TWI505821B - Audio reading and writing system - Google Patents

Description

Voiced reading and writing system

The invention relates to an audible reading and writing system, in particular to a blind audible reading and writing system for blind people.

The audio-visual system is an important conduit for people with visual disabilities. Through the operation of the audio-visual system, visually impaired people can obtain all kinds of information, such as life information and entertainment information.

In foreign countries, the development of audio-visual systems for visually impaired people has already developed various standardized portable audio-visual reading and writing systems, such as BrailleNote, PAC Mate Omni, blind PDA accessories and audiobook playback. (DAISY, Digital Accessible Information System), etc. These systems are medium in size and easy to carry, but the manufacturing cost of the hardware is very high, which affects the price of the system, and these systems can only provide English input and cannot be done. Chinese input, the operating system used by the software architecture and the dedicated software, not only do not support Chinese and the copyright amount is also quite expensive, there is almost no room for promotion in Taiwan.

However, in the domestic part, there is a serious lack of portable digital reading and writing devices such as foreign audio-visual reading and writing systems, blind PDA accessories or DAISY. Only Chinese-language screen reading software, such as guide blinds, has been developed in China. Chinese culture of mouse, clear blind information system and other foreign products (such as JAWS), but these are software used on personal computers (PC) or notebook computers (NB); Tamkang University Blind Computer Center The "Super Point" Braille display developed by the company is a computer output device, but it must also work with specific software.

Therefore, the domestic focus is on developing software and hardware and peripheral devices for PCs and NBs for visually impaired people. Although PCs and NBs have many functions, they can edit files and play MP3 files (to listen to music and read). E-books, but there are the following significant disadvantages in the use of visually impaired people: (1) the size and weight are still too large, and it is not convenient to carry; (2) using complicated operating systems (such as WINDOWS or LINUX), there are complicated The booting procedure takes a long time and is very inconvenient when it is urgent to take notes. (3) There are many keyboard keys, which are difficult to remember and find the button position.

Therefore, it is necessary to develop a blind voice reading and writing system that can adapt to the Chinese language family and has a simple structure, reasonable price, and no software copyright issues. For the sake of his position, the applicant has been able to overcome the above shortcomings in the light of the lack of knowledge in the prior art, through careful experimentation and research, and the spirit of perseverance. A brief description.

The invention provides an audio reading and writing system, which is a set of accessories for the visually impaired to carry and record notes and e-books. It also integrates clocks, calculators, reading e-books, listening to music, recording and other functions. It can also be used as a braille keyboard and a pen drive for personal computers when connected to a personal computer or laptop.

The input interface of the invention adopts mechanical buttons, including nine buttons representing different numbers and meanings, for the visually impaired to use the braille to input text, edit files and make notes; the output device is a speaker or a headset. The voice responds to the user's request; in addition to editing and reading the text form of the file, the present invention can even play music or e-book sound files in mp3 format.

Furthermore, the audible read/write system of the present invention can be connected to a personal computer using a USB interface, and can be regarded as a keyboard using a braille input or a flash drive for storing files, which can completely replace the software without installing software. The keyboard of the personal computer allows the visually impaired to use the braille to input the computer. When used as a portable disc, it can transfer the file to and from the personal computer, save the edited file to the personal computer, or send the e-book of the personal computer to the notebook. The system is for reading.

Furthermore, the Chinese vocal reading and writing system of the present invention solves the following technical problems, including (1) making the blind computer portable; (2) being able to start up quickly; (3) being able to input Chinese; (4) not having to use another Install the software's Braille keyboard; and (5) Integrate multiple daily use functions into one machine.

Therefore, according to the first concept of the present invention, a portable vocal read/write system is provided, which includes a dot code input interface, including a plurality of mechanical buttons for generating an input signal representing a dot code; and a microprocessor module It is electrically coupled to the dot code input interface, and processes the input signal and transmits it to an external computer.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, an audible read/write system is provided, comprising a mechanical key input interface for a user to input a signal; and a microprocessor module and the mechanical key input interface Electrically coupled and processing the signal and transmitting it to an external computer.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, an audible read/write system is provided, comprising a dot code input interface, comprising a plurality of mechanical buttons for generating an input signal representing a dot code; an output device; and a microprocessor module And electrically coupled to the dot code input interface and the output device, and process the input signal and actuate the output device accordingly.

The case will be fully understood by the following examples, so that the familiar version The person skilled in the art can complete it, but the implementation of this case is not limited to the implementation form by the following implementation cases.

First, the system architecture

Please refer to the first figure, which is a schematic diagram of the hardware architecture of the voiced read/write system of the present invention. The hardware architecture of the vocal read/write system 10 of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, the following electronic circuit modules: a communication interface module 12 or a microprocessor module electrically coupled directly or indirectly to the main data bus 11 The group 13, the memory module 14, the storage medium module 15, the audio module 16, the dot code input module 17, the power module 18, and the clock module 19.

The main bus bar 11 further includes more sub-bus bars 11a, such as an address bus or a data bus. The communication interface module 12 is preferably a serial communication interface, for example, a universal string. The ISP interface 10 can be electrically coupled to other electronic devices through the communication interface module 12, for example, electrically coupled to a personal computer (PC) or a notebook computer (NB). And the file exchange; the microprocessor module 13 is preferably a single-chip microprocessor AT89C51SND1C, which requires a read-only memory (ROM) with 64K bytes for storage, 128K bytes of read and write memory ( The RAM module 14 is for storing data. Therefore, the memory module 14 preferably includes 64K ROM and 128K RAM. The storage medium module 15 is preferably a variety of portable readable-writable digital memory cards, such as a CF memory card and SDXC. Memory card, SDHC memory card, SD memory card, MMC memory card or Flash memory for storing sound data and files.

The audio module 16 includes a decoding circuit of the MP3, a decoding (digital to analog conversion) circuit of a general sound file, a sound amplifying circuit, a built-in speaker and a headphone interface, and the like; the dot code input module 17 includes a plurality of dot word buttons. The numeric buttons are designed to allow the blind to enter the Braille Code. The arrangement of the numeric buttons is as shown in the second figure. There are nine numeric buttons, each of which represents the Arabic numerals 1~9, and is set to represent a specific Features.

The power module 18 includes a 6.5 volt rectifier and a built-in rechargeable battery. The 6.5 volt rectifier can be connected to a 110 volt AC power supply. The system's power can be supplied via a rectifier, and the rechargeable battery can be charged, or the system power can be used. Available via built-in rechargeable battery.

The microprocessor module 13 is the core of the whole system, and controls the execution of all the operations. The program memory of the memory module 14 is used to store the code, and the data memory of the memory module 14 is used to store the program to be changed during execution. The data includes the edited file, the temporary storage area of the disk read/write data, etc., and the communication interface module 12 uses a USB2.0 communication protocol for connecting to the personal computer, and the dot code input module 17 connects the nine braille buttons to the micro The processor module 13 is configured to allow the visually impaired to input commands and characters. The clock module 19 can continue to operate when the power is turned off, maintaining the correct timing, and the storage media module 15 is used to store files, including the sound used by the system. File, text code file and user's file file and music file.

Please refer to the third figure, which is a schematic diagram of the appearance of the audible read/write system of the present invention. The vocal read/write system 30 in the third figure includes a power plug 31 for connecting to an alternating current power source via a rectifier, and a USB socket 32 for connecting. The personal computer, the earphone plug 33 is used to connect the earphone or the external speaker, and the function selection switch 34 is used to select an operation function, such as editing a file mode, playing an MP3 mode, a USB keyboard mode or a flash drive mode, and the voice reading and writing system 30 further includes a power switch. 35. The nine Braille buttons 36 and the built-in speaker 37, the overall size of the vocal read/write system 30 is designed to be easily carried and used by the visually impaired person. In particular, the Braille button 36 should preferably use a mechanical button, and It protrudes from the surface of the casing of the vocal reading and writing system 30, and the size is not excessively miniaturized, so that the visually impaired person can input the operation with a finger.

In general, the vocal read/write system of the present invention uses a single-chip microprocessor AT89C51SND1C as a central processing unit, with a 64K byte read-only memory for storing programs, and 128K bytes for reading and writing memory for storing data. There is also an SD slot for inserting an SD memory card to store sound data and files. The system has a USB serial communication port that can be connected to a personal computer (PC), which can be used to transfer files to a PC, or to treat the system as It is a Braille keyboard for PC.

When the system is operated alone (not connected to the PC), it can be regarded as a portable notebook (Wide Word Editor), clock, calculator and MP3 music player. When connected to a personal computer, it can be regarded as a flash drive or a Braille keyboard. . The operation mode is set by a slide switch at the rear of the system. When the system is operated alone, the slide switch is turned to the left, it is the Braille editor mode; when it is pulled to the right, it is the MP3 player, when the system is connected to the PC, it slides. When the switch is turned to the left, it is the Braille keyboard mode; when it is turned to the right, it is the storage device (spindle) mode.

When the system is operated alone, it cannot be connected to the PC. If it is not connected to the 110 volt AC power supply, the system power supply is provided by the built-in rechargeable battery. If a 6.5 volt rectifier is used to connect to the 110 volt AC power supply, the system The power supply is provided by this rectifier, and the battery can also be charged. There are two operation modes for the single operation, namely the Braille editor mode and the MP3 music player mode. When operating in the Braille editor mode, the rear sliding should be performed. After the switch is turned to the left to turn on the power switch, the system says "Drama Editor Version 3.0", and then the file can be edited.

The text input is a bit of a word and the squid input method. When you want to operate in the MP3 player mode, you should turn the rear slide switch to the right. After turning on the power, the system will say "MP3 player", then you can view it. And playing music files, MP3 music can also be played in the Braille editor mode, but you need to use text commands, in the MP3 player mode, there is a more convenient way of operation.

If the system is connected to the PC via a USB cable, the power is supplied from the USB slot of the PC. At this time, it is not possible to connect to the AC power supply. The power switch has no effect. If the rear slide switch is turned to the left before connecting, the system will Say "USB keyboard", then it's the keyboard of the PC. If you slide the slide switch to the right, the system will say "USB disk", then it will act like a PC's flash drive.

The input device of the operating system is a keyboard consisting of a set of nine buttons. The output device is a speaker, which guides the user's operating system with sound, tells the operating status of the system, and can read the contents of the file file via the speaker according to the user's instruction. Out.

The auxiliary memory used to store the files uses removable SD memory. Currently, SD memory with a capacity of 2G bytes or less can be used. Some of the locations are used to store the basic files of the system, including storing sound data. The CEWAVE.WAV file, the BOSHM.DCT file for storing the shrimp input method, and the PHONETIC.100 file for storing the Chinese pronunciation table. The remaining capacity can be stored in the user file. There are 1490 Chinese sounds, each of which accounts for 4K. The location of the byte (the sampling rate is 11025 times per second, the 4K byte is about 0.36 seconds), and there are 26 English letters and two special sounds (as a warning or reminder), a total of 1518 Sound, which accounts for 6072K bytes.

There is a rechargeable battery inside the system, so it can be operated without connecting to the AC power supply. In order to save the power consumption when the user does not use it for a long time and does not turn off the power, the system will not perform any button action for more than 5 minutes after the user Automatically enter the power-saving mode, turn off the power of some circuits, only press <enter> to resume normal operation, press other keys will not respond, after the user presses <enter>, the system will issue "Dang" Sound, then you can continue the original action, that is, if the user is editing the file, the file status will still be edited; if it is in computer mode, it is still in computer mode, if the user is typing (text, time, or file name) The state can continue the original input action. If the user forgets the original operation state, the user can reboot. However, if the file was originally edited but not archived, the original edit result will be canceled and the user can press After the <enter> key, the system will make a "snap" sound, first use the sv or qu command to check whether it is in the file editing mode to ensure the original editing result, but save During the electrical mode, the system still needs power from the circuit. If the power is not turned off for a long time, the battery power may be completely consumed. At this time, the system cannot operate normally. Only when the AC power is plugged in and the power is turned on again, the normal operation can be performed. The original edited file will be Unable to archive.

The system can also be connected to the PC via a USB serial communication interface, which functions as (1) transferring files and (2) acting as a keyboard. That is, the user can transfer (download) the file in the PC disk to the system, and can also transfer (upload) the file of the system to the PC, and the user can also use the system as the keyboard of the PC, and the user can enter the file. Point code, the system will send the general keyboard code accepted by the PC. At this time, the audible read/write system of the present invention is only a normal keyboard for the PC, but a Braille keyboard for the user.

To be used as a PC keyboard, first turn the operating mode switch on the back of the system to the left. At this time, the power switch of the system will have no effect. The power supply is supplied by the USB slot of the PC. When the system is connected to the PC using a USB cable. The system says "USB keyboard". After that, the system is equivalent to a keyboard. You can use the phonetic input method (recommended by Microsoft's new phonetic input method) to edit files in the PC's word processing program (recommended for notebook). Users can use the file. Command, input a braille file into the word processing program by phonetic input. If the operation mode switch on the rear of the system is turned to the right, when connected to the PC, the system will say "USB disk", the user can Use your PC's file manager to download or upload files.

(1) Transfer files

The file name stored in the system can be up to 8 words long. It consists of English letters and Arabic numerals. After connecting the system to the PC, the user can see the icon in the file manager of the PC. After clicking on it, all the files will be displayed. The user can click on a file, use Notepad to edit it, or copy the file to the PC's drive. The user can also copy the PC file to the system. The file name of the PC is not only 8 words, but when the file is transferred from the PC to the system, only the first 8 words of the file name are retained. In the PC, the .brl format is used to store the dot code, which uses lowercase English. Letters, Arabic numerals and punctuation marks represent various dot codes. Users must convert the system edited Braille files into general text files in order to be read on a PC. The general text files on the PC must be converted into Braille. The format can be edited (read) on the system.

The system includes a word-and-word conversion program. By using the phonetic input method of the PC, the content of the word-point file is sent to the file editing program of the PC by the phonetic input method, and the automatic word selection by the phonetic input method is used to achieve the word-to-word conversion. The effect of the text, when operating this function, first open the file editing program "Notepad" on the PC, and set the Chinese input method to "Microsoft New Phonetic Input Method", then set the input method to English mode, then press ALT in the system. -O (press the word button 1, 3, 5, 8), then the system will ask for the file name. After the user enters the file name, the system will send the file content to the PC by phonetic input. After the file is transferred, the note will be recorded. The collected file can be archived. When this function is executed, the function of the system is the keyboard of the PC, and the action of the button is automatically generated by the system reading the content of the point file.

(2) Braille keyboard

When the system is used as a PC keyboard, the nine buttons are used to input the special functions of the general keyboard in addition to the input text used as a Braille editor.

Among them, the Braille button 7 is an ALT and SHIFT button, the Braille button 8 is an ENTER and an ALT button, and the Braille button 9 is a SPACE and CTRL button (a button has two functions, and the function written in the front is a single press. Written later is the function when pressed with other buttons). When the Braille button 7 is pressed alone, it is the ALT button; when pressed with other buttons, it is the SHIFT button. When the Braille button 8 is pressed alone, it is the ENTER button; when pressed with other buttons, it is the ALT button. When the Braille button 9 is pressed alone, it is the SPACE button; when pressed with other buttons, it is the CTRL button. More specifically, the ALT button is pressed at a different position when pressed separately and when pressed with other buttons. Since the user's 9-key keyboard and 6 buttons are used to input the braille, only 3 buttons are left for other functions. Referring to the keyboard of the PC, the user needs 3 buttons that are pressed simultaneously with other keys, namely SHIFT, CTRL, and ALT. The user also needs 2 commonly used buttons to be pressed separately, namely space and ENTER, sometimes the user You need to press the ALT key separately to point to the "File" option in the window. In order to use the remaining 3 buttons to place 3 buttons to be pressed simultaneously with other buttons and 3 buttons to be pressed separately, ALT is available. The keys are pressed individually and simultaneously with other keys to arrange at different locations.

The Braille keyboard of the vocal reading and writing system of the present invention has two input modes, namely, an English mode and a Chinese mode. After the keyboard is inserted into a personal computer (USB slot), the input method is preset to the English mode, and the Chinese input should be entered. SHIFT-SPACE (dash button 7, 9), the input method is changed to phonetic, at the same time, this keyboard will send CTRL-SPACE code to the personal computer, change the input method of the personal computer to phonetic (preferably natural input method or Microsoft's new phonetic input method), press SHIFT-SPACE again, the input method will be converted back to English mode, and the Arabic numerals must be entered in English mode.

In addition to inputting text, the system also has built-in dot code for special buttons for the visually impaired. For example, the following table:

Second, the definition of the operating system and its operating instructions

In order to overcome the copyright problem, the system is developed in addition to the Chinese voice software, including the underlying operating system, so there is no copyright issue. The operating system's operating instructions are divided into four categories: (1) file operations, (2) clock settings and timekeeping actions, (3) voice control commands, and (4) MP3 file playback, with some voice control commands waiting The file editing command state can also be operated, including: a sound speed setting command sp, a response (read) button control command en(ef), and a punctuation command control command pn(pf).

(1) File operation

There are four file formats processed by the system, that is, the file names and sub-directories of the TXT, BRL, and MP3 files are edited. When the file is edited, the phone files that can be edited are a bit of a phonetic file (the file name is BRL) and the text form. The file file (the file name is TXT), the user can use the MD command to replace the file format to be edited. After booting, the default format is BRL file. After each MD command is input, the file format will be changed to another file. When editing the BRL file, the phonetic input method is used. When editing the TXT file, the input method of the shrimp rice is used. When the file name is read, only the file of the selected mode is read.

File operation instructions include reading the file name, deleting the file, restoring the file, copying the file, changing the file, and editing a file.

To read the file name, first press di, then press <enter>, the system will read the name of all files, and if you press ## (points 3, 4, 5, 6), you should press another number. The system will only read the name of the file. The order in which the files are stored in the SD memory is the file number, starting from 0 and stored in turn. If the user erases a file, its location will be vacant, which will make the file The number is not continuous, but when you edit the new file later, you will find the space at the beginning of the SD memory and fill in the discontinuous file number.

To erase the file, press de, then press <space> to indicate that you want to erase a file. The system will ask the user to enter the file name. If you press ##, you should enter a number and the system will erase the specified file. If you press ctrl-a to indicate that you want to erase all files, the system will ask if you want to erase all files. If the user presses "Y", all files will be erased. If the user presses any other key, it means Give up that instruction.

The deleted file can be restored. To restore a file, press ud and enter its file name. Since the file is erased, the system will store the first word of the file name in the flash memory with the special code 0E5H. To indicate that there is no file in the memory location. When restoring the file, the file name entered is actually only compared with the second word of the file name of the flash file. As long as the file name is the second word. If the words match, the file will be restored to the specified file name. When searching for the file, it will start from file 0, first find the matching file, and then be restored to the specified file name, for example: the user's original two files Named ab1 and bb1, and ab1 is placed in front. Now, the two files are erased with the del command, but you want to restore bb1. If you press ud bb1, the original ab1 will be restored to bb1. The user first uses ud ab1 to restore the previous ab1 to restore bb1 with ud bb. Of course, the user also needs to use a ab1 to eliminate the ab1. If the user pays attention when naming the file, do not make the file name only If you are the first word, you can avoid it. This trouble.

To change the name of an archive, press rn and the system will ask the user for the original name and the name to be changed, and then change the name of the archive.

To copy the name of a file, first press cp. The system will ask the user for the name of the source file and the name of the destination file, and then generate a new file with the same contents as the original file.

To edit a file, first press ed, then press <enter>, the system will ask for the file name, and after the user enters the file name, it indicates that it is a new file or an old file, and then enters the file editing state, if you press again After ed, press ##, then you should press another number, the system will find the corresponding file and enter the editing state. If you press ed and press the space (point 9), the system will read the name of the first file. After each space is pressed, the system will read the name of the next file until the user presses <enter>, the system will start editing the selected file.

To read the contents of the file, first press rd, then press <enter>, the system will ask for the file name, and then read the contents of the corresponding file. If you press the space, the system will read the name of the first file. After each space is pressed, the system will read the name of the next file until the user presses <enter>, the system will start to read the contents of the selected file.

(2) Clock setting and timekeeping action

The system has a clock integrated circuit that continues to operate even if it is not turned on, and records the correct time. The clock control commands have functions such as timekeeping, setting time, and alarm.

Both the time and time settings are divided into date and time. The date code is da. After playing these two letters, if the user hits <enter>, it means that the time will be reported. The system will read the year and month. , day, and week, if the user types <space>, it means that the date is set, and the system will in turn guide the user to enter the values of the year, month, day, and week.

The command code of the time is ti, which is the same as the date command. Then, <enter> is displayed, indicating that the system will read the time and minutes. If the user hits <space>, it means that the time is set, and the system will guide in turn. The user enters values for hours, minutes, and seconds.

The values of year, month, day, ... in the command need to input two digits, but you do not need to press the numeric symbol (points 3, 4, 5, 6) first. If there is an input error during operation, for example: When the non-numeric code is pressed, the system will send an error message (beep), stop the command without making changes, and the user must re-enter to complete the time modification action.

The command code for setting the alarm time is al<space>, after which the system will in turn guide the user to enter the value of the hour and minute of the alarm.

After the alarm time is set, the alarm must be started with the sa command, and a warning sound will be issued at the scheduled time. The warning sound will automatically stop after ten seconds. After the alarm starts, if the alarm is not stopped using the ea command, the next time At the same time, an alarm is issued again. Whenever the power is turned on, the alarm is stopped, but the set time still exists and will not disappear due to the shutdown.

(3) Sound control command

The user can use the sp command to change the speed of the system text. If you press 1 to indicate high speed, 2 means medium speed, 3 means slow speed, and each word occupies 4K bytes in the system's flash memory. Position, slow speed, 4K bytes of sound data are sent out, about 0.36 seconds, at medium speed, only send 3K bytes of sound data, each word takes 0.27 seconds, fast, 3K bits The sound data of the group is accelerated, and each word takes about 0.2 seconds, and the sound frequency becomes high.

The volume control is based on the vo command. The system provides three levels of volume, namely loud, medium and low. After the user enters vo, they then enter 1, 2 or 3 to select them separately.

The user can choose whether to type the key code when typing the command and inputting the text when editing the file. To read the key code, you should hit en, and don't read it and hit ef.

Users can also choose to read punctuation when reading a piece of text in the edit file; if so, then pn; if not, should play pf; en (ef) and pn (pf) are system operations Instructions, but can also be executed in file editing.

(4) Playback of MP3 files

The user can use the dm command to view the MP3 sound file. The command format is the same as the di command for viewing the point file. The command to play the music is mp. If the a button is pressed (point 1), the first song starts. Play all the music files in turn. If you play mp, if you hit <enter> after playing mp, the file name will be asked, and after the user enters the file name, the corresponding music file will be played. If you press mp Then press ##, and then press another number, then only play the corresponding song in the directory order. If the space is followed by mp, the system will read the name of the first file, and then press each space. The system will read the name of the next file in order, until the user presses <enter>, the system will start playing the selected file; during music playback, the user can press the enter key to end the music, and the user can also press the point 1 To increase the volume, press point 2 to decrease the volume.

If the user turns the slide switch on the back of the system to the right before turning on the power, after the system is turned on, the system will say "MP3 player" and enter the MP3 player mode. At this time, the function of each button will be as defined in the fourth figure. .

The user can press the Braille button 1 (volume up button) to increase the volume, press the Braille button 2 (volume down button) to decrease the volume, and press the Braille button 4 (the next song button) to view (select) For the song title of the next song, press the Braille button 5 (previous song button) to view the song name of the previous song, and press the Braille button 6 (broadcast all button) to play all MP3 files after the file index. When viewing the song name, the user's index can be played by pressing the Braille button 9 (play/enter directory key). Similarly, when the song is playing, the user can press the enter button to end the playback. Press the Braille button 1 to increase the volume, the Touch button 2 to decrease the volume, the Braille button 4 to jump to the next song, and the Braille button 5 to jump to the previous song, and the user can press the button Word button 3 (next directory key) to view (and move the indicator to) the next subdirectory in the current directory, after which the user can press the braille button 9 to enter the subdirectory, to return to the previous directory, Press the Braille button 7 (upper directory key), during the song playback, press the Braille button 8 (stop the play button) will stop Song playback.

Third, the operating system menu operation

In the above-mentioned operating system operation instructions, a large number of operation instructions make it difficult for the user to remember these instructions. In order to facilitate the operation, a menu (MENU) type operation mode is added to the operation system, and the user only needs to click The blank key, the system will move the menu indicator to the next item, and read its function. If the user wants to select this function, just press the <enter> key, the system will start executing or enter the next level menu, so the user does not have to It is also easy to operate the system with various operation instructions, and the text type operation instructions can still be operated in parallel.

After the system is turned on, the menu indicators are at the top, and the options are (1) file processing, (2) playing MP3 files, (3) clock management, (4) computer, (5) sound management, (6) sub-directory processing, and (7) Read the contents of the file. Each time the user presses the blank button, the indicator refers to the next item and reads its function. If the user presses the <enter> key in an option, the option is selected, then the next level menu is executed or the function is executed. . In this menu, selecting the computer function will enter the computer mode operation, which is equivalent to executing the ca command. Selecting the rest of the options will take you to the next level of the menu.

If the user selects the file processing option, the options for the next level menu are (1) look at the file directory, (2) edit the old file, (3) edit the new file, (4) remove the file, (5) rename the file, (6) Copy the file, and (7) go back to the previous menu. Select one of the options, which is equivalent to executing the above instructions such as di<enter>, ed<space>, ed<enter>, de, rn, and cp. Selecting the "View File Directory" option will read the files in turn. Name, select the "Edit old file" option, each time you press the space bar, you will read a file name in turn, until you press enter to select the file to be edited, select other options, then ask the file name to be processed, select "Edit" The Old File or Edit New File option will also go to the next level of the menu.

For example, if the user chooses to play the MP3 file option, the options for the next level menu are (1) look at the file directory, (2) play all, (3) select the MP3 file, and (4) go back to the previous menu. Select one of the options, which is equivalent to executing the above instructions such as dm<enter>, pma<enter>, and pm<space>.

If the user selects the clock management option, the options for the next level menu are (1) watch time, (2) watch date, (3) set clock, (4) set date, (5) set alarm, (6) start alarm, (7) Stop the alarm, and (8) go back to the previous menu. Select one of the options, which is equivalent to executing the aforementioned ti<enter>, da<enter>, ti<space>, da<space>, al<space>, sa<enter>, and ea<enter> instructions.

If the user selects the sound management option, the options for the next level menu are (1) fast, (2) medium speed, (3) slow speed, (4) response, (5) no response, (6) reading punctuation, (7) ) Do not read the punctuation, and (8) go back to the previous menu. Select one of the options, which is equivalent to executing the aforementioned sp3<enter>, sp2<enter>, sp1<enter>, en<enter>, ef<enter>, pn<enter>, and pf<enter> instructions.

If the user selects the subdirectory processing option, the options for the next level menu are (1) read the subdirectory name, (2) change to the subdirectory, (3) the previous directory, and (4) go back to the previous menu. Select one of the options, which is equivalent to executing the aforementioned ds<enter>, cd<space>, and cu<enter> instructions.

If the user reads the text file content option, the options for the next level menu are (1) reading the BRL file content, (2) reading the TXT file content, and (3) going back to the previous menu. Regardless of whether the input mode is phonetic or squid, you can select the .BRL or .TXT file to read, and the input mode will not change.

The options for selecting the next level menu for the "Edit Old File" or "Edit New File" options are (1) cursor forward, (2) cursor backward, (3) read text, (4) insert text, (5) remove Text, (6) find string, (7) mark processing, (8) save file, and (9) end editing, etc., select the "insert text" option is equivalent to pressing the i command, then you can enter the input The text is not pressed ctrl-x to end the text insertion action. Selecting the "Find String" option is equivalent to pressing the f command. The system will ask for the string to be searched. After the user enters the string, press <enter> and the system will From the cursor position at the time, start looking for the string entered by the user. Selecting the "Save File" option is equivalent to pressing the sv command. The system saves the edited file to the file. Selecting the "End Edit" option is equivalent to pressing the command. The editing action will end and return to the top menu.

The options for the next level of the "Cursor Forward" option are (1) next symbol, (2) next word, (3) next line, (4) line ending, (5) next paragraph, (6) file ending. , (7) the previous level menu.

The options for the next level menu of the "Cursor Backward" option are (1) the previous symbol, (2) the previous word, (3) the previous line, (4) the beginning of the line, (5) the previous paragraph, and (6) the beginning of the file. (7) The previous level menu.

The options for the next level menu of the "Read Text" option are (1) read a symbol, (2) read a word, (3) read a line, (4) read a paragraph, (5) read all, (6) go back one level Menu.

The options for the next level menu of the "Remove Text" option are (1) remove a symbol, (2) remove a word, (3) remove a line, (4) remove a paragraph, (5) remove a marker, (6) Go back to the previous menu.

The options for the next level menu of the Mark Handling option are (1) Set Mark, (2) Remove Mark, (3) Copy Mark, and (4) Go Back to the previous menu. They are in turn equivalent to the ctrl-c, ctrl-u, and ctrl-z instructions.

Fourth, the Braille editor and its operation instruction definition

In order to overcome the copyright problem, the software of this system, in addition to developing the operating system itself, also develops a simple Braille editor to facilitate the use of visually impaired people. When operating the Braille Editor, you should pull the slide switch on the left side backwards. At this point, turn on the power and you will hear the system say "Dictionary Editor Version 3.0".

The input device of the operating system is a set of a braille keyboard composed of nine buttons. As shown in the second figure, eight buttons (referred to as points 1, 2, 3, ... 8 for short) are used for inputting points. The word; the ninth button is ctrl used as a control key, and the dot code forms a special symbol (for example: space, line feed, and other control codes).

The operating system instructions are divided into three categories: (1) system operation instructions, (2) file editing instructions, and (3) numerical calculation instructions. After the user turns on the power, the system enters the waiting system operation command state. After the user enters the command to edit the file in the system operation command, the user enters the waiting file editing command state, and if the system operation command is entered, the startup calculation is started. When the instruction is ca, the numerical calculation instruction is entered.

In the following instruction format descriptions, in order to clearly separate the instruction code, file name, and special symbols, they are separated by spaces. In practice, these spaces are not required, and in the instruction, it is really necessary to make a space. The input method marked <space>, <space> is: just press ctrl. The input method of another special symbol <enter> is: press ctrl-m (press the dot code [point 1, 3, 4] and ctrl at the same time), the current point code input only uses point 1 to point 6. Six buttons, two buttons 7 and 8 are unused, and the button 8 is temporarily used as the <enter> button, that is, if only one button is pressed, the function is the same as pressing ctrl-m. For the effect, enter the <enter> code. If point 8 is pressed at the same time as other buttons, or point 7 is pressed alone or at the same time as other buttons, it is an error code.

Some instructions have multiple interval symbols, for example: file copy instruction cp<space> (source name) <space> (destination name) <enter> instruction code. The interval symbol is required to be separated between the cp, the source file name, and the destination file name. In the format, the interval symbol is <space>. In actual operation, <enter> is also correct. In some commands, <space> and < Enter> represents different meanings, for example: <time> and <enter> in the time command ti<enter> and changing the clock command ti<space> (minutes) (seconds) have different meanings.

For example, the input methods for defining various types of instructions are as follows:

(1) System operation instructions

Delete a file (specified name): de<space> (file name) <enter>

Eliminate a file (specified file number): de# (number) <enter>

Eliminate all files: de<ctrl-a><enter>

Restore a file (specified name): ud <space> (file name) <enter>

Copy a file: cp<space> (source name) <space> (destination name) <enter>

Rename a file (specified name): rn<space> (source name) <space> (destination name) <enter>

Edit a file (enter file editing state): ed<enter> (file name) <enter>

Edit the file name and select the file to edit it: ed<space>...<space>...<enter>

Enter the file number to edit a file: ed# (number) <enter>

Start the calculator (enter the numerical calculation state): ca<enter>

Set the clock: ti<space> (hours) (minutes) (seconds)

Read the time: ti<enter>

Set daytime: da<space>(year)(month)(day)(week)

Date of reading: da<enter>

Set the alarm time: al<space> (hours) (minutes)

Start the alarm: sa<enter>

Stop the alarm: ea<enter>

Sound speed changes to fast: sp1<enter>

The sound speed changes to medium speed: sp2<enter>

The sound speed changes to slow: sp3<enetr>

The volume changes to loud: vo1<enter>

The volume changes to medium: vo2<enter>

The volume changes to whisper: vo3<enter>

...

(2) Document editing instructions

Storage file (in the file editing state): sv<enter>

End editing: qu<enter>

Enter insert text mode: i

End insert text mode: ctrl-x

Read a symbol of the position pointed by the cursor (phonetic symbols, English letters...): pc

Read a word at the position indicated by the cursor: pw

Read a line: pl

Read a paragraph: pp

Read the entire file: pa

Read the position of the cursor (line number and number of cells): ctrl-n

Move the cursor to the specified line: ctrl-g (line number)

Move the cursor to the front (left) a symbol: l

...

(3) Numerical calculation instructions

Start the calculator: ca<enter>

Plus: + (points 3, 4, 6)

Minus: - (points 3, 6)

Multiply: * (point 1, 6)

Except: / (point 3, 4)

Equal to: space (point 9)

Decimal point: ‧ (points 4, 6)

Clear to zero: (point 7)

Change the sign: x

End calculator: q

The file editing instructions are divided into three categories: (1) insert text, (2) cursor control, (3) read text, (4) mark control, (5) remove text, and (6) file control.

To edit a file, use the ed command while waiting for system operation instructions. There are 3 formats, depending on whether the key is enter, space, or #:

(1) Edit a file (enter file editing state): ed<enter> (file name) <enter>

(2) Read the file name in turn and select the file to edit: ed<space>...<space>...<enter>

(3) Enter the file number to edit a file: ed# (number) <enter>

Using the first format, the system will ask for the file name, and after the user enters the file name, it indicates that it is a new file or an old file, and then enters the file editing state. Using the second format, the system will read the first one. The name of the file, and each time you press a space, the system will read the name of the next file. Until the user presses <enter>, the system will start editing the selected file. During the file selection process, you can abort the execution of this command by pressing ctrl-x (point 13469). If you use the third format, you should press another number. The system will find the corresponding file and enter the editing state.

If the specified file already exists, the system will read the old file from the SD memory and store it in the read/write memory. If the specified file does not exist, there will be no text in the read/write memory. The system will say when it is ready. "Old file" or "new file", and then read the name of the file, the system is waiting for the file editing command state, can only be used for control actions, can not enter text into the file.

(1) Insert text

To add text to a file, use the Insert Text command i (for insert) to enter the text insertion mode. Any key before entering this mode is treated as an instruction code for proper processing (error message gives an error message) .

In the text insertion mode, any dot code is stored as text in the memory. Only a few control codes have control actions. Press ctrl-q to stop the sound output (in fact, when the text is inserted, there will be no long The sentence is pronounced; press ctrl-q is equivalent to no action), press ctrl-x to exit the text insertion mode, return to receive the edit control command state, press ctrl-n to make the system read the line number and segment number of the cursor position And the number of cells.

(2) Cursor control

The cursor can move forward or backward by a symbol (phonetic symbol, English letter, or punctuation, etc.), a word, a line, or a paragraph, or move to the first or last word of the line, moving the cursor to the previous and next lines will Move to the first word of the line, all cursor movement instructions have only one key code, and most of them are encoded according to their English meaning, the instruction code of the up one line is u (representing up); the instruction code of the next line is d (represents down); the instruction code to the left is l (representing left); the instruction code to the right is r (for right); the instruction code to the left is b (for backword); The instruction code of the word is w (representing word); the instruction code of the previous segment is ctrl-b; the instruction code of the backward segment is ctrl-f (representing forward); the instruction code of the first word moved to the row is 0; The instruction code of the last word moved to the line is x (representing end); the instruction code of the first word moved to all characters is ctrl-0; the instruction code of the last word moved to all characters is ctrl-e; The instruction code for searching a string is f (for find). When searching for a string, press f first, then enter the string. String can be up to 256 symbols, an input end, press the ENTER key to start the search, in the input process, you can press Ctrl-H to eliminate a symbol, in accordance with Ctrl-X to cancel this command.

The user can also use the g (for go) command to move the cursor to a specific line. After the user enters g and then enters a number (between 0 and 65535), the target moves to the first line of the line. If the specified line number exceeds the size of the file, the cursor will be moved to the end of the file.

After the user presses the f (search string) command, the system will wait for the user to input a string. After the user enters the string (ends with <enter>), if the system finds the string before, the cursor will be moved. To the first word of the first match, if you can't find it, you will say "can't find" and the cursor position will not change.

(3) Read the text

Read a text command, read a sentence, read a word, read a line, read a paragraph, and read all. When the instruction is next, first make a common instruction code p (for the nominal). For example, if you want to read a cell, then c (for Character), the system will read the symbol of the cursor position (phonetic symbol, English alphabet, or punctuation). If you want to read a word, then w (representing Word), the system will read a word (Chinese or English) at the cursor position, the end of a Chinese character is the four sounds of the phonetic symbol, and the end of an English word is a space, Point symbol, or line feed, sometimes in the middle of the text, the cursor position is not in the first box of the word (phonetic symbol), then only read the second half, or because the composed sound is not a normal Chinese sound and send an error message, To read a line, play l (for Line), the system will read the position of the cursor to the text before the line change, if you want to read a paragraph, then play p (for Paragraph), the system will read the position of the cursor to the end of this paragraph For text, two <enter> should be used as the interval between the two segments. If you want to read all, then a (for All), the system will read the cursor position to the end of the file.

The instruction to read the punctuation marks also starts with p (pn and pf), which is a system operation instruction, but can also be executed while waiting for the file editing instruction.

After the text is spoken, the cursor position will move to the position of the next word. Therefore, if the following text is read out, the system will read the continued text. The user can interrupt it by pressing ctrl-q in the middle of the text, but the microprocessor is busy processing the sound output and missing it. The processing of button reception may require the user to press a long time, sometimes it may take several more times to stop.

(4) Mark control

The purpose of marking a piece of text is to copy or remove the marked text. When setting the mark, first move the cursor to the beginning of the text to be set, press ctrl-c, and then move the cursor to the end of the text to be set. One word, press ctrl-c again to complete the setting of the mark. If you move the cursor and then press ctrl-c, the range of the mark will be changed. The new mark will become the beginning or end of the mark range, depending on its original mark. Before or after the head, during the processing, the head and tail order of the mark will be changed according to the context of the position of the text. Therefore, pressing ctrl-c twice may mark the range that is not expected, preferably in the range of the mark. When the original mark is removed, the new range is reset, and when the mark is set, the first text is set to the head, and the text at the end is the end, which is less error-prone; it is also noted that copying or removing is When the marked text is used, the word at the end is not processed. The user must set the end of the mark to the next word in the range desired by the user.

To copy the marked text, move the cursor to the place you want to copy, press ctrl-z to complete the action. There is no instruction to move the markup text. If you want to move a piece of text to another place, you can mark it first. Then copy it to the place you want to move it, and finally remove the tag text.

(5) Remove text

The user can remove a grid of characters, a word, a line of words, a paragraph of words, or a marked text. To remove the text, first type ctrl-d (for delete), then c (representing character) to remove A grid of symbols, hit w (for word) to remove a word, l (for line) to remove a line, p (for a paragraph) to remove a paragraph, m (for mark) to remove The marked text, the same as the spoken text command, a word, a line of words, or a paragraph of words are counted from the position of the cursor at that time.

(6) File control

The user can enter the sv command to save the file to the flash memory. When the editing operation is finished, the quit command should be pressed to exit the editing program. If the file has been changed and still not archived, the system will ask the user to Do not archive. If the user presses Y, the new file will be saved back; if other keys are not archived, the editing will end.

Five, numerical calculation instructions

After the user enters the system operation command ca, the user enters the numerical calculation state. At this time, the user can use the calculator to perform numerical calculation. The user can press the numeric code to input the numerical value; the decimal point is in the English period "." (point 4 , 6) instead, the input value, excluding the decimal point, can have up to 8 digits. The sign of the value to be changed should be "x" after the value is entered. Each time x is pressed, the value changes its sign. That is, the user originally entered a positive value. When the "x" is pressed once, it becomes a negative number, and after pressing it again, it changes back to a positive number.

A calculation needs to input two values, in which an arithmetic symbol is needed. The numerical calculation instruction uses points 3, 4, and 6 to represent the plus sign, points 3 and 6 to represent the minus sign, and points 1 and 6 to represent the multiplication sign. 4 represents the division number. After inputting two values and arithmetic symbols, you should press the equal sign to get the result. In the numerical calculation command, use the space bar (point 9) to represent the equal sign. The user can also hit the other one without playing the equal sign. The operation symbol indicates that the result of the operation will be the first value of the next operation. The user only needs to enter the second value to perform the next operation. The system will read out the result of each operation. The result obtained by the equal sign can be calculated by the same work. The user only needs to input the arithmetic symbol and the second value, and the following equal sign or arithmetic symbol.

When the value is input, the button is wrong. If the number pressed is not the value or the above operation command code, the system will send an error message without any reaction, but if you want to modify the wrong number, you can play the 7th point and input the The value is cleared and re-entered. To end the numerical calculation action, press "q" and the system will return to the state of waiting for the system operation command.

In summary, the voiced read/write system of the present invention has at least the following advantages:

(1) The function of the Chinese audio-reading system is not as complex as a personal computer. It can be controlled by a simple 8-bit microprocessor and simplify other parts (for example, a smaller memory, and a secondary memory using semiconductors). Etc.), the volume can be made small.

(2) In order to solve the problem of slow booting, the user develops the software by himself, does not use the off-the-shelf operating system, and immediately enters the usable state after the booting.

(3) Add Chinese input method. The user uses the phonetic input and the squid input method to provide the choice of different needs.

(4) When connected to a personal computer using the USB interface, it can be used as a Braille keyboard. Use the braille to input text, the system will convert the user's button into the character of the general keyboard to the personal computer before sending it. Therefore, its function is exactly the same as a normal USB keyboard, and no additional software is required.

(5) Add clock, calculator, play MP3 and recording functions, and integrate multiple functions (such as notes, watch time, numerical calculation, listening to music, reading e-books and recordings) required for daily life.

(6) The Chinese audio-visual reading and writing system of the present invention is completely an interface environment of Chinese culture and Chinese culture, and integrates the daily aids of the visually impaired in one machine.

(7) In addition to the traditional phonetic input, the input method is also added to the glyph (shrimp rice) input method to provide the glyph concept, and the blind person can correctly select the word.

(8) This machine can be used as a keyboard, using dot code input, and the general keyboard text The code or control code is sent to the personal computer.

The job is the vocal reading and writing system of the present invention, the system is made for the needs of the visually impaired Chinese language system, and solves the problem of lack of related products in the country for a long time. At present, the production technology of the domestic computer industry is very sophisticated, and the system structure Simple, easy to make, and the software of this system is written by itself except for Chinese voice. There is no copyright problem. Chinese voice uses the voice data used in the natural input method developed by Professor Xu Wenlian of the Academia Sinica. It can also be easily authorized. The system has a simple structure, low production cost, and a large number of productions can lower the price, and can be a portable accessory for the visually impaired in the country.

Further implementations are provided below:

(1) A portable vocal read/write system comprising a dot input interface, comprising a plurality of mechanical buttons for generating an input signal representing a dot code; and a microprocessor module for inputting the dot code The interface is electrically coupled and processes the input signal and transmits it to an external computer.

(2) The portable audio-visual reading and writing system of the first embodiment, further comprising a bus bar, a communication interface module, a memory module, a storage media module, an audio module, and a power module. a communication module, the memory module, the storage medium module, the audio module, the power module, the clock module, and the calculator The circuit module is electrically coupled to the microprocessor module via the bus bar.

(3) The portable vocal read/write system according to the second embodiment, wherein the dot code input interface is electrically coupled to the microprocessor module via the bus bar.

(4) The portable vocal read/write system according to the first embodiment, wherein the microprocessor module comprises an 8-bit microprocessor, and the 8-bit microprocessor has a 64K byte read only Memory for storage and 128K bytes of read and write memory for storage data.

(5) The portable audio-visual reading and writing system of the first embodiment, wherein the audio module comprises an MP3 decoding circuit electrically coupled to each other, a digital analog audio decoding circuit, a sound amplifying circuit, and a Built a speaker and a headphone interface.

(6) The portable audio-visual reading and writing system according to the first embodiment, wherein the external computer is a personal computer or a notebook computer.

(7) The portable audio-visual reading and writing system according to the first embodiment is a portable device.

(8) An audio-visual reading and writing system comprising a mechanical key input interface for a user to input a signal; and a microprocessor module electrically coupled to the mechanical key input interface, and The signal is processed and transmitted to an external computer.

(9) An audio reading and writing system comprising a bit code input interface, comprising a plurality of mechanical buttons for generating an input signal representing a dot code; an output device; and a microprocessor module, and the dot code The input interface and the output device are electrically coupled, and the input signal is processed and the output device is actuated accordingly.

(10) The audible reading and writing system according to the ninth embodiment, wherein the output device is a speaker, a headphone, a clock, and a memory module.

The present invention is a rare and incomprehensible invention, and the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. That is to say, the equivalent changes and modifications made by the applicant in accordance with the scope of the patent application of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the patent of the present invention. I would like to ask your review committee to give a clear explanation and pray for it.

10‧‧‧ Audiobook system

11‧‧‧Main bus

11a‧‧‧Sub-bus

12‧‧‧Communication interface module

13‧‧‧Microprocessor module

14‧‧‧Memory Module

15‧‧‧Storage Media Module

16‧‧‧Audio Module

17‧‧‧ Point code input module

18‧‧‧Power Module

19‧‧‧clock module

30‧‧‧ Audiobook system

31‧‧‧Power plug

32‧‧‧USB socket

33‧‧‧ headphone plug

34‧‧‧ function selection switch

35‧‧‧Power switch

36‧‧‧ Braille buttons

37‧‧‧ Built-in speakers

The first figure is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the voice-reading system of the present invention; the second figure is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the word-pressing buttons of the present invention; and the third figure is a schematic view of the appearance of the voice-reading system of the present invention; And the fourth figure is a function diagram of the Braille button of the present invention in the MP3 player mode.

30. . . Voiced reading and writing system

31. . . Power plug

32. . . USB socket

33. . . Headphone plug

34. . . Function selection switch

35. . . switch

36. . . Braille button

37. . . Built-in speaker

Claims (10)

A portable vocal reading and writing system, comprising: a dot code input interface, comprising a plurality of mechanical buttons for generating an input signal representing a dot code; a storage media module; an audio module; and a microprocessor The module is electrically coupled to the point code input interface, the audio module, and the storage medium module via a bus, and the microprocessor module processes the input signal into a general keyboard output signal and then Transfer to an external computer and store a file (.txt) file or a one-word phonetic (.brl) file in the storage media module to perform system operation instructions for copying, renaming, deleting, restoring, and reading the content. And a file editing instruction for performing cursor control and mark control on the file (.txt) file of the text form or the phonetic (.brl) file of the braille. The portable audio-visual reading and writing system of claim 1, further comprising a communication interface module, a memory module, a power module, a clock module, and a calculator circuit module, wherein the The communication interface module, the memory module, the storage medium module, the power module, the clock module, and the calculator circuit module are electrically coupled to the microprocessor module via the bus bar. The portable audio-visual reading and writing system of claim 2, wherein the dot code input interface is electrically coupled to the microprocessor module via the bus bar. The portable audio-visual reading and writing system of claim 1, wherein the microprocessor module comprises an 8-bit microprocessor, and the 8-bit microprocessor has a read-only memory of 64K bytes. The storage program and 128K bytes read and write memory for storing data. The portable audio-visual reading and writing system as described in claim 1, wherein the audio The module includes an MP3 decoding circuit electrically coupled to each other, a digital analog audio decoding circuit, a sound amplifying circuit, a built-in speaker and a headphone interface. The portable audio-visual reading and writing system of claim 1, wherein the external computer is a personal computer or a notebook computer. The portable audio-visual reading and writing system as described in claim 1 is a portable device. An audio reading and writing system comprising: a mechanical button input interface for a user to input a signal; a storage media module; an audio module; and a microprocessor module, and the mechanical type The button input interface, the audio module and the storage medium module are electrically coupled via a bus, and the signal is processed into an output signal of the general keyboard and then transmitted to an external computer and stored in the storage medium module. A text-based file (.txt) file or a one-word phonetic (.brl) file performs system operation instructions for copying, renaming, deleting, restoring, and reading the content, and a file (.txt) file of the text form or the file The Braille (.brl) file of the Braille performs a file editing instruction for cursor control and mark control. An audio reading and writing system comprising: a dot code input interface, comprising a plurality of mechanical buttons for generating an input signal representing a dot code; an audio module; an output device; a storage media module; and a micro processing Module, the point code input interface, the audio module, the The storage medium module and the output device are electrically coupled via a bus, and the file (.txt) file or the one-word phonetic (.brl) file stored in the storage medium module is copied, renamed, a system operation instruction for deleting, restoring, and reading the content, and executing a file editing instruction for the cursor control and mark control on the text file (.txt) file or the phonetic (.brl) file of the braille, and processing the input The signal is received by the output device to actuate the output device. The audible reading and writing system of claim 9, wherein the output device is a speaker, a headphone, a clock, and a memory module.