TWI651890B - Antenna and antenna array - Google Patents

Abstract

An antenna is electrically connected to the substrate, and includes a radiator, a first feeding portion, a second feeding portion, a load access portion, a first ground portion and a second ground portion. Wherein, the radiation surface of the radiator is parallel to the plane of the substrate to radiate a signal. The first end of the first feeding portion is electrically connected to the central position of the radiator, and the second end of the first feeding portion is for receiving the first feeding signal to generate the first field type. The first end of the second feeding portion is electrically connected to the first corner of the radiator, and the second end of the second feeding portion is for receiving the second feeding signal to generate the second field type. The first ground portion is electrically connected between the second corner of the radiator and the ground on the substrate. The second grounding portion is electrically connected between the third corner of the radiator and the ground. The load access portion is electrically connected between the fourth corner of the radiator and the load to achieve impedance matching. The antenna and antenna array of the present invention are capable of radiating signals over a wide range of angles as well as radiating signals in a direction of pointing.

Description

Antenna and antenna array

The present invention relates to the field of radio frequency communications, and in particular, to an antenna and an antenna array.

At this stage, as the communication speed continues to increase, multi-antenna systems have become a trend. However, multi-antenna systems face many challenges. In a multi-antenna system, as the number of antennas increases, the mutual influence and interference between the antenna and the antenna become more and more serious. Moreover, in a general antenna, only one type of energy radiation field can be provided. In a multi-antenna system, more antennas are inevitably used, so that more antennas will be accommodated in a limited space, which exacerbates the antenna. Mutual interference. At the same time, the range of the half power angle of the antenna in the prior art is also small.

In view of this, it is necessary to provide an antenna and an antenna array to solve the above disadvantages.

An antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention is electrically connected to a substrate, and includes: a radiator, a first feeding portion, a second feeding portion, a load access portion, a first ground portion, and a second ground portion.

Wherein, the radiation surface of the radiator is parallel to the plane of the substrate to radiate a signal. The first end of the first feeding portion is electrically connected to the central position of the radiator, and the second end of the first feeding portion is for receiving the first feeding signal to generate the first field type. The first end of the second feeding portion is electrically connected to the first corner of the radiator, and the second end of the second feeding portion is for receiving the second feeding signal to generate the second field type. First connection The ground is electrically connected between the second corner of the radiator and the ground plane on the substrate. The second grounding portion is electrically connected between the third corner of the radiator and the ground plane. The load access portion is electrically connected between the fourth corner of the radiator and the load to achieve impedance matching.

Preferably, the radiating surface of the radiator is square.

Preferably, the second angle and the third angle are on the same diagonal line of the square.

Preferably, the first feeding portion, the second feeding portion, the first ground portion, the second ground portion and the load access portion are all elongated and perpendicular to the radiator.

Preferably, the first ground portion is parallel to the second ground portion.

Preferably, the second feed portion is parallel to the load access portion.

Preferably, when the first field type is generated, the second feeding portion is electrically connected to a load. When the second field pattern is generated, the first feed portion is electrically connected to a load.

Preferably, in the radiation pattern perpendicular to the plane of the substrate, the angular range of the half power angle of the first field type is a range from the first angle to the second angle and a range from the third angle to the fourth angle. The angular range of the half power angle of the second field type is from the second angle to the third angle. The first angle is smaller than the second angle, the second angle is smaller than the third angle, and the third angle is smaller than the fourth angle.

Preferably, the angle range of the first angle to the fourth angle is greater than 150 degrees.

The present invention also provides an antenna array comprising a plurality of antennas as above, the antennas being arranged in an N×N array, the radiating portions of each antenna being parallel to the plane of the substrate, wherein N is a positive integer, referring to each row or The number of antennas in each column.

The antenna and antenna array of the present invention are capable of radiating signals over a wide range of angles as well as radiating signals in a direction of pointing. The invention is suitable for installation on the ceiling as well as for mounting on a wall.

1, A1-A9‧‧‧ antenna

2‧‧‧Substrate

3‧‧‧Antenna array

10‧‧‧ radiator

20‧‧‧First Feeding Department

30‧‧‧Second Feeding Department

40‧‧‧Load Access Department

50‧‧‧First grounding

60‧‧‧Second grounding

P1‧‧‧ first point

P2‧‧‧ second point

P3‧‧‧ third point

P4‧‧‧ fourth point

F1, F2‧‧‧ curve

1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an antenna of the present invention.

2 is a side elevational view of an embodiment of the antenna of the present invention as seen obliquely from above.

Figure 3 is a side elevational view of an embodiment of the antenna of the present invention as seen from obliquely upward.

4 is a measurement diagram of a two-dimensional radiation pattern of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the return loss measurement of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention when the first field type is radiated.

Fig. 6 is a graph showing the measurement of the voltage standing wave ratio when the antenna of the first embodiment of the antenna of the present invention is radiated.

Fig. 7 is a graph showing the return loss measurement when the second field type of the antenna of the present invention is radiated.

Fig. 8 is a graph showing the measurement of the voltage standing wave ratio when the second field type of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention is radiated.

9 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an antenna array of the present invention.

Figure 10 is a measurement diagram of the radiation pattern of the XZ plane of an embodiment of the antenna array of the present invention.

Figure 11 is a graph showing the measurement of the radiation pattern of the YZ plane of an embodiment of the antenna array of the present invention.

12 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an antenna array of the present invention.

Figure 13 is a graph showing the measurement of the radiation pattern of the XZ plane of an embodiment of the antenna array of the present invention.

Figure 14 is a measurement diagram of the radiation pattern of the YZ plane of an embodiment of the antenna array of the present invention.

15 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an antenna array of the present invention.

Figure 16 is a graph showing the measurement of the radiation pattern of the XZ plane of an embodiment of the antenna array of the present invention.

Figure 17 is a graph showing the measurement of the radiation pattern of the YZ plane of an embodiment of the antenna array of the present invention.

Figure 18 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of an antenna array of the present invention.

Figure 19 is a measurement diagram of the radiation pattern of the XZ plane of an embodiment of the antenna array of the present invention.

Figure 20 is a measurement diagram of the radiation pattern of the YZ plane of an embodiment of the antenna array of the present invention.

Please refer to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 together. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an antenna 1 according to the present invention. 2 is a side elevational view of the antenna 1 of the present invention as seen from an obliquely downward direction. Figure 3 is a side elevational view of the antenna 1 of the present invention as seen from obliquely upward.

In the present embodiment, the antenna 1 is electrically connected to the substrate. A ground plane is provided in the substrate, mainly for signal reflection. The antenna 1 includes a radiator 10, a first feeding portion 20, a second feeding portion 30, a load access portion 40, a first ground portion 50, and a second ground portion 60. The radiating surface of the radiator 10 is square. The four corners of the square are formed as a first angle of the radiator 10, a second angle of the radiator 10, a third angle of the radiator 10, and a fourth angle of the radiator 10. In other embodiments, the radiating surface of the radiator 10 may also be provided in other shapes, such as a quadrangle or other polygonal shape.

Wherein, the radiation surface of the radiator 10 is parallel to the plane of the substrate to radiate a signal. The first end of the first feeding portion 20 is electrically connected to the central position of the radiator 10, and the second end of the first feeding portion 20 is for receiving the first feeding signal to generate the first field type (as shown in FIG. 4). ). The first end of the second feeding portion 30 is electrically connected to the first corner of the radiator 10, and the second end of the second feeding portion 30 is for receiving the second feeding signal to generate the second field type (as shown in FIG. 4). Show). The first grounding portion 50 is electrically connected between the second corner of the radiator 10 and the ground plane. The second grounding portion 60 is electrically connected between the third corner of the radiator 10 and the ground plane. The load access portion 40 is electrically connected between the fourth corner of the radiator 10 and a load (not shown) to achieve impedance matching. In the present embodiment, the resistance of the load is 50 ohms. Antenna 1 operates at a frequency range of 5150 megahertz (MHz) to 5850 MHz.

Specifically, the second angle of the radiator 10 and the third angle of the radiator 10 are on the same diagonal line of the square, that is, the first ground portion 50 and the second ground portion 60 are respectively connected to the diagonal of the square. Moreover, the first feeding portion 20, the second feeding portion 30, the first ground portion 50, the second ground portion 60, and the load access portion 40 are all elongated and perpendicular to the radiator 10. The first ground portion 50 is parallel to the second ground portion 60. Second feed The entrance 30 is parallel to the load access unit 40. The radiator 10 of the antenna 1 of the present embodiment can be in contact with the substrate via the first feeding portion 20, the second feeding portion 30, the first ground portion 50, and the second ground portion 60. In other embodiments, the radiator 10 of the antenna 1 may also be in contact with the substrate only through the first ground portion 50 and the second ground portion 60. The overall size of the antenna 1 is 23.5 mm long, 23.5 mm wide, and 4.4 mm high.

Please refer to FIG. 4. FIG. 4 is a measurement diagram of a two-dimensional radiation pattern of an antenna 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the present embodiment, the antenna 1 is mainly described by way of a ball coordinate. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that in a Spherical coordinate system, a spherical coordinate represents a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system of a position of a point in three-dimensional space. The line from the origin to the point, the azimuth between the projection line on the xy plane and the positive x-axis is phi(φ). In the ball coordinates of the present embodiment, the plane in which the substrate is located serves as the XY plane, and the direction in which the vertical substrate is located and directed to the radiator 10 of the antenna 1 is the positive Z-axis direction. As shown in FIG. 4, the measurement chart of the two-dimensional radiation field type is measured under the condition that phi is equal to 0°, that is, the measured measurement chart is a two-dimensional radiation field pattern perpendicular to the plane of the substrate.

In Fig. 4, the curve F1 represents the first field type, and the curve F2 represents the second field type. In the art, the term half power angle refers to a 3 dB beamwidth or a half power beamwidth. In the radiation pattern, the angle between the two points at which the relative maximum radiation power flux density is reduced to half (i.e., decreased to a maximum of 3 dB) is called the half power angle. According to FIG. 4, the intersection of the curve F1 and the 3dB line is the first point P1, the second point P2, the third point P3 and the fourth point P4, respectively. The first angle at which the first point P1 is located is about -84°, the second angle at which the second point P2 is located is about -35°, the third angle at which the third point P3 is located is about 38.5°, and the fourth point P4 is located. The fourth angle is approximately 70°. The intersection of the curve F2 and the 3dB line is also the second point P2 and the third point P3. It can be seen that the angular range of the half power angle of the first field type is a range from the first angle to the second angle and a range from the third angle to the fourth angle, that is, a range of approximately -84° to -35°. And a range of 38.5 ° to 70 °. Therefore, the first field type has a wider signal coverage. The angular range of the half power angle of the second field type is a range from the second angle to the third angle, that is, a range of approximately -35 to 38.5. Therefore, the second field type has one Directional signal coverage. As a whole, the coverage of the first field type plus the signal coverage of the second field type can form a coverage of a half-power angle of a continuous interval, that is, the range from the first angle to the fourth angle is The coverage of the half power angle of the antenna 1 is invented. Therefore, the coverage of the half power angle of the antenna 1 of the present invention is greater than 150 degrees.

In the present embodiment, when the first field type is generated, the second feeding portion 30 is electrically connected to one load. When the second field pattern is generated, the first feed portion 20 is electrically connected to a load. When a wide range of signal radiation needs to be performed, it can be achieved by generating a first field pattern. When a directional signal radiation is required, it can be achieved by generating a second field pattern. It can be seen that the antenna 1 of the present invention can radiate signals over a wide range of angles as well as radiate signals in a direction of pointing, as compared to other antennas that do not have a complex field type. The antenna 1 of the present invention is suitable for mounting on a ceiling as well as for mounting on a wall.

Referring to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 together, FIG. 5 is a measurement diagram of return loss when the first field type of the antenna 1 of the present invention is radiated, and FIG. 6 is an embodiment of the antenna 1 according to the present invention. Measurement chart of voltage standing wave ratio. As shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the return loss when the first field type is radiated is lower than -8 dB, and the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is less than 2.2, and the standing wave is relatively small. The reflected power is low and the transmission efficiency is high.

Please refer to FIG. 7 and FIG. 8. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the return loss measurement of the antenna 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention when radiating the second field type. Fig. 8 is a graph showing the measurement of the voltage standing wave ratio when the antenna 1 of the present invention radiates the second field type. As shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, the return loss when the second field type is radiated is lower than -5 dB, and the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is less than 3.3, and the standing wave is relatively small. The reflected power is low and the transmission efficiency is high.

Referring to FIG. 9 , FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 , FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an antenna array 3 according to the present invention. Figure 10 is a diagram showing the measurement of the radiation pattern of the XZ plane of an embodiment of the antenna array 3 of the present invention. Figure. Figure 11 is a measurement diagram of the radiation pattern of the YZ plane of an embodiment of the antenna array 3 of the present invention. In the ball coordinates of the present embodiment, the plane in which the substrate is located serves as the XY plane, and the direction in which the vertical substrate is located and directed to the radiator 10 of the antenna 1 is the positive Z-axis direction. As shown in FIG. 9, in the present embodiment, the antenna array 3 includes nine antennas A1-A9. The antennas A1 to A9 are all the antennas of the above embodiments. The nine antennas A1-A9 are arranged in a 3 x 3 array. Nine antennas A1-A9 are respectively arranged in each of the nine squares, and the radiating portions of each antenna are parallel to the plane of the substrate. The antennas A1-A3 are disposed in the first row in the Y direction, the antennas A4-A6 are disposed in the second row in the Y direction, and the antennas A7-A9 are disposed in the third row in the Y direction. The antennas A1-A3 receive the feed signal with a phase advance of 90 degrees, the antennas A4-A6 receive the feed signal with a phase of 0 degrees, and the antennas A7-A9 receive the feed signal with a phase delay of 90 degrees to realize the antenna array 3 Beam steering or beamforming. 10 and 11, the signal energy in the present embodiment is mainly inclined in the positive X-axis direction (phi = 0°).

Referring to FIG. 12, FIG. 13 and FIG. 14, FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an antenna array 3 according to the present invention. Figure 13 is a measurement diagram of the radiation pattern of the XZ plane of an embodiment of the antenna array 3 of the present invention. Figure 14 is a measurement diagram of the radiation pattern of the YZ plane of an embodiment of the antenna array 3 of the present invention. In the ball coordinates of the present embodiment, the plane in which the substrate is located serves as an XY plane, and the direction in which the vertical substrate is located and directed to the antenna radiator 10 is the positive Z-axis direction. As shown in FIG. 12, in the present embodiment, the antenna array 3 includes nine antennas A1-A9. The antennas A1 to A9 are all the antennas of the above embodiments. The nine antennas A1-A9 are arranged in a 3 x 3 array. Nine antennas A1-A9 are respectively arranged in each of the nine squares, and the radiating portions of each antenna are parallel to the plane of the substrate. The antennas A1-A3 are disposed in the first row in the Y direction, the antennas A4-A6 are disposed in the second row in the Y direction, and the antennas A7-A9 are disposed in the third row in the Y direction. The antennas A1, A4, and A7 receive the feed signal with a phase advance of 90 degrees, the antennas A2, A5, and A8 receive the feed signal with a phase of 0 degrees, and the antennas A3, A6, and A9 receive the feed signal with a phase delay of 90 degrees. Realizing beam steering of antenna array 3 Or beamforming. 13 and 14, the signal energy in the present embodiment is mainly inclined in the positive Y-axis direction (phi=90°).

Referring to FIG. 15 , FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 , FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an antenna array 3 according to the present invention. Figure 16 is a measurement diagram of the radiation pattern of the XZ plane of an embodiment of the antenna array 3 of the present invention. Figure 17 is a measurement diagram of the radiation pattern of the YZ plane of an embodiment of the antenna array 3 of the present invention. In the ball coordinates of the present embodiment, the plane in which the substrate is located serves as an XY plane, and the direction in which the vertical substrate is located and directed to the antenna radiator 10 is the positive Z-axis direction. As shown in FIG. 15, in the present embodiment, the antenna array 3 includes nine antennas A1-A9. The antennas A1 to A9 are all the antennas of the above embodiments. The nine antennas A1-A9 are arranged in a 3 x 3 array. Nine antennas A1-A9 are respectively arranged in each of the nine squares, and the radiating portions of each antenna are parallel to the plane of the substrate. The antennas A1-A3 are disposed in the first row in the Y direction, the antennas A4-A6 are disposed in the second row in the Y direction, and the antennas A7-A9 are disposed in the third row in the Y direction. The antennas A1-A3 receive the feed signals with a phase lag of 90 degrees, the antennas A4-A6 receive the feed signals with a phase of 0 degrees, and the antennas A7-A9 receive the feed signals with a phase of 90 degrees to achieve the antenna array 3. Beam steering or beamforming. 16 and 17, the signal energy in the present embodiment is mainly inclined in the negative X-axis direction (phi = 180°).

Referring to FIG. 18, FIG. 19 and FIG. 20, FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an antenna array 3 according to the present invention. Figure 19 is a measurement diagram of the radiation pattern of the XZ plane of an embodiment of the antenna array 3 of the present invention. Figure 20 is a measurement diagram of the radiation pattern of the YZ plane of an embodiment of the antenna array 3 of the present invention. In the ball coordinates of the present embodiment, the plane in which the substrate is located serves as an XY plane, and the direction in which the vertical substrate is located and directed to the antenna radiator 10 is the positive Z-axis direction. As shown in FIG. 18, in the present embodiment, the antenna array 3 includes nine antennas A1-A9. The antennas A1 to A9 are all the antennas of the above embodiments. The nine antennas A1-A9 are arranged in a 3 x 3 array. Nine antennas A1-A9 are respectively arranged in each of the nine squares, and the radiating portions of each antenna are parallel to the plane of the substrate. The antennas A1-A3 are disposed in the first row in the Y direction, the antennas A4-A6 are disposed in the second row in the Y direction, and the antennas A7-A9 are disposed in the third row in the Y direction. Antennas A1, A4, A7 Do not receive the feed signal with a phase lag of 90 degrees, the antennas A2, A5, and A8 receive the feed signal with a phase of 0 degrees, and the antennas A3, A6, and A9 receive the feed signal with a phase of 90 degrees to achieve the antenna array 3. Beam steering or beamforming. 19 and 20, the signal energy in the present embodiment is mainly inclined in the negative Y-axis direction (phi = 270°).

In the above embodiment of the antenna array 3, the antennas A1-A9 in the antenna array 3 are all fed with signals through the second feeding portion. In other embodiments, the antennas of the present invention may also be arranged in an N×N array. The radiating portion of each antenna is parallel to the plane of the substrate, where N is a positive integer and refers to the number of antennas per row or column. In other embodiments, the signal may be input through the first feeding unit as described above. The antenna 1 and the antenna array 3 of the present invention can radiate signals over a wide range of angles as well as radiate signals in a direction of pointing. The invention is suitable for installation on the ceiling as well as for mounting on a wall.

Claims (10)

The antenna is electrically connected to the substrate, and includes: a radiator, the radiation surface of the radiator is rectangular and parallel to a plane of the substrate to radiate a signal; the first feeding portion, the first end of the first feeding portion and the radiator The first end of the first feeding portion is configured to receive the first feed signal to generate a first field type; the second feeding portion, the first end of the second feeding portion and the radiator The first corner is electrically connected, the second end of the second feeding portion is configured to receive the second feed signal to generate the second field type; the first ground portion is electrically connected to the second corner of the radiator a grounding plane on the substrate; a second grounding portion electrically connected between the third corner of the radiator and the ground plane; and a load access portion electrically connected to the fourth corner of the radiator and the load Between, thus achieving impedance matching. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the radiating surface of the radiator is square. The antenna of claim 2, wherein the second angle and the third angle are on a diagonal line of the square. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the first feeding portion, the second feeding portion, the first ground portion, the second ground portion, and the load access portion are elongated, and Both are perpendicular to the radiator. The antenna of claim 4, wherein the first ground portion is parallel to the second ground portion. The antenna of claim 4, wherein the second feed portion is parallel to the load access portion. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the second feed portion is electrically connected to a load when the first field type is generated; and the first feed portion and the first field portion are generated when the second field type is generated. The load is electrically connected. The antenna of claim 1, wherein, in a radiation pattern perpendicular to a plane of the substrate, an angular range of the half power angle of the first field type is a range from the first angle to the second angle And a range from the third angle to the fourth angle; the angle range of the half power angle of the second field type is from the second angle to the third angle; wherein the first angle is smaller than the second angle, the first The two angles are smaller than the third angle, and the third angle is smaller than the fourth angle. The antenna of claim 8, wherein the angle range of the first angle to the fourth angle is greater than 150 degrees. An antenna array comprising: an antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the antennas are arranged in an N×N array, and the radiating portions of each of the antennas are parallel to a plane of the substrate. Where N is a positive integer and refers to the number of said antennas per row or column.