TWI262688B - Method and apparatus for tailoring carrier power requirements according to availability in layered modulation systems - Google Patents

Abstract

A method and apparatus transmitting a layered modulation signal having a first signal layer having first signal symbols and a second signal layer having second signal symbols is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of determining a first signal layer modulation carrier power CL at least in part according to a first signal layer clear sky margin ML and a first signal layer availability, determining an second signal layer modulation carrier power CU at least in part according to an second signal layer clear sky margin My and an second signal layer availability, modulating the first signal symbols according to a first carrier at the determined first signal layer modulation carrier power; modulating the second signal symbols according to a second carrier at the determined second signal layer modulation carrier power, and transmitting the two layers independently.

Description

Ϊ262688 玖, DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION: FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to systems and methods for transmitting data, and more particularly to systems and methods for modifying carrier power requirements in a layered modulation system. [Prior Art] Digital k communication system has been used in various fields, including terrestrial or satellite transmission of digital television signals. With the development of various digital signal communication systems and services, there is a need to increase data output and new services. However, when it is necessary to replace existing hardware (such as transmitters and receivers), it is more difficult to implement improvements and new services of the old system. New systems and services have advantages when they can leverage existing legacy hardware. In the field of wireless communications, the limited availability of the electromagnetic spectrum further highlights this principle. Therefore, it is impossible (or at least unrealistic) to use only new frequencies to transmit enhanced or additional data. The traditional method of increasing spectral capacity shifts to higher order modulation, such as from quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) to eight phase shift keying (8PSK) or sixteen orthogonal Sixteen quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM). Unfortunately, the QPSK receiver cannot demodulate a conventional 8psk or 16QAM signal. Therefore, legacy customers with QPSK receivers must upgrade their receivers to continue to receive any signals transmitted using 8PSK or 16QAM modulation. Systems and methods for transmitting signals enhance and enhance data output without the need for additional spectrum. In addition, in order to obtain enhancement and increase the output signal, it is advantageous to make the new receiver backward compatible with the original receiver. The following systems and parties

Ο \88\88795 The DOC 1262688 method has the further advantage that it allows the transmitted signal to be upgraded using a source separate from the original transmission. It has been proposed to use a layered modulation signal to satisfy these needs, which signals the upper and lower signals without the connection. This layered modulation system allows for a higher information output with /, backward compatibility. However, even when backward compatibility is not required (for example, with a completely new system), layered modulation can have advantages: because it requires a traveling wave tube amplifier (TWTA) peak power, which is significantly lower than a given output. The power required for a conventional 8PSK or 16QAM modulation format. However, a significant obstacle associated with the implementation of layered modulation requires the satellite responder power level, which is significantly higher than the current configuration for: the level of the Earth's coverage area. , ° ° Therefore, systems and methods require a lower transponder power level to implement a layered modulation system. The present invention satisfies this need and provides the advantages of further steps as follows. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/421,333, filed on Jan. 25, 2002, entitled, "Power requirements", by Ernest c Chen, (d) r · eight as discussed; Gseph SantQru proposed that the (four) is incorporated by reference. This application is also the continuation of the following copending and jointly transferred patents. All the towels (4)? |Materials and people ^,: 0 \88\88795 DOC' 1262688 Utility application serial number is 09/844 1 'Tian truest April 27曰 application, the application name is "Layer signal modulation for digital signals" ''Lawyer's lawsuit number PD_2〇〇l81 (109.51-US-01). In order to address the above-described requirements, the present invention discloses a method and apparatus for transmitting a layered modulated signal having a first signal layer having a first signal symbol and a second signal layer. The layer has a second signal symbol. The method includes the steps of: determining, according to a blue space limit of a first signal layer, a first signal layer modulation carrier power Ci from a first signal layer availability; at least partially according to a second signal layer a blue space limit and a second signal layer availability H second signal layer modulation two-wave power c"; according to a first carrier using the determined first-signal layer modulation carrier power, modulating the first signal symbols; Demodulating the second signal symbols to generate the layered modulated signal according to a second carrier using the determined second signal layer, and transmitting the layered tone (4). In a specific embodiment, When the first signal layer availability and the second signal layer availability are substantially equal, the second signal layer has a blue space limit Z at a blue limit of the first signal layer. In another embodiment, the second signal layer availability is greater than the first signal layer is available, and the second signal layer has a blue space limit equal to t + +, and the tenth portion at least partially represents the first : the rain attenuation of the modulated carrier, at least partially representing the rainfall attenuation of the edge carrier of the first signal layer, and knowing that at least the additional noise caused by the rain in the second modulated carrier of the clothing 5 hai, and ^ ^ ^ ^ The 卩 卩 卩 represents the additional noise caused by the rain in the first modulated carrier.

[0086] The following description refers to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the invention, and the embodiments of the invention are shown by way of example. Of course, other embodiments may be utilized and the structure changed without departing from the scope of the present invention. Video Distribution System FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a top view of a single satellite video distribution system. The top view view σ hole cutter system 100 includes a control center 1 〇 2 via a ground or another link 114. Communicating with an uplink center 1〇4, and communicating with a user receiving station 11〇 by a public switched telephone network (PSTN) or another link 12〇. The control center 102 provides program materials (such as video programs, sound programs, and materials) to the uplink center 1〇4 and coordinates with the user receiving station to provide, for example, pay per view (Pay-Per-View; PPV) Program services, including settlement and decryption of related video programs. The uplink center 104 receives program material and program control information from the control center 1〇2, and transmits the program material and program control information to the satellite 丨〇8 using an uplink antenna 1-6 and a transmitter 〇5. The satellite receives and processes this information, and uses the transmitter 107 to transmit the video and control the subscriber to the subscriber receiving station 1 1 via the downlink 丨丨8. The user receiving station 1 1 receives this information using an outdoor unit (0DU) 112, which includes a user antenna and a low noise block converter (LNB). In one embodiment, the 'user receiving station antenna is an 18 inch slightly rounded Ku frequency antenna. The slightly sugar round is due to LNB (low noise block converter 0 \88\88795 D0C -9- !262688

The LNB is used to receive the offset from the user antenna, and the LNB can be fixed without any inconvenience, so any surface area of the LNB _ " Minimize the attenuation of the input microwave signal. ~ 汛 布 系统 100 100 100 可以 可以 可以 可以 可以 可以 可以 可以 可以 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 16 responses, receiving and transmitting program material and other control from the uplink center 104; and providing it to the user receiving station 11 〇. Using data compression and multiplexed t and channel capabilities, H's second guard can be used. Jay receives and broadcasts on 150 traditional (non-high definition television (HDTv)) sound and video channels. Although the invention disclosed herein will be described with reference to a satellite-based video distribution system 100, the present invention may also be practiced using ground-based program information transmission by means of a broadcast component, cable or other component. In addition, the same function described in the control center 2 and the uplink center can be performed without departing from the hope of the present invention, although the above method is already available - the specific embodiment (which is sent to The spear-wang material of the user 122 is for video (and sound, 、, 曰 曰 (for example, a movie)): but the above method can also be used to send program materials including pure sound information or redemption data. Figure 2 is a block diagram showing a single satellite 1〇8 transponder—typically

0 \88\88795 The DOC -10- 1262688 line link configuration shows how the video program material is connected to the satellite ι 8 via the uplink via the control center 102 and the uplink center 1〇4. Figure 2 shows a three-channel channel (which can be augmented with one or the other voices required for high-fidelity music, channel information, or a second sound program required to transmit a foreign language), from a program guide subsystem. 2〇6 data channel and computer information from a computer source 208. These video channels are provided by a program source of video material from 2.8 to 200C (hereinafter collectively referred to as video source 2 〇〇). The data from each video source source is supplied to the encoder 2〇2-8 to 2〇2 (: (hereinafter collectively referred to as encoder 202). Each of the encoders receives a program from the controller 216. The program time stamp (PTS) is a wrap-around binary carry-time, which is used to ensure that the video information system is synchronized with the sound resource after encoding and decoding. A pts time standard is adopted. Each I-frame of the MpEG encoded data is transmitted. In one embodiment of the invention, each encoder 202 is a second generation of Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG-2). Encoder, but other decoders that implement other coding techniques can also be used. The data channel can be affiliated to a similar compression scheme by an encoder (not shown), but this compression is usually not necessary, or Computer program implementation in computer sources (eg, image data is typically compressed into *.TIF files or *Jp(} files) prior to transmission. After encoding by encoder 202, the signals are encoded by the packet (Hereafter collectively referred wrapper 2〇4) is converted into data packets, with each such wrapper Department sources 2〇〇 associated 2〇4a to 2〇4F.

0 \88\88795 DOC 1262688 These data packets are assembled using a reference from System Clock 2 1 4 (SCR) and Status Access Manager 2 1 0, which provides service channel identification (service Channel identification; SCID) is provided to the packetizers 204 for generating data packets. The data packets are then multiplexed into sequence data and sent. Broadcast Data Stream Format and Agreement Figure 3A is an illustration of a representative data stream. The first packet section 3〇2 includes information from the video channel 1 (from, for example, the first video program source 2〇〇a poor material). The next packet section 304 includes computer data information obtained, for example, from computer data source 208. The next packet segment 3〇6 includes information from the video communication 5 (from one of the video source sources 2). The next packet section 308 includes program guide information, such as information provided by the program guide subsystem 206. As shown in Figure 3A, the zero packet 3 1 0 established by the zero packet module 31 can be inserted into the data stream as needed. The data stream therefore includes a series of packets from any of the data sources, which are determined by controller 216 in sequence. (4) The flow system is encrypted by the encryption module 218, and is modulated by the modulator 22 (generally using a QpsK modulation transformer) and provided to the transmitter 222. The transmitter is broadcasted by the antenna 丨〇6 at a frequency. The hoppers flow to the satellite. The receiver 5 (8) receives the signals and assembles the packets using the SCID to produce a program material for each of the channels. Figure 3B is the bait/claw One of the illustrations. Each data packet (eg, 3〇2 to 316) is 13G bytes long and includes a number of packet segments. The first packet segment has the corruption of the 7C group, which includes the SCID and the flag. %(1) is one

〇: V88\88795 DOC -12 - 1262688 Add once. The next packet segment 324 includes 127-bit payload data 'in the case of packet 302 or 306' which is the portion of the video program provided by the video source fan. The final packet segment appears to be the information needed to implement the forward error correction. , the number of unique 1-bit TLs, which uniquely identify the data packets, such as the flag, including the 4-bit, which is used to control other features. The second packet segment 3 2 2 is identified by the -4 bit packet type indicator and -4 bit continuity = number = and the packet type is identified as four data types (video, sound, poor material or zero). -. When combined with SCID, the packet type determines how the data packet will be used. The continuation counter is for each packet type and the booster. Figure 4 is a block diagram showing one embodiment of the modulator 22. The modulation 220 optionally includes a forward error correction (f_c〇rrectlon; FEC) encoder 4〇4, which accepts the first signal payment 402 and adds redundant information, which is used for Reduce transmission errors. The code symbol 405 is modulated by the modulator 4〇6 according to a first carrier 4〇8 to generate an upper layer modulation signal 41〇. The second symbol 42 is also provided to an option second FEC encoder 422' to produce a second encoded symbol. The second code symbols 422 are provided to a second modulator 414, which modulates the second coded signal according to a second carrier 416 to generate a lower layer modulated signal 418 and then combines the signals and then one or more Transmitters 420, 422 transmit. Thus, the upper layer and for transmitting the modulated signal 410 and the underlying modulated signal 418 are not associated, and the frequency range ' of each layer may be substantially or completely overlapping for transmitting the spectrum of the other layer. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the spectral force of the upper layer signal —a 432 may be the frequency band /W/3 436 and the spectrum of the lower layer signal 418/2 = 4334. However, 0 \88\88795 DOC -13 - 1262688 410 must be a signal set with a sufficiently large display. The modulator 220 is also compared to the lower layer signal 418, the upper layer ^

The amplitude signal, in order to maintain the pulse shaping technique of the following figure 6 and 7, can be explained by the pulse P(1) 430, to illustrate the limitation of the channel bandwidth. Although the same, I, 'Figure 4, the same pulse shaping p(t) 430 is applied to two layers, but different pulse pulse shapes can also be applied to each layer. Integral Receiver/Decoder Figure 5 is a stack receiver/decoding crying.+ , fresh horses (integrated) Receiver/decoder; IRD) 500 (also referred to as receiving crying 500). The receiver 5〇〇 includes a tuner/demodulation, crying 5〇4 buckle 4, which is communicated and has One of the one or more LNBs 502 〇DU 1 1 9 red into τ U2 coupled 5 502 from the satellite 108 will 12.2

Down to 12.7 GHz, the downlink 118 signal is converted to a 95 〇 to 145 需要 signal required by, for example, the ird 5 调 modulator/demodulator 504. 502 can promote a pair of #唬 output or a single signal output. Single output [MB 502 has only one radio frequency (RF) connector, and dual output [ΝΒ5〇2 has two rf output connectors and can be used for feed-second spectrometer 5G4, - second receive Jay 500 or some other Formal distribution system. The tuner/demodulator 504 isolates a single digit modulated 24 MHz transponder and converts the modulated data into a digital data stream. Further details regarding the demodulation aspects of the received signal are as follows. The bit stream is then supplied to a forward error correction (Fec) decoder _〇6 which allows the IRD 00 to be reassembled by the uplink center 1 which transmits the forward error correction to the user receiving station 11〇 Previously, the data transmitted by the correction to the desired signal was applied to confirm that the correct data signal was received and the error (if any) was corrected. Error correction data can be passed through an 8-bit

O:\88\88795 DOC 1262688 Parallel interface, fed from the FEC decoder module 506 to the transfer module 5〇8. Transmission module 508 implements a number of data processing functions implemented by IRD 500. The pass module 508 processes the data received from the FEC decoder module 506 and provides the processed data to the video MPEG decoder 514 and the sound MpEG decoder 517. In one embodiment of the invention, the transmission module, the video MpEG decoder, and the audio MPEG decoder are all implemented on an integrated circuit. This design increases space and power efficiency and increases the security of the functions implemented in the transmission module 5〇8. The transmission module 〇8 also provides a channel for communication between the micro-controller 510 and the video and audio MPEG decoders 514, 517. The transport module also operates in conjunction with a conditional access module (eAM) 512 to determine whether to allow the user to receive station ii to access certain process materials, and thus to present more fully. Data from the transmission module can also be supplied to the external communication module 526. The CAM 5 12 functions in conjunction with other components to decode the encrypted signal from one of the transmission modules 508. CAM 512 can also be used to track and settle such services. In one embodiment of the invention, CaM 5 12 is a smart card having a joint that interacts with a contact in the IRD 500 to communicate information. In order to implement the processing carried out in ]8]\/1512, 1111) 5〇(), specifically to provide a clock signal to the transmission module 508 to the cam 5 12. The video data is processed by the MPEG video decoder 514. Using video random access memory (RAM) 536, MPEG video decoder 514 decodes the compressed video data and sends it to an encoder or video processor 5 1 6, which will be video. The digital video information received by the MpEG module 5丨4 is converted into an output signal, which can be output by a display or

Ο \88\88795 DOC -15 - 1262688 His output components are used. By way of example, the processor 516 may include a National Television Standards Committee (NTSC) or an Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) encoder. In one embodiment of the invention, S video and normal video (NTSC or ATSC) signals are provided. Other outputs can also be utilized, and if other high definition programs are processed, these other outputs have advantages.

The sound material is also decoded by the MPEG sound decoder 517. The decoded sound data can then be sent to a digital to analog (D/A) converter 518. In one embodiment of the invention, the D/A converter 518 is a dual D/A converter, a converter for the right and left channels. If needed, additional channels can be added for ambient sound processing or secondary audio programs (SAP). In one embodiment of the invention, the dual D/A converter 5 1 8 separates the left and right channel information itself, as well as any additional channel information. Similar support can be obtained for other sound formats. For example, other sound formats (such as multi-channel DOLBY DIGITAL AC-3) can be supported. One of the processes implemented in the encoding and decoding of video streams shows that the specific system of MPEG and JPEG encoding/decoding can be based on the "Basic Principles of Digital TV" proposed by Michael Robin and Michel Poulin and McGraw-Hill in 1998. It is found in Chapter 8, which is incorporated herein by reference. Microcontroller 510 receives and processes command signals from remote controller 524, an IRD 500 keyboard interface, and/or another input component. The microcontroller receives commands to perform its operations from a processor program memory that permanently stores such instructions for executing such commands. O:\88\88795 DOC -16 - 1262688 The processor program memory can include a read only memory (R〇M) 538, a current erasable programniable read memory (electrically erasable programniable read Only mernory ; EEPROM) 522 or similar memory component. The microcontroller 51 also controls the other digital components of the IRD 500 via the address and data lines (represented as "A" and "D", respectively, as shown in Figure 5). The data machine 540 is connected to the customer's telephone line via the PSTN 120. The data machine calls (e.g., the program provider) and transmits purchase information, and/or other information, sent by the customer for settlement purposes. The data machine 54 is controlled by the microprocessor 5 10. The data machine 540 can output data to other 1/() types, including standard parallel and serial computer j/O ports. The present invention also includes a local storage unit, such as a video storage component $3 2, for storing video and/or audio data obtained from the transmission horizontal group 〇8. The video storage 7L 532 can be a hard disk drive, a read/write compact disc DVD, a solid state RAM or any other storage medium. In one embodiment of the present invention, the video storage component 532 is a hard disk drive having a special parallel read/write capability so that data can be read from the video storage device 532 and simultaneously Write the component 532. In order to achieve this technique, it is known that an additional buffer memory can be used, which can be taken by the video storage element 5 3 2 or its control crying & A video storage processor 530 can be used to manage the storage element as needed, as well as the video asset from the video storage component 532 = retrieved. The video storage processor 53A may further include a memory for storing only the data of the component 532. Or, in combination with the above method, the aging storage unit 5 3 2 can be used. Or with the above method group

〇 \88\88795 DOC -17 - 1262688 The microcontroller 5 1 〇 can also be operated, which is required to store or retrieve video and other data from the video storage component 532. The input of the video processing module 51 can be directly supplied as a video output to a viewing component, such as a video or computer monitor. In addition, the video and/or audio output may be supplied to an RF modulator 534 to generate an RF output and/or 8 processing digital TV vestigial sidebands (vestigiai side b), which is suitable for transmission as an input signal Tuning a digital terrestrial television enables the receiver 500 to operate with the television without a video output. Each of the satellites 108 includes a transponder that receives program information from the uplink center 104 and This information is relayed to the user receiving station 110. The well-known multiplex technology is used so that multiple channels can be provided to the user. Such multiplex techniques include, for example, various statistical or other time domain multiplex techniques and polar multiplexes. In one embodiment of the invention, a single-band operated single-transponder carries a plurality of channels, identified by individual service channel identification (SCID). The IRD 500 preferably also receives and stores a program guide on - In memory, the memory can be used in the microcontroller 5 i. The program guide is generally transferred from the satellite to one or more data packets in the data stream. Access and search may be performed by execution of suitable operational steps, which are implemented by controller 510 and stored in processor R〇M 538. The animal guide may include data 'to map viewer channel numbers to The satellite should identify the channel (scm) and also provide the TV program list 122 to identify the program event. The functionality J implemented in the IRD 5〇〇 described in Figure 5 is either a bad one or

〇 \88\887Q5 DOC -18 - 1262688: The hardware module, one or more software modules (which are defined by a processor) or a combination of the two. ▲ The present invention provides modulation of signals having different power levels, and it is advantageous for the L to say that the mother layer is not connected. In addition, independent modulation and encoding of the signals can be performed. The actuation is backward compatible with the original receiver (e.g., a quadrature phase shift key = (QPSK) receiver) and provides a new service to the new reception 2 . The typical new receiver of the present invention uses a second demodulation transformer and is repeatedly modulated into 'as will be described in detail later. In the typical backward compatibility embodiment of the present invention, the original QpSK^f number is increased in power to a higher transmission (and reception) level. The original receiver will not be able to distinguish between the new underlying signal and the new white Gaussian noise, thus operating in a conventional manner. The sound of the interview is based on the original equipment and the new output and services you want. Demodulating and decoding the combined layered signal removes the upper carrier by first demodulating the upper layer. The stable layered signal can then cause the upper layer F to be decoded and the output upper layer symbols to communicate with the upper layer transport module. The upper symbol is also used in the -remodulator to produce an idealized upper layer signal. The upper signal system is then subtracted from the stable layered signal to reveal the underlying signal. The underlying signal system is then demodulated and decoded using FEC, two

Communicate with the lower layer transmission module. "Y new lower layer signal has sufficient carrier-to-heat noise ratio for proper

Features. The new lower layer signal and the enhanced original signal are inconsistent with each other. Therefore, the new lower layer signal can be implemented with a different TWTA. And the new lower layer" right = (four) different satellites plus layer L谠 format has nothing to do with the original format, for example it can

O:\8S\88795 DOC -19- 1262688 Think QPSK or 8PSK, use the letter "special, first cascaded FEC code or use a new ancient code. The lower layer signal can even be squandered" to think of an analog signal. The use of the signal, system and aspect of the present invention can be used to supplement the transmission of one, which is compatible with the original receiving hardware in the program. For a pre-calculated layered modulation junction, one or more additional layers are provided. . Knife '攸 and now or layered signals Figs. 6A to 6C illustrate the basic relationship of the layer of the layer. In these figures, the horizontal axis is n j ,

The glaze is the "J value" of the in-phase axis or the displayed symbol, and the vertical axis is the "Q" value of the product I, 弋 _ # or the symbol that is not displayed. Figure 6A illustrates a first sigma layer of a transmitted signal, 600, showing a signal point or symbol 602. This signal set is the second layer signal set of the symbol 6〇4 on the first layer signal set _ (1: the layer coherent) illustrated in FIG. 6B. The figure illustrates a second signal layer 606 of a second transport layer on the set-layer signal set (where the layers may be discontinuous). Because of the two layers in the discontinuous transmission: the second layer of the target modulation frequency is rotated around the first layer signal set. Because of the first layer of modulation frequency as illustrated by path 608, the first and first layers rotate about the original set of signals. Figures 7A through 7C are diagrams illustrating the signal set of a second transport layer on the first transport layer after the first layer demodulation. Figure 7A shows signal set 7(8) before the first carrier recovery loop (car·recovery 1〇〇p; CRL), while Figure 7B shows signal set 7〇4 after CRL. In this case, the signal point of the second layer is actually loop 702. Figure 7C depicts the phase distribution of the received signal for node 602.

0 \88\88795 DOC 20- 1262688 The relative modulation frequency causes the second layer signal set to surround the section of the first layer signal set, and the rotation is eliminated after the first layer CRL. The radius of the second layer of signal sets is determined by its power level. The thickness of the loop 702 is determined by the carrier of the second € to the carrier ratio (carrier t〇n〇iserati〇; cnr). Because the second layer is not coherent, the second layer can also be used to carry analog or digital signals. Figure 8 is a diagram showing a system for transmitting and receiving a layered modulation signal, a scalloped green oscillating state 1 07A, 1 〇 7B (which can be positioned on any suitable flat $), such as a satellite 1 〇 8A, 1〇8B) are used to convey different layers of one of the k唬 of the present invention inconsistently. The uplink signal system is typically transmitted from one or more transmitters 105 to each of the satellites 108A, 108B via an antenna ι. Layered signals 808A, 808B (downlink signals) are received at receive antennas ιΐ2Α, ιΐ2β, such as satellite trays, each having a low noise block (LNB) 810A, 810B, wherein the noise The blocks are then coupled to an integrated receiver/decoder (IRD) 500, 802. Since the signal layer can be transmitted inconsistently, it is possible to add a separate transport layer at any time. The new system uses different generations of 08A 1〇8Β or other suitable platforms (for example, ground-based or higher flat). Therefore, any composite signal (including the new additional signal layer) will be backward compatible with the original receiver 500, the receiver will ignore the new signals, in order to ensure that the ^ number does not interfere with each other, the lower layer of combined signals and noise The level must be at or below the noise reference allowed by the upper layer. The layered withering application includes backward compatibility for backward compatibility and non-backward compatible applications. In this sense, the system is described in which the original receiver 5 is a waste receiver implemented by an additional signal layer. On the contrary, even if it is

The O:\88\88795.DOC 1262688 symbol is also used to generate an idealized upper layer signal. The upper layer symbols can be used in a typical decoding operation known to those skilled in the art after Viterbi decoding (bit error rate < 1 〇 3) or Reed-Solomon (RS) decoding (bit error rate <10·9). The decoder 1002 is generated. The upper layer is supplied from the upper decoder 1002 to the remodulator 1〇〇6 via the feedback path 〇2, and then to a module (which applies the distortion introduced by the satellite downlink network). This effectively produces an ideal upper layer signal. The idealized upper level signal is subtracted from the demodulated upper signal 1020. In order to reduce the 5 mystery to leave a clean underlying signal, the upper signal must be accurately regenerated. The modulated signal may have been distorted, such as by a traveling wave tube amplifier (TWTA) nonlinearity or other nonlinear or linear distortion on the transmission channel. The effect of the distortion is assessed by the received signal after the fact, or by the TWTA characteristic, which can be downloaded to the IRD of AM-AM&/ or AM邛M mapping ι〇ΐ4. A subtractor 1012 then converts the idealized upper layer signal from stable demodulation to a signal

The signal goes through. In this case, subtract from upper 1020. This leaves the second layer signal with the lower power. Subtractor 丨〇 i 2

On the lower level. The layer reduction is performed on the upper layer of the receiving layered upper layer demodulation transformer 1004.

O:\88\88795 DOC -23 - !262688 Wave signal 1022. An upper carrier signal 1022 is provided to the remodulator ι 6 and the modulator 1006 provides a remodulated signal to the nonlinear distortion mapper i 〇 i8, which effectively produces an idealized upper layer signal. Unlike the particular embodiment illustrated in Figure 1a, in this particular embodiment, the idealized upper layer signal includes an upper layer carrier for performing layer reduction from the received combined signal 416. Those skilled in the art will be aware of other equivalent methods of layer reduction, and the present invention should not be limited to the examples provided herein. In addition, it is understood that the present invention is not limited to the second layer; additional layers may be included. The idealized upper layer is generated and subtracted by remodulation of its individual layer symbols. The reduction can be performed for receiving a combined signal or demodulating a variable signal. Finally, not all signal layers must be digitally transmitted, and the lowest layer can be analogically transmitted. The following analysis illustrates exemplary two-layer demodulation and decoding. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the analog layer can be demodulated and decoded in a similar manner. The input combination signal is expressed as ·· ( « \ sul(0 = fu\Mu exp〇^/ + 5)SUmp{t-mT)

\ !»»*-〇> J i , fL Ml exp(y +

\ m=»-<〇 J where Μ" is the amplitude of the upper QPSK signal, and MΔ is the amplitude of the lower qPsk signal, and. The signal frequency and phase of the upper and lower signals are respectively known as Qiu and A. The symbol timing between the upper and lower layers is misaligned. The arithmetic formula represents the pulse shaping filter used by the signal modulation f; r (1) 430 f time offset version. The QPSK symbol and the heart m are the elements of {Where (”,"=〇,1,2,3}. Nine (one) and from.) indicate the distortion of TWTa: can, for individual signals. 〇\88\887Q5 DOC -24 - 1262688 does not count /υ(·) and /△(.) and noise, 4 M r seek represents the round of demodulation of the demodulator 1〇〇4 to the FEC decoder 1〇〇2 after removal of the upper chip : 3 冲冲-/ηΓ)+纪;-called I; 心冲1Γ+Δ CO Λ| x So the upper layer decoder 402 ignores the difference in amplitude between sVl and sVl (the composition of 〇. In the upper layer from the subtractor After 1012 (), A, and salt, the following equations are left.

sL(t) = Ml exp{/K ^mr + ATJ ΛΙβ—00 Any distortion effects (such as TWTA nonlinear effects) are evaluated for signal reduction. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the upper and lower frequencies are qualitatively equal. A significant improvement in system efficiency can be achieved by employing a two frequency offset between layers. By using the present invention, the two-layer backward compatibility modulation using QPSK can double the capacity of the current original system, and it uses the original operation mode with an FEC code rate of 6/7. Actuation of this capacity increase is achieved by transmitting a backward compatible upper layer carrier via a TWTA having a power system that is approximately 6.2 dB greater than the power used by the legacy system. The new lower QPSK^f number can be transmitted from a separate transmission, or, for example, from a different satellite. Systems using 16QAM modulation can be designed to provide similar transmission capacity, but this modulation format requires a reasonable linear transmit amplifier. With layered modulation, separate amplifiers can be used for each layer, and if QPSK signals are used for these layers, they can be used with more efficient nonlinear modes. Therefore, layered modulation does not require the less efficient linear traveling wave tube amplifier (TWTA) required by 16QAM. And no phase error penalty imposes O:\88\88795.DOC -25 - 1262688 on higher order modulations (eg 8PSK and 16QAM). Backwards Compatible Application Figure 11A depicts the relative power level 1100' of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention without regard to the effects of rain. The reconciliation of the effects of rainfall depletion is successful by the inclusion of the blue-space limit in the calculation of the transmission power level, which is processed in subsequent sections. Figure A is not a scaled drawing. This embodiment uses a TWTA (its power level is higher than a pre-existing (original) TWTA 6.2 dB), and a second TWTA (its power level is lower than a pre-existing (original) TWTA 2 dB), doubling the pre-existing code rate 6/7 capacity. This particular embodiment uses a discontinuous upper and lower QPSK layer. The FEC code rate of 6/7 is also used for two layers. In this embodiment, the original QPSKk number 1102 is used to generate the upper layer 11〇4, and a new qpsk layer is used to generate the lower layer 1110. The original QPSK signal 1102 has a critical CNR, ', and a spoon 7 dB (ie, the carrier-to-noise ratio required to achieve acceptable performance). The new lower qpsk layer mo has a critical CNR of about 5 dB. In the present invention, f first sets the QPSK layer transmission power level 111 〇 so that the reception lower power level is higher than the reference thermal noise power level ii 〇 8 5 dB. The hot noise and the lower layer signal will be displayed as the noise of the upper QPSK signal, and the combined noise power must be considered when setting the upper layer transmission power level. The combined power of the second noise source 11(10) is higher than the reference thermal noise reference of 11〇8 6·2 dB. The original QpsK signal must then be boosted by approximately 1 102 6.2 dB above the original signal power level to change the new power level to approximately dB, the power level of layer 1104 above. With this method, the combined lower layer signal power and thermal noise power are maintained at or below the upper allowable noise level 11G6. Note

O:\88\88705 DOC -26- 1262688 It is intended that the present invention can be multi-layered using hybrid modulation, coding, and code rate expansion.

In another embodiment of the backward compatible application, the fec code rate 2/3 can be used for the upper and lower layers 1104, 111A. In this case, the critical QR of the original QpsK nickname 1102 (with FEC code rate 2/3) is about 5.8 dB. The original signal 1102 is increased from about 5.3 dB to about 1 ι·ι dB (which is 11 〇 2 4.1 dB higher than the original QPSK signal with FEC code rate 2/3) to form the upper QpSK^ 1104. The new lower QPSK layer mo has a critical CNR of about 3.8 dB. The total number of 下§ and noise of the lower layer 1110 is kept at or below about 5.3 dB, which is the allowable noise level of the upper qpsk layer. In this case, the total capacity is 1.55 times the capacity of the original signal 1102. In a further embodiment of one of the backward compatible applications of the present invention, the code rate can be mixed between the upper layer 1104 and the lower layer 111. For example, the original apostrophe 502 can be increased from about 5.3 dB to about 12.3 dB, while the FEC code rate 6/7 does not change to establish the upper QPSK layer 11 〇 4. The new lower QpSK^lu〇 can use an FEC code rate of 2/3 with a critical CNR of approximately 3.8 dB. In this case, the total capacity is 丨.78 times the capacity of the original signal 1102. Non-backward compatible applications As discussed previously, the present invention is also applicable to r non-backward compatible applications. In a first exemplary embodiment, the two qPSK layers 11 〇 4, 111 分别 are used with an FEC code rate of 2/3, respectively. Upper 504 has a critical CNR of about 4.1 dB above one of its noise reference 1106, while lower QPSK layer 1110 also has a critical CNR of about 4.1 dB. The combined power of the thermal noise and the lower qpsK layer 1110 is about 5.5 dB above the reference thermal noise level 1. The CNR of the upper QPSK signal 1104 is then set to about 9·6 dB (4·l+5.5 dB), which is only 2 to 4 dB higher than the original O:\88\88795 DOC -27 - 1262688 QPSK signal rate 6/7. . This capacity is about 1.56 times the capacity of the original code rate of 6/7. Figure 11 illustrates the relative power level of another embodiment in which the upper and lower layers 1104, 1110 can be lower than the original signal level u 〇 2. Two QpSK^ u〇4, 111〇 use a code rate of 1/2. Lower and upper (^3] layer has a criticality (^11 is about 2〇dB. In this case, the upper QPSK layer 11〇4 is about 2 〇, which is about 4.1 dB higher than its noise reference 1106. The upper signal bit The standard is 0.6 dB lower than the original signal level. The capacity of this embodiment is 1.1 7 times the original code rate of 6/7. Hardware Environment Figure 12 illustrates an exemplary computer system 12〇〇, It can be used to implement the remote control module or function of the present invention. The computer 1202 includes a processor 1204 and a memory, such as a random access memory (RAM) 12〇6. The computer 12〇2 is operated in a manner and a display. 1222 is coupled, the display presents an image (eg, a window) to a user on a graphical user interface 121 8B. The computer 12〇2 can be combined with other components (eg, a keyboard 1214, a mouse component 12 16 , a printer, etc.) Coupling. Of course, those skilled in the art will recognize that computer 1202 can be used with any of the above components, or any number of different components, peripherals, and other components. Computer 1202 is typically stored in memory 12〇6. Operates under the control of an operational system 12〇8, and The user connects to accept the input and commands and presents the results via a graphical user interface (GUI) module 1218A. Although the GUI module 1218A is described as a separate module, the instructions to implement the GUI function can reside. Or distributed in the operating system 1 208, the computer program 1 2 1 0, or implemented by special application memory and processor O:\88\88795 DOC -28 - 1262688. The computer 1202 also implements a library σσ 1212, which enables An application 1210 can write a program twisted 4 σσ 5 (eg, COBOL, C++, fortran), or other language to be translated into a 1204 read-only code. After completion, the application 1 2 1 0 accesses # "Products you p, you use the relationship stored in the memory 1206 of the computer 1202, with only p, ten U and the logic generated by the compiler 1 2 1 2. The computer 1202 can also see the cloud | t machine It also includes an external communication component (such as a data modem, satellite link, Ethernet, A, LAN card), or other components for communicating with other computers. In a specific embodiment, the operation is implemented. System lake, computer The expression i2i〇 and the compiler 1212 are explicitly embodied in a computer-readable medium (eg, data storage component 1220), which may include one or more fixed or removable data storage elements, such as _ High-capacity disk drive, floppy disk drive 1224, hard disk drive, CD-ROM drive, disk drive, etc. In addition, the operating system 1208 and the computer program 1210 are composed of instructions, when the commands are read by the computer 1202 When executed, it causes the computer 12 to perform the necessary steps to implement and/or use the present invention. The computer program 121 and/or the operational instructions can also be embodied in the memory 1206 and/or the data communication component 123, k to produce a computer program product or an article of manufacture in accordance with the present invention. Similarly, the terms "manufactured item", "programmed storage element" and "computer program product" are intended to include a computer program that can be accessed using any computer-readable component or media. * It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that many modifications can be made to this configuration without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, a person skilled in the art will be able to combine the present invention with any of the above elements, or any number of different elements, weeks.

O:\88\88795 DOC -29- 1262688 Side device and other components are used together. Using the techniques described herein, as will be shown later, the blue-space limit required for the upper signal layer 4〇2 is considerably less than the blue-space limit that would be required if the signal was transmitted by itself. The blue-space limit required by the upper signal layer is also considerably less than the blue-space limit required by the lower signal layer 420. In a weakened state of rainfall, the upper and lower layers weaken together. Thus, the primary source of noise of the upper signal layer 402 is as fast as the upper signal itself, allowing for a significantly reduced upper blue limit. The present invention fully exploits this effect. Conversely, the blue-space limit required for the lower layer must be set large enough to account for the weakening of the underlying carrier relative to its main source of noise (ie, thermal noise, which increases during rainfall). Therefore, the blue limit required for the upper signal layer 402 can be reduced when compared to the blue limit required by the lower signal layer 420. Or in combination with the above methods, the techniques described below can be used to design a layered modulation system that provides an upper level of availability level above the availability level of the lower layer. The blue-space limit The power distribution of the upper and lower carriers (Fig. 11A and UB) discussed earlier does not take into account the shadow of the upper and lower signals as the rainfall becomes smaller. These effects can be large to act to reduce the desired signal level and increase the noise level. In the case of layered modulation, each layer must carefully consider these effects. Additional power is added to each layer to reconcile these rainfall effects, and this new power is called the blue sky limit (cl complex sky margln; CSM). In the technique described below, the design of the upper signal layer 41 利用 utilizes the fact that the underlying f-layer MS and the upper pseudo-defective layer 410 are attenuated by equal numbers in the rain-sweetened condition and because the upper layer 41 must be locked first. Close and reconfigure, then make

O:\88\88795 DOC -30- 1262688 layer 41 8 can be accurately solved. Weekly intersection so that the upper signal layer 4 1 0 phase 1, the lower signal layer 418 can be no longer "available" in a statistical sense. In the case of -in the case (where the upper and lower signal layers have the same availability), when the rain attenuation reaches a sufficient number of ^ main ^ ^ τ ' two § 5 tigers will simultaneously drop to the individual operating threshold. Niu, 1U is J connected with equal availability above and below the signal layer false meteorite: the thermal noise level, represented by N, and the carrier-to-noise ratio is based on the I-level quasi-hunting heart and 7V given 'Used for the lower and upper signal layers respectively, :, 'then criticality and ^" can be defined in many ways. For the following analysis, the critical level is assumed to be eight. The value of this is the operating point, which causes the number of bit errors detected at the output of the forward error correction decoder to drop to approximately one error per hour or one error per day. A false alarm requires a given link to be used at this time, and this value can be used to determine the value suitable for rainfall attenuation and rain noise. The parameter "is used to represent the rainfall attenuation (α < = 1)" And 々 used to represent the increase in noise due to atmospheric rainfall, 丨), which is a function of one of the desired signal availability functions to provide the necessary carrier availability for the lower signal layer 418 required for the availability of the link, 418 The following expression determines:

TL equation (υ βΝ solution Q ·· a The values α and 々 are both functions of the desired (2) function of the desired applicability, and generally

Ο \88\88795 DOC -31 - 1262688 is defined by a rainfall attenuation model that will be readily understood by those skilled in the art. It is possible to calculate a blue-space limit (the ratio is the ratio of the noise-to-noise plus interference ratio to the critical carrier-to-noise plus interference ratio) for each layer. For the lower signal layer 418, the blue-space limit is obtained from: m ml ntl a ten-element (3), the required link availability is required, and the upper signal layer 410 carrier power C" It is noted that when the upper signal layer is stored in a critical condition, the carrier is attenuated by the factor ^. Stretching e 1 1 疋 - - 杂 包含 包含 热 热 热 热 热 热 热 热 热 热 热 热 热 热 热 热 热 热 热 热 热 热 热 热 热 热 热 热 热Therefore, providing the required upper carrier power of the required link availability

The Tu rate C" is defined by the following equation (4). · aCv — ΝΓ J The upper level carrier power k" required for this expression is described in the following equation (5).

Cu a

Moreover, the blue-space limit of the upper signal layer 410 becomes (Cr €υ 1 Cu βΝ seven cxC equation (5) Μυ N^C~ aCa

It should be noted that the blue-space limit of the signal layer on ϋ N a can be based on the threshold value of the lower layer 0 \88\88795 DOC -32 - 1262688 shown in equation (7) equation (7). Write. ^10 1) β fa, ' Τ~Λ TL+ — 1 β) 1 β . Equation (8) In a typical application, the value of 'α may vary from ' to _5', and the red value may be Variations in the range of 2 to 4 dB, depending on the availability. Since the lower limit of the lower level is (~), the limit is expressed in dB. It can be seen that the range of the blue signal of the typical lower signal layer will be 3 to 9 dB, depending on the desired availability. Again, it is generally expected that the blue-space limit of the signal layer will also be used for the upper signal layer, which would require very high transmitter power. However, this is not necessary because the upper and lower signal layers are weak together in the rain as shown by the derivation of the upper blue limit in equation (4) above. Therefore, the upper layer of the upper layer is limited by the carrier-to-noise ratio threshold and the α-to-red ratio. The upper limit of the blue space required is generally ldB or smaller, and is close to 〇 dB as the load of the lower signal layer 42 is increased by the threshold value. Figure 13 is a diagram showing the blue-and-white limit of the upper and lower x-th floor of the upper and lower xf, which serves as a function of the lower threshold and the desired usability. The line 1302 shows the lower limit of the blue sky, which is used as a function of the lower signal layer and the threshold value of the skin-to-noise ratio, which is used for 99.95% of the signal layer availability. The lines 13〇4 to 13〇8 show the same substance 77 used for the lower layer 5 layer usability 99.90%, 99.85% and ".8〇%. Lines 13 1 〇 to 1 3 1 6 show the upper blue limit, which is used for the upper signal layer availability of 99.95%, 99.9〇%' 99 85% and 99 8〇%, respectively. It should be noted that in this figure the upper limit of the blue sky is much smaller than the lower limit of the blue sky. The upper layer is 0 \88\88795 DOC -33, 1262688 degrees for the performance of the layered modulation is lower than the satellite transmission power required by the upper carrier. The ratio of the ratio of the upper L 谠 carrier to the thermal noise in the blue sky and the ratio of the upper to the download wave to the noise. It is important to start from the following / stomach system, because it can be calculated as α, temple type (9) equation (10) can be obtained:

Tu a a

N

Cu ~ : N The lower right k layer 418 does not appear (and is, for example, an original signal), and the required blue space carrier-to-noise ratio will not include the term (rush). This new term describes the presence of the signal layer 418, which acts as one of the upper signal layers to interfere with the noise. It should be noted that N only refers to thermal noise, and the total noise plus the underlying interference power seen by the upper signal layer demodulator is controlled by the underlying signal layer carrier power. Equation (10) provides a minimum value C" relative to the thermal noise of the upper and lower signal layers to demonstrate the same availability. By increasing above this level, the availability of the upper k layer 41 0 can be increased beyond the availability of the lower signal layer 4丨8. Figure 14 is a diagram showing the blue-space limit of the exemplary lower and upper signal layers as the power level (dB) of the thermal noise relative to the blue sky condition. In this case, '88\88795.DOC -34- 1262688 case Yin, the lower signal layer and the upper signal layer carrier to the noise level respectively, and the +... and the blue limit, which is compared with the thermal noise One; the critical point of the vacant layer is 11.0 dB. The thermal noise and the sub-g carrier power are added by ...μ; the combination of the two rates is u.4dB, and the interference level seen by the L-layer carrier on the field. Add the required upper threshold to the noise actor, that is, 5 to 114 (1 to 1 value added (the early position is • 4 dB, and the service is 16.4 dB relative to the thermal noise N above the boundary point) The required blue-space limit above this critical point is only ^6^, and in the case of a weak rain condition, both the upper and lower signal layers will exhibit the same availability. With improved upper layer availability and lower signal layer limits The lower layer signals 410, 41 8 can also be designed for different usability purposes. As previously described, the lower signal layer 418 availability cannot be better than the upper signal layer 410 availability because the successful demodulation of the lower signal layer 418 depends on the upper signal layer 410. Successful demodulation. However, the upper signal layer 41〇 can be designed to have better usability than the lower signal layer 418 by increasing the upper signal layer limit. As exemplified below, only the smaller of the upper signal layer 410 is added. The limit can significantly improve the usability in the upper signal layer 410. This is one of the distinct advantages of the non-coherent layered modulation technique described herein. The modification is used to distinguish the upper and lower signal layer equations (1) of the parameters α and β, Can produce the following equation ( 11) T = aLCl Equation (11) This formula yields equations (12) and (13). O:\88\88795 DOC -35- I262688 ml aL Improved usability for the upper layer αυ <aL and equation ( 12) Equation (13) Equation (14) βυ>β^ Equation (15) It should be noted that when the upper signal layer 41 is in a critical state, a new upper signal layer value will be applied for α and y? τ · υ βυΝ Female αΑ Equation (16) Referring to equation (5), the new upper layer signal carrier power becomes: C [PtiN^r^uC^u αυ Equation (17)

Using equation (6), the following relationship can be obtained: C" 1 Cy + αυ CL Ν N + CA N + Cl αυΟυ + 1 Special formula (1 8) Using equation (12), the following relationship can be obtained. CL"lTl N ar equation (19) to obtain βυ%

Βυ Seven PJL 1 + L Equation u〇) It should be noted that if the availability of the upper and lower signal layers is equal (for example, if equation (20) is reduced, then equation (8) is reduced. ϋ Figure 15 is the equation (20) One drawing, as the O:\88\88795 DOC -36-1262688 - function of the availability of the upper signal layer 41. In this example 'lower level non-availability shape Q2% (because of the non-availability system (1-availability) This is interpreted as - usability 99 8%), and the lower layer signal has a critical value of 6 dB. It can be seen from the curve in Figure 15 (the curve edge is similar to ", the upper layer defined by equation (10) or (20) The blue-band limit), the performance of the upper signal layer (10), such as lower availability, can be improved by adding only one-tenth of a dB of the blue-sky limit of the upper signal layer, as shown by curve 1504. As shown in the curve 15〇2, in a traditionally modulated single-layer satellite chain, the blue-space limit must be improved to achieve the same performance improvement. Therefore, if the signal layers need to be higher than the other signal layers, the signal layer must be reduced to the upper signal layer. Same as #, if backward compatibility is required, the signal layer providing this backward compatibility must be specified as the upper signal layer. There is usually no conflict between such needs, as it is often desirable to have a backward compatible layer as a higher availability layer. However, if the non-backward compatible layer needs to be higher than the backward compatibility layer, there is a _ conflict between the needs. Resolving this conflict can be done by designing the system so that the signal layers are equally available and are of high availability. Figure 16 is a diagram illustrating exemplary methods and steps that may be used to implement one embodiment of the present invention. The first signal layer modulation carrier power C is determined based at least in part on the blue space limit ML of a first signal layer and a first signal layer availability; as indicated by block =. In a specific embodiment, the first level of carrier power C1 is determined according to the basis, wherein ? is the first layer of the blue space limit ML' β includes a value of _, which represents a layered modulation As the noise caused by atmospheric rainfall increases, α includes a value, which represents 0 \88\88795 DOC -37- 1262688. The rainfall of the layered modulation signal becomes smaller. 'N includes a value, which represents the blue-air heat afl and I A carrier-to-noise critical level of a first signal layer is included. In the square: MO4, a second signal layer modulation carrier power Cu is determined based at least in part on the blue space limit of the second signal layer and the availability of a signal. In a specific embodiment, this is achieved by determining (4 +1) the first level carrier power Cu according to c^m + aCL)Tu, where the second layer is blue-spaced, and. A second signal layer carrier-to-noise critical level is included. Then, the first signal layer is modulated according to a first carrier using the determined first signal layer to modify the carrier signal, as shown in block (10) 6. Then, the second signal symbols are modulated according to the second carrier using the determined second signal layer modulation carrier power, as indicated by block (10) 8. Then independently transmit the first and second signals to the satellite, as shown in block 161 。. In a specific embodiment (where the first signal layer availability and the second L 5 tiger layer availability are substantially Equal (for example, (4) and ρρβ.), the stone space limit Mu of the second L layer is smaller than the blue space limit of the first signal layer. In another embodiment, the second signal layer availability is greater than the first a signal layer availability (eg, a"<〇:£ and know>A), and the second signal layer

- the masonry limit of the Pv+PJL /"equal to - wherein, at least in part, the rainfall attenuation of the second modulated carrier, at least in part representing the rain attenuation of the first signal layer modulated carrier, such as at least partially representing the Additional noise caused by rain in the second modulated carrier' and additional noise representing at least part of the first modulated carrier due to rain.

O:\88\88795 DOC -38-1262688 Conclusion This concludes the description of a preferred embodiment of the invention. The above description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been disclosed for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Many modifications and changes can be made in accordance with the above teachings. For example, the uplink described and illustrated in the above disclosure may be implemented by one or more hardware modules, one or more software modules (which are defined by a processor line), or both. One of the combinations is implemented. It is intended that the scope of the invention should not be The above description, examples and materials provide a complete description of the manufacture and use of the compositions of the present invention. Since many specific embodiments of the invention can be practiced without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, the Linfa County Department is hereby attached to the scope of the patent application. [Simple description of the diagram] / The original reference number of the reference figure represents the corresponding parts: Figure 1 is a diagram of one of the -_ 'illustration-single-satellite video distribution system top view 2 is a block diagram showing a single path configuration; A typical uplink of one of the satellite transponders is illustrated as one of a representative data stream; FIG. 3B is a diagram of one representative data packet; FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing one embodiment of the modulator Figure 5 is a block diagram of an integrated receiver/decoder; Figures 6A through 6C are diagrams illustrating the explanation - the basis of the signal layer in layered modulation transmission

O:\88\88795 DOC -39- 1262688 This relationship; FIGS. 7A to 7C are diagrams illustrating a signal set of a second transport layer on the first transport layer after the first layer demodulation; 8 is an illustration, which is not used to transmit and receive one of the layered modulated signals. FIG. 9 is a block diagram depicting a specific embodiment of an enhanced receiving benefit/decoder capable of receiving a layered modulated signal;

Figure 10A is a block diagram of one embodiment of the enhanced tuner/modulator and fec encoder; K Figure 10 illustrates another embodiment of the enhanced modulator/modulator, wherein the layer reduction system For the purpose of receiving the layered signal; FIGS. 11A and 11B illustrate the relative rate level of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 12 illustrates an exemplary computer system that can be used to select a module or Figure 1 3 is a diagram showing the blue-space limit of the lower layer as a function of the lower threshold and the desired availability; Figure 14 is a diagram showing the example .,., twins and upper The blue-space limit of the signal layer, as the power level (dB) relative to the blue-space condition J..., the chowder; Figure 15 is a plot showing a function of Bi; and F艮, as the availability of the upper layer of the invention DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Figure 16 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary method and steps that can be used in practice. [Graphic representation symbol description]

0 \88\88795.DOC -40- 1262688 100 Video Distribution System 102 Control Center 104 Uplink Center 105 Transmitter 106 Antenna 107 Transmitter 107A Transmitter 107B Transmitter 108 Satellite 108A Satellite 108B Satellite 110 User Receiver Station 112 Outdoor unit 112A Receiving antenna 112B Receiving antenna 114 Link 118 Downlink 120 Link 122 User 200 Video source 200A Video source 200B Video source 200C Video source 202 Encoder O:\88\88795 DOC -41 - 1262688 202Α Encoding 202Β Encoding 202C Encoder 204 Packetizer 204Α Packetizer 204Β Packetizer 204C Packetizer 204D Packetizer 204Ε Packetizer 206 Subsystem 208 Computer Data Source 210 Status Access Manager 214 System Clock 216 Controller 218 Encryption Module 220 Modulator 222 Transmitter 302 First Packet Section 304 Next Packet Section 306 Next Packet Section 308 Next Packet Section 310 Zero Packet 320 First Packet Section 322 Second Packet Section Ο \88\88795 DOC -42 - The first signal symbol of the final packet segment of the next packet segment Code code symbol modulator first carrier upper layer modulation signal second modulator second carrier lower layer modulation signal second symbol encoder pulse spectrum spectrum band receiver low noise block converter tuner / demodulation decoder decoding Transmitter module microcontroller status access module -43 - 1262688

514 5 16 517 518 522 524 526 530 532 534 536 538 540 600 602 604 606 608 700 702 704 802 808A 808B Video Animation Expert Group Decoder Video Processor Sound Expert Group Decoder Digital to Analog Converter Current Eliminate programmable read-only memory remote controller external communication module video storage processor video storage component RF modulator video random access memory read-only memory data machine first layer signal set node symbol second signal layer path Signal Set Loop Signal Set Receiver Layered Signal Layered Signal O:\88\88795 DOC -44 - 1262688 810Α Low Noise Block 810Β Low Noise Block 902 Feedback Path 904 Tuner/Demodulation Transformer 908 Transmission Mode Group 1002 Decoder 1004 Demodulation Transformer 1006 Remodulator 1008 Decoder 1010 Demodulation Transformer 1012 Subtractor 1014 Mapping 1016 Combined Signal 1018 Mapper 1020 Demodulated Variable Signal 1022 Upper Carrier Signal 1100 Power Level 1102 Signal 1104 Upper Layer 1106 Noise Source 1108 Power Level 1110 Lower Level 1200 Computer System 1202 Computer Ο \88\88795 DOC -45 - 126 2688 1204 processor 1206 random storage memory 1208 operating system 1210 computer program 1212 compiler 1214 keyboard 1216 mouse component 1218A module 1218B user interface 1220 data storage component 1222 display 1224 floppy disk machine 1230 data communication component 1302 line 1304 Line 1306 line 1308 line 1310 line 1312 line 1314 line 1316 line 1502 upper curve 1504 lower curve O:\88\887Q5 DOC -46 -

Claims (1)

1262688 Pickup, patent application scope: 1. A method for transmitting a layered modulated signal, the signal having a first signal layer, the layer having a first signal symbol, and a second signal layer, the layer having The second signal symbol includes the following steps: determining a first signal layer modulated carrier power CL based at least in part on a blue space limit M1 of a first signal layer and a first signal layer availability; at least in part based on a second signal layer a blue space limit 及" and a second signal layer availability, determining a second signal layer modulation carrier power; modulating the first signal symbols by using the determined first signal layer modulation carrier power according to a first carrier; Transmitting the second signal symbols by using the determined second signal layer modulated carrier power according to a second carrier to generate the layered modulated signal; transmitting the modulated first signal symbols and the second signal a symbol; and wherein when the first signal layer availability and the second signal layer availability are qualitatively equal, the second signal layer has a blue space limit that is less than the first signal layer Limit. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the modulated first signal symbol and the modulated second signal symbol are transmitted independently. For example, in the method of claim S, the _th signal layer is transmitted using a frequency range different from the second signal layer. For example, the method of claim 1 wherein: at least in part based on a first layer of blue space limits and _ first layer availability data: fixed two: signal layer modulation carrier power. The step of determining the first quasi-carrier power 匕 is determined by: O:\88\887Q5 DOC' 1262688 α is a layer of blue-space limit Ml, β includes a value, which represents the layered withering Due to the increase of noise caused by atmospheric rainfall, α includes a value ', which represents the rainfall attenuation of the layered modulation signal, and includes a double-tone, two-second thermal noise' and the heart includes a first signal. Layer carrier pairing level; and Wang Shaoshao according to, wood-up--嘈 availability data number: modulation carrier power ~ this step, including the root, wherein the second layer of blue space limit Mu=p^lj, Moreover, Tu includes and determines a second-second quasi-D carrier power CU of the step k-th layer carrier-to-noise critical level. 5. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the first symbol is modulated according to a first carrier; the second signal is modulated according to a second carrier; and / The medium carrier system is randomly phased with respect to the second carrier as in the method of claim 5, and further packet/c is demodulated from the next step and the second signal layer is decoded to generate the sequence number. And a signal symbol and subtracting the re-encoding and remodulating the second signal symbols, and encoding and remodulating the second signal symbol from the layer to generate the first signal Layer; and 7 raw soil, you find a signal symbol for the transmission of a layer of modulation signal, 詨U 乂丄 ^ 10 5 tiger shoulder 'k layer, the layer has the first signal symbol, and -, System two signals: \88\88795 DOC 1262688 This layer has a second signal symbol, comprising the following steps: determining a first signal layer modulation based at least in part on a blue signal limit of a first signal layer and a first signal layer availability Carrier power; at least in part based on a second Determining a second signal layer modulated carrier power C" according to a blue-layer limit of the signal layer and a second signal layer availability; adjusting the carrier power according to a first carrier using the determined first signal layer modulation carrier power Signal symbol; modulating the second signal symbols by using the determined second signal layer modulated carrier power according to a second carrier; transmitting the modulated first signal symbols and the modulated second signal symbols And the second signal layer availability is greater than the first signal layer availability β + β T 'and the blue signal limit of the second signal layer is equal to, the at least part of the bean represents the rain attenuation of the second modulated carrier And at least partially representing the rain attenuation of the first signal layer modulated carrier, such as at least representing the additional noise due to rain in the second modulated carrier, and wherein at least partially representing the first modulated carrier This additional noise caused by rainfall. 8. 9. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the first signal symbol of the modulation and the second letter 35 symbol of the adjustment are transmitted independently. The method of claim 7, wherein the method of claim 7 is the method of claim 7, wherein the _th signal layer is transmitted using a frequency range different from the second signal layer. O:\ 88. The method of claim 7, wherein: the first signal layer is modulated according to a first carrier; the second signal layer is modulated according to a second carrier; and wherein The first carrier is randomly phased with respect to the second carrier. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising the steps of: decoding the first carrier and decoding the second layer to generate the Two signal symbols; re-encoding and modulating the second signal symbols, and subtracting the 'recoded and remodulated second signal symbols from the layered modulated signal to generate the first signal layer And demodulating the first carrier and decoding the demodulated first carrier to generate the first signal symbols. 1 3 - a device for transmitting a layered modulated signal, the signal having a First signal layer, the layer a first signal symbol, and a second signal layer, the layer having a second signal symbol, the device comprising: means for determining, at least in part, based on a blue space limit of a first signal layer and a first signal layer availability a first signal layer modulation carrier power CL; a component, configured to determine a second signal layer modulation carrier power Cu based at least in part on a second signal layer blue space limit and a second signal layer availability; a first carrier uses the determined first signal layer to modify the carrier power to modulate the first signal symbols; and a component for using the determined second signal layer according to a second carrier; \88\88795 DOC -4- 1262688 modulating carrier power, modulating the second signal layer; ... 唬 to generate the second component for transmitting the second signal symbol of the modulated first; and -μ paying And the modulation, wherein when the first signal layer is usable and substantially equal, the second signal layer; the number layer availability system is the stone space limit + the blue sky limit of the layer k of the spinning layer. Brother one 14. 15. 16. For the device of claim 13 of the patent application, the symbol of the dragon symbol and the first of the modulations, and the first letter of the modulation of μ are transmitted independently. The device, wherein the wide-layer is an up-modulation layer, and the first person-k唬 layer is modulated, and the second-layer layer is a device of the fifth aspect of the invention. 3 downward adjustment of the layer. Use: in the dying part f according to a first layer of the blue sky limit ~ and - the first layer can be used to according to 1 = ^ 1 and > set the I leather leather ^ component, package components, Where α is the war-wave power 4, the α is the first-layer blue-space limit M1, and the pure-enhanced value is the value of the layered modulated signal due to atmospheric rainfall, which represents the layered modulated signal. Rainfall attenuation, N includes a value representing a blue-air thermal noise, and U includes a pair of noise critical levels; and - a signal layer carrier is used to at least partially according to a second layer of blue-space limit and a second layer Raw, the second signal layer modulation carrier function is used for the root rp calendar + aCL) r ^ υ the component, the package α and the first Two carrier power level Cu O: \ 88 \ 88795 DOC 1262688 X member "blue sky wherein the second layer limits Mu = h + c), and Juniperus chinensis - brother second signal layer carrier-to-noise threshold level. 17. The device of claim 13, wherein: the first signal symbols are modulated according to a first carrier; the second signal symbols are modulated according to a second carrier; and wherein the first carrier Randomly phased on the second carrier. 18. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the step further comprises: 々 a component 'for demodulating and decoding the second signal layer to generate the second signal symbol; a component for re-encoding and retuning Varying the second signal symbols, and subtracting the second signal symbol re-encoded and remodulated from 5 Hz or the like from the layered modulated signal to generate the first signal layer; and the component for solving The first signal layer is modulated and decoded to produce the first signal symbols. 19. A device for transmitting a layered modulated signal, the signal having a first: signal layer, the layer having a first signal symbol, and a second signal layer, the layer having a second signal symbol, the device comprising And a component for determining a first signal layer modulated carrier power CL based at least in part on a blue space limit of the first signal layer and a first layer layer availability; the component is configured to at least partially determine a blue space limit of the second signal layer Mu and a second signal layer availability, a second signal layer 胄 variable carrier power Cu; 〇 '88\88795 DOC 1262688 component 'is used to modulate the carrier power of the first signal layer according to a first carrier using the decision Modulating the first signal symbols; the component 'is configured to modulate the second signal symbol by using the determined second signal layer to adjust the carrier power according to a second carrier to generate the second modulation signal; a means for transmitting the modulated first signal symbols and the modulated second signal symbols; and wherein the second signal layer availability is greater than the first signal layer availability ~β^β Τ And the blue space limit of the second signal layer is at least partially representative of the rain attenuation of the second modulated carrier, and at least partially represents the rainfall attenuation of the first signal layer modulated carrier, at least The portion represents the additional noise caused by the rain in the second modulated carrier, and the at least partially representing the additional noise caused by the rain in the first modulated carrier. 20. 21. 22. 23. The device of claim 19, wherein the modulated first signal symbol and the modulated second signal symbol are transmitted independently. For example, the device of the ninth application of the patent scope is known. The device of claim 19, wherein the _th signal layer is transmitted using a frequency range different from the second signal layer. The device of claim 19, wherein: the first signal layer is modulated according to a first carrier; the β-first signal layer is modulated according to a second carrier; and wherein the first carrier system is The second carrier is randomly phased. 0 \88\88795 DOC 1262688 24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the step comprises: ^1 demodulating and decoding the second carrier and decoding the first layer to generate the second a signal symbol; a means for re-encoding and modulating the second signal symbols, and subtracting the (4) symbols (4) layered modulation (4) of the re-encoded and re-modulated to generate the first a signal layer; and means for demodulating the first carrier and decoding the demodulated first carrier to generate the first signal symbols. 25. A device for transmitting a layered modulated signal, the signal having a first layer 'the layer having a first signal symbol, and a second signal layer, the far layer having a second signal symbol, the device comprising: And determining, according to at least part of a blue signal limit of the first signal layer, a first signal layer modulation carrier power Cz, and for at least partially calculating a blue space according to a second signal layer Limiting (or a second signal layer availability, determining a second signal layer modulation carrier power CV; a modulator coupled to the processor in a communication manner, the modulator being used in accordance with a carrier uses the determined first signal layer to modulate the carrier power to modulate the first signal symbols; the first modulator is operatively coupled to the processor handle, and the second modulator is used Using the determined second signal layer to adjust the carrier power according to a second carrier, modulating the second signal symbols to generate the second signal layer; at least one transmitter, which is in communication mode and the modulation And the second O :\88\88795 DOC 1262688 u coupled 'the at least one transmitter system, the call-signal symbol and the second signal symbol of the modulation; ^ the first of the modulations when the first-signal layer is available and the first When the mass is equal, the second signal layer has a blue space; the layer availability is the blue space limit of the succinct layer. It is smaller than the first -6. The device of claim 25, wherein: the tiger: The second signal symbol of the modulation is unique: the second signal of the second signal === the device of the twenty-fifth, wherein the second signal layer is modulated by 28 and the first signal layer modulation layer is - Downgrading the layer. As in the device of claim 27, the 1-module is used to determine according to the ClA: the first processing, including: p is better than 0 α and depends on the first standard carrier power I' I is the blue-layer limit M1 of the first layer, and the value includes a numerical value, and the wave is opposite to the hole boundary level; and the group is used to determine a second must (TL^1) and the J' table-Hail layer The noise of the shape m due to atmospheric rainfall increases, α includes a value, which represents the rainfall attenuation of the layered modulation signal, and includes a value ' Represents the blue-air thermal noise, and the eight-including-signal layer carries the second mode stack, and the quasi-carrier power Cu, where the first - Mi white # rrs ώ: Α, (a υ , , τ, a layer of blue-space limit Μυ = r + — β Τυ includes a second signal layer carrier-to-noise critical level. 29. The device of claim 25, wherein: the first symbol of 忒 is modulated according to the first carrier; The second signal symbol is based on the second carrier modulation; and wherein the first carrier is randomly phased with respect to the second carrier. 0 \88\88795 DOC 1262688 30. 31 as claimed in claim 29 The apparatus further includes: a demodulator for demodulating the second layer signal; a decoder 'communicating with the demodulation transformer for resolving the demodulated second a signal layer to generate the second signal symbols; a re-encoder, which is decoded in a communication mode (4), the re-encoder is used to re-encode the second signal symbols; Communicating with the recoder in a communication manner, the modulator is used to modulate the Re-encoded second signal symbol; a subtractor communicatively coupled to the modulator for subtracting the re-encoded and re-modulated second signal symbols from the layered (four) signal And generating a first signal layer; and - a second demodulation transformer for demodulating and decoding the first signal layer to generate the first signal symbols. a device for transmitting a layered modulated signal, the signal having a first: signal layer, the layer having a first signal symbol, and a second signal layer, the beta layer having a first signal symbol, the device comprising · · The device is used to determine a first signal layer modulated carrier power according to a blue space limit of a first signal layer and a first signal layer availability. And for at least partially based on a second signal layer's blue-space limit &/" and a second signal show y field utilisation, the decision - the second signal layer modulation carrier power CV; Connected to the processor in a communication manner, the modulator is configured to modulate the first signal symbols by using the determined first-signal layer modulated carrier power according to a first carrier; O:\88\ 88795.DOC -10- 1262688 The younger brother is in a state of dying, which is coupled with the processor in a way of $1, and the thief is used according to a first-ψ μ ^ m ^ , carrier Adopting the second signal layer of the decision. The carrier power is modulated by the frequency of the carrier, and the second signal symbol is modulated to generate the second modulated signal; at least one transmitter is connected to the system by The second modulator is coupled to the first transducer of the ό 用于 用于 用于 用于 用于 用于 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 The availability is greater than the first signal layer availability, and the second signal layer has a blue-space limit J. φ a LH r ac at least partially represents the rainfall attenuation of the second modulated carrier, and the rain attenuation of at least a portion of the modulation carrier of the first 彳 § § 调 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , The additional noise caused by the rain, and at least partly representing the additional noise caused by the rain in the first modulated carrier. 32. 33. 34. 35. If Shen Qing patent scope is item 31 The apparatus, wherein the modulated first signal symbols and the modulated second signal symbols are independently transmitted. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the apparatus of claim 31, The first signal layer is transmitted according to a first carrier frequency; The two signal layers are modulated according to a second carrier; and wherein the first carrier is randomly phased with respect to the second carrier. 〇\88\887Q5 DOC -11 - 1262688 36. 37. Device, further comprising a transformer for demodulating and decoding the second carrier and decoding the second layer to generate the second signal symbols; a re-encoder for re-encoding the second signal symbols; a transformer coupled to the recoder in a communication manner, the modulator for remodulating the second signal symbols; a subtractor coupled to the modulator in a communication manner for And subtracting, from the layered modulated signal, the second signal symbol from the layered modulated signal to generate the first signal layer; and - the second demodulating device, which is in communication mode Coupled with the subtractor, the second solution (four) H is used to demodulate the first carrier and decode the demodulated first carrier to generate the first signal symbols. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the first signal layer is transmitted using a frequency range different from the second signal layer. O:\88\88795 DOC -12 -