TWI607746B - Knee joint prosthesis and tibial component and femoral component thereof - Google Patents

Description

Artificial knee joint and its tibial component and femoral component

This case relates to an artificial joint, especially to an artificial knee joint.

The knee joint is the largest joint in the human body, which is responsible for supporting the weight of the human body and enabling the lower limbs to perform good flexion and extension activities. It includes the femoral condyle at the distal end of the femur, the tibial plateau at the proximal end of the humerus, ligaments (such as the anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, medial ligament and lateral ligament, etc.), articular cartilage, and meniscus. However, defects in joint development of the lower extremities, poor standing, excessive exercise, or aging often lead to wear of the articular cartilage and the meniscus, resulting in less lubrication of the knee joint capsule, resulting in knee joint pain, swelling, or difficulty in movement such as dyskinesia, such as Degenerative knee arthritis. More serious, it will cause the knee joint to bend (O-leg), making it difficult for patients to walk.

Although total keen joint replacement is the most effective treatment for the aforementioned conditions, the artificial knee joint can effectively reduce the pain caused by arthritis and joint deformation, and Improve the degree of joint activity, but still have its shortcomings.

As is known in the art of knee joint surgery for total knee arthroplasty, as shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the artificial knee joint is composed of a femoral implant a and a tibial component b. The tibial component b is in turn composed of a tibial plate b1, a joint pad b2, and a tibial implant b3. The femoral implant a is nailed into the femoral condyle of the femur Fe by the femoral nail a2, and the tibial component b is fixed to the tibial plateau of the human body via the tibial implant b3 implanted with the tibia T. The central protrusion b22 on the joint pad b2 is disposed corresponding to the groove a3 of the femoral implant a and is constrained so that the femoral implant a can abut against the joint pad b2 against the abutment surface a1 of the tibia T. The bearing surface b21 is relatively rotated to allow the patient's lower limbs to flex and stretch.

However, the artificial knee joint has a useful life as a joint pad b2 instead of the meniscus of the knee, which is consumed by the friction of the abutment a1 of the femoral implant a. The damage cannot be continued, and such conventional artificial knee joints usually need to be replaced again within 15-20 years.

In addition, when the patient's knee joint movement angle is too large or the exercise is too intense, the central protrusion on the joint pad b2 will be excessively worn, or the groove a3 of the femoral implant a may be pulled out to cause dislocation of the joint, or even The central projection b22 on the joint pad b2 is broken by the lateral violent impact or rotation of the femoral implant a. In this case, the artificial knee joint must also be replaced.

In the above condition in which the artificial knee joint has to be replaced, since the original tibial implant b3 or the femoral nail a2 is too large for the proximal humerus or the distal femur, the new femoral implant a or In the case of the tibial component b, a long bone nail is inserted in the direction of the long axis of the femur Fe or the tibia T, so that the femoral implant a or the tibial component b can be stably placed in the femur Fe or the tibia T without loosening. However, this way of extra bone nailing will cause additional damage to the affected bone, even if a new femoral implant a or tibia component b has to be re-implanted, in order to maintain the femoral implant a in the femur Fe Or the stability of the tibial component b on the tibia T requires the insertion of a longer bone nail, which in turn causes more serious damage. Therefore, how to securely mount the implanted artificial joint component to the implant site without using the nail nail is a problem that has long been a problem to be solved in the art.

In addition, when the femoral implant a or the tibial component b is implanted into the femoral condyle or tibial plateau, respectively, the orthopaedic surgeon usually coats the contact surface of the femoral implant a with the femoral condyle or tibial component b and the tibial plateau. A layer of bone cement (or bio-adhesive) is added to increase the stability of the femoral implant a or the tibial component b. However, if the bone cement is not solidified before, it will easily enter the systemic circulation through the blood vessels on the injured part of the operation, which may cause necrosis of the skin or muscle tissue in the affected area, and cause the death of the patient due to myocardial infarction. Therefore, how to reduce the amount of bone cement can still maintain a considerable degree of stability of the implanted artificial joint components, and has long been a problem to be solved in the field.

Furthermore, when performing total knee arthroplasty using the conventional artificial knee joint shown in Figs. 8A and 8B, the patient's anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament must be removed. . In this way, the relative movement of the femoral implant a and the tibial component b can only depend on the cooperation of the groove a3 of the femoral implant a and the central protrusion b22 of the corresponding joint pad b2, so that the patient knee joint Postoperative The stability of the patient is insufficient, and the patient's knee joint cannot be bent at a too much angle after surgery. Therefore, the development of an artificial knee joint that can be applied to the cruciate ligament retention type during total knee arthroplasty is performed to retain the patient's anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament, which has long been a problem to be solved in the field. .

In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the inventors have developed the invention after development. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide an artificial knee joint comprising a tibial component and a femoral component so that the patient can be stably placed after implantation without replacing the artificial knee joint in the future.

In addition, another object of the present invention is to provide an artificial knee joint including a tibial component and a femoral component, which can adopt a cruciate ligament retention type operation to maintain joint stability and reduce new joints during knee replacement surgery. Wear.

The present invention provides an artificial knee joint comprising a tibial component and a femoral component. The tibial component includes an upper surface, a lower surface opposite the upper surface, and a first groove. The first groove penetrates the upper surface and the lower surface and is used for receiving the cruciate ligament. And the tibia member is provided with a plurality of first protrusions on the lower surface. Each of the first protrusions has at least one first perforation. The tibial component carries the femoral component. The femoral component includes a second recess. The second recess is also configured to receive the cruciate ligament, and the femoral component is provided with a plurality of second projections on a surface away from the tibial component. Each of the second protrusions has at least one second perforation.

In an embodiment of the invention, the first protrusions are respectively fin-shaped or blade-shaped.

In an embodiment of the invention, the second protrusions are respectively fin-shaped or blade-shaped.

In an embodiment of the invention, each of the first projections is gradually thinned along its extending direction.

In an embodiment of the invention, each of the second projections is gradually thinned in the direction in which it extends.

In an embodiment of the invention, the first protruding portions respectively have a first major axis direction, and the first major axis directions are substantially parallel to each other.

In an embodiment of the invention, wherein the second protruding portions respectively have a second The long axis direction and the second long axis direction are substantially parallel to each other.

In an embodiment of the invention, the first groove divides the tibial component into the first portion and the second portion, and the first portion and the second portion are coupled via the connecting portion.

In an embodiment of the invention, at least one of the first protrusions is disposed at the joint portion.

In an embodiment of the invention, each of the first protrusions has a plurality of first perforations, the first perforations being distributed from the tibial component away from the tibial component in a sparsely dense manner.

In an embodiment of the invention, each of the second projections has a plurality of second perforations, and the second perforations are distributed from the proximal femoral component away from the femoral component in a sparsely dense manner.

In an embodiment of the invention, the artificial knee joint further comprises at least one pad positioned between the tibial component and the femoral component and disposed on the upper surface of the tibial component.

In an embodiment of the invention, the pad has a first engaging portion, the first engaging portion is engaged with the second engaging portion of the tibial member, and the second engaging portion is adjacent to the first groove.

In an embodiment of the invention, wherein the femoral component abuts the pad and the femoral component is relatively movable by the pad and the tibial component.

The present invention further provides a tibial component comprising an upper surface, a lower surface opposite the upper surface, and a first recess. The first groove penetrates the upper surface and the lower surface and is used for receiving the cruciate ligament. The tibial component is provided with a plurality of protrusions on the lower surface. The projections each have at least one perforation.

In an embodiment of the invention, the projections are fin-shaped or blade-shaped.

In an embodiment of the invention, each of the projections is gradually thinned in the direction in which it extends.

In an embodiment of the invention, the projections each have a major axis direction, and the major axis directions are substantially parallel to each other.

In an embodiment of the invention, the first groove divides the tibial component into the first portion and the second portion, and the first portion and the second portion are coupled via the connecting portion.

In an embodiment of the invention, at least one of the protrusions is disposed on the link unit.

In an embodiment of the invention, each of the projections has a plurality of perforations, the perforations being distributed from adjacent the tibial component away from the tibial component for being sparsely dense.

In an embodiment of the invention, the tibial component is further provided with at least one pad disposed on the upper surface of the tibial component.

In an embodiment of the invention, the pad has a first engaging portion, the first engaging portion is engaged with the second engaging portion of the tibial member, and the second engaging portion is adjacent to the first groove.

The present invention further provides a femoral component that is disposed corresponding to a tibial component and that carries the femoral component. The femoral component includes a second recess. The second groove is for receiving the cruciate ligament. Moreover, the femoral component is provided with a plurality of projections on a surface remote from the tibial component. The projections each have at least one perforation.

In an embodiment of the invention, the protruding portions are respectively fin-shaped or blade-shaped.

In an embodiment of the invention, each of the projections is gradually thinned in the direction in which it extends.

In an embodiment of the invention, the protruding portions each have a long axis direction, and each of the long axis directions is substantially parallel to each other.

In an embodiment of the invention, each of the projections has a plurality of perforations, the perforations being distributed from adjacent femoral components in a direction away from the femoral component to be distributed in a sparsely dense manner.

The invention further provides an artificial knee joint comprising a tibial component and a femoral component. The tibial component includes an upper surface and a lower surface opposite the upper surface. The tibial component is provided with a plurality of first protrusions on the lower surface, and each of the first protrusions has at least one first perforation. The tibial component carries the femoral component. The femoral component is provided with a plurality of second projections on a surface remote from the tibial component. Each of the second projections has at least one second perforation and the tibial component carries the femoral component.

The invention further provides a tibial component comprising an upper surface and a lower surface opposite the upper surface. The tibial component is provided with a plurality of protrusions on the lower surface. The projections each have at least one perforation.

The present invention further provides a femoral component that is disposed corresponding to a tibial component and that carries the femoral component. The femoral component is provided with a plurality of projections on a surface remote from the tibial component, each of the projections having at least one perforation.

In summary, the artificial knee joint and the tibia member and the femoral component according to the present invention are provided with a plurality of first protrusions and second protrusions respectively, and the first protrusions are respectively provided for the tibia member and the femoral component system. The outlet portion and the second protruding portion respectively have at least one first through hole and at least one second through hole. After the tibial plateau and the femoral component are respectively implanted into the tibial plateau and the femoral condyles, the first protrusion is inserted into the tibial plateau, and the second protrusion is inserted into the femoral condyle, the trabecular bone (bone trabeculae) will grow through the first perforation and the second perforation during post-operative healing, thereby securing the tibial component and the femoral component to its implantation site. At the same time, if the artificial knee joint needs to be replaced later, the replacement of the tibial component or the femoral component can also be fixed by the growth of the trabecular bone in the first perforation and the second perforation without additional bone. The nail is fixed to reduce the damage to the patient.

In addition, the artificial knee joint according to the present invention and the tibial component and the femoral component have the above-mentioned effects, and in one embodiment, the tibial component and the femoral component are further provided with a knee cruciate ligament for the patient. The first groove and the second groove are arranged correspondingly to each other, so that the orthopedic surgeon can adopt a cruciate ligament retention type operation during the total knee arthroplasty to maintain the stability of the postoperative joint and thereby reduce the new joint. Wear.

K, K’‧‧‧ artificial knee joint

1, 1'‧‧‧ patella components

1a‧‧‧Part 1

1b‧‧‧Part II

1c, 2c‧‧‧ link

11, 11' ‧ ‧ upper surface

12, 12'‧‧‧ lower surface

13, 13a, 13c, 13'‧‧‧ first bulge

14, 14'‧‧‧ first perforation

15‧‧‧First groove

16‧‧‧Second engagement department

2, 2'‧‧‧ femoral components

2a‧‧‧lateral crotch

2b‧‧‧ medial ankle

21, 21’, 22, 22’ ‧ ‧ surface

23, 23’‧‧‧second bulge

24, 24'‧‧‧ second perforation

25‧‧‧second groove

3, 3'‧‧‧ pads

31, 31a‧‧‧ first joint

A‧‧‧ femoral implant

A1‧‧‧Abutment

A2‧‧‧ femoral nail

A3‧‧‧ groove

ACL‧‧‧ anterior cruciate ligament

b‧‧‧Tibial component

B1‧‧‧ bone plate

B2‧‧‧ joint pad

B21‧‧‧ bearing surface

B22‧‧‧ central bulge

B3‧‧‧Elbow Implants

Fe‧‧‧ femur

Fi‧‧‧腓骨

L1‧‧‧ first long axis direction

L2‧‧‧ second long axis direction

T‧‧‧胫骨骨

P‧‧‧髌骨骨

PCL‧‧‧ posterior cruciate ligament

1 is a schematic view showing the combination of an artificial knee joint according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a schematic view of a femoral component in the artificial knee joint shown in FIG. 1.

3 is a schematic view of a tibial component and a pad in the artificial knee joint shown in FIG. 1.

4A is a schematic view of the artificial knee joint shown in FIG. 1 implanted into a knee joint of a patient and viewed from the anterior-posterior direction.

4B is a schematic view of the artificial knee joint shown in FIG. 1 implanted into the knee joint of the patient and viewed in the medial-lateral direction.

4C is a schematic view showing the direction of the tibial component and the femoral component of the artificial knee joint shown in FIG. 1 implanted into the knee joint of the patient.

5A to 5G are schematic views of the tibial component of the artificial knee joint shown in Fig. 1.

6A to 6C are schematic views of the tibial component and the pad of the artificial knee joint shown in Fig. 1.

7A to 7B are schematic views showing the combination of an artificial knee joint according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention.

8A to 8B are schematic views of a conventional artificial knee joint.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, in which the same elements will be described with the same reference numerals. In addition, it should be noted that the "proximal", "distal or distal", "anterior", and "posterior" used in the following embodiments. ", "medial", and "lateral" are defined in terms of anatomical posture and direction. That is, the side toward the head is referred to as the proximal side, and the side toward the foot is referred to as the distal side; and the ventral side toward the body is referred to as the anterior side, and the dorsolateral side toward the body is referred to as the posterior side; For the medial side, the central line away from the body is called the outside. In addition, although the following embodiments of the present invention are described by taking the knee joint of a human patient as an example, the present invention is not limited thereto. That is, the artificial knee joint provided in the following embodiments of the present invention can also be applied to the knee joints of other animals having the same or similar anatomical structures.

First, please refer to FIG. 1 , FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B , FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a combination of an artificial knee joint according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 4A and 4B are an artificial knee joint shown in FIG. 1 implanted into a knee joint of a patient. In the schematic view, the viewing direction shown in Figure 4A is the anterior-posterior direction of the patient's knee joint, while the viewing direction shown in Figure 4B is the medial-lateral direction of the patient's knee joint. The relative positions of the femur Fe, the tibia T, the tibia Fi and the tibia P are only schematically drawn, and the field to which the present invention pertains is based on the drawings of the present invention and is accompanied by the following description. The relative position and arrangement relationship of the artificial knee joint K of the present embodiment and the upper femur Fe, the tibia T, the tibia Fi and the tibia P after the implantation are confirmed. The artificial knee joint K includes a tibial component 1 and a femoral component 2. The tibial component 1 includes an upper surface 11 and a lower surface 12 opposite to the upper surface 11. The tibial component 1 is provided with at least one first protrusion 13 on the lower surface 12, and the present embodiment is provided with a plurality of first protrusions. The outlet 13 will be described as an example. The first protrusions 13 each have at least one first through hole 14, and the embodiment is also described by taking a plurality of first through holes 14 as an example. The femoral component 2 is disposed corresponding to the tibial component 1, and the upper surface 11 of the tibial component 1 carries the femoral component 2. The "bearing" of this embodiment includes the following two ways: the femoral component 2 faces the tibia directly toward the surface 22 of the tibial component 1 The femoral component 2 is supported on the upper surface 11 of the tibial component 1 and the femoral component 2 faces the surface 22 of the tibial component 1 in a manner on the upper surface 11 of the member 1, or by cushioning of another member (described in detail below). It is not in direct contact with the upper surface 11 of the tibial component 1, but is an indirect bearing. In detail, the femoral component 2 is slidably disposed on the tibia member 1. As shown in the figure, the upper surface 11 of the tibial component 1 is facing the surface of the femoral component 2, and the pad 3 is engaged with the pad 3, and the lower surface 12 of the tibial component 1 is substantially in contact with the tibia after implantation. The proximal surface. The material of the tibia member 1 may be a biocompatible metal material including, but not limited to, titanium alloy, Co-Cr-Mo alloy or 316 stainless steel.

Please refer to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 again. FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the femoral component in the artificial knee joint shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the tibial component and the pad in the artificial knee joint shown in FIG. The femoral component 2 is substantially arcuate and includes a second recess 25, and the second recess 25 divides the femoral component 2 into an outer crotch portion 2a and an inner crotch portion 2b, and is coupled by a joint portion 2c. At the same time, the joint portion 2c can also serve as a sliding surface of the tibia P (as shown in Fig. 4B). 3 is a schematic view of a tibial component and a pad in the artificial knee joint shown in FIG. 1. In addition, the tibial component 1 also includes a first recess 15 through which the first recess 15 extends and divides the tibial component 1 into a first portion (inside) 1a and a second portion ( The outer portion 1b is connected to the first portion 1a and the second portion 1b by the connecting portion 1c. The outer crotch portion 2a of the femoral component 2 is correspondingly and slidably disposed on the first portion (inside) 1a of the tibial component 1; likewise, the medial crotch portion 2b of the femoral component 2 is correspondingly and slidably It is disposed on the second portion (outer side) 1b of the tibial component 1.

Further, the depth of the first groove 15 in the sagittal axial direction is preferably about 30% to 90%, more preferably 50% to 80%, of the length of the tibial component 1 in the sagittal axial direction. The first groove 15 houses the anterior cruciate ligament ACL and the posterior cruciate ligament PCL (as shown in FIG. 4A). The projection length of the second groove 25 in the sagittal axial direction on the traverse plane of the patient's knee is preferably about the sagittal axis of the femoral component 2 on the transverse plane of the patient's knee. The projection length is 30% to 90%, more preferably 50% to 80%, so that the second groove 25 accommodates the anterior cruciate ligament ACL and the posterior cruciate ligament PCL. The aforementioned depth and length are measured based on the case where the tibial component 1 and the femoral component 2 are implanted in the knee joint of the patient and the flexion angle is zero (corresponding to the state in which the patient is in a standing posture or the lower limb is straightened). It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the depth of the first groove 15 is proportional to the length of the tibial component 1 in the sagittal axial direction and the depth of the second groove 25 and the femoral component 2 are in the patient's knee joint. Cross-section (traverse plane) the ratio of the projected length along the sagittal axis, the two ratios need not be the same, only the first groove 15 and the second groove 25 need to be sufficient to accommodate the anterior cruciate ligament ACL and the posterior cruciate ligament PCL It can be adjusted and can be adjusted according to the actual situation.

As shown in FIGS. 1, 4A and 4B, after the tibial component 1 is implanted into the patient's tibial plateau, the first projection 13 is inserted into the tibial plateau. The tibial plateau refers to the part of the tibia T that is a platform-like part at the tibial proximal end. During the post-operative healing process, the bone trabeculae will grow through the first perforation 14 on the first projection 13, whereby the tibial component 1 will be secured to the tibial plateau. At the same time, if the replacement of the component is required in the future, and the new tibial component 1 is implanted, the replacement of the tibial component 1 can be fixed by the growth of the trabecular bone in the first perforation 14 . There is no need to fix it with additional bone nails to reduce the damage to the patient's tibia T. Moreover, the greater the number of first perforations 14 on the first projections 13, the better the effect of the trabecular bone growing through the first perforations 14 to grasp the first projections 13 to secure the tibial component 1. The first projection 13 preferably has a thickness of from 0.1 to 0.7 centimeters (cm), more preferably from 0.3 to 0.4 centimeters (cm). Here, the thickness of the first projection 13 means the thickness of the first projection 13 at the junction with the lower surface 12. Moreover, in a preferred embodiment, each of the first protrusions 13 has a plurality of first through holes 14. The manner in which the first perforations 14 are distributed over the first projections 13 is preferably distributed from the proximal tibial component 1 in a direction away from the tibial component 1 in a sparsely dense manner. The aperture of the first perforations 14 is preferably between 1 and 2 millimeters (mm), and the spacing of the first perforations 14 from each other is preferably between 3 and 5 millimeters.

The femoral component 2 is provided with at least one second projection 23 on the surface 21 away from the tibial component 1, and the present embodiment is described by taking a plurality of second projections 23 as an example. The second protrusions 23 each have at least one second through hole 24, and the present embodiment is also described by taking a plurality of second through holes 24 as an example. The surface 21 of the femoral component 2 remote from the tibial component 1, as shown in Figure 2, is the medial surface of the femoral component 2 that exhibits an arcuate configuration and, after implantation, substantially contacts the distal end of the femur. The material of the femoral component 2 can also be a biocompatible metal material such as titanium alloy, cobalt chromium molybdenum alloy or 316 stainless steel.

Similar to the tibial component 1, after the femoral component 2 is implanted with the femoral condyles of the femur Fe, the second projection 23 is inserted into the corresponding femoral condyle. During the post-operative healing process, the bone trabeculae will grow through the second perforation 24 on the second projection 23, whereby the femoral component 2 will be secured to the femoral condyle. At the same time, if the future The component wears and needs to be replaced again, and after the new femoral component 2 is implanted, the replaced femoral component 2 can also be fixed by the growth of the trabecular bone in the second perforation 24 without additional The nail is fixed to reduce the damage to the patient. The second projection 23 preferably has a thickness of from 0.1 to 0.7 centimeters (cm), more preferably from 0.3 to 0.4 centimeters (cm). Here, the thickness of the second projection 23 means the thickness of the second projection 23 at the junction with the surface 21. In addition, in a preferred embodiment, each of the second protrusions 23 has a plurality of second through holes 24, respectively. The second perforations 24 are preferably distributed over the second projections 23 from adjacent the femoral component 2 in a direction away from the femoral component 2 to be distributed in a sparsely dense manner. The second perforations 24 preferably have a diameter of between 1 and 2 millimeters (mm), and the second perforations 24 are spaced apart from each other by between 3 and 5 mm.

In addition, although the first protruding portion 13 and the second protruding portion 23 in the present embodiment are integrally formed on the lower surface 12 of the tibial component 1 and the femoral component 2 away from the curved inner side surface 21 of the tibial component 1, respectively. The description is made, but the invention is not limited thereto. That is, in other embodiments, the first protruding portion 13 and the second protruding portion 23 may also adopt a detachable design, and are assembled to the lower surface 12 of the tibial component 1 and the femoral component 2 away from each other in use. The humeral member 1 may be on the curved inner side surface 21.

Referring to FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B simultaneously, after the tibial component 1 is implanted into the tibial plateau of the patient, the anterior cruciate ligament ACL and the posterior cruciate ligament PCL of the patient's knee joint are accommodated in the first groove 15. Similarly, after the femoral component 2 is implanted into the distal end of the patient's femur, the anterior cruciate ligament ACL and the posterior cruciate ligament PCL of the patient's knee joint are accommodated in the second recess 25. Therefore, after the orthopaedic surgeon performs the knee arthroplasty and implants the artificial knee K into the knee joint of the patient, the cruciate ligament retention type can be adopted, that is, the anterior cruciate ligament of the patient is preserved without being removed at the time of implantation. ACL and posterior cruciate ligament PCL to maintain the stability of the joints of patients after surgery, and to reduce the wear of new joints. At the same time, the knee joint can still retain considerable freedom of movement after surgery (such as flexion, extension, external rotation, internal rotation, valgus and varus, etc.).

To facilitate the implantation of the tibial component 1, in the present embodiment, the first projection 13 extends away from the tibial component 1 (i.e., from the lower surface 12 toward the distal end of the tibia). At the same time, the first projection 13 is gradually thinned in the extending direction thereof, and is in the form of a fin or a blade. The method of implanting the tibial component 1 includes, but is not limited to, nailing (directly contacting the tibial component 1 to the proximal end of the tibia and applying a force parallel to the longitudinal direction of the tibia to drive the tibial component 1 into the tibial plateau), Slide-in (slide-in, slide from the front side of the knee joint to the back side while inserting obliquely downward Incorporation, bonding (by attaching bone cement or bio-adhesive to the tibial component 1 on the lower surface 12), or any combination of the foregoing. Similarly, to facilitate implantation of the femoral component 2, in the present embodiment, the second projection 23 extends in a direction away from the femoral component 2 (i.e., extending from the surface 21 toward the proximal end of the femur). At the same time, the second projection 23 is gradually thinned in the extending direction thereof, and is formed in a fin shape or in a blade shape. The method of implanting the femoral component 2 includes, but is not limited to, nailing (directly contacting the femoral component 2 to the distal end of the femur and applying a force parallel to the longitudinal axis of the femur to drive the femoral component 2 into the femoral condyle) , slide-in (sliding from the anterior side of the knee joint to the posterior side while inserting obliquely), bonding (by applying bone cement or bio-adhesive on the surface 21 away from the tibial component 1 to adhere the femoral component 2 to Femoral condyle), or any combination of the foregoing.

Referring to FIG. 4C again, FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the direction in which the tibial component 1 and the femoral component 2 of the artificial knee joint shown in FIG. 1 are implanted into the knee joint of the patient. When the orthopedic surgeon performs the knee replacement surgery, the direction of extension of the first protrusion 13 or the second protrusion 23 is further facilitated by implanting the tibial component 1 or the femoral component 2 in a slide-in manner. It can be substantially parallel to the sagittal plane of the patient's knee joint. However, the invention is not limited thereto.

Please refer to FIG. 5A to FIG. 5C , which are schematic diagrams of the tibial component of the artificial knee joint shown in FIG. 1 . Similarly, in order to further facilitate the implantation of the tibial component 1 by sliding in, each of the first projections 13 of the tibial component 1 has a first major axis direction L1, and each of the first major axis directions L1 is substantially Parallel to each other. In addition, the fin-shaped or blade-like structure of each of the first protruding portions 13 shown in FIG. 5A extends from the front end to the rear end of the tibial component 1 to present a complete arc structure, but the arrangement may also be as shown in FIG. 5B. As shown, the fin-like or blade-like structure of each of the first projections 13a extends from the central portion to the rear end to exhibit a semi-arc structure. As shown in FIG. 5C, in order to increase the structural strength of the joint portion 1c, the joint portion 1c is lowered at the time of implantation because of the low structural strength, and is broken by stress, and can be broken at the joint portion 1c. At least one first protruding portion 13c is added to the surface 12, and two additional examples are shown in the figure.

In addition, please refer to FIG. 5D to FIG. 5G again, which is also a schematic view of other aspects of the tibial component 1 of the artificial knee joint shown in FIG. 1 . When implanted in a manner other than the slide-in mode, the longitudinal direction of the first projection 13 may be set in the direction of the coronal plane of the knee joint or in other directions. That is, although as shown in FIG. 5D, the first projection 13 is disposed in the front-rear direction of the tibial component 1 and can be substantially parallel to the sagittal section of the patient's knee joint (sagittal Plane). However, as shown in Fig. 5E, the first projection 13 is still substantially disposed in the front-to-rear direction of the tibial component 1, but is not substantially parallel to the sagittal plane of the patient's knee joint. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 5F, the first convex portion 13 is disposed in the inner-outer direction of the tibial component 1 so as to be substantially parallel to the coronal plane direction of the knee joint. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 5G, the above-described installation direction may be combined, and the first protruding portion 13 is provided on the lower surface 12 of the tibial component 1 in a crisscross manner.

Similar to the design of the first protruding portion 13, in a preferred embodiment, in order to facilitate the use of the sliding implant mode, as shown in FIG. 2, the second protruding portions 23 of the femoral component 2 are respectively There is a second major axis direction L2, and each of the second major axis directions L2 is substantially parallel to each other. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, that is, each of the second protrusions 23 may extend from the front end to the rear end of the femoral component 2 to present a complete arc structure or only extend from the central portion of the femoral component 2 to the rear. The end is in a semi-arc structure. Alternatively, the second projection 23 may be disposed along the sagittal section of the knee joint, the direction of the coronal section, or a combination of other directions or directions.

Further, the artificial knee joint K in this embodiment further includes at least one pad 3. Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 3, the artificial knee joint K is exemplified by including two pads 3. The pad 3 is located between the tibial component 1 and the femoral component 2 and is engageable with the upper surface 11 of the first portion 1a and the second portion 1b of the tibial component 1, respectively. The upper surface 11 of the tibial component 1 can be in the form of a shallow disc-shaped concave surface, and the surface of the cushion 3 in contact with the upper surface 11 of the tibial component 1 is designed as a convex surface corresponding to the shallow disc-shaped concave surface. The pad 3 may have a circular recess, while the surface facing the femoral component 2 is designed to carry the outer crotch portion 2a or the medial crotch portion 2b of the femoral component 2 and a curved concave surface for sliding thereon, such that the pad 3 is provided It is equivalent to the function of the knee joint meniscus. After implantation into the knee joint of the patient, the femoral component 2 abuts against the pad 3 and the femoral component 2 is slidable or rotatable relative to the tibial component 1. The pad 3 has a first engaging portion 31, the first engaging portion 31 is engaged with the second engaging portion 16 of the tibia member 1, and the second engaging portion 16 on the tibia member 1 is adjacent to the first concave portion. The groove 15, that is, as shown in FIG. 3, in the present embodiment, the second engaging portion 16 on the tibial component 1 is disposed on the first portion 1a and the second portion 1b near the first groove 15. . As shown in FIG. 3, although the spacer 3 has a circular recess as an example, the present invention is not limited thereto. That is, the pad 3 may also have a disk shape without a circular recess, and only needs to have an arcuate concave surface that can carry the outer crotch portion 2a or the inner crotch portion 2b of the femoral component 2 and slide therewith. In this embodiment, the liner 3 is made of a biocompatible plastic, including but not limited to medical grade polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (polyethylene ether), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and poly Polycarbonate, PEI resin (Ultem ^® , Polyetherimide resin), Polysulfone, Polypropylene or Polyurethane. When the pad 3 is placed on the tibial component 1, in a preferred embodiment, the first engaging portion 31 of the pad 3 located on the inner side and the second engaging portion 16 of the tibial component 1 are only used. Connected to each other while the first engaging portion 31 of the pad 3 is in a round bar configuration and the second engaging portion 16 of the tibial component 1 is a circular perforation, so that the first engaging portion 31 of the pad 3 and the tibial member The second engaging portion 16 of 1 constitutes a pivotal structure, and the outer sides of the pad 3 and the tibial component 1 are not fixed, so that the femoral component 2 of the implanted artificial knee K can still be made relative to the tibial component 1. The axial rotation of the external rotation and the internal rotation to maintain the degree of freedom of external rotation and internal rotation of the knee joint of the postoperative patient. However, the present invention does not limit the configuration of the first engaging portion 31 of the pad 3 and the second engaging portion 16 of the tibial component 1. The first engaging portion 31 of the pad 3 may be the above-mentioned round bar. The configuration, or the first engaging portion 31a is a plug configuration as shown in FIG. 6B, or a bump or a bump as shown in FIG. 6C, such as, but not limited to, a hemispherical bump or a half moon bump. . In the preferred embodiment of the present embodiment, the first engaging portion 31 of the pad 3 and the second engaging portion 16 of the tibial component 1 can be fitted with a concave-convex fit. The invention is convex, and the invention is not limited.

In a preferred embodiment, the upper surface 11 of the tibial component 1 can have a concave surface and the depth therebetween is deeper than the depth of the front end. The pad 3 is easily assembled in a slide-in manner with the tibial component 1 when assembled in surgery. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, that is, in other embodiments, the pad 3 can be directly formed on the upper surface 11 of the tibial component 1 by encapsulation or embedding during manufacture, thereby eliminating the need for lining. The first engaging portion 31 of the pad 3 is engaged with the second engaging portion 16 of the tibial member 1. Alternatively, the liner 3 is snapped onto the upper surface 11 of the tibial component 1 at the time of delivery. Alternatively, the pad 3 and the tibial component 1 may be separated from each other until the pad 3 is engaged with the tibial component 1 until surgery is performed.

In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6B, the upper surface 11 of the tibial component 1 can be a concave shallow disc-shaped curved surface as described above, and the second engaging portion 16 of the tibial component 1 can be self-contained. The front end portion of the first portion 1a and the second portion 1b of the tibial component 1 extends to the middle portion to form a groove shape, and only the middle portion adjacent to the first groove 15 has a perforated configuration, so that the liner 3 In the case of assembly during surgery, it is easy to adopt a manner in which the front end of the tibial component 1 is slide-in, the first engaging portion 31a of the pad 3 is first contacted with the second member of the tibial component 1 The groove portion of the engaging portion 16 is restrained, and when the pad 3 continues to slide in, the first engaging portion 31a of the pad 3 slides to the perforated portion of the second engaging portion 16 of the tibial component 1 to pass through. Into the pad 3 to complete the engagement assembly with the tibial component 1.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 6A, in a preferred embodiment, the tibial component 1 may not have the connecting portion 1c, that is, the first portion 1a and the second portion 1b of the tibial component 1 are independently disposed. At the time of entry, they are each implanted on the corresponding tibial plateau.

In addition, the present invention also provides a tibial component 1 which is identical to the tibial component 1 of the aforementioned artificial knee K. The tibial component 1 includes an upper surface 11, a lower surface 12 opposite the upper surface 11, and a first groove 15, A groove 15 extends through the upper surface 11 and the lower surface 12 and is adapted to receive the anterior cruciate ligament ACL and the posterior cruciate ligament PCL. The tibial component 1 is provided with at least one first projection 13 on the lower surface 12, each of the first projections 13 having at least one first perforation 14. In addition, the connection relationship between the components and the different aspects of the detailed components of the tibial component 1 is the same as that described in the previous embodiment, and details are not described herein again.

Further, the present invention also provides a femoral member 2 identical to the femoral component 2 in the aforementioned artificial knee joint K, the femoral member 2 being disposed corresponding to the tibial component 1, and the upper surface 11 of the tibial component 1 carrying the femoral component 2. The femoral component 2 includes a second recess 25 for receiving the anterior cruciate ligament ACL and the posterior cruciate ligament PCL, and the femoral component 2 is provided with at least one second projection on the surface 21 remote from the tibial component 1 The second protrusions 23 each have at least one second through hole 24 . In addition, the connection relationship between the composition and the variation of the detailed components of the femoral component 2 and other components is the same as that described in the previous embodiment, and details are not described herein again.

In addition, the present invention also provides another artificial knee joint K' suitable for single ankle arthroplasty. Please refer to FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B , which are schematic diagrams of an artificial knee joint according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention. The artificial knee joint K' includes a tibial component 1' and a femoral component 2'. As shown in the figure, the artificial knee joint K' of the present embodiment is suitable for a single ankle artificial knee joint replacement surgery, so that the tibial component 1 of the present embodiment is compared to the femoral component 2 and the tibial component 1 of the preferred embodiment described above. 'The femoral component 2' has only a configuration corresponding to the femoral condyle and the tibial unitary portion, and corresponds to the medial condyle or the lateral condyle, which is not limited herein, and the technical field of the present invention has general knowledge. According to the drawings of the present invention and in conjunction with the following description, it is apparent that the artificial knee joint K' of the present embodiment is subjected to the corresponding detail configuration correction when applied to the medial or lateral condyle. The patella member 1' includes an upper surface 11' and a lower surface 12' opposite the upper surface 11', The bone member 1' is provided with at least one first projection 13' on the lower surface 12', and the present embodiment is described by taking a plurality of first projections 13' as an example. The first protrusions 13' each have at least one first through hole 14', and the present embodiment is also described by taking a plurality of first through holes 14' as an example. While the femoral component 2' is generally arcuate, corresponding to the tibial component 1', and the upper surface 11' of the tibial component 1' carries the femoral component 2' (the femoral component 2' is directed toward the surface 22' of the tibial component 1' The femoral component 2' is loaded onto the upper surface 11' of the tibial component 1' and the femoral component 2' is oriented against the upper surface 11' of the tibial component 1', or by cushioning of the pad 3'. The surface 22' of the tibial component 1' is indirectly loaded in direct contact with the upper surface 11' of the tibial component 1 '), while the femoral component 2' is slidably disposed on the tibial component 1 '. After the tibial component 1' is implanted in the tibial plateau of the patient, the first projection 13' is inserted into the tibial plateau.

The femoral component 2' is provided with at least one second projection 23' on the surface 21' away from the tibial component 1', and the present embodiment is described by taking a second projection 23' as an example. The second projection 23' has at least one second through hole 24, and the present embodiment is exemplified by the provision of a plurality of second through holes 24'. After the femoral component 2' is implanted in the patient's knee joint, the second projection 23' is inserted into the corresponding femoral condyle.

In this embodiment, the tibial component 1' of the artificial knee joint K' and the femoral component 2' and the pad 3' used therewith have the corresponding changes in addition to the one-piece artificial knee joint replacement surgery, and the remaining components The connection relationship between the detailed composition, the change mode and other components is the same as that described in the previous embodiment, and will not be described herein.

In addition, the present invention also provides another tibial component 1' which is identical to the tibial component 1' in the aforementioned artificial knee K', the tibial component 1' comprising an upper surface 11' and a lower surface 12' opposite the upper surface 11' . The tibial component 1' is provided with at least one first projection 13' on the lower surface 12', each of the first projections 13' having at least one first perforation 14'. In addition, the connection relationship between the composition and the change of the detailed components of the tibial component 1' and the other components is the same as that described in the previous embodiment, and will not be described herein.

In addition, the present invention also provides another femoral component 2' which is identical to the femoral component 2' in the aforementioned artificial knee joint K', the femoral component 2' is disposed corresponding to the tibial component 1', and the femoral component 2' is away from the tibial component 1' The surface 21' is provided with at least one second protrusion 23', and each of the second protrusions 23' has at least one second through hole 24'. In addition, the connection relationship between the composition and the variation of each of the detailed members of the femoral component 2' and the other components is the same as that described in the previous embodiment. Let me repeat.

According to the present invention, the artificial knee joint and the tibia member and the femoral component, the tibia member and the femoral component according to the present invention are respectively provided with at least one first protruding portion and second protruding portion, and each first protruding portion And the second protrusion respectively have at least one first through hole and at least one second through hole. After the tibial plateau and the femoral component are respectively implanted into the tibial plateau and the femoral condyles, the first protrusion is inserted into the tibial plateau, and the second protrusion is inserted into the femoral condyle, the trabecular bone (bone trabeculae) will grow through the first perforation and the second perforation during post-operative healing, thereby securing the tibial component and the femoral component to its implantation site. At the same time, if the artificial knee joint needs to be replaced later, the replacement of the tibial component or the femoral component can also be fixed by the growth of the trabecular bone in the first perforation and the second perforation without additional bone. The nail is fixed to reduce the damage to the patient.

In addition, the artificial knee joint and the tibial component and the femoral component according to the present invention have the above-mentioned effects, and in one embodiment, the tibial component and the femoral component further are respectively provided with the knee cruciate ligament for accommodating the patient. The first groove and the second groove are arranged corresponding to each other, so that the orthopedic surgeon can adopt a cruciate ligament retention type operation during the total knee arthroplasty operation to maintain the stability of the postoperative joint and thereby reduce the new Wear of the joints.

The above is intended to be illustrative only and not limiting. Any equivalent modifications or alterations to the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included in the scope of the appended claims.

K‧‧‧Artificial knee joint

1‧‧ ‧ humeral components

1a‧‧‧Part 1

1b‧‧‧Part II

1c, 2c‧‧‧ link

11‧‧‧ upper surface

12‧‧‧ Lower surface

13‧‧‧First bulge

14‧‧‧First perforation

15‧‧‧First groove

2‧‧‧ femoral components

2a‧‧‧lateral crotch

2b‧‧‧ medial ankle

21, 22‧‧‧ surface

23‧‧‧Second bulge

24‧‧‧Second perforation

25‧‧‧second groove

3‧‧‧ cushion

Claims (27)

An artificial knee joint comprising: a tibia member comprising an upper surface, a lower surface opposite the upper surface, and a first recess, the first recess extending through the upper surface and the lower surface for receiving a cruciate ligament is disposed on the lower surface of the plurality of first protrusions, each of the first protrusions having at least one first perforation, wherein the first protrusions are respectively a knife a sheet extending along the anterior-posterior side to implant a tibia in a anterior-posterior direction; and a femoral component carrying the femoral component, the femoral component comprising a second recess a second groove for receiving the cruciate ligament, and the femoral member is provided with a plurality of second protrusions on a surface away from the one of the tibial members, the second protrusions each having at least one The second through hole, wherein the second protruding portions are respectively in a blade shape and extend along the front side-rear side. The artificial knee joint of claim 1, wherein each of the first projections is gradually thinned along a direction in which it extends. The artificial knee joint according to claim 1, wherein each of the second projections is gradually thinned along an extending direction thereof. The artificial knee joint of claim 1, wherein the first protruding portions each have a first major axis direction, and the first major axis directions are substantially parallel to each other. The artificial knee joint of claim 1, wherein the second protruding portions each have a second major axis direction, and the second major axis directions are substantially parallel to each other. The artificial knee joint of claim 1, wherein the first groove divides the tibial component into a first portion and a second portion, and the first portion and the second portion are connected via a joint portion link. The artificial knee joint according to claim 6, wherein at least one of the first protruding portions is disposed at the joint portion. The artificial knee joint of claim 1, wherein each of the first protrusions has a plurality of the first perforations, the first perforations being adjacent to the tibial component in a direction away from the tibial component Distributed by sparse to dense. The artificial knee joint of claim 1, wherein each of the second protrusions has a plurality of the second perforations, the second perforations being adjacent to the femoral component away from the femoral component Distributed in a sparsely dense manner. The artificial knee joint of claim 1, further comprising at least one pad disposed between the tibial component and the femoral component and disposed on the upper surface of the tibial component. The artificial knee joint according to claim 10, wherein the cushion has a first engaging portion, and the first engaging portion is engaged with a second engaging portion of the tibial member, the second The engaging portion is adjacent to the first groove. The artificial knee joint of claim 10, wherein the femoral component abuts the pad and the femoral component is relatively movable with the tibial component by the pad. A tibial component includes: an upper surface, a lower surface opposite the upper surface, and a first groove extending through the upper surface and the lower surface for receiving a cruciate ligament, The tibia member is provided with a plurality of protrusions on the lower surface, each of the protrusions having at least one perforation, wherein the protrusions are respectively formed in a blade shape and extend along the front side-rear side so that The tibial component is implanted into the tibia in the anterior-posterior direction. The tibial component of claim 13, wherein each of the projections is gradually thinned in a direction in which it extends. The tibia member according to claim 13, wherein the bulging portions each have a major axis direction, and the major axis directions are substantially parallel to each other. The tibial component of claim 13, wherein the first groove divides the tibial component into a first portion and a second portion, and the first portion and the second portion are connected via a joint portion . The tibia member according to claim 16, wherein at least one of the first protrusions is disposed at the joint. The tibial component of claim 13, wherein each of the projections has a plurality of the perforations distributed from the tibial component in a direction away from the tibial component to be distributed in a sparse manner. The tibial component according to claim 13 is further provided with at least one pad disposed on the upper surface of the tibial component. The tibia member according to claim 19, wherein the lining has a first engaging portion, and the first engaging portion is engaged with a second engaging portion of the tibia member, the second card The joint is adjacent to the first groove. A femoral component corresponding to a tibial component, wherein the tibial component carries the femoral component, the femoral component comprising: a second groove for receiving a cruciate ligament and away from the tibial component One of the surfaces is provided with a plurality of protrusions each having at least one perforation, wherein the protrusions are respectively formed in a blade shape and extending along the front side-rear side to make the femoral component The blade-like projections are inserted into a femur. The femoral component according to claim 21, wherein each of the projections is gradually thinned in a direction in which it extends. The femoral component according to claim 21, wherein the projections each have a major axis direction, and the major axis directions are substantially parallel to each other. The femoral component of claim 21, wherein each of the protrusions has a plurality of the perforations, the perforations being distributed from the femoral component away from the femoral component in a sparsely dense manner. . An artificial knee joint comprising: a tibial component comprising an upper surface and a lower surface opposite to the upper surface, the tibial component being provided with a first protrusion on the lower surface, the first protrusion having at least one a first perforation, wherein the first protrusion is in the shape of a blade and extends along the anterior-rear side to implant the tibia in a anterior-posterior direction; and a femoral component, The tibial component carries the femoral component, the femoral component is provided with a second protrusion on a surface away from the tibial component, the second protrusion has at least one second perforation, wherein the second protrusion is It is in the shape of a blade and extends along the front side - the back side. A patella member comprising: an upper surface, and a lower surface opposite the upper surface, the tibia member having a protrusion on the lower surface, the protrusion having at least one perforation, wherein the bulge Department A blade shape and extending along the anterior-rear side to implant the tibia in the anterior-posterior direction. A femoral component corresponding to a tibial component, wherein the tibial component carries the femoral component, the femoral component comprising: a protrusion disposed on a surface away from the tibial component, the protrusion having at least one perforation, wherein the protrusion has at least one perforation The projection is in the shape of a blade and extends along the anterior-rear side to allow the femoral component to be inserted into the femur by the blade-like projection.