is presented with a reduced size of the tumbled E and asked to indicate in which direction the open end of the letter faces, for example, by swiping in that direction on the smartphone screen or by using a device with Separate controller with appropriate buttons for instructions. Another form of instruction could include speech recognition, where the application obtains input by deciphering the user's spoken responses. In this type of input, assuming it is reliable enough, it can be used more accurately as the patient reads the letters shown on the monitor. Routine VA testing.

contrast sensitivity

Contrast sensitivity is an individual's ability to distinguish between light and dark colors. Contrast sensitivity is a very important measure of visual function and represents the performance of a human area under various conditions (e.g., low light, fog, glare) The ability to separate objects at night is a prominent example where contrast sensitivity is an important metric. Even if a person has 20/20 vision, their eyes or health conditions may reduce their contrast sensitivity and make your vision feel poor. Low contrast sensitivity is suggestive of various eye diseases such as cataracts and retinopathy related to macular pigment optical density (MPOD).

The contrast sensitivity test measures your ability to distinguish progressive increments of light from dark (contrast). The most common contrast sensitivity test utilized is the Pelli-Robson table (Figure 33). Similar to the VA test, subjects are asked to read letters in a table, where different rows correspond to increasingly lower contrast.

This test can also be performed using Landot C or Tumble E (Figures 34A and 35B)

An example embodiment can present the letter to the user once (once for the left eye, once for the right eye, and once for both eyes) and then the user will be asked to indicate the direction of the open end of the letter. The letters will then be displayed with reduced contrast. Embodiments of the present invention have the advantage of optimizing lighting conditions because these conditions are controlled by the display.

Referring to Figure 35, performing a more rigorous test of contrast sensitivity also depends on the spatial frequency of the stimuli presented. An example of such a test is the sine-wave grating test, in Figure 35 the subject is presented with a set of gratings with different spatial frequencies and different contrasts.

Referring to Figure 36, the subject is then asked, for example, to indicate the direction of the grating, which can be combined with a blank image for further instructions, and then the test results are plotted as a contrast frequency plot.

color vision

Referring to Figures 37A through 37C, as the name suggests, the color vision test measures an individual's ability to see and distinguish colors. The most commonly used color vision test is the Ishihara plate test. In this test, differently colored digits consist of circles drawn within other circles of a background color, which are colored differently to create various contrasts (mainly red and green, but other combinations are available), and between each test The brightness and contrast of the circles are also varied to allow for fine-tuning of the test. Figures 37A-C show some examples of the Ithihara Color Vision Test.

Various types of color blindness can be tested by changing the color of the letters and the color of the background. Deeper analysis can also include color saturation and contrast. Embodiments of the invention have the advantage of optimal lighting conditions and precise color definition, controlled by a display.

FV

Referring to Figures 38A and 39B, an example of a FoV test is based on an automated visual field inspection test that requires the FoV used by the device to be very large (>120deg, or even >180deg). This field of view is based on an understanding of the user's field of view, as described in Figures 38A and 38B.

A proposed embodiment of the design of the present invention is shown in Figure 39A.

Another embodiment proposed by the invention is an optical device based on Figure 27, in which a lens is added between the screen and the first lens or between the eye and the second lens (as shown in Figures 39B and 39C). The final field of view for this example could be 120 degrees.

Referring to Figure 40, an embodiment of the test routine of the present invention is presented. The test itself is very simple: a stimulus in the form of an illuminated symbol is presented at different locations in the user's FoV, and the user is asked to indicate whether the symbol can be seen. The symbol can be of different shapes, sizes, colors and brightness. Test properties should be considered, in addition to the symbol itself, including contrast with the background, stimulus frequency and duration.

Another embodiment proposed by the present invention includes the optical system of Figure 27, which has a relatively limited field of view. The test is then constructed to perform a segmented test of the user's field of view. This is accomplished by executing the procedure in Figure 40 for fixation points at different locations on the screen, effectively tripling the field of view measurement in any direction.

Referring to Figure 41, the field of view defect at the FoV measurement center of another embodiment is an Amsler Grid (as shown in Figure 40). In this test, the user focuses each eye individually on a point in the middle of the grid and points out any distorted, faded, or partially missing lines around it.

Depth perception (stereoscopic vision)

The simplest form of this test is the presentation of four similar symbols in a diamond configuration (as shown in Figure 42).

One of the images is rendered with a different depth than the other three images (using the method proposed above for 3D vision). The user will then be asked to indicate which image is closer. Multiple sets will be repeated with different distance contrasts between shapes (for example, different angular parallax between 30arcsec and 1200arcsec).

Referring to Figure 43, another form of depth perception test is the random dot test, in which an image of random dots with features that can be detected using stereovision is presented to the user (example showing an H shape in Figure 43). The test can be designed to include Landolt C or Tumble E, and the user can then be asked to indicate the direction of a given cue. Other tests can also be implemented, including, for example, the Titmus Stereoscopic Vision Test.

frequency measurement

This test allows indication of underlying neurological damage (including, for example, early glaucoma) and other visual impairments.

In this example of the test, the user is presented with two bars, which flash at different frequencies, and asked to indicate how many bars they see. At certain frequencies, users with visual and neurological problems may not see the lines, or see four instead of two.

The above detailed description of embodiments of the invention is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the form disclosed above. While specific embodiments and examples of the invention are described above for illustrative purposes only, various equivalent modifications are possible within the scope of the invention, as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize. For example, although steps are presented in a given order, alternative embodiments may perform the steps in a different order. The inventions provided herein may be applied to other systems, not just those described herein. The various embodiments described herein may be combined to provide further embodiments, and these and other changes may be made to the invention in light of the detailed description herein.

All of the above references, as well as US patents and applications, are incorporated herein by reference. If necessary, aspects of the invention can be modified to employ the systems, functions, and concepts of the various patents and applications discussed above to provide further embodiments of the invention.

These and other changes may be made to the invention in light of the above detailed description, and generally speaking, the terms used in the following claims should not be construed to limit the invention to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification, unless the above description expressly defines these terms. . Accordingly, the true scope of the invention encompasses the disclosed embodiments and all equivalent ways of practicing or carrying out the invention within the scope of the claims.

While certain aspects of the invention are presented below in certain claim forms, the inventors contemplate the invention in any number of claim forms.

245:Cylinder cover

247:hook

250: Lens barrel

255:hole

260:Front cover

265:Micro suction tape

320: first lens

360: Second lens or spherical convex lens

Claims (18)

A system for presenting visual images using an optical system, which includes: a) a housing (200); b) the housing contains a pair of lens barrels (250); c) each of the lens barrels is respectively connected to a second lens (250). 360) Visual communication; d) Each first lens (320) is visually connected with one of the second lenses (360), and the first lens includes a front surface and a back surface; e) A front cover (260) configuration To accommodate the screen of the electronic device (405), the screen of the electronic device is an optical plane of the front surface of the first lens; f) compare the image presented by the lens of the first lens barrel with the lens arrangement of the second lens barrel. ratio to produce a horizontal angle parallax in the image presented to the optical system; wherein, the front surface of the first lens is a structure that selects one of an aspherical front surface and a spherical front surface, wherein the aspherical front surface The surface is adapted to reduce the optical distortion observed by the subject. A system for presenting visual images using an optical system, which includes: a) a housing (200); b) the housing contains a pair of lens barrels (250); c) each of the lens barrels is visually connected to a second lens Communicated, the second lens includes a deformable lens system that allows refractive correction; the second lens is disposed adjacent to the optical system; d) each first lens is visually connected to the second lens, and the first lens The lens includes a front surface, and the first lens includes a back surface; and e) The front cover (260) is configured to accommodate the screen (405) of the electronic device, so that the screen of the electronic device is an optical plane of the front surface of the first lens; wherein the front surface of the first lens is the front surface of the selected aspherical surface , and a structure of one of a spherical front surface, wherein the aspherical front surface is adapted to reduce optical distortion observed by the subject. The system of claim 2, wherein the second lens includes a liquid lens. The system of claim 2, wherein the second lens is a zoom lens that complies with the Stokes equation for controlling cylinder and cylinder adjustment. The system of claim 2, wherein the second lens is an elastically deformable lens. The system of claim 1, wherein a field of view adjustment lens is disposed between the first lens and the screen of the electronic device. The system of claim 1, wherein a field of view adjustment lens is provided between the second lens and the optical system. The system according to claim 6 can be used to test the field of view of an optical system. The system of claim 1, wherein the screen includes a liquid crystal display built into the front cover. The system of claim 1, having an object plane disposed adjacent to the first lens, the object plane being selected from the group consisting of a liquid crystal display, an organic light emitting diode array and/or a light emitting diode. Polar body array. The system of claim 1, wherein a test pattern is presented to the optical system, the test pattern can be rotated and presented in decreasing sizes. The system of claim 1, wherein a color vision test chart is provided in the optical plane of the front surface of the first lens. The system of claim 1, wherein a contrast sensitivity map is provided in the optical plane of the front surface of the first lens. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a fixation point is set on the Amsler grid to measure the field of view of the optical system. The system of claim 1, wherein the lens system including the first lens (320) and the second lens (360) is suitable for testing of a field of view, and the test can be selected from the following group: adversarial viewing Field test (visual field test), static automatic visual field test and dynamic visual field test. The system of claim 1, wherein different images are set in the optical plane of the first lens barrel and the second lens barrel to test the depth perception of the optical system. The system of claim 1, which presents a plurality of symbols to the optical plane of the first lens barrel and the second lens barrel, each symbol flashing at a different frequency. A method of presenting visual images using an optical system, the steps of which include: a) using a housing (200); the housing contains a pair of lens barrels (250); b) arranging each of the lens barrels to be connected to a second lens (360) Visual communication; c) Set each first lens (320) to be visually connected with one of the second lenses, and the first lens includes a front surface and a back surface; d) Set a front cover (260) To accommodate the screen of the electronic device (405), so that the screen of the electronic device is the optical plane of the front surface of the first lens; e) the image presented by arranging the lens of the first lens barrel and the lens of the second lens barrel. Comparing the image to produce a horizontal angular parallax in the image presented to the optical system; Wherein, the front surface of the first lens has a structure of one of an aspherical front surface and a spherical front surface, wherein the aspherical front surface is suitable for reducing optical distortion observed by the subject.