TWI764130B - Welding system and welding parameter optimization method - Google Patents

Welding system and welding parameter optimization method

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TWI764130B
TWI764130B TW109112366A TW109112366A TWI764130B TW I764130 B TWI764130 B TW I764130B TW 109112366 A TW109112366 A TW 109112366A TW 109112366 A TW109112366 A TW 109112366A TW I764130 B TWI764130 B TW I764130B
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welding
weldments
welding torch
motion trajectory
torch
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TW109112366A
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Chinese (zh)
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TW202138103A (en
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林其禹
拜達克 阿密特 庫馬爾
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迅智自動化科技股份有限公司
虹朗科技股份有限公司
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Priority to TW109112366A priority Critical patent/TWI764130B/en
Priority to CN202110384045.3A priority patent/CN113523651A/en
Publication of TW202138103A publication Critical patent/TW202138103A/en
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Publication of TWI764130B publication Critical patent/TWI764130B/en

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/02Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element
    • B23K37/0252Steering means

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  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Arc Welding Control (AREA)

Abstract

A welding system and a welding parameter optimization method are provided. In the method, the structural size of two or more weldments and the geometric shape of the connected portions thereof in a digital three-dimensional model are determined, the motion trace and welding parameter of the welder are determined according to the structural size of the weldments and the geometric shape of the connected portions thereof, and corresponding relation between the motion trace and the welding parameter is planned. The digital three-dimensional model corresponds to an actual object. The motion trace is related to the movement path of the welder, and the welding parameter is related to at least one of the electronical characteristics and moving speed. The corresponding relation is used for controlling the welder to operate on the actual object. Accordingly, welding quality may be improved.

Description

焊接系統及焊接參數優化方法Welding system and welding parameter optimization method

本發明是有關於一種焊接技術,且特別是有關於一種焊接系統及焊接參數優化方法。The present invention relates to a welding technology, and more particularly, to a welding system and a method for optimizing welding parameters.

焊接是廣泛應用的工藝及技術,並可能應用在製造諸如汽車、腳踏車、運動器材、機械結構、器具或家具等多種產品。值得注意的是,現今焊接操作相當仰賴操作者的經驗。經驗不足的操作者可能造成焊件毀損或是連接不夠牢固等缺陷。事實上,焊接操作有許多變因,且這些變因可能會影響成品的優劣。例如,待焊接成為一個物件的兩種物件的厚度可能不同,且任一個焊接點的兩種相鄰物件所形成的夾角在不同處也可能不同。因此,每一個焊接點可能因為相鄰物件的厚度不同且兩個物件形成的夾角也不同,所以如果焊槍移動速度事先知道的情況下,所對應到該焊接點的焊接優化參數(例如,焊槍設備的電壓和電流)也會不同。如果焊槍的電壓和電流設定值不佳,焊接時兩個相鄰物件的熱熔效果便會降低。此現象不是待焊區域溫度不足導致焊接效果變差,便是溫度過熱而讓待焊區域物件過度融化,且同樣造成物件結構破壞。然而,大部分手動焊接操作者通常都會選擇單一焊槍移動速度,並在整個焊接軌跡上選擇使用一組相同的焊接參數(例如,電流和電壓)進行焊接。因為採用手動焊接,使用者也無法隨不同焊接點即時進行改變電壓和電流的操作。Welding is a widely used process and technique and may be used to manufacture a variety of products such as automobiles, bicycles, sports equipment, mechanical structures, appliances or furniture. It is worth noting that today's welding operations are very dependent on operator experience. Inexperienced operators may cause defects such as damaged weldments or weak connections. In fact, there are many variables in the welding operation, and these variables can affect the quality of the finished product. For example, the thicknesses of the two objects to be welded into one object may be different, and the angle formed by the two adjacent objects at any welding point may also be different at different places. Therefore, each welding point may have different thicknesses of adjacent objects and different angles formed by the two objects. Therefore, if the moving speed of the welding torch is known in advance, the welding optimization parameters corresponding to the welding point (for example, the welding torch equipment voltage and current) will also be different. If the voltage and current settings of the welding gun are not good, the heat fusion effect of two adjacent objects during welding will be reduced. This phenomenon is not due to insufficient temperature in the area to be welded, which leads to poor welding effect, or overheating, which causes the object to be welded in the area to be excessively melted, and also causes structural damage to the object. However, most manual welding operators typically choose a single torch travel speed and choose to weld with the same set of welding parameters (eg, current and voltage) throughout the welding trajectory. Because manual welding is used, the user cannot instantly change the voltage and current with different welding points.

此外,使用機器手臂執行焊接是產業的趨勢,且許多軟體可以自動產生機器手臂進行焊接所需的軌跡。然而,在無法知道焊接軌跡上每一個焊接點所相鄰的物件厚度和兩個相鄰物件所形成的角度的前提下,無法將每一個焊接點所對應的優化焊接參數(例如,電壓和電流)與焊接軌跡相關聯。因此,既使軟體產生機器手臂的焊接軌跡,但是焊槍的參數設定也只能依經驗手動設定成相同一組或少數的不同組,而無法針對每一個焊接點,根據相臨物件的實際厚度和相臨物件形成的角度選定一個對應的優化參數組合。如此,焊接的效果無法優化,焊接後結構的機械強度理論上變差,更難以提升。In addition, the use of robotic arms to perform welding is an industry trend, and many software can automatically generate the trajectories required for robotic arms to perform welding. However, under the premise of not knowing the thickness of the object adjacent to each welding point on the welding track and the angle formed by the two adjacent objects, it is impossible to optimize the welding parameters (for example, voltage and current) corresponding to each welding point. ) is associated with the welding track. Therefore, even if the software generates the welding track of the robot arm, the parameter setting of the welding gun can only be manually set to the same group or a few different groups based on experience, and it is impossible for each welding point to be based on the actual thickness and thickness of the adjacent objects. Select a corresponding optimization parameter combination for the angle formed by the adjacent objects. In this way, the effect of welding cannot be optimized, and the mechanical strength of the structure after welding is theoretically deteriorated, making it more difficult to improve.

有鑑於此,本發明實施例提供一種焊接系統及焊接參數優化方法,分析出適於各待焊軌跡線的優化焊接參數組合,並藉以提升焊接品質。In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a welding system and a welding parameter optimization method, which analyzes an optimized welding parameter combination suitable for each track line to be welded, and thereby improves welding quality.

本發明實施例的焊接參數優化方法包括(但不僅限於)下列步驟:決定數位立體模型中的兩個或更多個焊件(待焊接成一個結構的物件)的結構尺寸及其相連接處(對應到一條或更多條待焊軌跡線)的幾何形狀,依據這些待焊軌跡線決定攜帶焊槍的機器手臂和/或夾持待焊物件的機器手臂或運動平台的運動軌跡,並規劃在不同運動軌跡點上所對應的焊接參數。此數位立體模型對應於真實物件。運動軌跡相關於攜帶焊槍的機器手臂的移動路徑、以及攜帶待焊物件的機器手臂或運動平台的移動軌跡,且焊接參數相關於電力特性及移動速度中的至少一者。此對應關係用於控制焊槍操作於真實物件。The welding parameter optimization method according to the embodiment of the present invention includes (but is not limited to) the following steps: determining the structural dimensions of two or more weldments (objects to be welded into a structure) in the digital three-dimensional model and their joints ( Corresponding to the geometry of one or more trajectories to be welded), the motion trajectories of the robot arm carrying the welding torch and/or the robot arm or the motion platform holding the object to be welded are determined according to these trajectories to be welded, and are planned in different The welding parameters corresponding to the motion track points. This digital diorama corresponds to the real object. The motion trajectory is related to the movement path of the robot arm carrying the welding gun and the movement trajectory of the robot arm or the motion platform carrying the object to be welded, and the welding parameters are related to at least one of power characteristics and movement speed. This correspondence is used to control the operation of the welding torch on the real object.

本發明實施例的焊接系統包括(但不僅限於)焊槍、焊槍控制器及控制裝置。焊槍用以焊接。焊槍控制器耦接焊槍,並用以控制焊槍操作。控制裝置耦接焊槍控制器,並用以決定數位立體模型中的兩個或更多個焊件的結構尺寸及其相連接處的幾何形狀,依據這些焊件的結構尺寸及其相連接幾何形狀決定焊槍的運動軌跡及焊接參數,並規劃運動軌跡及焊接參數的對應關係。此數位立體模型對應於真實物件。運動軌跡相關於焊槍的移動路徑,且焊接參數相關於電力特性及移動速度中的至少一者。此對應關係用於控制焊槍操作於真實物件。The welding system of the embodiment of the present invention includes (but is not limited to) a welding torch, a welding torch controller and a control device. Welding torches are used for welding. The welding torch controller is coupled to the welding torch and used to control the operation of the welding torch. The control device is coupled to the welding torch controller, and is used to determine the structural dimensions of two or more weldments in the digital three-dimensional model and the geometrical shapes of their joints, which are determined according to the structural dimensions of these weldments and their connecting geometrical shapes The motion trajectory and welding parameters of the welding torch, and the corresponding relationship between the motion trajectory and the welding parameters are planned. This digital diorama corresponds to the real object. The motion trajectory is related to the moving path of the welding gun, and the welding parameter is related to at least one of power characteristics and moving speed. This correspondence is used to control the operation of the welding torch on the real object.

基於上述,本發明實施例的焊接系統及焊接參數優化方法,分析對應於真實物件的數位立體模型的結構形狀,並據以得出各待焊軌跡線合適的焊接參數。接著,將這些焊接參數與焊槍的運動軌跡一對一相關聯,使焊接參數在焊槍運作且移動的過程中能被切換。藉此,可快速得出對應於不同待焊點的焊接參數,不僅提升效率,更能改善焊接品質。Based on the above, the welding system and the welding parameter optimization method according to the embodiment of the present invention analyze the structure and shape of the digital three-dimensional model corresponding to the real object, and obtain suitable welding parameters for each trajectory to be welded accordingly. Then, these welding parameters are associated with the motion trajectory of the welding gun one-to-one, so that the welding parameters can be switched during the operation and movement of the welding gun. In this way, welding parameters corresponding to different joints to be welded can be quickly obtained, which not only improves the efficiency, but also improves the welding quality.

為讓本發明的上述特徵和優點能更明顯易懂,下文特舉實施例,並配合所附圖式作詳細說明如下。In order to make the above-mentioned features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the following embodiments are given and described in detail with the accompanying drawings as follows.

圖1是依據本發明的一實施例的焊接系統100的元件方塊圖。請參照圖     1,焊接系統100包括(但不僅限於)焊槍10、焊槍控制器30、移動機構50、及控制裝置70。FIG. 1 is a block diagram of components of a welding system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1, the welding system 100 includes (but is not limited to) a welding torch 10, a welding torch controller 30, a moving mechanism 50, and a control device 70.

焊槍10可以是使用電弧、雷射、或電子束等能量來源,並用以進行焊接作業。The welding torch 10 may use an energy source such as arc, laser, or electron beam, and is used for welding operation.

焊槍控制器30耦接焊槍10,並用以控制焊槍10操作。在一實施例中,焊槍控制器30控制供應焊槍10能量的電力特性。電力特性可以是電壓、電流或其組合。例如,在電弧焊過程中,供應給焊槍10的電壓決定電弧的長度,且輸入的電流決定輸出的熱量。The welding torch controller 30 is coupled to the welding torch 10 and used to control the operation of the welding torch 10 . In one embodiment, the welding gun controller 30 controls the electrical characteristics of the power supplied to the welding gun 10 . The power characteristic can be voltage, current, or a combination thereof. For example, in an arc welding process, the voltage supplied to the torch 10 determines the length of the arc, and the current input determines the heat output.

移動機構50用以供真實物件5(即,待焊接的物件;例如,腳踏車、汽車、機械結構、器具或家具的零件)及/或焊槍10放置。例如,移動機構50夾持、抵頂、或支撐真實物件5或焊槍10。移動機構50可以是一組或更多組多軸機械手臂、多自由度機構、高度調整台、滑軌、轉台、螺桿、馬達、或汽缸等各類型可驅動連接元件移動或旋轉的機械構件或其組合,以帶動放置於其上的真實物件5及/或焊槍10升降、移動及/或旋轉。The movement mechanism 50 is used for the placement of the real object 5 (ie, the object to be welded; for example, a bicycle, automobile, mechanical structure, appliance or furniture part) and/or the welding torch 10 . For example, the moving mechanism 50 grips, abuts, or supports the real object 5 or the welding torch 10 . The moving mechanism 50 may be one or more groups of multi-axis robotic arms, multi-degree-of-freedom mechanisms, height adjustment tables, slide rails, turntables, screws, motors, or cylinders and other types of mechanical components that can drive the connecting elements to move or rotate. The combination thereof can drive the real object 5 and/or the welding torch 10 placed thereon to lift, move and/or rotate.

控制裝置70有線或無線地耦接焊槍控制器30及移動機構50,控制裝置70並可以是桌上型電腦、智慧型手機、平板電腦、工作站、主機等裝置。控制裝置70包括(但不僅限於)儲存器71及處理器73。The control device 70 is wired or wirelessly coupled to the welding torch controller 30 and the moving mechanism 50, and the control device 70 may be a desktop computer, a smart phone, a tablet computer, a workstation, a host computer, or the like. The control device 70 includes (but is not limited to) a storage 71 and a processor 73 .

儲存器71可以是任何型態的固定或可移動隨機存取記憶體(Radom Access Memory,RAM)、唯讀記憶體(Read Only Memory,ROM)、快閃記憶體(flash memory)、傳統硬碟(Hard Disk Drive,HDD)、固態硬碟(Solid-State Drive,SSD)或類似元件,並用以記錄程式碼、軟體模組、對應於真實物件5的數位立體模型7、運動軌跡、焊接參數、其對應關係、焊槍控制器30及移動機構50的驅動程式、及其他資料或檔案,其詳細內容待後續實施例詳述。The storage 71 can be any type of fixed or removable random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), flash memory, conventional hard disks (Hard Disk Drive, HDD), Solid-State Drive (SSD) or similar components, and used to record code, software modules, digital three-dimensional models 7 corresponding to real objects 5, motion trajectories, welding parameters, The corresponding relationship, the driver program of the welding torch controller 30 and the moving mechanism 50 , and other data or files will be described in detail in subsequent embodiments.

處理器73可以是中央處理單元(Central Processing Unit,CPU)、圖形處理單元(Graphic Processing Unit,GPU)、微控制單元(Micro Control Unit,MCU)、或特殊應用積體電路(Application-Specific Integrated Circuit,ASIC)等運算單元,並用以執行控制裝置70的所有運作。例如,產生並傳送控制指令至焊槍控制器30或移動機構50,以控制焊槍控制器30或移動機構50的協同運作或動作,其詳細運作待後續實施例詳述。The processor 73 may be a Central Processing Unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), a Graphic Processing Unit (Graphic Processing Unit, GPU), a Micro Control Unit (Micro Control Unit, MCU), or an Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit). , ASIC) and other arithmetic units, and are used to perform all operations of the control device 70 . For example, a control command is generated and transmitted to the welding gun controller 30 or the moving mechanism 50 to control the cooperative operation or action of the welding gun controller 30 or the moving mechanism 50 , the detailed operation of which will be described in detail in subsequent embodiments.

在一些實施例中,控制裝置70可更包括諸如液晶顯示器(Liquid Crystal Display,LCD)、發光二極體(Light-Emitting Diode,LED)顯示器、或有機發光二極體(Organic Light-Emitting Diode,OLED)顯示器等顯示器,並用以提供使用者介面。使用者介面可呈現數位立體模型7、焊槍10的焊接參數、運動軌跡及/或使用者輸入欄位。In some embodiments, the control device 70 may further include, for example, a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), a Light-Emitting Diode (LED) display, or an Organic Light-Emitting Diode (Organic Light-Emitting Diode, OLED) display and other displays, and used to provide user interface. The user interface can present the digital three-dimensional model 7 , welding parameters of the welding torch 10 , motion trajectories and/or user input fields.

此外,在一些實施例中,焊槍10、焊槍控制器30、移動機構50、及控制裝置70中的至少兩者可能整合成一體或分別為獨立裝置。Furthermore, in some embodiments, at least two of the welding gun 10, the welding gun controller 30, the moving mechanism 50, and the control device 70 may be integrated into one body or be separate devices.

為了方便理解本發明實施例的操作流程,以下將舉諸多實施例詳細說明本發明實施例中針對焊接系統100的運作流程。下文中,將搭配焊接系統100中的各項裝置、元件及模組說明本發明實施例所述之方法。本方法的各個流程可依照實施情形而隨之調整,且並不僅限於此。In order to facilitate the understanding of the operation process of the embodiment of the present invention, the following will describe in detail the operation process of the welding system 100 in the embodiment of the present invention by referring to various embodiments. Hereinafter, the method according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in conjunction with various devices, components and modules in the welding system 100 . Each process of the method can be adjusted according to the implementation situation, and is not limited to this.

圖2是依據本發明的一實施例的焊接參數優化方法的流程圖。請參照圖2,控制裝置70的處理器73決定數位立體模型7中的兩個以上焊件的結構尺寸及其一個或更多個相連接處的幾何形狀(步驟S210)。具體而言,數位立體模型7是對應於真實物件5的立體圖資料(例如,由影像、物件、CAD資料或點雲資料所形成的立體物件)。即,數位立體模型7與真實物件5的形狀外觀相同或相似。FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a welding parameter optimization method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 2 , the processor 73 of the control device 70 determines the structural dimensions of two or more weldments in the digital three-dimensional model 7 and the geometry of one or more joints (step S210 ). Specifically, the digital three-dimensional model 7 is a three-dimensional image data corresponding to the real object 5 (eg, a three-dimensional object formed by images, objects, CAD data or point cloud data). That is, the digital three-dimensional model 7 and the real object 5 have the same or similar shape and appearance.

舉例而言,請參照圖3是一範例說明數位立體模型7。數位立體模型7是腳踏車骨架的一部份(即,真實物件5是腳踏車骨架)。數位立體模型7中的焊件t1、t2、t3、t4代表在腳踏車骨架中即將被焊接的零件(例如,鋁合金桿件)。這些焊件t1、t2、t3、t4兩兩相互連接。其中,相連接處c1形成於焊件t1、t2之間,相連接處c2形成於焊件t2、t4之間,相連接處c3形成於焊件t3、t4之間,且相連接處c4形成於焊件t1、t3之間。焊件t1、t2的相連接處c1代表真實物件5的對應兩零件的所欲連接部位,並據以形成待焊軌跡線。相連接處c2、c3及c4可依此類推。For example, please refer to FIG. 3 to illustrate an example of the digital three-dimensional model 7 . The digital three-dimensional model 7 is part of the bicycle skeleton (ie, the real object 5 is the bicycle skeleton). The weldments t1, t2, t3, t4 in the digital solid model 7 represent the parts (eg, aluminum alloy rods) to be welded in the bicycle frame. These weldments t1, t2, t3, t4 are connected to each other in pairs. The phase connection c1 is formed between the weldments t1 and t2, the phase connection c2 is formed between the weldments t2 and t4, the phase connection c3 is formed between the weldments t3 and t4, and the phase connection c4 is formed between the weldments t1 and t3. The connecting position c1 of the welding parts t1 and t2 represents the desired connecting position of the corresponding two parts of the real object 5 , and accordingly forms the track line to be welded. The connection points c2, c3 and c4 can be deduced by analogy.

在一實施例中,處理器73可根據數位立體模型7,並量測那些焊件的結構尺寸及每兩個焊件或兩個以上焊件之間相連接處的幾何形狀。例如,處理器73可辨識焊件及相連接處,並計算出對應形狀。在另一實施例中,這些結構尺寸及/或幾何形狀也可能是事先定義或設定在規格表並記錄在儲存器71。例如,處理器73可自儲存器71讀取生成數位立體模型7所使用的規格。In one embodiment, the processor 73 can measure the structural dimensions of those weldments and the geometrical shape of the connection between every two weldments or more than two weldments according to the digital three-dimensional model 7 . For example, the processor 73 can identify weldments and joints, and calculate corresponding shapes. In another embodiment, these structural dimensions and/or geometries may also be pre-defined or set in a specification sheet and recorded in the storage 71 . For example, the processor 73 may read the specifications used to generate the digital three-dimensional model 7 from the storage 71 .

需說明的是,在一些實施例中,使用者可在使用者介面上自行挑選特定數量或位置的焊件及其相連接處,且處理器73可判斷受挑選的這些焊件的結構尺寸及對應相連接處的幾何形狀。It should be noted that, in some embodiments, the user can select a specific number or position of weldments and their connection points on the user interface, and the processor 73 can determine the structure size and the size of the selected weldments. Corresponds to the geometry of the connection.

在一實施例中,那些焊件的結構尺寸相關於其厚度。即,真實物件5的零件材質厚度。另一方面,兩焊件的相連接處的幾何形狀相關於兩焊件在待焊接軌跡線上所形成的夾角。舉例而言,請參照圖4A是圖3的局部放大圖(對應到焊件t1、t2之間的相連接處c1)。焊件t1、t2在相連接處c1包括相鄰點np1、np2、np3、np4(即,兩焊件t1、t2的交會處,並據以形成待焊接軌跡線)。請接著參照圖4B是圖4A中數個相鄰點np1、np2、np3、np4對應的夾角θ1、θ2、θ3、θ4。焊件t1、t2在這些相鄰點np1、np2、np3、np4所形成的夾角θ1、θ2、θ3、θ4不同。In one embodiment, the structural dimensions of those weldments are related to their thickness. That is, the thickness of the part material of the real object 5 . On the other hand, the geometry of the connection between the two weldments is related to the included angle formed by the two weldments on the trajectory to be welded. For example, please refer to FIG. 4A , which is a partial enlarged view of FIG. 3 (corresponding to the connection point c1 between the weldments t1 and t2 ). The welding parts t1 and t2 include adjacent points np1 , np2 , np3 and np4 at the phase connection c1 (ie, the intersection of the two welding parts t1 and t2 , and the track to be welded is formed accordingly). Next, please refer to FIG. 4B for the included angles θ1 , θ2 , θ3 , and θ4 corresponding to several adjacent points np1 , np2 , np3 , and np4 in FIG. 4A . The included angles θ1 , θ2 , θ3 and θ4 formed by the weldments t1 and t2 at these adjacent points np1 , np2 , np3 and np4 are different.

須說明的是,圖4A及圖4B僅作為範例說明,在其他實施例中,相鄰點的數量、位置及對應夾角可能不同。It should be noted that FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B are only illustrative, and in other embodiments, the number, position and corresponding angle of adjacent points may be different.

接著,處理器73依據那些焊件的結構尺寸及其相連接處的幾何形狀決定焊槍10的運動軌跡及焊接參數(圖2中步驟S230)。具體而言,針對運動軌跡,運動軌跡相關於焊槍10及/或真實物件5的移動路徑。處理器73可事先規劃移動機構50在特定時間以特定姿態移動至特定位置,或者處理器73可基於查表或AI推論得出焊槍10及/或真實物件5該如何運動,使焊槍10可移動到真實物件5的零件的相連接處的對應位置且可對相連接處焊接。而關於運動過程中焊槍10/或真實物件5的停留位置、移動方向、移動速度及/或姿態即可作為運動軌跡的內容。Next, the processor 73 determines the motion trajectory and welding parameters of the welding torch 10 according to the structural dimensions of the weldments and the geometrical shapes of the joints (step S230 in FIG. 2 ). Specifically, for the motion trajectory, the motion trajectory is related to the movement path of the welding torch 10 and/or the real object 5 . The processor 73 can plan the moving mechanism 50 to move to a specific position with a specific attitude at a specific time in advance, or the processor 73 can infer how the welding gun 10 and/or the real object 5 should move based on a look-up table or AI, so that the welding gun 10 can move. The corresponding position of the connection to the parts of the real object 5 and the connection can be welded. The stop position, moving direction, moving speed and/or attitude of the welding torch 10/or the real object 5 during the movement can be used as the content of the movement track.

另一方面,針對焊接參數,焊接參數相關於焊槍10的電力特性(例如,電壓、電流或其組合)及/或移動速度。值得注意的是,在部分焊接技術手冊中,不同結構尺寸及幾何形狀有對應的優化焊接參數。舉例而言,表(1)是焊槍移動速度在每分鐘30公分的條件下,不同夾角及厚度下優化電流和電壓對應表(其數值僅用於範例說明): 表(1) 厚度 夾角 2公厘 4公厘 6公厘 電流(安培) 電壓(伏特) 電流(安培) 電壓(伏特) 電流(安培) 電壓(伏特) 90° 40~50 12~15 55~60 17~22 70~90 25~27 180° 100~150 22~25 120~180 24~27 175~200 26~28 For welding parameters, on the other hand, the welding parameters are related to electrical characteristics (eg, voltage, current, or a combination thereof) and/or movement speed of the welding torch 10 . It is worth noting that in some welding technical manuals, there are corresponding optimized welding parameters for different structural sizes and geometric shapes. For example, Table (1) is the optimal current and voltage correspondence table for different angles and thicknesses under the condition that the welding torch moving speed is 30 cm per minute (the values are only for example description): Table (1) Thickness angle 2 mm 4 mm 6mm Current (Ampere) Voltage (Volt) Current (Ampere) Voltage (Volt) Current (Ampere) Voltage (Volt) 90° 40~50 12~15 55~60 17~22 70~90 25~27 180° 100~150 22~25 120~180 24~27 175~200 26~28

在一實施例中,焊接技術手冊可記錄在儲存器71。此外,移動速度可供使用者事先選擇或是處理器73自手冊所記錄的移動速度中挑選出任一者。接著,處理器73可查詢焊接技術手冊的對應表,並據以取得那些焊件的厚度及其相連接處所形成的夾角對應的電力特性及移動速度。當實際相連接處所形成的夾角不是剛好90°或180°時,可以使用內插方式來計算適合的電流和電壓數據。當然,相連接處所形成待焊軌跡線的夾角不是剛好90°或180°時,也可以選擇較靠近的角度90°或180°直接當成選用依據。值得一提的是,許多焊接手冊建議使用兩個焊件中較薄的一個厚度當作焊接參數選擇的厚度依據。不過,例如選兩個厚度的平均值或其他計算方法也是可以執行的方式。值得一提的是,焊槍移動速度在不同數值下,不同組合的夾角及厚度也可能形成新的優化電流及電壓對應表。In one embodiment, the welding technical manual may be recorded in the storage 71 . In addition, the moving speed may be preselected by the user or the processor 73 may select any one of the moving speeds recorded in the manual. Next, the processor 73 can query the corresponding table in the welding technical manual, and obtain the electrical characteristics and moving speed corresponding to the thickness of the welding parts and the included angle formed by the joints. When the angle formed by the actual phase connection is not exactly 90° or 180°, interpolation can be used to calculate suitable current and voltage data. Of course, when the included angle of the to-be-welded track lines formed at the connecting places is not exactly 90° or 180°, the closer angle of 90° or 180° can also be directly used as the selection basis. It is worth mentioning that many welding manuals recommend using the thinner of the two weldments as the thickness basis for welding parameter selection. However, for example taking the average of the two thicknesses or other calculation methods can also be performed. It is worth mentioning that, under different values of the moving speed of the welding torch, different combinations of angles and thicknesses may also form a new optimal current and voltage correspondence table.

在另一實施例中,處理器73可將焊接技術手冊中針對結構尺寸、幾何形狀及對應焊接參數的內容作為機器學習的訓練樣本,並據以建立推論器模型。處理器73即可將實際的焊件的結構尺寸及其相連接處的幾何形狀輸入至此推論器模型,以得出對應的電力特性及移動速度。In another embodiment, the processor 73 may use the contents of the welding technical manual for structural dimensions, geometric shapes and corresponding welding parameters as training samples for machine learning, and establish an inferencer model accordingly. The processor 73 can input the actual structural size of the weldment and the geometrical shape of its connection into the inferencer model, so as to obtain the corresponding electrical characteristics and moving speed.

接著,處理器73可規劃運動軌跡及焊接參數的對應關係(圖2中步驟S250)。具體而言,此對應關係是用於控制焊槍10操作於真實物件5所應行經的運動軌跡及所使用的焊接參數。例如,針對不同厚度的焊件,焊槍10在第一位置(假設對應於第一及第二焊件之間的相連接處),焊槍控制器30使用第一電壓及第一電流供應能量給焊槍10,且移動機構50驅動焊槍10以第一速度移動;焊槍10在第二位置(假設對應於第二及第三焊件之間的相連接處),焊槍控制器30使用第二電壓及第二電流供應能量給焊槍10,且移動機構50驅動焊槍10以第二速度移動。Next, the processor 73 may plan the corresponding relationship between the motion trajectory and the welding parameters (step S250 in FIG. 2 ). Specifically, the corresponding relationship is used to control the motion trajectory and the welding parameters used by the welding torch 10 to operate on the real object 5 . For example, for weldments of different thicknesses, with the welding torch 10 in a first position (assumed to correspond to the junction between the first and second weldments), the torch controller 30 supplies energy to the welding torch using a first voltage and a first current 10, and the moving mechanism 50 drives the welding torch 10 to move at the first speed; the welding torch 10 is in the second position (assuming corresponding to the connection between the second and third weldments), the welding torch controller 30 uses the second voltage and the first Two currents supply energy to the welding gun 10, and the moving mechanism 50 drives the welding gun 10 to move at a second speed.

在一實施例中,針對不同夾角的相鄰點,處理器73可分別決定對應於任一待焊軌跡線上的那些相鄰點的焊接操作組合。各焊接操作組合是焊槍10及/或真實物件5的運動軌跡中對應於一個相鄰點的位置與電力特性或移動速度的對應關係。不同相鄰點對應的夾角(數值)可能不同,使不同焊接操作組合中的電力特性或移動速度不同。以圖4A為例,焊接操作組合是,焊槍10在第三位置(假設對應於相鄰點np1),焊槍控制器30使用第三電壓及第三電流供應能量給焊槍10;另一焊接操作組合是,焊槍10在第四位置(假設對應於相鄰點np2),焊槍控制器30使用第四電壓及第四電流供應能量給焊槍10。In one embodiment, for adjacent points with different included angles, the processor 73 can respectively determine the combination of welding operations corresponding to those adjacent points on any trajectory to be welded. Each welding operation combination is the corresponding relationship between the position of the welding torch 10 and/or the real object 5 corresponding to an adjacent point in the motion trajectory and the electric power characteristic or the moving speed. The included angles (values) corresponding to different adjacent points may be different, resulting in different electrical characteristics or moving speeds in different combinations of welding operations. Taking FIG. 4A as an example, the welding operation combination is, the welding torch 10 is in the third position (assuming corresponding to the adjacent point np1), the welding torch controller 30 uses the third voltage and the third current to supply energy to the welding torch 10; another welding operation combination Yes, the welding torch 10 is in the fourth position (assumed to correspond to the adjacent point np2 ), and the welding torch controller 30 supplies energy to the welding torch 10 using the fourth voltage and the fourth current.

在一實施例中,處理器73可將規劃的運動軌跡及對應的焊接參數呈現在使用者介面或輸出到其他外部裝置(例如,智慧型手機、平板電腦、桌上型電腦、或伺服器等)。In one embodiment, the processor 73 can present the planned motion trajectory and the corresponding welding parameters on the user interface or output it to other external devices (for example, a smart phone, a tablet computer, a desktop computer, or a server, etc.) ).

在另一實施例中,處理器73可控制移動機構50依據決定的運動軌跡驅動真實物件5或焊槍10,並產生相關於對應關係的控制指令。而控制指令是,當移動機構50帶動真實物件5或焊槍10至運動軌跡所記錄的特定位置時,焊槍控制器30供電給焊槍10所使用的電力特性。焊槍控制器30即可依據控制指令指示並控制焊槍10依據所在位置對應的電力特性進行焊接,移動機構50並依據決定的移動速度驅動焊槍10沿指定方向移動。In another embodiment, the processor 73 can control the moving mechanism 50 to drive the real object 5 or the welding torch 10 according to the determined motion trajectory, and generate control commands related to the corresponding relationship. The control command is the power characteristic used by the welding torch controller 30 to supply power to the welding torch 10 when the moving mechanism 50 drives the real object 5 or the welding torch 10 to a specific position recorded by the movement track. The welding torch controller 30 can control the welding torch 10 to perform welding according to the electrical characteristics corresponding to the location according to the control instruction, and the moving mechanism 50 drives the welding torch 10 to move in a specified direction according to the determined moving speed.

綜上所述,本發明實施例的焊接系統及焊接參數優化方法,取得真實物件的數位立體模型中的焊件的結構尺寸及其相連接處的幾何形狀,並據以決定焊槍及/或真實物件的運動軌跡及焊槍所使用的焊接參數(例如,電力特性及/或移動速度等)。接著,運動軌跡的各位置將與對應的一組焊接參數相關聯以形成對應關係。而此對應關係將可使焊槍在特定位置對特定相連接處甚至其上的相鄰點使用特定焊接參數進行焊接。藉此,可快速且有效率地得出合適的焊接參數,進而改善焊接品質。To sum up, the welding system and the welding parameter optimization method according to the embodiments of the present invention obtain the structural dimensions of the weldment in the digital three-dimensional model of the real object and the geometrical shape of the joints, and determine the welding torch and/or the real object accordingly. The motion trajectory of the object and the welding parameters used by the welding gun (eg, power characteristics and/or moving speed, etc.). Next, each position of the motion trajectory will be associated with a corresponding set of welding parameters to form a corresponding relationship. This correspondence will allow the welding torch to weld at a specific location with specific welding parameters for a specific phase connection or even an adjacent point on it. In this way, suitable welding parameters can be obtained quickly and efficiently, thereby improving the welding quality.

雖然本發明已以實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者,在不脫離本發明的精神和範圍內,當可作些許的更動與潤飾,故本發明的保護範圍當視後附的申請專利範圍所界定者為準。Although the present invention has been disclosed above by the embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone with ordinary knowledge in the technical field can make some changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, The protection scope of the present invention shall be determined by the scope of the appended patent application.

100:焊接系統 5:真實物件 10:焊槍 30:焊槍控制器 50:移動機構 70:控制裝置 71:儲存器 7:數位立體模型 73:處理器 S210~S250:步驟 t1、t2、t3、t4:焊件 c1、c2、c3、c4:相連接處 np1、np2、np3、np4:相鄰點 θ1、θ2、θ3、θ4:夾角100: Welding System 5: Real Objects 10: Welding gun 30: Welding torch controller 50: Moving Mechanisms 70: Controls 71: Storage 7: Digital diorama 73: Processor S210~S250: Steps t1, t2, t3, t4: Weldments c1, c2, c3, c4: connected np1, np2, np3, np4: adjacent points θ1, θ2, θ3, θ4: included angle

圖1是依據本發明的一實施例的焊接系統的元件方塊圖。 圖2是依據本發明的一實施例的焊接參數優化方法的流程圖。 圖3是一範例說明數位立體模型。 圖4A是圖3的局部放大圖。 圖4B是圖4A中數個相鄰點對應的夾角。FIG. 1 is a block diagram of components of a welding system according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a welding parameter optimization method according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is an exemplary illustration of a digital three-dimensional model. FIG. 4A is a partial enlarged view of FIG. 3 . FIG. 4B is an included angle corresponding to several adjacent points in FIG. 4A .

S210~S250:步驟S210~S250: Steps

Claims (10)

一種焊接參數優化方法,包括:決定一數位立體模型中的至少二焊件的結構尺寸及其相連接處的幾何形狀,其中該數位立體模型對應於一真實物件,一待焊軌跡線是由二該焊件的相連接處所形成,該二焊件的該相連接處的該幾何形狀相關於該二焊件在該待焊軌跡線上所形成的夾角,該相連接處包括至少二相鄰點,且該二焊件在該至少二相鄰點所形成的至少二夾角不同;依據該至少二焊件的該結構尺寸及該相連接處的該幾何形狀決定一焊槍的運動軌跡及焊接參數,其中該運動軌跡相關於該焊槍的移動路徑,且該焊接參數相關於該焊槍的一電力特性及一移動速度中的至少一者;以及規劃該運動軌跡及該焊接參數的一對應關係,其中該對應關係用於控制該焊槍操作於該真實物件。 A method for optimizing welding parameters, comprising: determining the structural dimensions of at least two weldments in a digital three-dimensional model and the geometric shapes of their joints, wherein the digital three-dimensional model corresponds to a real object, and a to-be-welded track line is composed of two The phase connection of the weldment is formed, the geometric shape of the phase connection of the two weldments is related to the angle formed by the two weldments on the track to be welded, and the phase connection includes at least two adjacent points, And the at least two included angles formed by the two weldments at the at least two adjacent points are different; according to the structural dimension of the at least two weldments and the geometric shape of the connection place, the motion trajectory and welding parameters of a welding torch are determined, wherein The motion trajectory is related to the moving path of the welding torch, and the welding parameter is related to at least one of an electric power characteristic and a moving speed of the welding gun; and a corresponding relationship between the motion trajectory and the welding parameter is planned, wherein the corresponding The relationship is used to control the operation of the welding gun on the real object. 如請求項1所述的焊接參數優化方法,其中該二焊件的該結構尺寸相關於其厚度,且依據該至少二焊件的該結構尺寸及其相連接處的該幾何形狀決定該焊槍的運動軌跡及焊接參數包括:取得該二焊件的厚度及其相連接處所形成的夾角對應的該電力特性及該移動速度。 The welding parameter optimization method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the structural dimensions of the two weldments are related to their thicknesses, and the welding torch is determined according to the structural dimensions of the at least two weldments and the geometrical shape of the joints. The motion trajectory and welding parameters include: obtaining the electrical characteristics and the moving speed corresponding to the thicknesses of the two weldments and the included angle formed by the connection. 如請求項2所述的焊接參數優化方法,其中該電力特性是電壓或電流中的至少一者。 The welding parameter optimization method of claim 2, wherein the electrical characteristic is at least one of voltage or current. 如請求項2所述的焊接參數優化方法,其中規劃該運動軌跡及該焊接參數的該對應關係的步驟包括:分別決定對應於該至少二相鄰點的焊接操作組合,其中每一該焊接操作組合是該運動軌跡中對應於一該相鄰點的位置與該電力特性或該移動速度的該對應關係,且不同該焊接操作組合中的該電力特性或該移動速度不同。 The welding parameter optimization method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the step of planning the corresponding relationship between the motion trajectory and the welding parameter comprises: respectively determining a combination of welding operations corresponding to the at least two adjacent points, wherein each welding operation The combination is the corresponding relationship between the position corresponding to an adjacent point in the motion trajectory and the electrical characteristic or the moving speed, and the electrical characteristic or the moving speed in different welding operation combinations are different. 如請求項1所述的焊接參數優化方法,其中規劃該運動軌跡及該焊接參數的該對應關係的步驟之後,更包括:產生相關於該對應關係的控制指令,其中該控制指令用以指示該焊槍依據所在位置對應的該電力特性進行焊接。 The welding parameter optimization method according to claim 1, wherein after the step of planning the corresponding relationship between the motion trajectory and the welding parameter, the method further comprises: generating a control command related to the corresponding relationship, wherein the control command is used to instruct the The welding torch performs welding according to the electrical characteristics corresponding to its location. 一種焊接系統,包括:一焊槍,用以焊接;一焊槍控制器,耦接該焊槍,並用以控制該焊槍操作;以及一控制裝置,耦接該焊槍控制器,並用以:決定一數位立體模型中的至少二焊件的結構尺寸及其相連接處的幾何形狀,其中該數位立體模型對應於一真實物件,一待焊軌跡線是由二該焊件的相連接處所形成,該二焊件的該相連接處的該幾何形狀相關於該二焊件在該待焊軌跡線上所形成的夾角,該相連接處包括至少二相鄰點,且該二焊件在該至少二相鄰點所形成的至少二夾角不同;依據該至少二焊件的該結構尺寸及該相連接處的該幾何形狀決定該焊槍的運動軌跡及焊接參數,其中該運動軌跡相關於 該焊槍的移動路徑,且該焊接參數相關於該焊槍的一電力特性及一移動速度中的至少一者;以及規劃該運動軌跡及該焊接參數的一對應關係,其中該對應關係用於控制該焊槍操作於該真實物件。 A welding system includes: a welding torch for welding; a welding torch controller, coupled to the welding torch, and used to control the operation of the welding torch; and a control device, coupled to the welding torch controller, and used to: determine a digital three-dimensional model The structural dimensions of at least two weldments and the geometric shapes of their joints, wherein the digital three-dimensional model corresponds to a real object, and a track line to be welded is formed by the joints of the two weldments, and the two weldments The geometric shape of the phase connection is related to the angle formed by the two weldments on the track to be welded, the phase connection includes at least two adjacent points, and the two weldments are at the at least two adjacent points. The formed at least two included angles are different; the motion trajectory and welding parameters of the welding torch are determined according to the structural size of the at least two weldments and the geometric shape of the joint, wherein the motion trajectory is related to The moving path of the welding torch, and the welding parameter is related to at least one of a power characteristic and a moving speed of the welding torch; and a corresponding relationship between the moving trajectory and the welding parameter is planned, wherein the corresponding relationship is used to control the The welding gun operates on this real object. 如請求項6所述的焊接系統,其中該二焊件的該結構尺寸相關於其厚度,且該控制裝置更用以取得該二焊件的厚度及其相連接處所形成的夾角對應的該電力特性及該移動速度。 The welding system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the structural dimension of the two weldments is related to the thickness thereof, and the control device is further configured to obtain the power corresponding to the thicknesses of the two weldments and the included angle formed by the connection between the two weldments characteristics and this movement speed. 如請求項7所述的焊接系統,其中該電力特性是電壓或電流中的至少一者。 The welding system of claim 7, wherein the electrical characteristic is at least one of voltage or current. 如請求項7所述的焊接系統,其中該控制裝置更用以分別決定對應於該至少二相鄰點的焊接操作組合,其中每一該焊接操作組合是該運動軌跡中對應於一該相鄰點的位置與該電力特性或該移動速度的該對應關係,且不同該焊接操作組合中的該電力特性或該移動速度不同。 The welding system according to claim 7, wherein the control device is further configured to respectively determine welding operation combinations corresponding to the at least two adjacent points, wherein each welding operation combination is a corresponding one of the adjacent points in the motion trajectory. The correspondence between the position of the point and the power characteristic or the moving speed, and the power characteristic or the moving speed is different in different combinations of the welding operations. 如請求項6所述的焊接系統,更包括:一移動機構,耦接該控制裝置,並供該真實物件或該焊槍放置,其中該控制裝置控制該移動機構依據該運動軌跡驅動該真實物件或該焊槍,並產生相關於該對應關係的控制指令,其中該焊槍控制器依據該控制指令控制該焊槍依據所在位置對應的該電力特性進行焊接。 The welding system according to claim 6, further comprising: a moving mechanism coupled to the control device for placing the real object or the welding torch, wherein the control device controls the moving mechanism to drive the real object or the welding gun according to the motion trajectory The welding torch generates a control command related to the corresponding relationship, wherein the welding torch controller controls the welding torch to perform welding according to the electric power characteristic corresponding to the location according to the control command.
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