TWI629353B - Receptor stripping solution - Google Patents

Receptor stripping solution Download PDF

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TWI629353B
TWI629353B TW106133105A TW106133105A TWI629353B TW I629353 B TWI629353 B TW I629353B TW 106133105 A TW106133105 A TW 106133105A TW 106133105 A TW106133105 A TW 106133105A TW I629353 B TWI629353 B TW I629353B
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mass
hydrazine
water
hydrate
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TW201814036A (en
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淵上真一郎
鬼頭佑典
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日商松下知識產權經營股份有限公司
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03FPHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/26Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
    • G03F7/42Stripping or agents therefor

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Photosensitive Polymer And Photoresist Processing (AREA)
  • Exposure Of Semiconductors, Excluding Electron Or Ion Beam Exposure (AREA)
  • Cleaning Or Drying Semiconductors (AREA)

Abstract

本發明係關於一種阻劑剝離液;也就是說,在半導體裝置等之製造製程,在比起以前還更加高之溫度,進行硬化,避免阻劑之硬化不良。因此,需要剝離力比起以前還更加強之剝離液。 The present invention relates to a resist stripping liquid; that is, in a manufacturing process of a semiconductor device or the like, hardening is performed at a temperature higher than before, and hardening of the resist is prevented. Therefore, a peeling liquid having a peeling force stronger than before is required.

一種阻劑剝離液,其特徵為:包含二級胺、作為極性溶媒之1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI)以及水,包含聯胺,來作為添加劑,前述之水係10.0質量%以上、31.0質量%未滿,該阻劑剝離液係可以剝離高溫烘烤之阻劑,也無引起對於膜表面和斷面之腐蝕。 A resist stripping liquid characterized by comprising a secondary amine, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) as a polar solvent, and water, comprising a hydrazine as an additive, the aforementioned water system 10.0 The mass% or more and 31.0 mass% are not full, and the resist stripping liquid can peel off the high temperature baking resist, and does not cause corrosion on the film surface and the cross section.

Description

阻劑剝離液 Resist stripper  

本發明係用以剝離使用在液晶、有機EL等之顯示器元件或半導體之製造時之阻劑之剝離液,更加詳細地說,關於一種即使是進行硬化烘烤之阻劑膜,也可以除去阻劑,並且,即使是對於鋁膜和銅膜,也可以說是無實質地進行腐蝕的阻劑剝離液。 The present invention is for peeling off a stripping liquid which is used as a resist agent in the manufacture of a liquid crystal, an organic EL or the like, or a semiconductor, and more particularly, a resist film which can be cured even if it is hardened and baked. Moreover, even for the aluminum film and the copper film, it can be said that it is a resist stripping liquid which does not substantially corrode.

在液晶或有機EL(Electro-Luminescence:電激發光)等之扁平面板顯示器(FPD),要求大畫面。另一方面,作為筆記型PC、桌上型PC和智慧型手機用係要求小型高精細畫面。作為大畫面用係使用TFT(Thin Film Transistor:薄膜電晶體)(使用Cu配線或Cu/Mo層積配線(在以後,也僅稱為「Cu配線」。))。此外,作為小型高精細畫面用係使用TFT(使用Al配線)。此外,在以下,也稱呼Cu為銅,Mo為鉬,Al為鋁。 A flat panel display (FPD) such as liquid crystal or organic EL (Electro-Luminescence) requires a large screen. On the other hand, as a notebook PC, a desktop PC, and a smart phone, a small high-definition screen is required. A TFT (Thin Film Transistor) is used as the large-screen system (using Cu wiring or Cu/Mo laminated wiring (hereinafter, simply referred to as "Cu wiring"). In addition, TFTs (using Al wiring) are used as small-sized high-definition screens. Further, in the following, Cu is also referred to as copper, Mo is molybdenum, and Al is aluminum.

在面板製造廠商中,在一個工廠內,也有生產使用Cu配線之TFT和混合Cu配線及Al配線之TFT之狀態發生。如果是在生產混合Cu配線及Al配線之TFT之狀態而藉由阻劑膜之剝離製程並且在使用Al配線之狀態和使用Cu配線之狀態而共用阻劑剝離液的話,則可以削減生產成本和設備。 Among the panel manufacturers, in one factory, there is also a state in which TFTs using Cu wiring and TFTs of mixed Cu wiring and Al wiring are produced. If the resist stripping solution is shared by the stripping process of the resist film and the state in which the Al wiring is used and the state in which the Cu wiring is used in the state in which the TFTs of the mixed Cu wiring and the Al wiring are produced, the production cost can be reduced and device.

水系之正型光阻劑用剝離液係一般由烷醇胺、極性溶媒和水而構成之組成,在阻劑剝離裝置內,以40℃以上、50℃以下之程度,進行加熱及使用。 The stripping liquid for a positive resist of a water type is generally composed of an alkanolamine, a polar solvent, and water, and is heated and used in a resist stripping apparatus to a temperature of 40 ° C or more and 50 ° C or less.

烷醇胺係用以藉由求核作用而使得正型光阻劑剝離液中之成為鹼不溶化劑之DNQ(二偶氮基萘醌)化合物之羰基,可以溶化於極性溶媒和水,因此,成為必要成分。烷醇胺係藉由鍵結於氮元素之氫以外之取代基之數目而分類成為一級、二級和三級。其中,知道級數越小而鹼性越強,求核性也越強。 The alkanolamine is a carbonyl group of a DNQ (diazonaphthoquinone) compound which becomes an alkali insolubilizing agent in a positive photoresist stripping solution by a nucleation action, and can be dissolved in a polar solvent and water. Become an essential ingredient. The alkanolamine is classified into the first, second and third stages by the number of substituents other than the hydrogen bonded to the nitrogen element. Among them, the smaller the number of stages is, the stronger the basicity is, and the stronger the nuclearity is.

因此,越加是級數小之烷醇胺,則成為鹼不溶化劑之DNQ化合物可以溶化於極性溶媒或水之力量係越大,發揮強力之阻劑剝離性能。 Therefore, when the number of the alkanolamines is small, the strength of the DNQ compound which becomes an alkali insolubilizing agent can be melted in a polar solvent or water, and the strong agent peeling performance is exhibited.

另一方面,知道烷醇胺係對於Cu,具有螯合作用。對於Cu之螯合作用係可以溶化Cu,因此,腐蝕Cu膜。對於Cu之螯合作用係相同於鹼性或求核性,烷醇胺之級數越小而螯合作用越強。因此,越加是級數小之烷醇胺,則越加強烈地腐蝕Cu膜。 On the other hand, it is known that an alkanolamine has chelation for Cu. For the chelation of Cu, Cu can be melted, and therefore, the Cu film is corroded. The chelation of Cu is the same as basic or nuclear, and the smaller the number of alkanolamines, the stronger the chelation. Therefore, as the alkanolamine having a small number is added, the Cu film is more strongly corroded.

在所謂非結晶質矽(在以後,也稱為「a-Si」。)或低溫多結晶矽(在以後,也稱為「LTPS」。)、氧化物半導體(在以後,也稱為「IGZO」。)之半導體之高精細用TFT之生產製程,於乾式蝕刻製程,有阻劑受到損傷來發生變性而不容易剝離阻劑之狀態發生。認為這個係由於構成正型阻劑膜之DNQ化合物和酚醛樹脂之間之聚合呈過剩地進行之緣故。 In the case of amorphous yttrium (hereinafter, also referred to as "a-Si") or low-temperature polycrystalline yttrium (hereinafter, also referred to as "LTPS"), an oxide semiconductor (hereinafter, also referred to as "IGZO") The high-definition TFT manufacturing process of the semiconductor is performed in a dry etching process in which a resist is damaged to be denatured and the resist is not easily peeled off. This is considered to be due to the excessive polymerization between the DNQ compound constituting the positive resist film and the phenol resin.

Al配線係無受到由於烷醇胺而造成之腐蝕作用 (螯合作用)。因此,剝離變性之阻劑,所以,一般係使用具有強力之剝離性能之一級烷醇胺。 The Al wiring system is not corroded by the alkanolamine (chelation). Therefore, the denatured resist is peeled off, and therefore, a monoalkanolamine having a strong peeling property is generally used.

另一方面,在Cu配線之狀態下,在使用一級或二級之烷醇胺之時,有許多之Cu配線之腐蝕發生至無法容許之程度之狀態產生。因此,提議使用三級烷醇胺之剝離液。三級烷醇胺係對於Cu之螯合作用變弱,可以抑制Cu膜之腐蝕至無實用上問題之範圍內。但是,鹼性或求核性係也相同於螯合作用而變弱,比較於使用一級或二級之烷醇胺之阻劑剝離液,發生所謂阻劑剝離力呈變弱之缺點。 On the other hand, in the state of the Cu wiring, when the primary or secondary alkanolamine is used, corrosion of many Cu wirings occurs to such an extent that it is unacceptable. Therefore, it is proposed to use a stripping solution of a tertiary alkanolamine. The tertiary alkanolamine system weakens the chelation of Cu, and can suppress the corrosion of the Cu film to the extent that there is no practical problem. However, the basic or nuclear-requiring system is also weakened by the same chelate, and the so-called resist peeling force is weakened compared to the resist stripping liquid using the primary or secondary alkanolamine.

在此種技術背景下,要求一種阻劑剝離液組成物,係具有同等以上於使用一級烷醇胺之Al配線用阻劑剝離液之剝離性能,可以使用在Cu配線和Al配線之兩者。 In such a technical background, a resist stripping liquid composition is required, which has a peeling performance equivalent to or higher than that of a resist stripping liquid for Al wiring using a primary alkanolamine, and can be used for both Cu wiring and Al wiring.

此外,在專利文獻1,揭示:一種包含藉由(1)化學式而顯示之化合物和溶劑之阻劑剝離液。此種阻劑剝離液係也可以共用於Cu配線和Al配線之阻劑剝離製程。 Further, Patent Document 1 discloses a resist stripping liquid containing a compound and a solvent which are represented by the chemical formula (1). Such a resist stripping system can also be used in common for the resist stripping process of Cu wiring and Al wiring.

此外,在專利文獻2,揭示一種阻劑剝離液,係無論是否使用三級烷醇胺,也具有同等於使用一級烷醇胺之Al配線用阻劑剝離液之剝離力。該剝離液係包含三級胺、極性溶 媒、水、環狀胺、糖醇和還原劑,前述之五員環狀胺係具備吡咯烷或者是在3位具有取代基之吡咯烷之組成。 Further, Patent Document 2 discloses a resist stripping liquid which has a peeling force equivalent to that of a resist stripping liquid for Al wiring using a primary alkanolamine, regardless of whether or not a tertiary alkanolamine is used. The stripping liquid contains a tertiary amine, a polar solvent, water, a cyclic amine, a sugar alcohol, and a reducing agent, and the above-mentioned five-membered cyclic amine has a pyrrolidine or a pyrrolidine having a substituent at the 3-position.

【先前技術文獻】  [Previous Technical Literature]   【利文獻】  [Li literature]  

專利文獻1:日本特開2012-514765號公報(日本專利5279921號) Patent Document 1: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2012-514765 (Japanese Patent No. 5297921)

專利文獻2:日本特開2016-085378號公報(日本專利5885041號) Patent Document 2: JP-A-2016-085378 (Japanese Patent No. 5880410)

專利文獻2之剝離液係可以共用於Cu配線(包含Cu/Mo層積配線)以及在Al配線之阻劑剝離製程。此外,假設即使是在阻劑膜,施行硬化烘烤,也可以剝離阻劑膜。 The stripping liquid of Patent Document 2 can be used in common for Cu wiring (including Cu/Mo laminated wiring) and a resist stripping process for Al wiring. Further, it is assumed that the resist film can be peeled off even if the resist film is subjected to hardening baking.

但是,在使用阻劑之半導體裝置之製造現場,進行一次之更加大規模之基板之處理。因此,在一次之光微影之製程之失敗係關係到一次之大量之不良品。於是,在光微影之各製程,在安全方面,運用作業參數。 However, at the manufacturing site of the semiconductor device using the resist, the processing of the substrate of a larger scale is performed once. Therefore, the failure of the process of lithography in one time is related to a large number of defective products. Therefore, in the various processes of photolithography, in terms of safety, the operating parameters are used.

具體地說,在阻劑之硬化製程,進行在更加高溫度之硬化,避免所謂阻劑之硬化不良之問題。但是,同時,這個係表示需要剝離力更加強於以前之剝離液。 Specifically, in the hardening process of the resist, hardening at a higher temperature is performed to avoid the problem of poor curing of the so-called resist. However, at the same time, this system indicates that the peeling force is required to be stronger than the previous stripping solution.

本發明係有鑑於前述之課題而設想到的,提供一種即使是在比起以前還更加高之溫度來進行烘烤之阻劑,也可以進行剝離之阻劑剝離液。毫無疑問地,不用說當然不僅是剝離力變強,也要求所謂對於稱為Cu、Mo和Al之金屬之腐蝕性變低之方面。 The present invention has been conceived in view of the above problems, and provides a resist stripping liquid which can be peeled off even if it is a binder which is baked at a temperature higher than before. Needless to say, it goes without saying that not only is the peeling force becoming strong, but also the aspect of the corrosion of the metal called Cu, Mo and Al is lowered.

更加具體地說,本發明之阻劑剝離液,其特徵為:包含二級胺、作為極性溶媒之1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI)以及水,包含聯胺,來作為添加劑,前述之水係10.0質量%以上、31.0質量%未滿。 More specifically, the resist stripping solution of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises a secondary amine, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) as a polar solvent, and water, and contains a hydrazine as a The additive is not more than 10.0% by mass and 31.0% by mass of the above-mentioned water system.

本發明之阻劑剝離液係使用二級胺,因此,即使是在比起以前還更加高之溫度來進行烘烤之阻劑,也可以確實地進行剝離。此外,本發明之阻劑剝離液係包含1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI),來作為極性溶媒,因此,無論是否含有二級胺,也抑制對於所謂Cu或Mo、Al之金屬之腐蝕。 Since the resist stripping liquid of the present invention uses a secondary amine, the peeling can be surely performed even if the resist is baked at a temperature higher than before. Further, the resist stripping liquid of the present invention contains 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) as a polar solvent, and therefore inhibits so-called Cu or Mo, Al regardless of whether or not a secondary amine is contained. Corrosion of metal.

此外,在本發明之阻劑剝離液,使用高沸點之二級胺,因此,可以在使用後,進行再循環利用。 Further, in the resist stripping liquid of the present invention, a high-boiling secondary amine is used, and therefore, it can be recycled after use.

此外,本發明之阻劑剝離液係具有良好之液浴壽命,即使是在大氣開放狀態,放置12小時以上,即使是進行4日之密閉保存,也無改變阻劑剝離能力。Further, the resist stripping liquid of the present invention has a good bath life, and even if it is left in the open state for 12 hours or more, the resist stripping ability is not changed even if it is sealed for 4 days.

1‧‧‧基板 1‧‧‧Substrate

2‧‧‧膜部 2‧‧‧Mouth Department

3‧‧‧基底層 3‧‧‧ basal layer

4‧‧‧(膜部之)表面 4‧‧‧ (film part) surface

5‧‧‧錐形角 5‧‧‧ cone angle

10‧‧‧(基底之Mo層和Cu層之間之)間隙 10‧‧‧(between the Mo layer and the Cu layer of the substrate)

圖1係說明Cu/Mo層積膜之錐形角和Mo下切之圖。 Fig. 1 is a view showing the taper angle of the Cu/Mo laminated film and the undercut of Mo.

在以下,就本發明之阻劑剝離液而進行說明。此外,以下之說明係顯示本發明之光阻劑剝離液之某一實施形態,可以在無脫離本發明之主旨之範圍內,改變以下之實施形態及實施例。此外,在本說明書,使用於表示範圍之際之「以上」和「以下」係所謂「包含其值而較大」和「包含其值而較小」之意義,並且,「未滿」係所謂「不包含其值而較小」之意義。 Hereinafter, the resist stripping liquid of the present invention will be described. In addition, the following description shows an embodiment of the photoresist stripping liquid of the present invention, and the following embodiments and examples can be changed without departing from the spirit of the invention. In addition, in the present specification, the terms "above" and "below" when used in the scope of the expression mean the meaning of "including the value is larger" and "including the value is smaller", and "underfill" is the so-called The meaning of "not including its value and being small".

本發明之阻劑剝離液之所剝離之阻劑膜係假定為正型阻劑。在正型阻劑,包含作為樹脂之酚醛系樹脂,使用二偶氮基萘醌(DNQ)化合物,來作為感光劑。在進行蝕刻之狀態下,在基板上,形成阻劑膜,透過圖案而進行曝光。 The peeling resist film of the resist stripping solution of the present invention is assumed to be a positive resist. In the positive resist, a phenolic resin as a resin is used, and a diazo naphthoquinone (DNQ) compound is used as a sensitizer. In the state where etching is performed, a resist film is formed on the substrate, and the pattern is exposed to light.

藉由該曝光而改變DNQ化合物,成為茚乙烯酮。在茚乙烯酮會合於水之時,變成為茚羧酸而溶解於水。酚醛系樹脂係原本具有溶解於鹼溶液之性質,藉由DNQ化合物而保護溶解點。DNQ化合物係藉由以曝光,來進行變質,溶解於包含水之顯影液,而也溶出酚醛阻劑。像這樣而完成阻劑膜之圖案化。 The DNQ compound was changed by this exposure to become ketene. When the ketene is combined with water, it becomes a hydrazine carboxylic acid and is dissolved in water. The phenolic resin originally has a property of being dissolved in an alkali solution, and the dissolution point is protected by the DNQ compound. The DNQ compound is degraded by exposure, dissolved in a developing solution containing water, and a phenolic resist is also eluted. Patterning of the resist film is completed as such.

藉由阻劑膜而完成圖案化之基板係經過事後烘烤而施行濕式蝕刻或者是乾式蝕刻處理。事後烘烤係為了進行某種程度之阻劑膜中之酚醛樹脂和DNQ化合物之聚合來進行。通常在140℃,進行5分鐘左右之加熱處理。在本說明書,所謂硬化烘烤係指在170℃、30分鐘以上之加熱條件。酚醛樹脂和DNQ化合物係在烘烤溫度呈上升時,急速地進行聚合而牢固地固合於基底之金屬膜,不容易進行溶解。本發明之阻劑剝離液係也以經過像這樣之硬化烘烤之阻劑膜,來作為對象。 The substrate which is patterned by the resist film is subjected to post-baking to perform wet etching or dry etching. The post-baking is carried out in order to carry out polymerization of a phenolic resin and a DNQ compound in a certain resist film. The heat treatment is usually carried out at 140 ° C for about 5 minutes. In the present specification, the term "hardening baking" means heating at 170 ° C for 30 minutes or longer. When the baking temperature is raised, the phenol resin and the DNQ compound are rapidly polymerized and firmly adhered to the metal film of the substrate, and are not easily dissolved. The resist stripping liquid of the present invention is also targeted by a resist film which is hardened and baked like this.

本發明之阻劑剝離液係包含二級胺、極性溶媒和還原劑。作為二級胺係沸點高於水,並且,無共沸於水為佳。因為在再循環剝離液之際,分離於水之緣故。作為此種者係可以適度地利用N-甲基乙醇胺(在以後,也稱為「MMA」。沸點為155℃。CAS編號109-83-1)、N-乙基乙醇胺(在以後,也稱為「EEA」。沸點為170℃。CAS編號110-73-6)。這些係可以進行混合。 The resist stripping solution of the present invention comprises a secondary amine, a polar solvent and a reducing agent. As the secondary amine, the boiling point is higher than that of water, and it is preferred that no azeotrope is present in the water. Because it is separated from water at the time of recycling the stripping solution. As such a system, N-methylethanolamine (hereinafter, also referred to as "MMA", boiling point of 155 ° C. CAS No. 109-83-1), N-ethylethanolamine (hereinafter, also referred to as "MMA") It is "EEA" and has a boiling point of 170 ° C. CAS No. 110-73-6). These lines can be mixed.

此外,該等相對於剝離液之全量,以0.5質量%以上、9.0質量%以下為佳,以1.0質量%以上、8.0質量%以下更佳,以2.0質量%以上、7.0質量%以下最佳。在二級胺變少時,無法剝離硬化烘烤之阻劑膜。另一方面,在過度多之時,金屬損傷會變大。此外,作為性能係確認即使含有9.0質量%,不會對所要求之性能發生問題。 In addition, the total amount of the peeling liquid is preferably 0.5% by mass or more and 9.0% by mass or less, more preferably 1.0% by mass or more and 8.0% by mass or less, and most preferably 2.0% by mass or more and 7.0% by mass or less. When the secondary amine is reduced, the hardening baked resist film cannot be peeled off. On the other hand, when there is too much, the metal damage will become large. Further, as a performance, it was confirmed that even if it contained 9.0% by mass, there was no problem with the required performance.

作為極性溶媒,只要是與水具有親和性的有機溶媒(也稱為水溶性有機溶媒。)即可。此外,如果和前述之二級胺之間之混合性呈良好的話,則更加適合。 The polar solvent may be any organic solvent (also referred to as a water-soluble organic solvent) having affinity with water. Further, it is more suitable if the mixing property with the aforementioned secondary amine is good.

作為此種水溶性有機溶媒係可以適合利用1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(在以後,也稱為「DMI」。CAS編號80-73-9)。極性溶媒係藉由水溶性有機溶媒和水而構成。 As such a water-soluble organic solvent system, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (hereinafter also referred to as "DMI". CAS No. 80-73-9) can be suitably used. The polar solvent is composed of a water-soluble organic solvent and water.

作為極性溶媒係相對於剝離液之全量而除去二級胺和後面敘述之還原劑量之量。具體地係90.60質量%以上、99.47質量%以下。 The amount of the secondary amine and the reducing dose described later is removed as the polar solvent based on the total amount of the stripping solution. Specifically, it is 90.60% by mass or more and 99.47% by mass or less.

在極性溶媒中之各種材料,有以下之理想範圍。首先,水係相對於阻劑剝離液之全量而適合為10.0質量%以上、未滿31.0質量%為佳。因為在水過度多之時,在金屬膜 為Al之狀態下,發生所謂腐蝕Al之問題。1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI)係可以成為極性溶媒之殘餘。1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI)係僅藉由這樣而安定聯胺,緩和二級胺和聯胺對於金屬膜之表面及斷面之損傷。 The various materials in the polar solvent have the following desirable ranges. First, the water system is preferably 10.0% by mass or more and less than 31.0% by mass based on the total amount of the resist stripping liquid. Because in the case of excessive water, in the metal film In the state of Al, a problem called corrosion Al occurs. The 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) system can be a residue of a polar solvent. The 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) merely stabilizes the hydrazine by this, and alleviates the damage of the surface and the cross section of the metal film by the secondary amine and the hydrazine.

作為添加劑係可以適合利用還原劑之聯胺(在以後,也記載為「HN」。CAS編號302-01-2)。還原劑之添加係抑制由於二級胺而造成之Mo下切。還原劑係相對於阻劑剝離液之全量以0.03質量%以上、0.4質量%以下之範圍為佳。以0.06質量%以上、0.2質量%以下之範圍更佳。此外,由安全地處理之觀點來看的話,則聯胺係可以使用水合物(聯胺-水合物:記載為「HN.H2O」。)。 As the additive, a hydrazine of a reducing agent (hereinafter also referred to as "HN". CAS No. 302-01-2) can be suitably used. The addition of a reducing agent inhibits the undercut of Mo due to the secondary amine. The reducing agent is preferably in a range of 0.03 mass% or more and 0.4 mass% or less based on the total amount of the resist stripper. The range of 0.06 mass% or more and 0.2 mass% or less is more preferable. Further, from the viewpoint of safe treatment, a hydrate (a hydrazine-hydrate: "HN.H 2 O") can be used as the hydrazine.

實施例 Example

在以下,顯示本發明之阻劑剝離液之實施例及比較例。阻劑剝離液係就「阻劑剝離性」、「金屬膜之腐蝕性」和「液浴壽命」之三方面而進行評價。 Hereinafter, examples and comparative examples of the resist stripping liquid of the present invention are shown. The resist stripping solution was evaluated in terms of "resistance peelability", "corrosion of metal film", and "liquid bath life".

<阻劑剝離性> <Resistance stripping>

在矽基板上,形成100nm之矽之熱氧化膜,在矽之熱氧化膜上,藉由濺鍍法而形成300nm厚度之銅膜。在該銅膜上,藉由旋轉塗佈而塗佈正型阻劑液,製作阻劑膜。在乾燥阻劑膜之後,使用配線圖案之遮罩而進行曝光。接著,藉由顯影液而除去感光之部分之阻劑。也就是說,成為在銅膜上而殘留配線圖案之阻劑膜之部分以及具有露出銅膜之部分之狀態。然後,在170℃,對於矽基板之整體,進行30分鐘之事後烘烤。 On the tantalum substrate, a thermal oxide film of 100 nm was formed, and a copper film having a thickness of 300 nm was formed on the thermal oxide film of tantalum by sputtering. On the copper film, a positive resist liquid was applied by spin coating to form a resist film. After the resist film is dried, exposure is performed using a mask of the wiring pattern. Next, the photosensitive portion of the resist is removed by the developer. In other words, it is a portion of the resist film that remains on the copper film and has a portion in which the copper film is exposed. Then, at 170 ° C, the entire substrate was subjected to post-baking for 30 minutes.

接著,使用水解系之銅蝕刻劑,蝕刻及除去露出之銅膜。在結束銅膜之蝕刻後,使用樣本阻劑剝離液而剝離殘餘之銅圖案上之阻劑膜。剝離用之處理時間為15分鐘,測定直到剝離為止之時間。藉由以是否可以剝離之光學顯微鏡,來施加干涉,同時,進行觀察,而進行判斷。 Next, the exposed copper film is etched and removed using a hydrolyzed copper etchant. After the etching of the copper film is finished, the resist film of the residual copper pattern is peeled off using the sample resist stripper. The treatment time for peeling was 15 minutes, and the time until peeling was measured. The interference is applied by an optical microscope that can be peeled off, and observation is performed at the same time.

在即使是經過15分鐘也在銅膜上而確認阻劑膜之殘餘之狀態下,成為「×」(叉.不良),在確認無阻劑膜之殘餘之狀態下,成為「○」(圓.良好)。在該狀態下,也記錄剝離之完成時間。此外,「○」(圓.良好)係表示成功或合格,「×」(叉.不良)係表示失敗或不合格。即使是在以下之評價,也是相同。 In the state where the residue of the resist film is confirmed on the copper film even after 15 minutes, it is "x" (poor.), and in the state where the residue of the non-resist film is confirmed, it becomes "○" (circle. good). In this state, the completion time of the peeling is also recorded. In addition, "○" (circle. good) indicates success or pass, and "x" (fork. bad) indicates failure or failure. Even in the following evaluations, the same.

<金屬膜之腐蝕性>  <Corrosion of metal film>  

金屬膜之腐蝕性係正如以下而進行評價。首先,在矽基板上,形成100nm厚度之矽之熱氧化膜。接著,在矽基板上之矽之熱氧化膜上,以20nm之厚度,形成鉬膜,在其上面,接著以300nm之厚度,形成銅膜,製作Cu/Mo之層積膜樣本。這個係記載為「Cu/Mo」。此外,在矽基板上之矽之熱氧化膜上,以300nm之厚度,形成鋁膜,製作鋁膜樣本。這個係記載為「Al」。 The corrosiveness of the metal film was evaluated as follows. First, a thermal oxide film having a thickness of 100 nm was formed on the tantalum substrate. Next, a molybdenum film was formed on the tantalum thermal oxide film on the tantalum substrate at a thickness of 20 nm, and a copper film was formed thereon at a thickness of 300 nm to prepare a Cu/Mo laminated film sample. This system is described as "Cu/Mo". Further, an aluminum film was formed on the thermal oxide film of tantalum on the tantalum substrate at a thickness of 300 nm to prepare an aluminum film sample. This department is described as "Al".

在這些評價樣本上,形成呈配線形狀地進行圖案化之阻劑,成為腐蝕性評價用之基材。也就是說,腐蝕性評價用之基材係由形成於矽基板上之矽之熱氧化膜上之Cu/Mo膜和Al膜之其中任何一層以及在其上面呈配線形狀地形成之阻劑層而組成。 On these evaluation samples, a resist which was patterned in a wiring shape was formed, and it became a base material for corrosion evaluation. That is, the substrate for corrosion evaluation is any one of a Cu/Mo film and an Al film formed on a thermal oxide film of tantalum formed on a tantalum substrate, and a resist layer formed in a wiring shape thereon. And composed.

在銅膜用或鋁膜用之蝕刻劑,以進行適量蝕刻之 時間,來浸漬這些腐蝕性評價用之基材,進行蝕刻。然後,在樣本阻劑剝離液,浸漬在蝕刻後之腐蝕性評價用之基材4分鐘,剝離阻劑膜。將在樣本阻劑剝離液來浸漬4分鐘之腐蝕性評價用之基材,予以洗淨,在進行乾燥後,觀察膜表面。此外,切斷配線部分,觀察切斷面。 The substrate for corrosion evaluation is immersed in an etching agent for a copper film or an aluminum film at an appropriate amount of etching time for etching. Then, the sample resist stripping solution was immersed in the substrate for corrosion evaluation after etching for 4 minutes to peel off the resist film. The substrate for corrosion evaluation was immersed in the sample resist stripping solution for 4 minutes, washed, and after drying, the surface of the film was observed. Further, the wiring portion was cut and the cut surface was observed.

此外,適量蝕刻之判斷係從蝕刻開始到可以目視確認矽之熱氧化膜之時間點。 Further, the judgment of the appropriate amount of etching is from the start of etching to the point in time at which the thermal oxide film of the crucible can be visually confirmed.

膜表面及切斷面之觀測係使用SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope:掃描式電子顯微鏡)(日立公司製:SU8020型),藉由加速電壓1kV、30,000~50,000倍之條件而進行觀測。 The observation of the film surface and the cut surface was carried out by using an SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) (SU8020 type manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) under the conditions of an acceleration voltage of 1 kV and 30,000 to 50,000 times.

在圖1,顯示切斷面形狀之概念圖。在圖1(a),顯示「Al」之狀態下之切斷面狀態。適量蝕刻之部分之切斷面形狀係形成相對於基板1而成為大約30°乃至60°之角度之錐形角5。膜部2係Al膜。 In Fig. 1, a conceptual diagram of the shape of the cut surface is shown. In Fig. 1(a), the state of the cut surface in the state of "Al" is displayed. The shape of the cut surface of the portion which is appropriately etched is formed into a taper angle 5 which is an angle of about 30 or even 60 with respect to the substrate 1. The film portion 2 is an Al film.

在圖1(b),顯示「Cu/Mo」之狀態。「Cu/Mo」之狀態係至少上層之膜部2(Cu)具有錐形角5。基底層3(Mo)係最好是沿著膜部2之錐形面6而進行蝕刻。但是,正如圖1(b)所示,可以由膜部2開始有蝕刻之殘餘。 In Fig. 1(b), the state of "Cu/Mo" is displayed. The state of "Cu/Mo" is that at least the film portion 2 (Cu) of the upper layer has a taper angle of 5. The base layer 3 (Mo) is preferably etched along the tapered surface 6 of the film portion 2. However, as shown in Fig. 1(b), the etching residue can be started from the film portion 2.

腐蝕性之評價係在藉由該斷面形狀之觀察而在膜部2或膜部2之表面4或者是基底層3之任何一種來確認腐蝕之狀態下,判斷為叉.不良(×),在無觀測到腐蝕之狀態下,判斷為圓.良好(○)。 The evaluation of the corrosivity is judged to be a fork in the state where the corrosion of the film portion 2, the surface 4 of the film portion 2, or the base layer 3 is confirmed by observation of the cross-sectional shape. Bad (×), judged to be round in the state where no corrosion is observed. Good (○).

特別是在「Cu/Mo」之狀態下,正如圖1(c)所 示,有在基底層3(Mo)和膜部2(Cu)之間而發生腐蝕之狀態產生。也就是說,由膜部2和基底層3之界面開始溶解基底層3之Mo,呈選擇性地使得Mo(基底層3)比起銅層(膜部2),還更加迅速地進行蝕刻。因此,在基底層3和膜部2之間可以確認有間隙10之狀態下,評價成為叉.不良(×)。 In particular, in the state of "Cu/Mo", as shown in Fig. 1(c), corrosion occurs between the underlayer 3 (Mo) and the film portion 2 (Cu). That is, Mo which dissolves the underlying layer 3 from the interface between the film portion 2 and the underlying layer 3 selectively causes Mo (base layer 3) to be etched more rapidly than the copper layer (film portion 2). Therefore, in the state where the gap 10 can be confirmed between the base layer 3 and the film portion 2, the evaluation becomes a fork. Bad (×).

<液浴壽命>  <Liquid bath life>  

阻劑剝離液係胺、有機溶劑和所謂還原劑之材料之混合組成物。空氣中之二氧化碳係溶解於剝離液中,成為碳酸.重碳酸離子,或者是反應於胺,生成甲酸胺離子,結果,降低剝離力,或者是增大金屬損傷。 The resist stripping liquid is a mixed composition of a material of an amine, an organic solvent, and a so-called reducing agent. The carbon dioxide in the air is dissolved in the stripping solution and becomes carbonic acid. Heavy carbonate ions, or react with amines to form formic acid amine ions, as a result, reduce peeling force, or increase metal damage.

特別是在大規模之工廠,大量之阻劑剝離液在大氣開放環境中使用。此外,阻劑剝離液循環地使用,因此,阻劑剝離液與空氣會合之機會變多。因此,在液浴壽命變短時,必須頻繁地替換阻劑剝離液或者是進行補充。 Especially in large-scale factories, a large number of resist strippers are used in an open atmosphere. Further, the resist stripping liquid is used cyclically, and therefore, the chance of the resist stripping liquid meeting with the air becomes large. Therefore, when the bath life becomes short, the resist stripping liquid must be frequently replaced or replenished.

作為試驗方法係在調製各阻劑剝離液之後,在常溫大氣中環境下放置0小時、6小時、12小時之時間,進行阻劑剝離性之試驗,藉由SEM而觀察「Cu/Mo」和「Al」之表面及斷面狀態。評價方法與<阻劑剝離性>和<金屬之腐蝕性>的情況相同。 As a test method, after the respective resist stripping liquids were prepared, they were allowed to stand for 0 hours, 6 hours, and 12 hours in a normal temperature atmosphere, and a resist stripping test was performed to observe "Cu/Mo" by SEM. The surface and cross-section of "Al". The evaluation method is the same as the case of <resist stripping property> and <corrosion of metal>.

此外,阻劑剝離液係放入至容器搬入。但是,如果是無法在常溫而保存於容器的話,則在工廠之操作適用性係極為惡劣。於是,也藉由密閉常溫保存成分之變化,來進行調查。 In addition, the resist stripping solution is placed in a container for carrying in. However, if it is not stored in a container at normal temperature, the operational suitability at the factory is extremely poor. Therefore, the investigation is also carried out by changing the components stored in the sealed room temperature.

評價方法係放入至密閉容器,在常溫,放置4日,測定聯胺之安定性。比較在調製聯胺之即刻後,減少1%以上之狀態為「×」,如果是未滿1%的話,則成為「○」。 The evaluation method was placed in a closed container and allowed to stand at room temperature for 4 days to determine the stability of the hydrazine. When the hydrazine is prepared, the state in which the hydrazine is reduced is 1% or more is "x", and if it is less than 1%, it is "○".

<樣本阻劑剝離液> <sample resist stripping solution>

藉由以下之要領而調製樣本阻劑剝離液。 The sample resist stripper was prepared by the following method.

(實施例1) (Example 1)

使用N-甲基乙醇胺(N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA):5.0質量%),來作為二級胺。極性溶媒係混合水和1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI):74.9質量%、水:20.0質量%)。使用聯胺作為還原劑(聯胺-水合物(HN.H2O):0.1質量%)。混合及攪拌以上而成為實施例1之樣本阻劑剝離液。 N-methylethanolamine (N-methylethanolamine (MMA): 5.0% by mass) was used as a secondary amine. Polar solvent-mixed water and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI): 74.9 mass%, water: 20.0 mass%). A hydrazine was used as a reducing agent (amine-hydrate (HN.H 2 O): 0.1% by mass). The sample resist stripping liquid of Example 1 was mixed and stirred.

此外,聯胺-水合物之0.1質量%係相當於聯胺之0.064質量%。聯胺-水合物之殘餘之0.036質量%部分係水。因此,前述水之組成比包含作為聯胺-水合物投入之部分,則可說是20.036質量%。在以下全部之實施例和比較例,使用聯胺-水合物之狀態係相同之意義。 Further, 0.1% by mass of the hydrazine-hydrate corresponds to 0.064% by mass of the hydrazine. The 0.036% by mass of the residue of the hydrazine-hydrate is water. Therefore, the composition ratio of the water described above is included as a portion of the hydrazine-hydrate input, and it can be said to be 20.036% by mass. In all of the following examples and comparative examples, the state in which the hydrazine-hydrate is used is the same.

(實施例2) (Example 2)

使用N-乙基乙醇胺(N-乙基乙醇胺(EEA):5.0質量%),來作為二級胺。極性溶媒係混合水和1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI):74.9質量%、水:20.0質量%)。使用聯胺作為還原劑(聯胺-水合物(HN.H2O):0.1質量%)。混合及攪拌以上而成為實施例2之樣本阻劑剝離液。 N-ethylethanolamine (N-ethylethanolamine (EEA): 5.0% by mass) was used as a secondary amine. Polar solvent-mixed water and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI): 74.9 mass%, water: 20.0 mass%). A hydrazine was used as a reducing agent (amine-hydrate (HN.H 2 O): 0.1% by mass). The sample resist stripping liquid of Example 2 was mixed and stirred.

實施例2係改變作為實施例1之二級胺之N-甲基 乙醇胺(MMA)而成為N-乙基乙醇胺(EEA)之組成。此外,聯胺-水合物之0.1質量%係相當於聯胺之0.064質量%。聯胺-水合物之殘餘之0.036質量%部分係水。因此,前述水之組成比包含作為聯胺-水合物投入之部分,則可說是20.036質量%。 Example 2 is to change the N-methyl group as the secondary amine of Example 1. Ethanolamine (MMA) is a component of N-ethylethanolamine (EEA). Further, 0.1% by mass of the hydrazine-hydrate corresponds to 0.064% by mass of the hydrazine. The 0.036% by mass of the residue of the hydrazine-hydrate is water. Therefore, the composition ratio of the water described above is included as a portion of the hydrazine-hydrate input, and it can be said to be 20.036% by mass.

(實施例3) (Example 3)

使用N-甲基乙醇胺(N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA):5.0質量%),來作為二級胺。極性溶媒係混合水和1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI):70.9質量%、水:24.0質量%)。使用聯胺作為還原劑(聯胺-水合物(HN.H2O):0.1質量%)。混合及攪拌以上而成為實施例3之樣本阻劑剝離液。 N-methylethanolamine (N-methylethanolamine (MMA): 5.0% by mass) was used as a secondary amine. Polar solvent-mixed water and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI): 70.9% by mass, water: 24.0% by mass). A hydrazine was used as a reducing agent (amine-hydrate (HN.H 2 O): 0.1% by mass). The sample resist stripping solution of Example 3 was mixed and stirred.

實施例3係變更實施例1之極性溶媒之DMI和水之比率之組成。此外,聯胺-水合物之0.1質量%係相當於聯胺之0.064質量%。聯胺-水合物之殘餘之0.036質量%部分係水。因此,前述水之組成比包含作為聯胺-水合物投入之部分,則可說是24.036質量%。 Example 3 is a modification of the composition of the ratio of DMI to water of the polar solvent of Example 1. Further, 0.1% by mass of the hydrazine-hydrate corresponds to 0.064% by mass of the hydrazine. The 0.036% by mass of the residue of the hydrazine-hydrate is water. Therefore, the composition ratio of the water described above is included as a portion of the hydrazine-hydrate input, and it can be said to be 24.036% by mass.

(實施例4) (Example 4)

使用N-甲基乙醇胺(N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA):5.0質量%),來作為二級胺。極性溶媒係混合水和1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI):68.9質量%、水:26.0質量%)。使用聯胺作為還原劑(聯胺-水合物(HN.H2O):0.1質量%)。混合及攪拌以上而成為實施例4之樣本阻劑剝離液。 N-methylethanolamine (N-methylethanolamine (MMA): 5.0% by mass) was used as a secondary amine. Polar solvent-mixed water and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI): 68.9 mass%, water: 26.0 mass%). A hydrazine was used as a reducing agent (amine-hydrate (HN.H 2 O): 0.1% by mass). The sample resist stripping solution of Example 4 was mixed and stirred.

實施例4係變更實施例1之極性溶媒之DMI和水之比率之組成。此外,聯胺-水合物之0.1質量%係相當於聯胺之0.064質量%。聯胺-水合物之殘餘之0.036質量%部分係水。因此,前述水之組成比包含作為聯胺-水合物投入之部分,則可說是26.036質量%。 Example 4 is a modification of the composition of the ratio of DMI to water of the polar solvent of Example 1. Further, 0.1% by mass of the hydrazine-hydrate corresponds to 0.064% by mass of the hydrazine. The 0.036% by mass of the residue of the hydrazine-hydrate is water. Therefore, the composition ratio of the water described above is included as a portion of the hydrazine-hydrate input, and it can be said to be 26.036% by mass.

(實施例5) (Example 5)

使用N-甲基乙醇胺(N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA):5.0質量%),來作為二級胺。極性溶媒係混合水和1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI):66.9質量%、水:28.0質量%)。使用聯胺作為還原劑(聯胺-水合物(HN.H2O):0.1質量%)。混合及攪拌以上而成為實施例5之樣本阻劑剝離液。 N-methylethanolamine (N-methylethanolamine (MMA): 5.0% by mass) was used as a secondary amine. The polar solvent-based mixed water and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI): 66.9 mass%, water: 28.0 mass%). A hydrazine was used as a reducing agent (amine-hydrate (HN.H 2 O): 0.1% by mass). The sample resist stripping solution of Example 5 was mixed and stirred.

實施例5係變更實施例1之極性溶媒之DMI和水之比率之組成。此外,聯胺-水合物之0.1質量%係相當於聯胺之0.064質量%。聯胺-水合物之殘餘之0.036質量%部分係水。因此,前述水之組成比包含作為聯胺-水合物投入之部分,則可說是28.036質量%。 Example 5 is a modification of the composition of the ratio of DMI to water of the polar solvent of Example 1. Further, 0.1% by mass of the hydrazine-hydrate corresponds to 0.064% by mass of the hydrazine. The 0.036% by mass of the residue of the hydrazine-hydrate is water. Therefore, the composition ratio of the water described above is included as a portion of the hydrazine-hydrate input, and it can be said to be 28.036% by mass.

(實施例6) (Example 6)

使用N-甲基乙醇胺(N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA):2.0質量%),來作為二級胺。極性溶媒係混合水和1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI):73.9質量%、水:24.0質量%)。使用聯胺作為還原劑(聯胺-水合物(HN.H2O):0.1質量%)。混合及攪拌以上而成為實施例6之樣本阻劑剝離液。 N-methylethanolamine (N-methylethanolamine (MMA): 2.0% by mass) was used as a secondary amine. The polar solvent-based mixed water and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI): 73.9 mass%, water: 24.0 mass%). A hydrazine was used as a reducing agent (amine-hydrate (HN.H 2 O): 0.1% by mass). The sample resist stripping solution of Example 6 was mixed and stirred.

實施例6係減少實施例1之二級胺量之組成。此外,聯胺-水合物之0.1質量%係相當於聯胺之0.064質量%。聯胺-水合物之殘餘之0.036質量%部分係水。因此,前述水之組成比包含作為聯胺-水合物投入之部分,則可說是24.036質量%。 Example 6 is a composition which reduces the amount of the secondary amine of Example 1. Further, 0.1% by mass of the hydrazine-hydrate corresponds to 0.064% by mass of the hydrazine. The 0.036% by mass of the residue of the hydrazine-hydrate is water. Therefore, the composition ratio of the water described above is included as a portion of the hydrazine-hydrate input, and it can be said to be 24.036% by mass.

(實施例7) (Example 7)

使用N-甲基乙醇胺(N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA):3.0質量%),來作為二級胺。極性溶媒係混合水和1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI):72.9質量%、水:24.0質量%)。使用聯胺作為還原劑(聯胺-水合物(HN.H2O):0.1質量%)。混合及攪拌以上而成為實施例7之樣本阻劑剝離液。 N-methylethanolamine (N-methylethanolamine (MMA): 3.0% by mass) was used as a secondary amine. Polar solvent-mixed water and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI): 72.9% by mass, water: 24.0% by mass). A hydrazine was used as a reducing agent (amine-hydrate (HN.H 2 O): 0.1% by mass). The sample resist stripping solution of Example 7 was mixed and stirred.

實施例7係減少實施例1之二級胺量之組成。此外,聯胺-水合物之0.1質量%係相當於聯胺之0.064質量%。聯胺-水合物之殘餘之0.036質量%部分係水。因此,前述水之組成比包含作為聯胺-水合物投入之部分,則可說是24.036質量%。 Example 7 is a composition which reduces the amount of the secondary amine of Example 1. Further, 0.1% by mass of the hydrazine-hydrate corresponds to 0.064% by mass of the hydrazine. The 0.036% by mass of the residue of the hydrazine-hydrate is water. Therefore, the composition ratio of the water described above is included as a portion of the hydrazine-hydrate input, and it can be said to be 24.036% by mass.

(實施例8) (Example 8)

使用N-甲基乙醇胺(N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA):4.0質量%),來作為二級胺。極性溶媒係混合水和1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI):71.9質量%、水:24.0質量%)。使用聯胺作為還原劑(聯胺-水合物(HN.H2O):0.1質量%)。混合及攪拌以上而成為實施例8之樣本阻劑剝離液。 N-methylethanolamine (N-methylethanolamine (MMA): 4.0% by mass) was used as a secondary amine. Polar solvent-mixed water and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI): 71.9% by mass, water: 24.0% by mass). A hydrazine was used as a reducing agent (amine-hydrate (HN.H 2 O): 0.1% by mass). The sample resist stripping solution of Example 8 was mixed and stirred.

實施例8係減少實施例1之二級胺量之組成。此外,聯胺-水合物之0.1質量%係相當於聯胺之0.064質量%。聯胺-水合物之殘餘之0.036質量%部分係水。因此,前述水之組成比包含作為聯胺-水合物投入之部分,則可說是24.036質量%。 Example 8 is a reduction in the composition of the amount of the secondary amine of Example 1. Further, 0.1% by mass of the hydrazine-hydrate corresponds to 0.064% by mass of the hydrazine. The 0.036% by mass of the residue of the hydrazine-hydrate is water. Therefore, the composition ratio of the water described above is included as a portion of the hydrazine-hydrate input, and it can be said to be 24.036% by mass.

(實施例9) (Example 9)

使用N-甲基乙醇胺(N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA):5.0質量%),來作為二級胺。極性溶媒係混合水和1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI):70.9質量%、水:24.0質量%)。使用聯胺作為還原劑(聯胺-水合物(HN.H2O):0.1質量%)。混合及攪拌以上而成為實施例9之樣本阻劑剝離液。 N-methylethanolamine (N-methylethanolamine (MMA): 5.0% by mass) was used as a secondary amine. Polar solvent-mixed water and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI): 70.9% by mass, water: 24.0% by mass). A hydrazine was used as a reducing agent (amine-hydrate (HN.H 2 O): 0.1% by mass). The sample resist stripping solution of Example 9 was mixed and stirred.

實施例9係相同於實施例1之二級胺量之相同量之組成。但是,和實施例1之水量呈不同。此外,聯胺-水合物之0.1質量%係相當於聯胺之0.064質量%。聯胺-水合物之殘餘之0.036質量%部分係水。因此,前述水之組成比包含作為聯胺-水合物投入之部分,則可說是24.036質量%。 Example 9 is the same amount of composition as the amount of the secondary amine of Example 1. However, it differs from the amount of water of Example 1. Further, 0.1% by mass of the hydrazine-hydrate corresponds to 0.064% by mass of the hydrazine. The 0.036% by mass of the residue of the hydrazine-hydrate is water. Therefore, the composition ratio of the water described above is included as a portion of the hydrazine-hydrate input, and it can be said to be 24.036% by mass.

(實施例10) (Embodiment 10)

使用N-甲基乙醇胺(N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA):6.0質量%),來作為二級胺。極性溶媒係混合水和1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI):69.9質量%、水:24.0質量%)。使用聯胺作為還原劑(聯胺-水合物(HN.H2O):0.1質量%)。混合及攪拌以上而成為實施例10之樣本阻劑剝離液。 N-methylethanolamine (N-methylethanolamine (MMA): 6.0% by mass) was used as a secondary amine. The polar solvent-based mixed water and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI): 69.9 mass%, water: 24.0 mass%). A hydrazine was used as a reducing agent (amine-hydrate (HN.H 2 O): 0.1% by mass). The sample resist stripping solution of Example 10 was mixed and stirred.

實施例10係增加實施例1之二級胺量之組成。此外,聯胺-水合物之0.1質量%係相當於聯胺之0.064質量%。聯胺-水合物之殘餘之0.036質量%部分係水。因此,前述水之組成比包含作為聯胺-水合物投入之部分,則可說是24.036質量%。 Example 10 is an increase in the composition of the amount of the secondary amine of Example 1. Further, 0.1% by mass of the hydrazine-hydrate corresponds to 0.064% by mass of the hydrazine. The 0.036% by mass of the residue of the hydrazine-hydrate is water. Therefore, the composition ratio of the water described above is included as a portion of the hydrazine-hydrate input, and it can be said to be 24.036% by mass.

(實施例11) (Example 11)

使用N-甲基乙醇胺(N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA):7.0質量%),來作為二級胺。極性溶媒係混合水和1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI):68.9質量%、水:24.0質量%)。使用聯胺作為還原劑(聯胺-水合物(HN.H2O):0.1質量%)。混合及攪拌以上而成為實施例11之樣本阻劑剝離液。 N-methylethanolamine (N-methylethanolamine (MMA): 7.0% by mass) was used as a secondary amine. The polar solvent-based mixed water and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI): 68.9 mass%, water: 24.0 mass%). A hydrazine was used as a reducing agent (amine-hydrate (HN.H 2 O): 0.1% by mass). The sample resist stripping solution of Example 11 was mixed and stirred.

實施例11係增加實施例1之二級胺量之組成。此外,聯胺-水合物之0.1質量%係相當於聯胺之0.064質量%。聯胺-水合物之殘餘之0.036質量%部分係水。因此,前述水之組成比包含作為聯胺-水合物投入之部分,則可說是24.036質量%。 Example 11 is an increase in the composition of the amount of the secondary amine of Example 1. Further, 0.1% by mass of the hydrazine-hydrate corresponds to 0.064% by mass of the hydrazine. The 0.036% by mass of the residue of the hydrazine-hydrate is water. Therefore, the composition ratio of the water described above is included as a portion of the hydrazine-hydrate input, and it can be said to be 24.036% by mass.

(比較例1) (Comparative Example 1)

使用N-甲基乙醇胺(N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA):5.0質量%),來作為二級胺。極性溶媒係混合水和N-甲基甲醯胺(N-甲基甲醯胺(NMF:CAS編號123-39-7):74.9質量%、水:20.0質量%)。使用聯胺作為還原劑(聯胺-水合物(HN.H2O):0.1質量%)。混合及攪拌以上而成為比較例1之樣本阻劑剝離液。 N-methylethanolamine (N-methylethanolamine (MMA): 5.0% by mass) was used as a secondary amine. The polar solvent-based mixed water and N-methylformamide (N-methylformamide (NMF: CAS No. 123-39-7): 74.9 mass%, water: 20.0 mass%). A hydrazine was used as a reducing agent (amine-hydrate (HN.H 2 O): 0.1% by mass). The sample resist stripping liquid of Comparative Example 1 was mixed and stirred.

比較例1係改變實施例1之極性溶媒之1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI)而成為N-甲基甲醯胺(NMF)之組成。此外,聯胺-水合物之0.1質量%係相當於聯胺之0.064質量%。聯胺-水合物之殘餘之0.036質量%部分係水。因此,前述水之組成比包含作為聯胺-水合物投入之部分,則可說是20.036質量%。 Comparative Example 1 was changed to the composition of N-methylformamide (NMF) by changing the 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) of the polar solvent of Example 1. Further, 0.1% by mass of the hydrazine-hydrate corresponds to 0.064% by mass of the hydrazine. The 0.036% by mass of the residue of the hydrazine-hydrate is water. Therefore, the composition ratio of the water described above is included as a portion of the hydrazine-hydrate input, and it can be said to be 20.036% by mass.

(比較例2) (Comparative Example 2)

使用N-甲基乙醇胺(N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA):5.0質量%),來作為二級胺。極性溶媒係混合水和N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(DMF:CAS編號68-12-2):74.9質量%、水:20.0質量%)。使用聯胺作為還原劑(聯胺-水合物(HN.H2O):0.1質量%)。混合及攪拌以上而成為比較例2之樣本阻劑剝離液。 N-methylethanolamine (N-methylethanolamine (MMA): 5.0% by mass) was used as a secondary amine. The polar solvent-based mixed water and N,N-dimethylformamide (N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF: CAS No. 68-12-2): 74.9 mass%, water: 20.0 mass%). A hydrazine was used as a reducing agent (amine-hydrate (HN.H 2 O): 0.1% by mass). The sample resist stripping liquid of Comparative Example 2 was mixed and stirred.

比較例2係改變實施例1之極性溶媒之1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI)而成為N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)之組成。此外,聯胺-水合物之0.1質量%係相當於聯胺之0.064質量%。聯胺-水合物之殘餘之0.036質量%部分係水。因此,前述水之組成比包含作為聯胺-水合物投入之部分,則可說是20.036質量%。 Comparative Example 2 was changed to the composition of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) by changing the 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) of the polar solvent of Example 1. Further, 0.1% by mass of the hydrazine-hydrate corresponds to 0.064% by mass of the hydrazine. The 0.036% by mass of the residue of the hydrazine-hydrate is water. Therefore, the composition ratio of the water described above is included as a portion of the hydrazine-hydrate input, and it can be said to be 20.036% by mass.

(比較例3) (Comparative Example 3)

使用N-甲基乙醇胺(N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA):5.0質量%),來作為二級胺。極性溶媒係混合水和2-吡咯烷酮(2-吡咯烷酮(2P:CAS編號616-45-5):74.9質量%、水:20.0質量%)。使用聯胺作為還原劑(聯胺-水合物(HN. H2O):0.1質量%)。混合及攪拌以上而成為比較例3之樣本阻劑剝離液。 N-methylethanolamine (N-methylethanolamine (MMA): 5.0% by mass) was used as a secondary amine. The polar solvent-based mixed water and 2-pyrrolidone (2-pyrrolidone (2P: CAS No. 616-45-5): 74.9 mass%, water: 20.0 mass%). A hydrazine was used as a reducing agent (amine-hydrate (HN.H 2 O): 0.1% by mass). The sample resist peeling liquid of Comparative Example 3 was mixed and stirred.

比較例3係改變實施例1之極性溶媒之1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI)而成為2-吡咯烷酮(2P)之組成。此外,聯胺-水合物之0.1質量%係相當於聯胺之0.064質量%。聯胺-水合物之殘餘之0.036質量%部分係水。因此,前述水之組成比包含作為聯胺-水合物投入之部分,則可說是20.036質量%。 Comparative Example 3 was changed to the composition of 2-pyrrolidone (2P) by changing the 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) of the polar solvent of Example 1. Further, 0.1% by mass of the hydrazine-hydrate corresponds to 0.064% by mass of the hydrazine. The 0.036% by mass of the residue of the hydrazine-hydrate is water. Therefore, the composition ratio of the water described above is included as a portion of the hydrazine-hydrate input, and it can be said to be 20.036% by mass.

(比較例4) (Comparative Example 4)

使用N-甲基乙醇胺(N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA):5.0質量%),來作為二級胺。極性溶媒係混合水和1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP:CAS編號872-50-4):74.9質量%、水:20.0質量%)。使用聯胺作為還原劑(聯胺-水合物(HN.H2O):0.1質量%)。混合及攪拌以上而成為比較例4之樣本阻劑剝離液。 N-methylethanolamine (N-methylethanolamine (MMA): 5.0% by mass) was used as a secondary amine. The polar solvent-based mixed water and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP: CAS No. 872-50-4): 74.9 mass%, water: 20.0 mass%). A hydrazine was used as a reducing agent (amine-hydrate (HN.H 2 O): 0.1% by mass). The sample resist stripping liquid of Comparative Example 4 was mixed and stirred.

比較例4係改變實施例1之極性溶媒之1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI)而成為1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)之組成。此外,聯胺-水合物之0.1質量%係相當於聯胺之0.064質量%。聯胺-水合物之殘餘之0.036質量%部分係水。因此,前述水之組成比包含作為聯胺-水合物投入之部分,則可說是20.036質量%。 Comparative Example 4 was changed to the composition of 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) by changing the 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) of the polar solvent of Example 1. Further, 0.1% by mass of the hydrazine-hydrate corresponds to 0.064% by mass of the hydrazine. The 0.036% by mass of the residue of the hydrazine-hydrate is water. Therefore, the composition ratio of the water described above is included as a portion of the hydrazine-hydrate input, and it can be said to be 20.036% by mass.

(比較例5) (Comparative Example 5)

使用N-甲基乙醇胺(N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA):5.0質量%),來作為二級胺。極性溶媒係混合水和NEP(1- 乙基-2-吡咯烷酮(NEP:CAS編號2687-91-4):74.9質量%、水:20.0質量%)。使用聯胺作為還原劑(聯胺-水合物(HN.H2O):0.1質量%)。混合及攪拌以上而成為比較例5之樣本阻劑剝離液。 N-methylethanolamine (N-methylethanolamine (MMA): 5.0% by mass) was used as a secondary amine. The polar solvent-based mixed water and NEP (1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone (NEP: CAS No. 2687-91-4): 74.9 mass%, water: 20.0 mass%). A hydrazine was used as a reducing agent (amine-hydrate (HN.H 2 O): 0.1% by mass). The sample resist stripping liquid of Comparative Example 5 was mixed and stirred.

比較例5係改變實施例1之極性溶媒之1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI)而成為1-乙基-2-吡咯烷酮(NEP)之組成。此外,聯胺-水合物之0.1質量%係相當於聯胺之0.064質量%。聯胺-水合物之殘餘之0.036質量%部分係水。因此,前述水之組成比包含作為聯胺-水合物投入之部分,則可說是20.036質量%。 Comparative Example 5 was changed to the composition of 1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone (NEP) by changing the 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) of the polar solvent of Example 1. Further, 0.1% by mass of the hydrazine-hydrate corresponds to 0.064% by mass of the hydrazine. The 0.036% by mass of the residue of the hydrazine-hydrate is water. Therefore, the composition ratio of the water described above is included as a portion of the hydrazine-hydrate input, and it can be said to be 20.036% by mass.

(比較例6) (Comparative Example 6)

使用N-甲基乙醇胺(N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA):5.0質量%),來作為二級胺。極性溶媒係混合水和γ丁內酯(γ丁內酯(GBL:CAS編號96-48-0):74.9質量%、水:20.0質量%)。使用聯胺作為還原劑(聯胺-水合物(HN.H2O):0.1質量%)。混合及攪拌以上而成為比較例6之樣本阻劑剝離液。 N-methylethanolamine (N-methylethanolamine (MMA): 5.0% by mass) was used as a secondary amine. Polar solvent-mixed water and γ-butyrolactone (γ-butyrolactone (GBL: CAS No. 96-48-0): 74.9 mass%, water: 20.0 mass%). A hydrazine was used as a reducing agent (amine-hydrate (HN.H 2 O): 0.1% by mass). The sample resist stripping solution of Comparative Example 6 was mixed and stirred.

比較例6係改變實施例1之極性溶媒之1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI)而成為γ丁內酯(GBL)之組成。此外,聯胺-水合物之0.1質量%係相當於聯胺之0.064質量%。聯胺-水合物之殘餘之0.036質量%部分係水。因此,前述水之組成比包含作為聯胺-水合物投入之部分,則可說是20.036質量%。 Comparative Example 6 was changed to the composition of γ-butyrolactone (GBL) by changing the 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) of the polar solvent of Example 1. Further, 0.1% by mass of the hydrazine-hydrate corresponds to 0.064% by mass of the hydrazine. The 0.036% by mass of the residue of the hydrazine-hydrate is water. Therefore, the composition ratio of the water described above is included as a portion of the hydrazine-hydrate input, and it can be said to be 20.036% by mass.

(比較例7) (Comparative Example 7)

使用N-甲基乙醇胺(N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA):5.0質量%),來作為二級胺。極性溶媒係混合水和碳酸乙烯(碳酸乙烯(EC:CAS編號96-49-1):74.9質量%、水:20.0質量%)。使用聯胺作為還原劑(聯胺-水合物(HN.H2O):0.1質量%)。混合及攪拌以上而成為比較例7之樣本阻劑剝離液。 N-methylethanolamine (N-methylethanolamine (MMA): 5.0% by mass) was used as a secondary amine. The polar solvent-based mixed water and ethylene carbonate (ethylene carbonate (EC: CAS No. 96-49-1): 74.9 mass%, water: 20.0 mass%). A hydrazine was used as a reducing agent (amine-hydrate (HN.H 2 O): 0.1% by mass). The sample resist stripping liquid of Comparative Example 7 was mixed and stirred.

比較例7係改變實施例1之極性溶媒之1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI)而成為碳酸乙烯(EC)之組成。此外,聯胺-水合物之0.1質量%係相當於聯胺之0.064質量%。聯胺-水合物之殘餘之0.036質量%部分係水。因此,前述水之組成比包含作為聯胺-水合物投入之部分,則可說是20.036質量%。 Comparative Example 7 was changed to the composition of ethylene carbonate (EC) by changing the 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) of the polar solvent of Example 1. Further, 0.1% by mass of the hydrazine-hydrate corresponds to 0.064% by mass of the hydrazine. The 0.036% by mass of the residue of the hydrazine-hydrate is water. Therefore, the composition ratio of the water described above is included as a portion of the hydrazine-hydrate input, and it can be said to be 20.036% by mass.

(比較例8) (Comparative Example 8)

使用三級胺之N-甲基二乙醇胺(N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA:CAS編號105-59-9):5.0質量%),來作為胺。極性溶媒係混合水和1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI:74.9質量%、水:20.0質量%)。使用聯胺作為還原劑(聯胺-水合物(HN.H2O):0.1質量%)。混合及攪拌以上而成為比較例8之樣本阻劑剝離液。 N-methyldiethanolamine (N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA: CAS No. 105-59-9): 5.0% by mass) of a tertiary amine was used as the amine. The polar solvent-based mixed water and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI: 74.9 mass%, water: 20.0 mass%). A hydrazine was used as a reducing agent (amine-hydrate (HN.H 2 O): 0.1% by mass). The sample resist stripping solution of Comparative Example 8 was mixed and stirred.

比較例8係改變實施例1之二級胺之N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA)而成為三級胺之N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)之組成。此外,聯胺-水合物之0.1質量%係相當於聯胺之0.064質量%。聯胺-水合物之殘餘之0.036質量%部分係水。因此,前述水之組成比包含作為聯胺-水合物投入之部分,則可說是 20.036質量%。 Comparative Example 8 was a composition in which N-methylethanolamine (MMA) of the secondary amine of Example 1 was changed to become a tertiary amine N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA). Further, 0.1% by mass of the hydrazine-hydrate corresponds to 0.064% by mass of the hydrazine. The 0.036% by mass of the residue of the hydrazine-hydrate is water. Therefore, the composition ratio of the aforementioned water is included as a part of the hydrazine-hydrate input, and it can be said that 20.036% by mass.

(比較例9) (Comparative Example 9)

使用環狀胺之吡咯烷(吡咯烷(PRL:CAS編號123-75-1):1.5質量%),來作為胺。極性溶媒係混合水和DMI(1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI):78.4質量%、水:20.0質量%)。使用聯胺作為還原劑(聯胺-水合物(HN.H2O):0.1質量%)。混合及攪拌以上而成為比較例9之樣本阻劑剝離液。 A pyrrolidine (pyrrolidine (PRL: CAS No. 123-75-1): 1.5% by mass) of a cyclic amine was used as an amine. The polar solvent-based mixed water and DMI (1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI): 78.4% by mass, water: 20.0% by mass). A hydrazine was used as a reducing agent (amine-hydrate (HN.H 2 O): 0.1% by mass). The sample resist stripping solution of Comparative Example 9 was mixed and stirred.

比較例9係改變實施例1之二級胺之N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA)而成為環狀胺之吡咯烷(PRL)之組成。此外,聯胺-水合物之0.1質量%係相當於聯胺之0.064質量%。聯胺-水合物之殘餘之0.036質量%部分係水。因此,前述水之組成比包含作為聯胺-水合物投入之部分,則可說是20.036質量%。 Comparative Example 9 was a composition in which the N-methylethanolamine (MMA) of the secondary amine of Example 1 was changed to be a pyrrolidine (PRL) of a cyclic amine. Further, 0.1% by mass of the hydrazine-hydrate corresponds to 0.064% by mass of the hydrazine. The 0.036% by mass of the residue of the hydrazine-hydrate is water. Therefore, the composition ratio of the water described above is included as a portion of the hydrazine-hydrate input, and it can be said to be 20.036% by mass.

(比較例10) (Comparative Example 10)

使用環狀胺之羥乙基哌嗪(羥乙基哌嗪(OH-PIZ:CAS編號103-76-4):5.0質量%),來作為胺。極性溶媒係混合水和1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI):74.9質量%、水:20.0質量%)。使用聯胺作為還原劑(聯胺-水合物(HN.H2O):0.1質量%)。混合及攪拌以上而成為比較例-10之樣本阻劑剝離液。 Hydroxyethylpiperazine (hydroxyethylpiperazine (OH-PIZ: CAS No. 103-76-4): 5.0% by mass) of a cyclic amine was used as an amine. Polar solvent-mixed water and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI): 74.9 mass%, water: 20.0 mass%). A hydrazine was used as a reducing agent (amine-hydrate (HN.H 2 O): 0.1% by mass). The mixture was stirred and stirred to obtain a sample resist stripping solution of Comparative Example - 10.

比較例10係改變實施例1之二級胺之N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA)而成為環狀胺之羥乙基哌嗪(OH-PIZ)之組成。此外,聯胺-水合物之0.1質量%係相當於聯胺之0.064質量 %。聯胺-水合物之殘餘之0.036質量%部分係水。因此,前述水之組成比包含作為聯胺-水合物投入之部分,則可說是20.036質量%。 Comparative Example 10 is a composition which changes the N-methylethanolamine (MMA) of the secondary amine of Example 1 to form a cyclic amine hydroxyethylpiperazine (OH-PIZ). In addition, 0.1% by mass of the hydrazine-hydrate corresponds to 0.064 mass of the hydrazine. %. The 0.036% by mass of the residue of the hydrazine-hydrate is water. Therefore, the composition ratio of the water described above is included as a portion of the hydrazine-hydrate input, and it can be said to be 20.036% by mass.

(比較例11) (Comparative Example 11)

使用一級胺之單乙醇胺(單乙醇胺(MEA:CAS編號141-43-5):5.0質量%),來作為胺。極性溶媒係混合水和1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI):74.9質量%、水:20.0質量%)。使用聯胺作為還原劑(聯胺-水合物(HN.H2O):0.1質量%)。混合及攪拌以上而成為比較例11之樣本阻劑剝離液。 Monoethanolamine (monoethanolamine (MEA: CAS No. 141-43-5): 5.0% by mass) using a primary amine was used as the amine. Polar solvent-mixed water and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI): 74.9 mass%, water: 20.0 mass%). A hydrazine was used as a reducing agent (amine-hydrate (HN.H 2 O): 0.1% by mass). The sample resist stripping solution of Comparative Example 11 was mixed and stirred.

比較例11係改變實施例1之二級胺之N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA)而成為一級胺之單乙醇胺(MEA)之組成。此外,聯胺-水合物之0.1質量%係相當於聯胺之0.064質量%。聯胺-水合物之殘餘之0.036質量%部分係水。因此,前述水之組成比包含作為聯胺-水合物投入之部分,則可說是20.036質量%。 Comparative Example 11 is a composition which changes the N-methylethanolamine (MMA) of the secondary amine of Example 1 to become a primary amine monoethanolamine (MEA). Further, 0.1% by mass of the hydrazine-hydrate corresponds to 0.064% by mass of the hydrazine. The 0.036% by mass of the residue of the hydrazine-hydrate is water. Therefore, the composition ratio of the water described above is included as a portion of the hydrazine-hydrate input, and it can be said to be 20.036% by mass.

(比較例12) (Comparative Example 12)

使用N-甲基乙醇胺(N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA):5.0質量%),來作為二級胺。極性溶媒係混合水和1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI):75.0質量%、水:20.0質量%)。無加入還原劑。混合及攪拌以上而成為比較例12之樣本阻劑剝離液。比較例12係除去比較例1之還原劑之聯胺(HN)之組成。 N-methylethanolamine (N-methylethanolamine (MMA): 5.0% by mass) was used as a secondary amine. The polar solvent-based mixed water and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI): 75.0% by mass, water: 20.0% by mass). No reducing agent was added. The sample resist stripping liquid of Comparative Example 12 was mixed and stirred. Comparative Example 12 is a composition in which the hydrazine (HN) of the reducing agent of Comparative Example 1 was removed.

(比較例13) (Comparative Example 13)

使用N-甲基乙醇胺(N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA):5.0質量%),來作為二級胺。極性溶媒係混合水和1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI):74.5質量%、水:20.0質量%)。使用山梨糖醇作為添加劑(山梨糖醇(Stol:CAS編號50-70-4):0.5質量%)。混合及攪拌以上而成為比較例13之樣本阻劑剝離液。比較例13係改變實施例1之添加劑(還原劑:聯胺(HN))而成為山梨糖醇之組成。 N-methylethanolamine (N-methylethanolamine (MMA): 5.0% by mass) was used as a secondary amine. The polar solvent-based mixed water and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI): 74.5 mass%, water: 20.0 mass%). Sorbitol was used as an additive (sorbitol (Stol: CAS No. 50-70-4): 0.5% by mass). The sample resist stripping solution of Comparative Example 13 was mixed and stirred. Comparative Example 13 was a composition in which the additive of Example 1 (reducing agent: hydrazine (HN)) was changed to become sorbitol.

(比較例14) (Comparative Example 14)

使用N-甲基乙醇胺(N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA):5.0質量%),來作為二級胺。極性溶媒係混合水和1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI):74.5質量%、水:20.0質量%)。使用二甘油作為添加劑(二甘油(CAS編號627-82-7):0.5質量%)。混合及攪拌以上而成為比較例14之樣本阻劑剝離液。比較例14係改變實施例1之添加劑(還原劑:聯胺(HN))而成為二甘油之組成。 N-methylethanolamine (N-methylethanolamine (MMA): 5.0% by mass) was used as a secondary amine. The polar solvent-based mixed water and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI): 74.5 mass%, water: 20.0 mass%). Diglycerin was used as an additive (diglycerol (CAS No. 627-82-7): 0.5% by mass). The sample resist stripping solution of Comparative Example 14 was mixed and stirred. Comparative Example 14 was a composition in which the additive of Example 1 (reducing agent: hydrazine (HN)) was changed to become diglycerin.

(比較例15) (Comparative Example 15)

使用N-甲基乙醇胺(N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA):5.0質量%),來作為二級胺。極性溶媒係混合水和1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI):74.5質量%、水:20.0質量%)。使用糖精作為添加劑(糖精(CAS編號81-07-2):0.5質量%)。混合及攪拌以上而成為比較例15之樣本阻劑剝離液。比較例15係改變實施例1之添加劑(還原劑:聯胺(HN))而成為糖精之組成。 N-methylethanolamine (N-methylethanolamine (MMA): 5.0% by mass) was used as a secondary amine. The polar solvent-based mixed water and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI): 74.5 mass%, water: 20.0 mass%). Saccharin was used as an additive (saccharin (CAS No. 81-07-2): 0.5% by mass). The sample resist stripping liquid of Comparative Example 15 was mixed and stirred. In Comparative Example 15, the additive of Example 1 (reducing agent: hydrazine (HN)) was changed to become a composition of saccharin.

(比較例16) (Comparative Example 16)

使用N-甲基乙醇胺(N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA):5.0質量%),來作為二級胺。極性溶媒係混合水和1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI):74.5質量%、水:20.0質量%)。使用聚乙二醇400作為添加劑(PEG400)(聚乙二醇400(PEG400:CAS編號25322-68-3):0.5質量%)。混合及攪拌以上而成為比較例16之樣本阻劑剝離液。比較例16係改變實施例1之添加劑(還原劑:聯胺(HN))而成為聚乙二醇400之組成。 N-methylethanolamine (N-methylethanolamine (MMA): 5.0% by mass) was used as a secondary amine. The polar solvent-based mixed water and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI): 74.5 mass%, water: 20.0 mass%). Polyethylene glycol 400 was used as an additive (PEG400) (polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400: CAS No. 25322-68-3): 0.5% by mass). The sample resist stripping solution of Comparative Example 16 was mixed and stirred. Comparative Example 16 was changed to the composition of Example 1 (reducing agent: hydrazine (HN)) to form a composition of polyethylene glycol 400.

(比較例17) (Comparative Example 17)

使用N-甲基乙醇胺(N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA):5.0質量%),來作為二級胺。極性溶媒係混合水和1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI):63.9質量%、水:31.0質量%)。使用聯胺作為還原劑(聯胺-水合物(HN.H2O):0.1質量%)。混合及攪拌以上而成為比較例17之樣本阻劑剝離液。 N-methylethanolamine (N-methylethanolamine (MMA): 5.0% by mass) was used as a secondary amine. Polar solvent-mixed water and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI): 63.9 mass%, water: 31.0 mass%). A hydrazine was used as a reducing agent (amine-hydrate (HN.H 2 O): 0.1% by mass). The sample resist stripping solution of Comparative Example 17 was mixed and stirred.

比較例17係實施例1之水量由20.0質量%開始增加至31.0質量%之組成。此外,聯胺-水合物之0.1質量%係相當於聯胺之0.064質量%。聯胺-水合物之殘餘之0.036質量%部分係水。因此,前述水之組成比包含作為聯胺-水合物投入之部分,則可說是31.036質量%。 Comparative Example 17 is a composition in which the amount of water of Example 1 was increased from 20.0% by mass to 31.0% by mass. Further, 0.1% by mass of the hydrazine-hydrate corresponds to 0.064% by mass of the hydrazine. The 0.036% by mass of the residue of the hydrazine-hydrate is water. Therefore, the composition ratio of the water described above is included as a portion of the hydrazine-hydrate input, and it can be said to be 31.036 mass%.

在表1,顯示實施例1和比較例1~7之組成及評價結果。此外,在表2,顯示實施例1及2和比較例8~11之組成及評價結果。此外,在表3,顯示實施例1和比較例12~16之組成及評價結果。此外,在表4,顯示實施例1、3~5和比較例17之組成及評價結果。此外,在表5,顯示實施例6~11之組成及評價結果。 In Table 1, the compositions and evaluation results of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7 are shown. Further, in Table 2, the compositions and evaluation results of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 8 to 11 are shown. Further, in Table 3, the compositions and evaluation results of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 12 to 16 are shown. Further, in Table 4, the compositions and evaluation results of Examples 1, 3 to 5 and Comparative Example 17 are shown. Further, in Table 5, the compositions and evaluation results of Examples 6 to 11 are shown.

在表1,顯示實施例1和比較例1~7之組成及評價結果。參考實施例1。可以藉由使用二級胺之N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA),來作為胺,使用之1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI)作為極性溶媒和水之混合液,可將以170℃、30分鐘之條件來進行烘烤之阻劑,在4分鐘以內剝離。此外,「Cu/Mo」及「Al」之膜損傷係也變得良好。 In Table 1, the compositions and evaluation results of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7 are shown. Refer to Example 1. By using a secondary amine N-methylethanolamine (MMA) as an amine, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) can be used as a mixture of a polar solvent and water. The resist which was baked at 170 ° C for 30 minutes was peeled off within 4 minutes. In addition, the film damage system of "Cu/Mo" and "Al" also became good.

此外,在大氣開放狀態來放置剝離液之時之液浴壽命係即使是經過12小時,剝離力也不會改變。此外,即使密閉保存4天,也無發現聯胺之減少。 Further, the liquid bath life at the time of placing the stripping liquid in the open state of the atmosphere does not change the peeling force even after 12 hours have elapsed. Further, even if it was kept in a sealed state for 4 days, no decrease in the hydrazine was observed.

比較例1係使用N-甲基甲醯胺(NMF),來取代實施例1之極性溶媒之1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI)。 Comparative Example 1 used N-methylformamide (NMF) in place of the 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) of the polar solvent of Example 1.

比較例2係使用N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(DMF),來取代DMI。 Comparative Example 2 used N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) instead of DMI.

比較例3係使用2-吡咯烷酮(2P),來取代DMI。 In Comparative Example 3, 2-pyrrolidone (2P) was used instead of DMI.

比較例4係使用1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP),來取代DMI。 In Comparative Example 4, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was used instead of DMI.

比較例5係使用1-乙基-2-吡咯烷酮(NEP),來取代DMI。 Comparative Example 5 used 1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone (NEP) instead of DMI.

比較例6係使用γ丁內酯(GBL),來取代DMI。 Comparative Example 6 used γ-butyrolactone (GBL) instead of DMI.

比較例7係使用碳酸乙烯(EC),來取代DMI。 In Comparative Example 7, ethylene carbonate (EC) was used instead of DMI.

比較例1係關於在調製後即刻之剝離性,可良好地進行剝離。但是,在放置於大氣中,在「Cu/Mo」之斷面及表面,發生損傷。此外,在4日之密閉放置,觀察到聯胺之減少。 In Comparative Example 1, the peeling property immediately after the preparation was carried out, and the peeling was favorably performed. However, when placed in the atmosphere, damage occurs on the cross section and surface of "Cu/Mo". In addition, a decrease in hydrazine was observed in a closed position on the 4th.

比較例2係也關於在調製後即刻之剝離性,可良 好地進行剝離。但是,在放置於大氣中,在12小時以後,在「Cu/Mo」之斷面及表面,發生損傷。此外,在4日之密閉放置,觀察到聯胺之減少。 Comparative Example 2 is also about the peelability immediately after the modulation, which is good. Peel off well. However, after being placed in the atmosphere, damage occurred on the cross section and surface of "Cu/Mo" after 12 hours. In addition, a decrease in hydrazine was observed in a closed position on the 4th.

比較例3係在調製後即刻之剝離性以及大氣中放置12小時後並無發生對金屬膜損傷之問題。但是,在4日之密閉放置,觀察到聯胺之減少。 In Comparative Example 3, the problem of damage to the metal film did not occur immediately after the peeling property immediately after the preparation and after standing for 12 hours in the atmosphere. However, in the closed position on the 4th day, a decrease in hydrazine was observed.

比較例4係在調製後即刻之剝離性以及大氣中放置12小時後並無發生對金屬膜損傷之問題。但是,在4日之密閉放置,觀察到聯胺之減少。 In Comparative Example 4, the problem of damage to the metal film did not occur immediately after the peeling property immediately after the preparation and after standing for 12 hours in the atmosphere. However, in the closed position on the 4th day, a decrease in hydrazine was observed.

比較例5係在調製後即刻之剝離性以及大氣中放置12小時後並無發生對金屬膜損傷之問題。但是,在4日之密閉放置,觀察到聯胺之減少。 In Comparative Example 5, the problem of damage to the metal film did not occur immediately after the peeling property immediately after the preparation and after standing for 12 hours in the atmosphere. However, in the closed position on the 4th day, a decrease in hydrazine was observed.

比較例6係關於在調製後即刻之剝離性,呈良好地進行剝離。但是,在「Cu/Mo」之斷面及表面,發生損傷。因此,關於液浴壽命,並無進行試驗。 In Comparative Example 6, the peeling property immediately after the preparation was carried out, and the peeling was performed satisfactorily. However, damage occurred in the section and surface of "Cu/Mo". Therefore, no test was conducted regarding the bath life.

比較例7係無法剝離在調製後即刻而進行硬化烘烤之阻劑膜。因此,關於液浴壽命,並無進行試驗。 In Comparative Example 7, the resist film which was subjected to hardening baking immediately after the preparation was not peeled off. Therefore, no test was conducted regarding the bath life.

正如以上,使用實施例1之二級胺之N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA)且使用僅有作為極性溶媒之1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI)和水之混合液且包含聯胺之剝離液係關於剝離能力和液浴壽命,得到良好之結果。As above, the N-methylethanolamine (MMA) of the secondary amine of Example 1 was used and a mixture of 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) and water, which is only a polar solvent, was used and contained The hydrazine stripping solution gave good results with respect to the peeling ability and the bath life.

在表2,顯示實施例1及2和比較例8~11之組成及評價結果。再度揭示實施例1,因此,藉由括弧而顯示實施例1。實施例2係取代二級胺而成為N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA)且使用N-乙基乙醇胺(EEA)之狀態。實施例2係剝離力和對於金屬之損傷以及液浴壽命,也相同於實施例1,變得良好。 In Table 2, the compositions and evaluation results of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 8 to 11 are shown. Embodiment 1 is disclosed again, and therefore, Embodiment 1 is shown by brackets. Example 2 is a state in which a secondary amine is substituted to become N-methylethanolamine (MMA) and N-ethylethanolamine (EEA) is used. In Example 2, the peeling force, the damage to the metal, and the bath life were the same as in Example 1, and it became good.

比較例8~11係變更胺之狀態。比較例8係使用三級胺之N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)而作為胺之狀態。此外,比較例9係使用環狀胺之吡咯烷(PRL)之狀態,比較例10係使用環狀胺之羥乙基哌嗪(OH-PIZ)之狀態。比較例11 係使用一級胺之單乙醇胺(MEA)之例子。 Comparative Examples 8 to 11 changed the state of the amine. In Comparative Example 8, N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) of a tertiary amine was used as an amine. Further, in Comparative Example 9, the state of pyrrolidine (PRL) of a cyclic amine was used, and in Comparative Example 10, the state of hydroxyethylpiperazine (OH-PIZ) of a cyclic amine was used. Comparative Example 11 is an example of a monoethanolamine (MEA) using a primary amine.

比較例8、9、10係無法剝離硬化烘烤之阻劑。因此,關於液浴壽命,無進行試驗。此外,一級胺之單乙醇胺(MEA)係可以在調製後即刻,剝離硬化烘烤之阻劑,但是,在「Cu/Mo」之表面及斷面,造成損傷。因此,即使是關於比較例11,也無進行關於液浴壽命之試驗。 Comparative Examples 8, 9, and 10 were incapable of peeling off the hardening baking resist. Therefore, no test was conducted regarding the bath life. In addition, the primary amine monoethanolamine (MEA) can be used to remove the hardening baking agent immediately after preparation, but it causes damage on the surface and cross section of "Cu/Mo". Therefore, even with respect to Comparative Example 11, no test was conducted on the life of the liquid bath.

在表3,顯示實施例1和比較例12~16之組成及評價結果。再度揭示實施例1,因此,藉由括弧而顯示實施例 1。比較例12係無加入聯胺(聯胺-水合物(HN.H2O))之組成。比較例12係可以剝離在進行調製後即刻進行硬化烘烤之阻劑。但是,發生「Cu/Mo」之膜損傷。 In Table 3, the compositions and evaluation results of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 12 to 16 are shown. Embodiment 1 is disclosed again, and therefore, Embodiment 1 is shown by brackets. Comparative Example 12 was a composition without the addition of a hydrazine (a hydrazine-hydrate (HN.H 2 O)). Comparative Example 12 is a resist which can be peeled off and hardened immediately after preparation. However, film damage of "Cu/Mo" occurred.

比較例13係加入山梨糖醇(Stol),來作為添加劑。此外,比較例14係加入二甘油,來作為添加劑。比較例13和比較例14係無法剝離在進行調製後而即刻進行硬化烘烤之阻劑。 Comparative Example 13 was added with sorbitol (Stol) as an additive. Further, Comparative Example 14 was added with diglycerin as an additive. Comparative Example 13 and Comparative Example 14 were incapable of peeling off the resist which was immediately subjected to hardening baking after preparation.

比較例15係加入糖精,來作為添加劑。此外,比較例16係加入聚乙二醇400(PEG400),來作為添加劑。比較例15和比較例16係可以剝離在進行調製後而即刻進行硬化烘烤之阻劑。但是,兩比較例係皆在「Cu/Mo」之斷面,發生損傷。 Comparative Example 15 was added with saccharin as an additive. Further, Comparative Example 16 was added to polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) as an additive. In Comparative Example 15 and Comparative Example 16, a resist which was subjected to hardening baking immediately after the preparation was prepared. However, both comparative examples were in the "Cu/Mo" section and were damaged.

由以上而可以說聯胺(聯胺-水合物(HN.H2O))係在本發明之剝離液,成為必要之材料。 From the above, it can be said that hydrazine (a hydrazine-hydrate (HN.H 2 O)) is a material necessary for the stripping liquid of the present invention.

在表4,顯示實施例1、3~5和比較例17之組成及評價結果。再度揭示實施例1,因此,藉由括弧而顯示實施例1。表4係關於水量而進行檢討。實施例3係水分量成為24.0質量%,實施例4係水分量成為26.0質量%,實施例5係水分量成為28.0質量%。另一方面,比較例17係增加水分量至31.0質量%為止。 In Table 4, the compositions and evaluation results of Examples 1, 3 to 5 and Comparative Example 17 are shown. Embodiment 1 is disclosed again, and therefore, Embodiment 1 is shown by brackets. Table 4 reviews the amount of water. In Example 3, the moisture content was 24.0% by mass, the water content in Example 4 was 26.0% by mass, and the water content in Example 5 was 28.0% by mass. On the other hand, Comparative Example 17 increased the moisture content to 31.0% by mass.

其他之組成係與實施例1相同。因此,關於剝離力和液浴壽命,任何一個樣本係也皆無問題發生。但是,增加水分量至31.0質量%為止之比較例17係在「Al」之表面和斷 面,發生腐蝕。由以上而得知:水分量係必須31.0質量%以下。 The other components are the same as in the first embodiment. Therefore, with regard to the peeling force and the bath life, no problem occurs in any of the sample systems. However, Comparative Example 17 in which the amount of water was increased to 31.0% by mass was caused by corrosion on the surface and the fracture surface of "Al". From the above, it is known that the water content is required to be 31.0% by mass or less.

在表5,顯示實施例6~11之組成及評價結果。實施例6~11係檢討胺量。水量係全部一致成為24.0質量%。此外,表之排列係由胺量少開始配列至胺量多。實施例6係N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA)為2.0質量%,實施例7為3.0質量%,實施例8為4.0質量%。這些係相較於實施例1之N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA)之組成比(5.0質量%),胺少之組成。此外, 實施例9之胺量係與實施例1之MMA之組成比相同,為5.0質量%。 In Table 5, the compositions and evaluation results of Examples 6 to 11 are shown. Examples 6 to 11 are to examine the amount of amine. The water amount was all consistently 24.0% by mass. In addition, the arrangement of the tables is based on the amount of amine being less than the amount of amine. Example 6 was 2.0% by mass of N-methylethanolamine (MMA), 3.0% by mass of Example 7, and 4.0% by mass of Example 8. These compositions are smaller in composition ratio (5.0% by mass) than N-methylethanolamine (MMA) of Example 1, and have a small amine composition. Further, the amount of the amine of Example 9 was the same as the composition ratio of the MMA of Example 1, and was 5.0% by mass.

實施例10係N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA)為6.0質量%,實施例11係N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA)為7.0質量%之狀態。實施例10及實施例12係相較於實施例1,N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA)之量為多之組成。 In Example 10, N-methylethanolamine (MMA) was 6.0% by mass, and Example 11 was in a state of 7.0% by mass of N-methylethanolamine (MMA). In Example 10 and Example 12, the amount of N-methylethanolamine (MMA) was more than that of Example 1.

顯示於表5之實施例6~11之任何一種樣本係也關於剝離力、對於金屬表面之損傷以及液浴壽命,與實施例1相同良好。也就是說,N-甲基乙醇胺(MMA)係即使是調製成為像7.0質量%的高濃度,在性能上,也無問題發生。也就是說,在本發明之組成,關於胺,即使是偏離規定之調合比,在性能上,也無問題發生。 The sample of any of Examples 6 to 11 shown in Table 5 was also excellent in the same manner as in Example 1 regarding the peeling force, the damage to the metal surface, and the bath life. In other words, even if N-methylethanolamine (MMA) is prepared to have a high concentration of 7.0% by mass, there is no problem in performance. That is to say, in the composition of the present invention, even if the amine is deviated from the prescribed blending ratio, there is no problem in performance.

【產業上之可利用性】  [Industrial Availability]  

本發明之阻劑剝離液係可以特別確實地剝離硬化烘烤之阻劑,可以適度地利用在使用光阻劑之局面。 The resist stripping liquid of the present invention can particularly effectively peel off the hardening and baking resist, and can be suitably used in the case of using a photoresist.

Claims (1)

一種阻劑剝離液,係使阻劑剝離之阻劑剝離液,其特徵為:由0.5質量%以上且9.0質量%以下之二級胺、0.03質量%以上且0.4質量%以下之聯胺、10.0質量%以上且未滿31.0質量%之水、以及作為殘餘之1,3-二甲-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI)所構成。 A resist stripping liquid which is a resist stripping liquid which is obtained by peeling off a resist agent, and is characterized in that it is a secondary amine of 0.5% by mass or more and 9.0% by mass or less, a hydrazine of 0.03% by mass or more and 0.4% by mass or less, and 10.0. Water having a mass % or more and less than 31.0% by mass, and a residual 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI).  
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CN107995960A (en) 2018-05-04
JPWO2018061064A1 (en) 2018-10-04
WO2018061064A1 (en) 2018-04-05
JP6160893B1 (en) 2017-07-12
TW201814036A (en) 2018-04-16

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