TWI714464B - Water turbine device - Google Patents

Abstract

A water turbine device includes a turbine, and a baffle seat. The turbine includes two rotary members, a rotating shaft connected to the rotary members, and a plurality of blades surrounding the rotating shaft. The baffle seat includes two seating plates disposed on a top side and a bottom side of the turbine, and two baffle plates oppositely disposed outside the turbine. Each of the baffle plates has two sides respectively defining a first plane and a second plane with the rotating shaft. The first and second planes cooperatively define an angle ranging from 50 degree to 75 degree. The first spacing is defined between each of the baffle plates and the rotary members. Each of the rotary members has a diameter of the second spacing. A ratio of the first spacing to the second spacing ranges from 0.04 to 0.08. By virtue of the design of angle and the ratio, a rotational power of the turbine is maintained at the maximum value.

Description

Improvement of water flow turbine device

The invention relates to a turbine device, in particular to a water flow turbine device for a water flow generator.

Hydropower is a kind of renewable energy. It uses flowing water or collision water to drive the blades of the turbine device to rotate, so that the hydraulic kinetic energy is converted into mechanical kinetic energy, and then the generator is driven to generate electricity.

Referring to FIG. 1, a conventional water flow turbine device includes a turbine 1 and a spoiler 2. The turbine 1 includes two discs 11 spaced up and down opposite each other, a rotating shaft 12 connected to the center of the discs 11 and capable of being driven to rotate around its own axis, and several discs are angularly spaced from each other around the rotating shaft 12 Peripheral and connected to the blades 13 between the wheels 11. The baffle seat 2 includes two rotatably seat discs 21 which are respectively arranged up and down outside the turbine 1, and two baffle plates 22 connected between the seat discs 21 and oppositely arranged outside the turbine 1.

When a water flow pushes the blades 13 to cause the turbine 1 to generate a forward torque to rotate, the structure of the baffles 22 can prevent the water flow from generating a forward torque on the blades 13 that consumes the forward torque. Reversing the torque can also concentrate the water flow in the turbine 1, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the water flow turbine device.

However, when the conventional technology is implemented, the shielding range provided by the baffles 22 for the blades 13 may be too large or too small, so that the turbine 1 generates more reverse torque, or causes the water flow to be dispersed. And reduce the forward torque. In addition, if the distance between the baffles 22 and the turbine 1 is too narrow or too wide, the water flow will generate resistance in the turbine 1 or the effect of concentrating the thrust of the water flow in the turbine 1 may not be achieved.

Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide an improved water turbine device that can overcome at least one of the disadvantages of the prior art.

Therefore, the water flow turbine device of the present invention is improved and includes a turbine and a choke seat.

The turbine includes two discs spaced up and down opposite each other, a rotating shaft connected to the center of the discs and capable of being driven to rotate around its own axis, and several rotating shafts angularly spaced from each other around the periphery of the rotating shaft and connected to the For the blades between the discs, each blade extends radially outward to the periphery of the disc.

The baffle seat includes two seat plates that can rotate and are respectively arranged up and down outside the turbine, two baffle plates connected between the seat plates and oppositely arranged outside the turbine, and a baffle plate connected to the upper part. A deflector on the seat plate and capable of being driven by the water flow to drive the seat plates and the baffle plates to rotate.

Each spoiler is perpendicular to the two sides of the seats and defines a first plane and a second plane with the axis of the rotating shaft, and an included angle formed between the first plane and the second plane is 50 degrees To 75 degrees. The horizontal distance between each spoiler and the wheels is defined as a first distance, the diameter of each wheel is a second distance, and the ratio of the first distance to the second distance is 0.04 to 0.08. The distance from the top surface to the bottom surface of the deflector is defined as a first height, and the distance from the top surface of the seat plate above to the bottom surface of the seat plate below is a second height. The ratio of the two heights is 0.3 to 0.5.

The effect of the present invention is that by further defining the included angle range formed between the first plane and the second plane, and further defining the ratio range of the first interval to the second interval, the turbine can be rotated The power is maintained at the maximum. In addition, by further defining the ratio of the first height to the second height, the turbine can reach a stable rotation speed more quickly, and the efficiency of the present invention can be improved.

2 and 3, an improved embodiment of the water turbine device of the present invention includes a turbine 3 and a choke seat 4. In the following description, the directions shown in FIG. 2 are used for description, and the directions may also be oriented in different directions during implementation, and no further description is provided here.

The turbine 3 includes two discs 31 spaced up and down opposite each other, a rotating shaft 32 connected to the center of the discs 31 and capable of being driven to rotate around its own axis, and several discs are angularly spaced from each other around the rotating shaft The periphery of 32 is connected to the blades 33 between the wheels 31.

The turbine 3 rotates around the axis of the rotating shaft 32 in a rotating direction 92 by the blades 33 being propelled by water flowing through in a flow direction 91, and the rotating shaft 32 is suitable for a power generation device with a water flow generator ( (Not shown in the figure) connection, and can drive the power generation device to run and generate electricity.

Each blade 33 is radially outward and curved to extend to the periphery of the wheel 31, and each blade 33 has a recess and is pushed by the water flow to cause the turbine 1 to rotate in the direction of rotation 92 The inner concave surface 331 of the forward rotation torque and the outer convex surface 332 that is convex and is pushed by the water flow will cause the turbine 1 to generate a reverse torque that rotates against the rotation direction 92.

A first reference surface 81 parallel to the flow direction 91 and passing through the axis of the rotating shaft 32 is defined, and a second reference surface 82 perpendicular to the flow direction 91 and passing through the axis of the rotating shaft 32 is defined. The first reference surface 81 and the The second reference plane 82 collectively distinguishes a first space 71, a second space 72, a third space 73, and a fourth space 74 arranged in sequence along the rotation direction 92, the first space 71 and the fourth space The space 74 is located on the side of the turbine 3 facing the water flow, and the second space 72 and the third space 73 are located on the side of the turbine 3 facing the water flow.

The baffle seat 4 includes two baffle plates 41 that can rotate and are respectively arranged up and down outside the turbine 3, and two baffle plates 42, 43 connected between the seat discs 41 and oppositely arranged outside the turbine 3 , And a deflector 44 connected to the seat plate 41 above and capable of being driven by the water flow to drive the seat plates 41 and the baffle plates 42, 43 to rotate. The baffle plates 42 and 43 form a water inlet 45 covering the first space and a water outlet 46 covering the third space.

The seat plates 41 of this embodiment are all disc-shaped, and are sleeved on the rotating shaft 32 so as to be rotatable about the axis of the rotating shaft 32 relative to the wheels 31. The spoilers 42, 43 are all curved plates, and the spoilers 42, 43 are arranged around the turbine 3 with the axis of the rotating shaft 32 as the center of symmetry, and are respectively located in the fourth space 74 and the second space 72.

For the convenience of description, the baffles 42 and 43 are divided into a first baffle 42 located in the fourth space 74 and a second baffle 43 located in the second space 72. The first spoiler 42 has a first back water surface 422 facing the rotating shaft 32 and a first water facing surface 421 opposite to the first back water surface 422 and facing away from the rotating shaft 32. The second baffle plate 43 has a second water facing surface 431 facing the rotating shaft 32 and a second back water surface 432 opposite to the second water facing surface 431 and facing away from the rotating shaft 32.

The first baffle plate 42 also has a first reference edge 424 perpendicular to the seat plates 41 and a first extension edge 423. The second spoiler 43 also has a second reference side 434 perpendicular to the seat plates 41 and a second extension side 433. The first reference edge 424 and the second reference edge 434 are located on the first reference surface 81, the first extension edge 423 is located in the fourth space 74, and the second extension edge 433 is located in the second space 72.

In use, when the water flows through the water turbine device, it will pass through the water inlet 45 of the choke seat 4 and then impact the blades 33 located in the first space 71 and the second space 72. The inner concave surfaces 331 of the blades 33 bear the push of the water flow, thereby generating a forward torque and linking the wheel 31 and the rotating shaft 32 to rotate along the rotation direction 92 around the axis of the rotating shaft 32. To drive the power generating device (not shown) to rotate and generate electricity. Then, a part of the water flow will follow the turning of the blades 33 and flow out of the choke seat 4 from the water outlet 46, and the other part will follow the blades 33 to continue in the direction of rotation 92 at the stop. Flow in the flow seat 4.

At the same time, by arranging the first spoiler 42 in the fourth space 74, the first water-incoming surface 421 of the first spoiler 42 can block the water from rushing to the third space 73 and the The fourth space 74 prevents the convex surfaces 332 of the blades 33 rotating to the third space 73 and the fourth space 74 from being impacted by the water flow, so as to avoid rotation against the rotation direction 92 Reverse torque, and can solve the problem of reverse torque consumes forward torque. In addition, by arranging the second baffle plate 43 in the second space 72, the water flow can be guided to the third space 73 through the second water-incoming surface 431 of the second baffle plate 43, which can avoid the inside of the turbine 3 The generation of turbulent water flow causes the problem of greater rotation resistance. Therefore, the net torque, rotational speed, and power coefficient (or coefficient of performance, Cp for short) obtained after the net force balance is relatively high in this embodiment, thereby effectively improving the power generation efficiency of the water flow turbine device.

It is further explained that when the fluid flows through a solid, resistance is generated, which in turn causes turbulence. The resistance of different shapes of solids is different. The resistance effect brought by different shapes is defined as the resistance coefficient. The smaller the coefficient, the smaller the flow field turbulence. Both the first spoiler 42 and the second spoiler 43 of this embodiment are curved plates, so that the first water-incoming surface 421 of the first spoiler 42 and the second spoiler 43 are The second back surface 432 is an outwardly curved structure with a small drag coefficient, thereby reducing the turbulence of the flow field and allowing the fluid to pass smoothly.

The first reference side 424 and the second reference side 434 jointly define a first plane L1 coincident with the first reference surface 81. The first extending side 423 and the second extending side 433 jointly define a second plane L2 passing through the axis of the rotating shaft 32. The first plane L1 and the second plane L2 form an included angle θ, and the included angle θ is also the central angle of the first baffle plate 42 and the second baffle plate 43. Wherein, the included angle θ is 50 degrees to 75 degrees. More preferably, the included angle θ is 55 degrees to 60 degrees. As for the numerical meaning of the included angle θ, I will explain it later.

Define the horizontal distance between each spoiler 42 and the wheels 31 as a first gap G1, the diameter of each wheel 31 is a second gap G2, and the ratio of the first gap G1 to the second gap G2 is 0.04 to 0.08. More preferably, the ratio of the first gap G1 to the second gap G2 is 0.05 to 0.075. The numerical meaning of the ratio of the first gap G1 to the second gap G2 will be described later.

In addition, since the water flow direction of the sea area or river is not static, when the present invention is implemented in the above environment, if the water flow direction is not parallel to the deflector 44, the deflector 44 will be pushed by the water and deflected. Swing to a position parallel to the flow direction 91, and when the deflector 44 deflects, the seat plates 41 and the baffle plates 42 are also rotated in conjunction with the rotation. That is to say, in this embodiment, the structure in which the baffle plate 44 is arranged on one of the seat plates 41 can make the baffle plates 42 adjust with the water flow in different directions, so as to keep the baffle plate 4 The first spoiler 42 is located on the side of the turbine seat facing the water flow.

4, the distance from the top surface to the bottom surface of the baffle plate 44 is defined as a first height H1, and the distance from the top surface of the seat plate 41 from above to the bottom surface of the seat plate 41 is a second height H2, the ratio of the first height H1 to the second height H2 is 0.3 to 0.5. More preferably, the ratio of the first height H1 to the second height H2 is 0.35. The numerical meaning of the ratio of the first height H1 to the second height H2 will be explained later.

Hereinafter, several experimental examples 1 to 25 of the improvement of the water flow turbine device of the present invention are used to compare and illustrate the effects of the present invention.

Refer to Figure 5 for the relationship between tip-speed ratio (Tip-Speed Ratio, TSR for short) and power coefficient of the experimental examples 1 to 10 of the present invention. The data is that the water flow turbine device is installed on a length of 3 km. Feet, the width is 1.2 meters, the water level is 1.2 meters, and the flow rate is 1 meter per second (m/s) in a circulating water tank. The data of each set of experimental examples 1 to 10 It is measured by only changing the angle θ formed between the first plane L1 and the second plane L2 under the condition that the remaining conditions of the water turbine device are the same.

It can be seen from the experimental results in Fig. 5 that when the included angle θ is 55 degrees to 60 degrees (Experimental Examples 7 and 8), the characteristic curve of the relationship between the tip speed ratio and the power coefficient of the turbine 3 is the best. However, if the included angle θ is less than 50 degrees or exceeds 75 degrees, the characteristic curve of the relationship between the tip speed ratio and the power coefficient of the turbine 3 will decrease in the opposite direction.

Further discussing the data of experimental example 1, if the included angle θ exceeds 75 degrees, the water flow that is driven by the blades 33 and flows in the rotation direction 92 in the choke seat 4 will hit more of the first The area range of the baffle 42 and the second baffle 43, so that the water flow hits the first baffle 42 and the second baffle 43 and rebounds to the convex surfaces 332 of the blades 33 The increase in the ratio of, the more reversing torque is generated to the turbine 3, and the power of turning the blades 33 is reduced. If the included angle θ is less than 50 degrees, the first baffle plate 42 can block the flow of water flowing in the flow direction 91 outside the baffle seat 4 from decreasing, so that the blades 33 directly bear the pressure when passing through the fourth space 74. The increase in the area of the water flow causes the turbine 3 to generate more reverse torque, which reduces the power of the blades 33 to rotate; in addition, the second spoiler 43 loses the function of concentrating the water flow, causing the blades 33 to rotate. The power cannot be increased.

Refer to Figure 6 for the relationship between the tip speed ratio (TSR) and the power coefficient of one of the experimental examples 11 to 18 of the present invention. The data is that the water turbine device is installed on a length of 3 meters and a width of 1.2 meters. Feet, the water level is 1.2 meters, and the flow rate is 1 meter per second (m/s) in a circulating water tank. The data of each set of experimental examples 11 to 18 are in the water turbine device When the other conditions are the same, only the ratio (G1/G2) of the first gap G1 and the second gap G2 is changed.

It can be seen from the experimental results in Fig. 6 that when the ratio of the first pitch G1 to the second pitch G2 is 0.05 to 0.075 (Experimental Examples 12 to 14), the characteristics of the relationship between the tip speed ratio and the power coefficient of the turbine 3 The curve is the best. If the ratio of the first interval G1 to the second interval G2 is less than 0.04 or exceeds 0.08, the characteristic curve of the relationship between the tip speed ratio and the power coefficient of the turbine 3 will decrease in the opposite direction.

Further discussing the data of Experimental Example 2, when the ratio of the first gap G1 to the second gap G2 is less than 0.04, the baffles 42, 43 will be too close to the turbine 3, and the efficiency of the turbine 3 will be reduced. Affected by the boundary effect, and at the same time, the water flow driven by the turbine 3 will hit the baffles 42 and 43 faster, and the convex surfaces 332 of the blades 33 will be subjected to a larger reversing torque, so that the power The coefficient curve has a downward trend and reflects the lower rotational power coefficient values of the blades 33; when the ratio of the first pitch G1 to the second pitch G2 exceeds 0.08, the water flow cannot be concentrated to In the baffles 42, the energy provided by the water flow cannot be effectively converted to the turbine 3 for work, so the power coefficient curve will have a downward trend and reflect the lower rotational power coefficient value of the blades 33 .

Refer to Figure 7 for the relationship between time and rotation speed of one of the experimental examples 19 to 25 of the present invention. The data set the water turbine device on a length of 2.5 meters, a width of 1.5 meters, and a water level of 0.3 meters. Feet, and the experimental results measured in a circulating water tank with a flow rate of 1 meter per second (m/s), and the data of each set of experimental examples 19 to 25 are under the same conditions as the rest of the water turbine device , Only change the ratio (H1/H2) of the first height H1 to the second height H2.

It can be seen from the experimental results in Fig. 7 that when the ratio of the first height H1 to the second height H2 is 0.1 to 0.25 (Experimental Examples 19-21), the rotation speed of the turbine 3 cannot be stable, and when the first height H1 When the ratio to the second height H2 is 0.35 (Experimental Example 22), the turbine 3 can reach a stable rotation speed of approximately 2.65 radians per second (rad/s) in approximately 4 seconds at the fastest.

To further discuss each set of data of the experimental examples 19 to 25, refer to Figures 8 and 9, which are respectively the top view of the flow field velocity distribution and the side view of the flow field velocity distribution of the experimental examples 19 to 25 of the present invention. As shown in Figures 8a to 8c and Figures 9a to 9c, when the ratio of the first height H1 to the second height H2 is less than 0.3, the velocity distribution of the flow field of the water flow through the turbine 3 is unstable, and the guide flow The plate 44 will continue to swing from side to side and cannot be oriented. The above result is that the area of the baffle plate 44 in contact with the water flow is not enough, so that the baffle plates 42 cannot be driven to rotate to a fixed position, so that the rotation speed of the turbine 3 cannot be fixed. As shown in Figures 8d to 8g, and Figures 9d to 9g, when the ratio of the first height H1 to the second height H2 is increased to more than 0.3, the flow field velocity distribution of the water flow through the turbine 3 is stable and the turbine 3 can Maintaining a constant rotation speed and when the ratio of the first height H1 to the second height H2 is 0.35 (Experimental Example 22), the turbine 3 can reach a stable rotation speed in about 4 seconds at the fastest. However, when the ratio of the first height H1 to the second height H2 continues to increase, there is little difference in the shortest time required for the turbine 3 to reach a stable speed, and the height of the deflector 44 takes into account momentum balance and water depth. When the height of the deflector 44 exceeds half of the height of the turbine 3, it does not meet the actual application conditions, so the design of the deflector 44 should not exceed half of the height of the turbine 3.

In summary, the improvement of the water flow turbine device of the present invention further defines the range of the included angle θ formed between the first plane L1 and the second plane L2, and further defines the first distance G1 and the second distance G2 The ratio range of, can keep the rotational power of the turbine 3 at the maximum, so it can indeed achieve the purpose of the invention. In addition, by further defining the ratio of the first height H1 to the second height H2, the turbine 3 can reach a stable rotation speed more quickly, and the performance of the present invention can be improved.

However, the above are only examples of the present invention. When the scope of implementation of the present invention cannot be limited by this, all simple equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the scope of the patent application of the present invention and the content of the patent specification still belong to This invention patent covers the scope.

3: turbine 31: Roulette 32: shaft 33: blade 331: Concave 332: convex surface 4: choke seat 41: Seat plate 42: The first spoiler 421: The First Water Surface 422: The First Back Surface 423: first extension edge 424: first reference edge 43: second spoiler 431: second face 432: The Second Back Surface 433: second extension edge 434: second reference edge 44: deflector 45: water inlet 46: water outlet 71: First Space 72: second space 73: Third Space 74: The Fourth Space 81: The first datum 82: Second datum 91: Flow direction 92: rotation direction L1: first plane L2: second plane G1: First pitch G2: second spacing H1: first height H2: second height θ: included angle

Other features and effects of the present invention will be clearly presented in the embodiments with reference to the drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a perspective view of a known water turbine device; Figure 2 is a perspective exploded view of an embodiment of an improved water turbine device of the present invention; Figure 3 is a top cross-sectional view of the embodiment, illustrating that several blades can be pushed by water along a flow direction to rotate along the axis of a rotating shaft in a rotation direction; Figure 4 is a side view of the embodiment, illustrating a first height and a second height; 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between a tip speed ratio and the power coefficient of several experimental examples 1 to 10 of the improvement of the water flow turbine device of the present invention; 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between a tip speed ratio and power coefficient of several experimental examples 11 to 18 of the water flow turbine device improvement of the present invention; FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between a time and the rotation speed of several experimental examples 19 to 25 of the improvement of the water flow turbine device of the present invention; Figure 8 is a top view of the velocity distribution of the flow field of the experimental examples 19 to 25; and Fig. 9 is a side view of the velocity distribution of the flow field of the experimental examples 19 to 25.

3: turbine

31: Roulette

32: shaft

33: blade

331: Concave

332: convex surface

4: choke seat

41: Seat plate

42: The first spoiler

421: The First Water Surface

422: The First Back Surface

423: first extension edge

424: first reference edge

43: second spoiler

431: second face

432: The Second Back Surface

433: second extension edge

434: second reference edge

44: deflector

45: water inlet

46: water outlet

71: First Space

72: second space

73: Third Space

74: The Fourth Space

81: The first datum

82: Second datum

91: Flow direction

92: rotation direction

L1: first plane

L2: second plane

G1: First pitch

G2: second spacing

θ: included angle

Claims (5)

An improved water flow turbine device, including: A turbine includes two roulettes spaced up and down opposite each other, a rotating shaft connected to the center of the roulettes and capable of being driven to rotate around its own axis, and several rotating shafts angularly spaced from each other around the periphery of the rotating shaft and connected to Each of the blades between the discs is curved and extends radially outward to the periphery of the disc; and A baffle seat, including two seat plates that can rotate and are respectively arranged up and down outside the turbine, two baffle plates connected between the seat plates and oppositely arranged outside the turbine, and a baffle plate connected to the upper part The baffles on the seat plate and can be driven by the water flow to drive the seat plates and the baffle plates to rotate. Each baffle plate is perpendicular to the two sides of the seat plates and defines a second axis with the axis of the rotating shaft. A plane and a second plane, an included angle θ formed by the first plane and the second plane is 50 degrees to 75 degrees, defining the horizontal distance between each spoiler and the wheels as a first distance, The diameter of each wheel is a second pitch, and the ratio of the first pitch to the second pitch is 0.04 to 0.08. The distance from the top surface to the bottom surface of the baffle is defined as a first height. The distance from the top surface vertically downward to the bottom surface of the seat plate is a second height, and the ratio of the first height to the second height is 0.3 to 0.5. The water turbine device improvement according to claim 1, wherein the included angle θ formed between the first plane and the second plane is 55 degrees to 60 degrees. The improvement of the water flow turbine device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ratio of the first distance to the second distance is 0.05 to 0.075. The improvement of the water turbine device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ratio of the first height to the second height is 0.35. The water flow turbine device improvement according to claim 3, wherein the ratio of the first height to the second height is 0.35.

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