472464 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 Α7 Β7 五、發明說明（/ ) 發明背長 1、 發明領域 本發明係相關於編碼資訊，尤其相關於用於對具有改 良資訊密度之資訊進行編碼的方法及裝置。本發明更進一 步相關於從已編碼資訊處產生一調變訊號、從已編碼資訊 處產生一s3錄媒體、以及記錄媒體本身。本發明亦更進一 步相關於對已編碼資訊進行解碼、以及從一調變訊號以及 /或者一記錄媒體處對已編碼資訊進行解碼的方法與裝置 〇 2、 背景技藝之描述 當資料係經由一傳送線來進行傳送或是被記錄在一個 例如是一磁性磁碟、一光學磁碟、或是一光磁磁碟之記錄 媒體上之時，資料在進行傳送或記錄之前係被調變爲符合 該傳送線或記錄媒體之編碼。 般被彳示不爲（d，k)之執彳了長度限制碼（run iength limited codes; RLLC)係已被廣泛地並且成功地應用在現 代磁性以及光學記錄系統之中。此種編碼以及用於實現此 種編碼之裝置係由K. A. Schouhamer Immink描述於「用於 大量資料儲存系統之編碼」一書（ISBN 90-74249-23-X, 1999 )之中。執行長度限制碼係爲較早之無返回至零的記 錄編碼的一種延伸，其中二進位所記錄之、、〇〃係以在記 錄媒體中不存在有任何（磁性通量）改變來加以表示，而 二進位Λ 1 〃係由從所記錄之通量的一個方向轉變爲相反 方向來加以表示。 5 本紙張尺度適用令國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 χ 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝--------訂---------户 472464 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 五、發明說明（立） 在一個(d,k)編碼之中，上述之記錄規則係被維持，而 額外的條件係爲至少d個零係被記錄在連續的之間 ，並且不可以有超過k個零被記錄在連續的> 1 〃之間。 第一個條件係以排除因爲所重製轉變部分之脈衝擁擠在一 系列的a 1〃係被連續地記錄之時所發生之內部記號干擾 。第二個條件係以確保能夠從所重製資料處藉由 ''鎖定〃 一個鎖相迴圈至所重製之轉變部分來恢復一個時脈。如果 相鄰的零之未中斷串列過長而沒有被A1 "所補入，時脈 產生之鎖相迴路將會無法再同步。舉例來說，在一個（1，7) 編碼之中，介於所記錄之、1 〃之間係存在有至少一個、、 〇"，並且介於所記錄之、1〃之間所存在連續的、〇" 係不會超過7個。 該系列之已編碼位元係經由一種Modulo-2積分運算 而被轉換爲一個由具有一高或低訊號數値之位元格（bit cells)所形成的相應調變訊號。一個、1 〃位元係藉由從 一高訊號數値改變爲低訊號數値，反之亦然，表示成調變 訊號’而一個、〇〃位元則係藉由在調變訊號中沒有改變 來加以表示。 此等編碼之資訊傳送效率係典型地被表示爲一個比率 其係爲在資訊子兀中之位兀數與在編碼字兀中之位元數 的商數（亦即m/n)。理論上編碼的最大比率（給定d與k 之數値）係被稱爲Shannon容量。第一圖係以表列方式說 明在d=l的情況下，針對不同k與Shannon容量C(d，k)間 之關係。如同在圖示中所顯示者，對於一個（1，7)編碼而言 6 ----------I t --------訂---------V (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公麓） 472464 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明（3 ) ，Shannon容量C(l，7)係具有一個0.67929的數値。此係意 指一個（1，7)編碼係無法具有一個大於〇.67929的比率。編 碼之實際實行所需要的是比率係爲一個有理數的分數’並 且使上述（1，7)編碼具有一個2门的比率。這一個2/3的比 率係稍微小於0.67929之Shannon容量，並因此編碼係爲 一種高效率者。爲了達成2/3之比率，兩個未限制之資料 位元係被映射至3個受限制之已編碼位元° 具有比率2/3之(1，7)編碼以及用於實現相關編碼器及 解碼器之方式係已知於習知技藝之中。授予Adler等人之 美國專利第4,413,251號「用於以比率2/3來針對一個（1，7) 頻道產生無雜訊滑動區塊編碼之方法及裝置」係揭示了一 種編碼器，其係爲一種具有5個內部狀態之有限狀態的機 器。授予Franaszek之美國專利第4,488，142號「用於以比 率2/3將未限制資料編碼在（1，7)格式上的裝置」係揭示了 一種具有8個內部狀態的編碼器。 然而，一種用於更有效率地編碼之需求係存在者，以 使得例如是在一記錄媒體上或是在一傳送線上之資訊密度 係可以被增大。 發明槪要 在根據本發明之轉換方法與裝置之中，m位元之資訊 字元係以一種大於2/3之比率而被轉換爲n位元之編碼字 元。因此，相同的資訊量係可以被記錄在較少的空間中， 並且資訊密度係會增大。 在本發明中，η位元編碼字元係被分成—個第一類型 7 ----------- - ---I----訂---------^''~丨 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 472464 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明（f) 以及一個第二類型，並且被分成一個第一種類以及一個第 二種類之編碼狀態，如果先前的m位元資訊字元係被轉換 爲一個第一類型之η位元編碼字元的話，一個m位元之資 訊字元便被轉換爲一個第一或第二種類之η位元的編碼字 元；如果先前的m位元資訊字元係被轉換爲一個第二類型 之η位元編碼字元的話，則被轉換爲一個第一種類之η位 元的編碼字元。在一個實施例之中，第一類型之η位元編 碼字元係以零爲結束、第二類型之η位元編碼字元係以1 爲結束、第一種類之η位元編碼字元係以零爲起始、第二 種類之η位元編碼字元係以零或1爲起始。此外，在本發 明之實施例之中，η位元編碼字元係滿足一個dk限制至 (l，k)，以使得最少一個零，最多K個零落於連續的1之間 〇 在本發明的其他實施例之中，根據本發明之編碼裝置 及方法係被利用來將資訊記錄在一個記錄媒體上，並且係 創造出一種記錄媒體。 在本發明的再一實施例之中，根據本發明之編碼裝置 及方法係更進一步地被利用來傳送資訊。 在根據本發明之解碼方法及裝置之中，根據編碼方法 及裝置所創造的η位元編碼字元係被解碼成爲m位元資訊 字元。解碼係包含決定下一個η位元編碼字元的狀態，並 且根據狀態決定，目前的η位元編碼字元係被轉換爲一個 m位元資訊字元。 在本發明的另一個實施例之中，根據本發明之解碼裝 8 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -----------' * 裝--------訂----------^、、 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 472464 經濟部智慧財產居員工消費合作社印製 Α7 Β7 五、發明說明（女） 置以及方法係被利用以從一個記錄媒體處重製資訊。 在本發明的再一實施例之中，根據本發明之解碼裝置 以及方法係被利用以接收在一媒體上所傳送之資訊。 圖示簡單說明 本發明將從在下文中所給定並僅作爲舉例說明之用的 詳細描述以及伴隨圖示，而將能夠爲人所更完整的了解， 在不同的圖示中，相同的元件符號係標示相應的部件，其 中之圖不係爲· 第一圖係以表列說明在d=l的情況下，針對不同k與 Shannon容量C(d，k)間之關係； 第二圖係顯示了在第一實施例中，在不同子群組中的 編碼字兀是如何被分配至不同狀態的一個示例； 第三圖係顯示了根據本發明之編碼裝置的一個實施例 y 第四A圖至第四Η圖係顯示出根據第—實施例用於將 9位兀資訊字元轉換爲13位元編碼字元的一個完整的轉換 表； 第五圖係說明了使用第四Α圖至第四Η圖之轉換表來 將一系列資訊字元轉換至一系列編碼字元； 第六圖係說明了根據本發明之記錄裝置的一個實施例 > 第七圖係說明了根據本發明之記錄媒體以及調變訊號 > 第八圖係說明了根據本發明之傳送裝置； 9 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） — I —--- I ------- I 訂 (請先閱讀背面之注音？事項再填寫本頁) 472464 A7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明（厶） 第九圖係說明了根據本發明之解碼裝置； 第十圖係說明了根據本發明之重製裝置； 第^一圖係說明了根據本發明之接收裝置； 第十二圖係顯示了在第二實施例中，在不同子群組中 的編碼字元是如何被分配至不同狀態的一個示例； 第十三A圖至第十三C圖係顯示了根據第二實施例用 於將9位元資訊字元轉換爲13位元編碼字元的一個轉換表 的起始、中間、以及結束部分； 第十四圖在第三實施例中，在不同子群組中的編碼子 元是如何被分配至不同狀態的一個示例； 第十五A圖至第十五C圖係顯示了根據第三實施例用 於將11位元資訊字元轉換爲16位元編碼字元的一個轉換 表的起始、中間、以及結束部分； 第十六圖在第四實施例中，在不同子群組中的編碼字 元是如何被分配至不同狀態的一個示例；以及 第十七A圖至第十七C圖係顯示了根據第四實施例用 於將13位元資訊字元轉換爲19位元編碼字元的一個轉換 表的起始、中間、以及結束部分。 齩佳啻施例詳細說昍 根據本發明之一般編碼方法將藉由編碼方法之特定第 一實施例而在下文中予以描述。接下來，根據本發明之一 般解碼方法將在第一竇施例之上下文中予以描述。根據本 發明之不同裝置將接著被描述。特別的情況是，根據本^ 明之編碼裝置、記錄裝置、傳送裝置、解碼裝置、制又 里W裝 10 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) —裝 n i -i-r-&T 1 n n n I V - n n I— In ^^1 n ^^1 an 1^1 HI ^^1 1^1472464 Printed by the Consumers ’Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of the Invention (/) Backstory of the Invention 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to encoding information, and particularly to encoding information with improved information density. Method and device. The present invention is further related to generating a modulation signal from the encoded information, generating an s3 recording medium from the encoded information, and the recording medium itself. The present invention is further related to a method and an apparatus for decoding encoded information and decoding encoded information from a modulation signal and / or a recording medium. 02 Description of background technology When data is transmitted via a When being transmitted online or recorded on a recording medium such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, or a magneto-optical disk, the data is adjusted to conform to that before being transmitted or recorded. Coding of transmission lines or recording media. Generally, it is indicated that the run length limit codes (RLLC) which are not (d, k) have been widely and successfully used in modern magnetic and optical recording systems. This encoding and the means used to implement it are described by K. A. Schouhamer Immink in the book "Encoding for Massive Data Storage Systems" (ISBN 90-74249-23-X, 1999). The execution length limit code is an extension of the earlier record encoding that did not return to zero. The binary record,, and 〃 are expressed as the absence of any (magnetic flux) change in the recording medium. The binary Λ 1 〃 is represented by a change from one direction of the recorded flux to the opposite direction. 5 This paper size applies the national standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 x 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) --- Household 472464 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 V. Description of the Invention (L) In a (d, k) code, the above record rules are maintained, and the additional conditions are at least d Zeros are recorded between consecutive, and no more than k zeros can be recorded between consecutive > 1 〃. The first condition is to eliminate the internal symbol interference that occurs when the pulses of the reconstituted transitions are crowded in a series of a 1 units that are continuously recorded. The second condition is to ensure that a clock can be restored from the reproduced data by '' locking '' a phase-locked loop to the reproduced part of the transition. If the uninterrupted sequence of adjacent zeros is too long without being supplemented by A1 ", the phase-locked loop generated by the clock will no longer be synchronized. For example, in a (1,7) code, there is at least one,, 0 " between the recorded, 1〃, and there is a continuity between the recorded, 1〃 , 〇 " Departments will not exceed seven. The series of coded bits are converted into a corresponding modulation signal formed by bit cells with a high or low signal number through a Modulo-2 integral operation. One, one bit is changed from a high signal number to one with a low signal number, and vice versa, it is expressed as a modulation signal, and one, one bit is changed by no change in the modulation signal. To show. The efficiency of such coded information transmission is typically expressed as a ratio which is the quotient of the number of bits in the information element and the number of bits in the coded word (i.e., m / n). The theoretical maximum encoding ratio (given the number of d and k) is called Shannon capacity. The first figure illustrates the relationship between different k and Shannon's capacity C (d, k) in the form of a table in the case of d = 1. As shown in the illustration, for a (1,7) code 6 ---------- I t -------- order --------- V (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 feet) 472464 Printed by the Consumers ’Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 (3), Shannon capacity C (l, 7) has a number of 0.67929. This means that a (1,7) coding system cannot have a ratio greater than 0.697929. What is needed for the actual implementation of the encoding is that the ratio is a fraction of a rational number 'and that the above (1, 7) encoding has a ratio of 2 gates. This two-thirds ratio is slightly less than the Shannon capacity of 0.67929, and therefore the encoding system is a highly efficient one. In order to achieve a 2/3 ratio, two unrestricted data bits are mapped to 3 restricted coded bits. (1,7) encoding with a ratio of 2/3 and used to implement the relevant encoder and The method of the decoder is known in the art. U.S. Patent No. 4,413,251 to Adler et al., "Method and Apparatus for Generating Noise-Free Sliding Block Coding for a (1,7) Channel with a Ratio of 2/3", discloses an encoder, which is A finite state machine with 5 internal states. U.S. Patent No. 4,488,142, "Frequency Device for Encoding Unrestricted Data in (1,7) Format at a Ratio of 2/3" to Franaszek, discloses an encoder with eight internal states. However, a need exists for more efficient encoding so that the density of information, for example, on a recording medium or on a transmission line, can be increased. Summary of the Invention In the conversion method and apparatus according to the present invention, the m-bit information characters are converted into n-bit coded characters at a ratio greater than 2/3. Therefore, the same amount of information can be recorded in less space, and the information density can increase. In the present invention, the n-bit coded character system is divided into a first type 7 --------------- I ---- subscription --------- ^ '' ~ 丨 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 472464 Printed by the Consumers ’Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 5. Description of the invention (f) and a second type, and is divided into a first type and a second type of coding status, if the previous m-bit information character system is converted to a first type of n-bit If it is a coded character, an m-bit information character is converted into a first or second kind of n-bit coded character; if the previous m-bit information character is converted to a second type The η-bit coded character is converted into a first type of η-bit coded character. In one embodiment, the first type of n-bit coded characters end with zero, the second type of n-bit coded characters end with 1, and the first type of n-bit coded characters Starting with zero, the n-bit coded characters of the second type start with zero or one. In addition, in the embodiment of the present invention, the n-bit coded character satisfies a dk limit to (l, k), so that at least one zero and at most K zeros fall between consecutive ones. In the present invention, In other embodiments, the encoding device and method according to the present invention are used to record information on a recording medium and create a recording medium. In still another embodiment of the present invention, the encoding device and method according to the present invention are further utilized to transmit information. In the decoding method and device according to the present invention, the n-bit coded characters created according to the coding method and device are decoded into m-bit information characters. The decoding system includes determining the status of the next n-bit coded character, and according to the status decision, the current n-bit coded character system is converted into an m-bit information character. In another embodiment of the present invention, according to the decoding device of the present invention, the paper size is adapted to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) ----------- '* Packing -------- Order ---------- ^ ,, (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) 472464 Printed by the Intellectual Property Department of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Consumer Cooperatives Α7 Β7 Five The invention (female) device and method are used to reproduce information from a recording medium. In still another embodiment of the present invention, a decoding device and method according to the present invention are utilized to receive information transmitted on a medium. The drawings briefly explain the present invention will be given a detailed description and accompanying drawings given below for illustration only, and will be more fully understood by people. In different drawings, the same element symbols The corresponding parts are marked, and the diagram is not. The first diagram is a table to explain the relationship between different k and Shannon capacity C (d, k) in the case of d = 1; the second diagram shows An example of how the coded words in different subgroups are assigned to different states in the first embodiment; the third diagram shows an embodiment of the encoding device according to the present invention; the fourth diagram A The fourth to fourth figures show a complete conversion table for converting 9-bit information characters into 13-bit coded characters according to the first embodiment; the fifth figure illustrates the use of the fourth to third figures A conversion table of four diagrams is used to convert a series of information characters to a series of encoded characters. The sixth diagram illustrates an embodiment of the recording apparatus according to the present invention. The seventh diagram illustrates the recording according to the present invention. Media and Modulation Signals> Eighth Describes the conveying device according to the present invention; 9 This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) — I —--- I ------- I Order (Please read first Note on the back? Matters need to be filled out on this page) 472464 A7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (厶) The ninth picture illustrates the decoding device according to the invention; the tenth picture illustrates the decoding device according to the invention Invented reproduction device; Fig. ^ Illustrates the receiving device according to the present invention; Fig. 12 illustrates how the coded characters in different subgroups are assigned to different in the second embodiment An example of a state; Figures 13A to 13C show the beginning and middle of a conversion table for converting a 9-bit information character into a 13-bit coded character according to the second embodiment And the ending part; FIG. 14 In the third embodiment, an example of how coding sub-elements in different subgroups are assigned to different states; FIGs. 15A to 15C show According to the third embodiment, an 11-bit information word is used. The beginning, middle, and end of a conversion table converted to a 16-bit coded character; FIG. 16 shows how the coded characters in different subgroups are allocated to different states in the fourth embodiment And Figures 17A to 17C show the beginning and middle of a conversion table for converting a 13-bit information character into a 19-bit coded character according to the fourth embodiment. , And the end. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A general encoding method according to the present invention will be described below by a specific first embodiment of the encoding method. Next, a general decoding method according to the present invention will be described in the context of the first sinus embodiment. Different devices according to the present invention will be described next. In special cases, according to the encoding device, recording device, transmission device, decoding device, manufacturing system, and packaging of this document, the paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) (Please read first Note on the back, please fill out this page again) —install ni -ir- & T 1 nnn IV-nn I— In ^^ 1 n ^^ 1 an 1 ^ 1 HI ^^ 1 1 ^ 1
I I 472464 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 五、發明說明（7 ) 置、以及接收裝置將被描述。之後，根據本發明之額外編 碼實施例將被描述。 編碼方法 丄一根據本_個m位元資訊字元係被轉換爲一個n 位元編碼字元，以使得m/n之比轉大於2/3。編碼字元 係被分成第一類型以及第二類型，其中，該第一類型係包 括有以〇爲結束之編碼字元，而該第二類型係包括有 以1爲結束之編碼字元。因此，第一類型之編碼字元 係被分成兩個子群組E00以及Εΐο，而第二類型之編碼字 元係被分成兩個子群組E01以及E11。編碼字元子群組 E00係包括有以、、0〃爲起始、並且以、、〇〃爲結束之編碼 字元，編碼字元子群組E01係包括有以、、0〃爲起始、並 且以〃爲結束之編碼字元，編碼字元子群組E1〇係包 括有以〃爲起始、並且以、、〇〃爲結束之編碼字元，而 編碼字元子群組E11係包括有以、ι〃爲起始、並且以、 〃爲結束之編碼字元。 編碼字元亦被分成一個第一種類之至少一個狀態以及 一個第二種類之至少一個狀態。第一種類之諸狀態係包括 有僅以、〇〃爲起始之編碼字元，而第二種類之諸狀態則係 包括有以''〇〃或是Μ〃爲起始之編碼字元。 根據第一實施例^繾礁卞法 在本發明的第一較佳實施例之中，9位元資訊字元係 被轉換爲13位元編碼字元。編碼字元係滿足一個（1，k)限制 ，並且係被分成第一種類的三個狀態以及第二種類的兩個 11 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -----------I --------訂---------^· (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 472464 A7 B7 五、發明說明（？） 狀態（總數是五個狀態）。爲了降低k限制，三個編碼字 元，亦即、、0000000000000、、0000000000001 〃 、、、 0000000000010〃係從編碼表處被封阻（barred)。編碼字 元的一個計數（enumeration)係顯示出在子群組E00中存 在有231個編碼字元，在子群組E10中係存在有144個編 碼字元，在子群組E01中係存在有143個編碼字元，在子 群組E11中係存在有89個編碼字元。 爲了執行編碼，在每一狀態中的每一個13位元編碼字 元係與一個編碼狀態方向（coding state direction)相關聯 。狀態方向係指出下一個狀態，而從此狀態用以在編碼程 序中選出一個編碼字元。狀態方向係被分配（assigned)至 編碼字元，以使得以爲結束之編碼字元（亦即在子群 組E10與E00中的編碼字元）具有指出任一個r=5狀態的 相關狀態方向，而以"1〃爲結束之編碼字元（亦即在子群 組E01與E11中的編碼字元）具有僅指出一個第一種類之 狀態的相關狀態方向。此係確保d=l限制將被滿足；換句 話說，在以、、1〃編碼之編碼字元之後，下一個編碼字元將 以^ 〃爲起始。 此外，如同將於下文中予以更詳細地討.論者，雖然相 同的編碼字元係可以被分配至處於相同狀態中的不同資訊 字元，不同狀態係不能包括相同的編碼字元。特別的是’ 在子群組E10與E00中的編碼字元係可以被分配5次至處 於一狀態內的不同資訊字元，而在子群組E01與ΕΠ中的 編碼字元係可以被分配3次至處於一狀態內的不同資訊子 12 ^紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -装--------訂---------.^'' 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 472464 A7 五、發明說明（7 ) 元。由於在子群組E00中存在有231個編碼字元，在子群 組E10中係存在有144個編碼字元，因此對於第一類型之 編碼字元係存在有1875 ( 5*(23 1 + 144))種、、編碼字元—狀 知方向〃組合。在子群組E01中存在有143個編碼字兀， 在子群組E11中係存在有89個編碼字元，因此對於第二 類型之編碼字元係存在有696 ( 3*(143 + 89))種、、編碼字元 —狀態方向〃組合。據此總共有1875+696=2571種、編碼 字兀-狀態方向〃組合存在。 對於m位元資訊字元而言，總共存在有2m個可能的 資訊字元。如此，對於9位元資訊字元而言，則存在有 29=512個資訊字元。因爲在此編碼實施例中有五個狀態存 在，因此需要5倍的512=2561個、編碼字元一狀態方向 〃組合。而此係留下2571-2561 = 10個剩下的組合。 在不同字群組中可獲得之編碼字元係依照上述之限定 而被分配於第一種類與第二種類的諸狀態之上。第二圖係 顯不出一個在不同子群組中的編碼字元如何在此一實施例 中被分配至不同狀態的例子。如同在第二圖中所顯示者， 在這一個示例之中，狀態1、2、以及3係爲第一種類之 狀態，而狀態4以及5係爲第二種類之狀態。採用大小 230的子群組E00來作爲一個示例，子群組E00在狀態1 、2、以及3中係分別具有76個編碼字元，再加上在狀態 4以及5中則分別具有1個編碼字元。並且，採用狀態1 來作爲一個示例，在狀態1之中，、編碼字元-狀態方向 〃組合的數目係爲5*76+3*44=512，其所意指的是9位元 13 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 4^4 --------訂·--------.^、. 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 472464 A7 B7 五、發明說明（p) 資訊字元係可以被分配。記住，第一類型的每一個編碼字 元係可以被分配至五種不同狀態中的任一種來作爲一個狀 態方向，並因此在一狀態中係使用5倍；而第二類型的每 一個編碼字元係因爲d=l的限定而僅能夠被分配至第一種 類之三種不同狀態中的一種來作爲一個狀態方向，並因此 在一狀態中係使用3倍。 可以證實的是，如同顯示在第二圖中，從任一個r=5 的編碼狀態，至少512個資訊字元可以被分配至編碼字元 ，而此係足夠適用於9位元資訊字元。在以上所述之方式 中，任何隨意系列的9位元資訊字元係可以被獨特地轉換 爲一系列的編碼字兀。 第四A圖至第四Η圖係顯示了根據此一實施例之一個 用於將9位元資訊字元轉換爲13位元編碼字元的完整轉換 表。被包含在第四Α圖至第四Η圖之轉換表中的是被分配 至每一個編碼字元的狀態方向。特別的是，在第四Α圖至 第四Η圖之中，第一欄係顯示出在第二欄中資訊字元的小 數點。第三欄、第五欄、第七欄、第九欄、以及第[^一欄 係顯示出分別被分配至狀態1、2、3 ' 4、以及5中之 資訊字元的編碼字元（在習知技藝中亦被指爲信道位元（ channel bits))。第四欄、第六欄、第八欄、第十欄、以 及第十二欄係藉由個別的數字1、2、3、4、以及5來 顯示分別在第三欄'第五欄'第七欄、第九欄、以及第十 一欄中相關編碼字元之狀態方向。 將一系列的資訊字元轉換爲一系列的編碼字元將參照 14 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注音？事項再填寫本頁) -裝--------訂--------- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 472464 五 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作杜印製 A7 B7 —____________ —— — —— * ...... 、發明說明（II ) 第五圖來加以更進一步地解釋。第五圖之第一欄係由上至 下顯示出一系列連續的9位元資訊字元，並且第二欄係於 括號中顯示出這些資訊字元的小數數値。第三欄、、狀態" 係爲將被使用於資訊字元之轉換的編碼狀態。該''狀態" 係在先前的編碼字元被傳送之時（亦即先則編碼字兀之狀 態方向）而被放下（laid down)。第四欄 '、編碼字兀夕係 包括有根據第四A圖至第四Η圖之轉換表而被分配至資訊 字元之編碼字元。第五欄、、下一個狀態〃係爲與第四欄中 之編碼字元相關的狀態方向，並且亦根據第四Α圖至第四 Η圖之轉換表來加以決疋·。 從顯示在第五圖第一欄中之該系列資訊字元的第一字 元係在小數點中具有一個、、1 〃之字兀數値。讓我們假5受編 碼狀態在該系列之資訊1字元之轉換係被起始之時係爲狀態 1 (S1)。因此，第一字元係根據來自轉換表之狀態1組 編碼字元而被轉換爲編碼字元、、0000000000100〃。而在同 時，下—個狀態係變爲狀態2 (S2)，此係因爲被分配至 代表在狀態1中之小數點數値1之編碼字兀 0000000000100〃的狀態方向係爲狀態2之故。此係意指下 一個資訊字元（小數點數値、、3〃）係將使用在狀態2中 的編碼字元而被轉換。因此，具有小數點數値、、3 〃之下 —個資訊字元係被轉換爲編碼字元、、0001010001010〃。相 似於上述之方法，具有小數點數値"5〃、、'12〃 、以 及1 9 〃之資訊字元係被轉換。 解碼方法 15 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（C&S)A4規格（210 χ 297公釐） -----------* -裝--------訂---------^ 1 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 472464 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明（θ) 在下文中，從一記錄媒體處所接收之η位元編碼字元 的解碼（在此實施例中係爲13位元字元）將參照第四a圖 至第四Η圖來加以更進一步地解釋。爲了說明之目的，假 設從例如是一記錄媒體處所接收之一系列連續編碼字元的 字元數値係爲 ''0000000000100〃、''ΟΟΟΙΟΙΟΟΟΗΗΟ，、 以及''0101001001001〃。從第四A圖至第四η圖之轉換表 ，所發現的是第一編碼字元''0000000000100〃係被分別分 配至資訊字元' 'Μ〃、、2〃、、、3〃、與、、4〃以及 狀態方向1、2、3、4、以及5。下一個編碼字元數値 係爲''0001010001010〃，並且係屬於狀態2中的該組編碼 字元。此係意指第一編碼字元''0000000000100〃具有一個 2的狀態方向。具有一個2的狀態方向之第一編碼字元'' 0000000000100〃係代表具有一個小數點數値\'1〃之資訊 字元。因此’所決定的是第一編碼字兀係代表具有一個小 數點數値、、1〃之資訊字元、、000000001〃。 再者，第三編碼字元、'0101001001001 〃係爲狀態4 的一個成員。因此，以上述相同方式所決定的是第二編碼 字元1001010001010〃係代表具有一個小數點數値 之資訊字元。以相同的方式，其他的編碼字元係可以被解 碼。必須注意的是，目前的編碼字元以及下一個編碼字元 二者係被觀察用以將目前之編碼字元解碼爲一個獨特的資 訊字元。 第三圖係顯示了根據本發明之一編碼裝置1 2 4的一 16 L本紙張尺度適用中關家標準（CNS)A4規格（21G Χ 297公5 一 ------------ --------訂---------^' (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 472464 A7 B7 五、發明說明（G ) 個實施例。編碼裝置1 2 4係將m位元資訊字元轉換爲η 位元編碼字元，其中不同編碼狀態r之數字係藉由一個位 元來加以表示。舉例來說，當解碼狀態之數字r=5時，s等 於3。如同在圖示中所顯示者，編碼裝置1 2 4係包括有 一個轉換器5 〇，用於將（m+s)二進位輸入訊號轉換爲 (n+s)二進位輸出訊號。在一個較佳實施例之中，轉換器5 〇係包括有一個唯讀記憶體（read only memory; ROM) ’ 該唯讀記憶體係儲存一個根據本發明至少一個實施例之轉 換表，以及用於根據m+s二進位輸入訊號來尋出轉換表位 址之地址電路。然而，若不利用一個唯讀記憶體，轉換器 5 0係可以包括有一個組合的邏輯電路，此組合的邏輯電 路係產生與根據本發明至少一個實施例之轉換表相同的結 果。 從轉換器5 〇之輸入，m輸入係被連接至一個第一匯 流排5 1，用於接收m位元資訊字元。從轉換器5 0之輸 出，η輸出係被連接至一個第二匯流排5 2，用於傳送η 位元編碼字元。再者，s輸入係被連接至一個s位元第三匯 流排5 3，用於接收一個指出瞬間編碼狀態之狀態字元。 狀態字元係藉由一個緩衝記憶體5 4而被傳送，該緩衝記 憶體5 4係包括有例如是s觸發器（flip-flops)。緩衝記 億體5 4係具有被連接至一個第四匯流排之S輸入，用於 接收一個將被裝入緩衝記憶體5 4中來作爲狀態字元的狀 態方向。爲了傳遞被裝入緩衝記憶體5 4中之狀態方向’ 轉換器5 0之s輸出係被使用。 17 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 x 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝 訂---------r! 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 472464 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明（π) 第二匯流排5 2係被連接至一個平行至序列（ parallel-to-serial)轉換器5 6的平行輸入，該轉換器5 6 係將在第二匯流排5 2上所接收到的編碼字元轉換爲一個 序列位元串（serial bit string)。一個訊號線5 7係將該序 列位元串供應至一個調變電路5 8，該調變電路5 8係將 位元串轉換爲一個調變訊號。調變訊號係接著在一個線路 6 ◦上傳遞。調變電路5 8係爲用於將二進位資料轉換爲 一調變訊號而爲吾人所熟知之任何電路，例如是一個 Modula-2積算器。 爲了使編碼裝置之操作能夠同步化之目的，編碼裝置 係包括有一種慣用類型之時脈產生電路（clock generating circuit，其在圖示中並未顯示），用於產生時脈訊號來控 制例如是平行/序列轉換器5 8之時機以及緩衝記憶體5 4之裝入。 在操作中，轉換器5 0係接收分別來自於第一匯流排 5 1以及第三匯流排5 3之m位元資訊字元以及一個s位 元狀態字元。S位元狀態字元係指出在轉換表中用來轉換 m位元資訊字元的狀態。據此，根據m位元資訊字元的數 値，η位元編碼字元係從s位元狀態字元所識別之狀態中 的編碼字兀所決定。同樣地，與η位元編碼字元相關之狀 態方向係被決定。狀態方向，亦即其數値，係被轉換爲一 個s位元之進位字元；或者，狀態方向係被儲存在轉換表 中作爲s位元二進位字元。轉換器5 〇係將η位元編碼字 元輸出在第二匯流排5 2上，並且將s位元狀態方向輸入 18 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公ΐ ) ------------t--------訂·-------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 472464 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明（π ) 在第四匯流排5 5上。緩衝記憶體5 4係儲存s位元狀態 方向作爲一個狀態字元，並且將s位元狀態字元以一種與 轉換器5 0對下一個m位元資訊字元進行接收之同步方式 在第三匯流排5 3上供應至轉換器5 0 °這種同步係根據 上文中所討論之時脈訊號而以任何所熟知的方式所產生。 在第二匯流排5 2上的η位元編碼字元係藉由平行/ 序列轉換器5 6而被轉換爲序列資料’並且接著該序列資 料係藉由調變器5 8而被轉換爲一個調變訊號。 調變訊號係可以接著承受更進一步的處理以進行記錄 或傳送。 記錄裝置 第六圖係顯示一個用於記錄資訊之記錄裝置，其係包 括有根據本發明之編碼裝置124(如同在第三圖中所顯 示者）。如同在第六圖中所顯示者，m位元資訊係經由編 碼裝置1 2 4而被轉換爲一個調變訊號。由編碼裝置1 2 4所產生之調變訊號係被傳送至一個控制電路1 2 3。控 制電路1 2 3係可以爲用於相應於被應用至控制電路1 2 3之調變訊號以控制一個光學拾取或雷射二極體（optical pick-up or laser diode) 1 2 2之任何傳統控制電路，以使 得相應於調變訊號之標記圖樣（pattern of marks)係可以 被記錄在記錄媒體1 1 0上。 第七圖係經由示例來顯示一個根據本發明之記錄媒體 1 1 0。所顯示之記錄媒體1 1 〇係爲一個唯讀記億體（ ROM)類型之光學磁碟。然而，本發明之記錄媒體1 1 〇 19 --,"裝--------訂--------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規袼(210 X 297公釐） ' 472464 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 五、發明說明（α) 並未受限於一個唯讀記億體類型之光學磁碟，而可以是任 何類型之光學磁碟，例如是一個單次寫入、多次讀取（ write-once read-many; WORM)之光學磁碟、隨機存取記 憶體（rand〇m accessible memory; RAM)光學磁碟等等。 此外，記錄媒體1 1 0並未受限於一種光學磁碟，而可以 是任何類型之記錄媒體，例如是一個磁性磁碟、一個光磁 磁碟'一個記憶卡、磁帶等等。 如同在第七圖中所顯示者，根據本發明之一實施例的 g己錄媒體1 10係包括有被安排在軌道1 1 1上的資訊圖 樣（information patterns)。特別的情況是，第七圖係顯示 一個軌道1 1 1沿著該軌道1 1 1的一個方向1 1 4的放 大視圖。如同在圖示中所顯示者，該軌道1 1 1係包括有 凹陷區域（pit regions) 1 1 2以及非凹陷區域（non-pit regions) 1 1 3。—般來說，凹陷區域以及非凹陷區域1 1 2與1 1 3係代表調變訊號1 1 5之恆定訊號區域（在 編碼字元中的零），而在凹陷區域以及非凹陷區域之間的 過渡區域係代表在調變訊號1 1 5中的邏輯狀態過渡（在 編碼字元中的一）。 如同在上文中所討論者，記錄媒體1 1 〇係可以藉由 首先產生調變訊號並接著將該調變訊號記錄在記錄媒體1 1 0上所獲得。或者，如果記錄媒體1 1 0係爲一個光學 磁碟的話’記錄媒體110亦可以經由所熟知之原版唱片 製作（mastering)以及複製（repiica)技術所獲得。 20 本紐尺度細巾目國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 x 297公髮） ------ I --------訂---------广| (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 472464I I 472464 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 V. Description of the Invention (7) The device and receiving device will be described. Hereinafter, an additional encoding embodiment according to the present invention will be described. Encoding method: According to the m-bit information character system, it is converted into an n-bit encoding character, so that the m / n ratio is greater than 2/3. The coded characters are divided into a first type and a second type. The first type includes coded characters ending with 0, and the second type includes coded characters ending with 1. Therefore, the encoding characters of the first type are divided into two subgroups E00 and Eΐο, and the encoding characters of the second type are divided into two subgroups E01 and E11. The coded character subgroup E00 includes coded characters starting with,, 0〃, and ends with,, 0〃, and the coded character subgroup E01 includes starting with,, 0〃. And encoding characters ending with 〃, the encoding character subgroup E1O includes encoding characters starting with 〃 and ending with, 〇〃, and the encoding character subgroup E11 is Includes coded characters that start with ι〃 and end with 〃. The coded characters are also divided into at least one state of a first kind and at least one state of a second kind. The states of the first type include coded characters that start with only 0, and the states of the second type include coded characters that start with `` 0 '' or M〃. According to the first embodiment, in the first preferred embodiment of the present invention, a 9-bit information character is converted into a 13-bit coded character. The coded characters meet a (1, k) limit, and are divided into three states of the first type and two of the second type. 11 This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) ) ----------- I -------- Order --------- ^ · (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) 472464 A7 B7 Five , Invention description (?) Status (the total is five status). In order to reduce the k limit, the three encoding characters, that is, 0000000000000, 0000000000001 、,, 0000000000010000000 are barred from the encoding table. An enumeration of coded characters indicates that there are 231 coded characters in subgroup E00, 144 coded characters in subgroup E10, and subgroup E01. There are 143 encoding characters, and 89 encoding characters exist in the subgroup E11. To perform encoding, each 13-bit coded character in each state is associated with a coding state direction. The state direction indicates the next state, and from this state is used to select a coded character in the coding program. The state direction is assigned to the coded characters, so that the coded characters that are considered to be complete (ie, the coded characters in the subgroups E10 and E00) have a relevant state direction indicating any of the r = 5 states, The coded characters ending with " 1〃 (that is, the coded characters in the subgroups E01 and E11) have related state directions that indicate only a first type of state. This is to ensure that the d = l limit will be met; in other words, after encoding characters encoded with ,, 1〃, the next encoding character will start with ^^. In addition, as will be discussed in more detail below, although the same coded character system can be assigned to different information characters in the same state, different state systems cannot include the same coded character. In particular, the coded character systems in the subgroups E10 and E00 can be allocated 5 times to different information characters in a state, and the coded character systems in the subgroups E01 and ΕΠ can be allocated. 3 times to different information within a state 12 ^ Paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) -Installation ---- ---- Order ---------. ^ '' Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economy 472464 A7 V. Description of Invention (7) Yuan. Since there are 231 encoded characters in the subgroup E00 and 144 encoded characters in the subgroup E10, there are 1875 (5 * (23 1 + 144)) species, coded characters—combination of direction and direction. There are 143 encoded characters in the subgroup E01, and 89 encoded characters in the subgroup E11, so there are 696 (3 * (143 + 89) for the second type of encoded characters. ) Species, coded characters-state direction 〃 combination. Based on this, there are 1875 + 696 = 2571 types of codeword-state-direction〃 combinations. For m-bit information characters, there are a total of 2m possible information characters. Thus, for 9-bit information characters, there are 29 = 512 information characters. Because there are five states in this coding embodiment, 5 times of 512 = 2561, and a combination of coding characters and one state direction are required. And this department left 2571-2561 = 10 remaining combinations. The coded characters available in different word groups are assigned to the states of the first type and the second type in accordance with the above limitation. The second figure does not show an example of how the coded characters in different subgroups are assigned to different states in this embodiment. As shown in the second figure, in this example, states 1, 2, and 3 are states of the first kind, and states 4 and 5 are states of the second kind. A subgroup E00 of size 230 is used as an example. The subgroup E00 has 76 encoding characters in states 1, 2, and 3 respectively, plus one encoding in states 4 and 5. Characters. In addition, state 1 is used as an example. In state 1, the number of coded character-state direction 〃 combinations is 5 * 76 + 3 * 44 = 512, which means 13 bits of 9 bits. Paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) 4 ^ 4 -------- Order · ------ -. ^ 、. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 472464 A7 B7 V. Description of Invention (p) Information characters can be assigned. Remember that each coded character of the first type can be assigned to any one of five different states as a state direction, and therefore is used 5 times in a state; and each code of the second type Characters can only be assigned to one of the three different states of the first kind as a state direction due to the limitation of d = 1, and therefore are used 3 times in a state. It can be confirmed that, as shown in the second figure, from any encoding state of r = 5, at least 512 information characters can be allocated to the encoding characters, and this is sufficient for 9-bit information characters. In the manner described above, any arbitrary series of 9-bit information characters can be uniquely converted into a series of encoded characters. Figures 4A through 4B show a complete conversion table for converting a 9-bit information character into a 13-bit coded character according to this embodiment. Included in the conversion tables of the fourth A to fourth images are the state directions assigned to each coded character. In particular, in the fourth to fourth images, the first column shows the decimal point of the information characters in the second column. The third, fifth, seventh, ninth, and [^ columns show coded characters assigned to the information characters in states 1, 2, 3 '4, and 5, respectively ( Also known in the art as channel bits. The fourth, sixth, eighth, tenth, and twelfth columns are displayed by the individual numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Status directions of the related coded characters in the seventh column, the ninth column, and the eleventh column. A series of information characters will be converted into a series of coded characters with reference to 14 paper sizes. Applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm). (Please read the note on the back? Matters before filling out this page. ) -Installation -------- Order --------- Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 472464 Five Consumption Cooperation by the Employees of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Du A7 B7 —____________ —— — —— * ......, the fifth figure of the description of the invention (II) to explain it further. The first column of the fifth figure shows a series of 9-digit information characters from top to bottom, and the second column shows the decimal number 这些 of these information characters in parentheses. The third column, "Status" is the encoding status to be used for the conversion of information characters. The "state" is laid down when the previous coded character is transmitted (that is, the state direction of the first coded character). The fourth column ', the code word Wuxi includes the code characters assigned to the information characters according to the conversion table of the fourth A to the fourth chart. The fifth column and the next state are the state directions related to the coded characters in the fourth column, and they are also determined according to the conversion tables of the fourth to fourth figures. From the first character of the series of information characters shown in the first column of the fifth figure, there is one, 1, 1 zigzag number in the decimal point. Let us assume that the coding state is state 1 (S1) when the 1-character conversion of the series of information is initiated. Therefore, the first character is converted into a coded character, 0000000000100〃 according to the state of one set of coded characters from the conversion table. At the same time, the next state becomes state 2 (S2), because the state direction assigned to the code word 0000000000100〃 representing the decimal point 値 1 in state 1 is state 2. This means that the next information character (decimal points 値, 3〃) will be converted using the coded characters in state 2. Therefore, an information character system with decimal points 値,, 3 〃 is converted into a coded character, 0001010001010〃. Similar to the method described above, information characters with decimal points 値 " 5〃, '12 〃, and 19 9 are converted. Decoding method 15 This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (C & S) A4 specification (210 x 297 mm) ----------- * -installation -------- order --- ------ ^ 1 (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) 472464 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (θ) In the following, it was received from a recording medium The decoding of the n-bit coded characters (in this embodiment, 13-bit characters) will be explained further with reference to the fourth a to fourth drawings. For the purpose of illustration, it is assumed that the number of characters of a series of consecutively coded characters received from, for example, a recording medium location is `` 0000000000100 '', `` ΟΟΟΙΟΙΟΟΟΗΗΟ, '' and `` 0101001001001 ''. From the conversion table of the fourth graph A to the fourth n graph, it is found that the first coded characters `` 0000000000100 '' are respectively allocated to the information characters' M, 2, 2 ,, 3, and ,, 4〃, and state directions 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. The next coded character 値 is '' 0001010001010 '' and belongs to the set of coded characters in state 2. This means that the first coded character "0000000000100" has a state direction of 2. The first coded character `` 0000000000100 '' with a state direction of 2 represents an information character with a decimal point 値 \ '1〃. Therefore, it is determined that the first code word represents the information character with a decimal point 値, 1〃, 000000001〃. Furthermore, the third coded character, '0101001001001' is not a member of state 4. Therefore, what is determined in the same manner as above is that the second coded character 1001010001010 (〃) represents an information character having a decimal point 値. In the same way, other coded character systems can be decoded. It must be noted that both the current coded character and the next coded character are observed to decode the current coded character into a unique information character. The third figure shows a 16 L paper size of a coding device 1 2 4 according to the present invention, applicable to the Zhongguanjia Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21G X 297 male 5 a ---------- --------- Order --------- ^ '(Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) 472464 A7 B7 V. Description of the Invention (G) Examples. Encoding The device 1 2 4 converts m-bit information characters into n-bit coded characters, where the numbers of different encoding states r are represented by one bit. For example, when the number of decoding states r = 5 , S is equal to 3. As shown in the figure, the encoding device 1 2 4 series includes a converter 50 for converting (m + s) binary input signal to (n + s) binary. Output signal. In a preferred embodiment, the converter 50 includes a read-only memory (ROM). The read-only memory system stores a conversion table according to at least one embodiment of the present invention. And an address circuit for finding the address of the conversion table based on the m + s binary input signal. However, if a read-only memory is not used, the converter 50 may be It comprises a combined logic circuit which produces the same result as a conversion table according to at least one embodiment of the invention. From the input of the converter 50, the m input is connected to a first bus 5 1, for receiving m-bit information characters. From the output of the converter 50, the η output is connected to a second bus 5 2 for transmitting η-bit coded characters. Furthermore, the s input is Connected to an s-bit third bus 5 3 for receiving a status character indicating the status of the instantaneous encoding. The status character is transmitted through a buffer memory 5 4 which is It includes, for example, flip-flops. The buffer memory 5 4 series has an S input connected to a fourth bus for receiving a state to be loaded into the buffer memory 5 4 as a state. Character's state direction. In order to transfer the state direction loaded in buffer memory 5 4 's output of converter 5 0 is used. 17 This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 x 297 cm) Li) (Please read the note on the back first Please fill in this page again) Binding --------- r! Printed by the Employees 'Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 472464 Printed by the Employees' Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of Invention (π) Second The bus 5 2 series is connected to a parallel input of a parallel-to-serial converter 5 6, which converts the encoded characters received on the second bus 5 2 Is a serial bit string. A signal line 57 supplies the serial bit string to a modulation circuit 58, which converts the bit string into a modulation signal. The modulation signal is then passed on a line 6 ◦. Modulation circuit 58 is any circuit known to me for converting binary data into a modulation signal, such as a Modula-2 integrator. In order to synchronize the operation of the encoding device, the encoding device includes a conventional type of clock generating circuit (which is not shown in the figure) for generating a clock signal to control, for example, Timing of parallel / serial converter 5 8 and loading of buffer memory 5 4. In operation, the converter 50 receives m-bit information characters and an s-bit status character from the first bus 51 and the third bus 53 respectively. The S-bit status character indicates the status of the m-bit information characters used in the conversion table. Accordingly, based on the number of m-bit information characters, the n-bit coded character is determined from the coded characters in the state identified by the s-bit status character. Similarly, the state direction associated with the n-bit coded character is determined. The state direction, that is, its number, is converted into a s-bit carry character; or, the state direction is stored in a conversion table as an s-bit binary character. The converter 5 〇 outputs the η-bit coded characters on the second bus 5 2, and inputs the s-bit status direction into 18 This paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) ------------ t -------- Order · -------- (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) 472464 Intellectual Property Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by employee consumer cooperative A7 B7 V. Invention description (π) is on the fourth bus 5 5. The buffer memory 5 4 stores the s-bit status direction as a status character, and the s-bit status character is synchronized with the converter 50 to receive the next m-bit information character in the third mode. The synchronisation supplied to the bus 50 ° to the converter 50 ° is generated in any well-known manner based on the clock signals discussed above. The n-bit coded characters on the second bus 5 2 are converted into sequence data by a parallel / sequence converter 56, and then the sequence data is converted into a sequence data by a modulator 58. Modulate the signal. Modulation signals can then be subjected to further processing for recording or transmission. Recording device The sixth figure shows a recording device for recording information, which includes an encoding device 124 according to the present invention (as shown in the third figure). As shown in the sixth figure, the m-bit information is converted into a modulation signal via the encoding device 1 2 4. The modulation signal generated by the encoding device 1 2 4 is transmitted to a control circuit 1 2 3. The control circuit 1 2 3 may be any conventional circuit for controlling an optical pick-up or laser diode 1 2 2 according to a modulation signal applied to the control circuit 1 2 3. The control circuit is configured so that a pattern of marks corresponding to the modulation signal can be recorded on the recording medium 110. The seventh figure shows an example of a recording medium 1 1 0 according to the present invention. The recording medium 1 10 shown is an optical disk of ROM type. However, the recording medium of the present invention 1 1 〇19-, " installed -------- order --------- (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Standards are applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 Regulations (210 X 297 mm) '472464 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 V. Invention Description (α) is not limited to a read-only record type It can be any type of optical disk, such as a write-once read-many (WORM) optical disk, random access memory (rand). m accessible memory; RAM) optical disk and so on. In addition, the recording medium 110 is not limited to an optical disk, but may be any type of recording medium, such as a magnetic disk, a magneto-optical disk, a memory card, a magnetic tape, and the like. As shown in the seventh figure, the g-recorded medium 1 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes information patterns arranged on the track 1 1 1. In particular, the seventh diagram shows an enlarged view of a track 1 1 1 along a direction 1 1 4 of the track 1 1 1. As shown in the figure, the track 1 1 1 includes pit regions 1 1 2 and non-pit regions 1 1 3. -In general, the recessed area and the non-recessed area 1 1 2 and 1 1 3 represent the constant signal area (zero in the coded character) of the modulation signal 1 15 and between the recessed area and the non-recessed area The transition area represents the logical state transition (one of the coded characters) in the modulation signal 1 1 5. As discussed above, the recording medium 1 10 can be obtained by first generating a modulation signal and then recording the modulation signal on the recording medium 1 10. Alternatively, if the recording medium 110 is an optical disk, the 'recording medium 110 can also be obtained through well-known mastering and repiica techniques. 20 National Standard (CNS) A4 size of this New Zealand standard fine towels (210 x 297 public hair) ------ I -------- Order --------- Canton | (Please (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) 472464
經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明（β) 第八圖係顯示出傳送資訊之傳送裝置，其係包括有根 _本發明之編碼裝置124(如同在第三圖中所顯示者） 。如同在第八圖中所顯示者，m位元資訊字元係經由編碼 裝* 1 2 4而被轉換爲一個調變訊號。一個傳送器1 5 0 係接著更進一步地處理調變訊號，用以將調變訊號轉換爲 〜種根據該傳送器所屬之通訊系統來進行傳送的形式，並 且將已轉換的調變訊號在傳送媒體（例如是空氣或是空間 、光纖、纜線、一個傳導器等等）上進行傳送。 解碼裝置 第九圖係說明了一個根據本發明之解碼器。解碼器係 執行第三圖轉換器之反向程序，並且將本發明之本發明之 n位元編碼字元轉換爲m位元資訊字元。如同在圖示中所 顯示者，解碼器1 〇 〇係包括有一個第一查詢表（l〇〇k-up table; LUT) 1 〇 2以及一個第二查詢表1 0 4。第一查詢 表1 0 2以及第二查詢表1 0 4儲存用於產生將被解碼之 η位元編碼字元的轉換表。其中K係指時間，第一查詢表 1 0 2係接收第Κ+1個η位元編碼字元，並且第二查詢表 1 0 4係接收第一查詢表1 0 2之輸出以及第κ個η位元 編碼字元。據此，解碼器1 〇 〇係如同一個滑動資料塊解 碼器（sliding block decoder)般操作。在每一個資料塊時 間（block time)瞬間，解碼器1 〇 〇係將一個η位元編碼 字元解碼爲一個m位元資訊字元，並且繼續進行在序列資 料（亦被指爲信道位元串（channel bit stream))中的下 一個η位元編碼字元。 21 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） ----------- 1 · -------^ ---------'"> (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 472464 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明（Μ ) 在操作中，第一查詢表1 0 2係從所儲存之轉換表來 決定第κ+ι個編碼字元的狀態，並且將該狀態輸出至第二 查詢表1 0 4。如此，第一查詢表1 0 2之輸出係爲一個 在1，2，...，r之範圍中的二進位數字，其中r係表示在轉換 表中狀態的數目。第二查詢表104係使用所儲存之轉換表 而從第K個編碼字元決定與第K個編碼字元相關的可能m 位元資訊字元，並接著使用來自於第一查詢表102與被儲 存之轉換表的狀態資訊，來決定藉由η位元編碼字元所表 示之可能m位元資訊字元中的特定一個。 爲了僅用於更進一步解釋之目的，假設η位元編碼字 元係爲使用第四Α圖至第四Η圖之轉換表所產生之13位元 編碼字元。接著，參照第五圖，如果第Κ+1個13位元編 碼字元係爲''ΟΟΟΙΟΙΟΟΟΙΟΗΤ，則第一查詢表1 0 2係決 定狀態爲狀態2。此外，如果第K個13位元編碼字元係 爲'\〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇1〇〇〃 ，則第二查詢表1 〇 4所決定的是第 K個13位元編碼字元係代表具有小數點數値爲0、1、2、 3、或是4之9位元資訊字元中的一個。並且，因爲狀態2 的下一個狀態或是狀態方向係藉由第一查詢表1 0 2所供 應，該第二查詢表1 0 4所決定的是第κ個13位元編碼 資訊係代表具有小數點數値爲1的9位元資訊字元，此係 因爲與一個狀態方向2相關的13位元編碼字元 〇〇〇〇〇()〇〇〇〇100〃係代表具有小數點數値爲1之9位元資訊 字元之故。 重製裝置 22 ^本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規袼（210 X 297公釐）~"" (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ---1 訂-------- 姨/ 472464 — 一 A7 B7 五、發明說明（勹） 第十圖係說明了一個重製裝置，其係包括有根據本發 明之解碼器1 〇 〇 (如同在第九圖中所顯示者）。如同在 圖示中所顯示者，讀取裝置係包括有一個用於讀取根據本 發明之記錄媒體1 1 0的傳統類型光學拾取裝置1 2 2。 記錄媒體1 1 〇係可以爲任何類型之記錄媒體，如同在上 文中所討論者。光學拾取裝置1 2 2係產生一個根據在記 錄媒體1 1 0上之資訊圖樣所調變之類比讀取訊號。一個 偵沏1電路1 2 5係以一種傳統方式而將此一讀取訊號轉換 爲一種具有能夠爲解碼器1〇〇所接受之形式的二進位訊 號。解碼器1 〇 〇係對該二進位訊號進行解碼，用以獲得 m位元資訊字元。Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. Description of the Invention (β) The eighth picture shows a transmission device for transmitting information, which includes the encoding device 124 of the present invention (as shown in the third picture). By) . As shown in the eighth figure, the m-bit information character is converted into a modulation signal by encoding * 1 2 4. A transmitter 1 50 then further processes the modulation signal to convert the modulation signal into a form for transmission according to the communication system to which the transmitter belongs, and transmits the converted modulation signal during transmission. Media (such as air or space, fiber, cable, a conductor, etc.). Decoding device The ninth figure illustrates a decoder according to the present invention. The decoder executes the reverse procedure of the third map converter and converts the n-bit coded characters of the present invention into m-bit information characters. As shown in the figure, the decoder 100 includes a first look-up table (LUT) 1 02 and a second look-up table 104. The first lookup table 102 and the second lookup table 104 store conversion tables for generating n-bit coded characters to be decoded. Where K refers to time, the first lookup table 102 receives the K + 1th η-bit coded character, and the second lookup table 104 receives the output of the first lookup table 102 and the κth n-bit coded characters. Accordingly, the decoder 100 operates as a sliding block decoder. At each block time instant, the decoder 100 decodes an n-bit coded character into an m-bit information character, and proceeds with the sequence data (also referred to as the channel bit). The next n-bit coded character in a channel bit stream). 21 This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) ----------- 1 · ------- ^ --------- '" > (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) 472464 A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (M) In operation, the first inquiry form 1 0 2 is The state of the κ + ι coded character is determined from the stored conversion table, and the state is output to the second lookup table 104. Thus, the output of the first lookup table 102 is a binary number in the range of 1, 2, ..., r, where r is the number of states in the conversion table. The second lookup table 104 uses the stored conversion table to determine possible m-bit information characters related to the Kth coded character from the Kth coded character, and then uses the information from the first lookup table 102 and the The stored state information of the conversion table determines a specific one of the possible m-bit information characters represented by the n-bit coded characters. For the purpose of further explanation only, it is assumed that the n-bit coded characters are 13-bit coded characters generated using the conversion tables of the fourth A picture to the fourth picture. Next, referring to the fifth figure, if the K + 1 th 13-bit encoding word system is `` ΟΟΟΙΟΙΟΟΙΙΙΟΤΤ, the first lookup table 102 is determined to be the state 2. In addition, if the K-th 13-bit coded character is' \ 00〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〃, then the second lookup table 1 04 determines the K-th 13-bit code The character represents one of the 9-bit information characters having a decimal point of 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. And, because the next state or state direction of state 2 is supplied by the first lookup table 102, the second lookup table 104 determines that the k-th 13-bit encoding information represents a decimal A 9-bit information character with a point number of 1 is a 13-bit coded character associated with a state direction of 2 (the number of decimal points) is The reason for the 1-9-bit information character. Remanufacturing device 22 ^ This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) ~ " " (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) --- 1 Order- ------ Aunt / 472464 — A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (勹) The tenth figure illustrates a reproduction device, which includes a decoder 100 according to the present invention (as in the ninth figure). As shown in). As shown in the figure, the reading device includes a conventional type optical pickup device 1 2 2 for reading a recording medium 1 1 0 according to the present invention. The recording medium 1 10 may be any type of recording medium, as discussed in the foregoing. The optical pickup device 1 2 2 generates an analog read signal modulated based on the information pattern on the recording medium 1 10. A detection circuit 1 2 5 converts this read signal into a binary signal in a conventional manner in a form acceptable to the decoder 100. The decoder 100 decodes the binary signal to obtain m-bit information characters.
第十〜圖係說明了一個接收裝置，其係包括有根據本 發明之解碼器1 0 0，如同在第九圖中所顯示者。如同在 圖示中所顯示者，接收裝置係包括有一個接收器1 6 〇， 用於接收〜個在一媒體上所傳送之訊號，該媒體係例如是 空氣（或是空間）、光纖、纜線、—個傳導器等等。接收 器1 6 Q係將所接收之訊號轉換爲一個能夠爲解碼器1 〇 0所接收之二進位訊號形式。解碼器1 〇 〇係對二進位訊 號進行解碼，用以獲得m位元資訊字元。 二實施例之編碼方法 第十二圖以及第十三A圖至第十三C圖係說明了本發 明的另一個實施例。根據此一實施例，大於2/3之比率係 藉由將9位兀資訊字兀轉換爲13位元編碼位元而被達成； 23 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） ------------ --------訂---------^ (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 472464 绶濟邨智慧財產场員工消費合作f-i印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明（7"° ) 其中，編碼狀態r之數字等於13，並且編碼狀態中的8個 係爲第一種類之編碼狀態，編碼狀態中的5個係爲第二種 類之編碼狀態。同樣地，編碼字元係滿足一個（l，k)限制。 第十二圖係相應於第一實施例之第二圖，並且係說明了在 此第二實施例之狀態中之編碼字元的劃分。 如上所述，以爲結束之編碼字元（亦即在子群組 E00與E10中的編碼字元）係被允許進入任一個r=13的狀 態，而以''π爲結束之編碼字元（亦即在子群組E01與 Ε11中的編碼字元）係僅能夠進入第一種類之狀態（狀態 1至狀態8 )。 因此，在子群組Ε00與Ε10中的編碼字元係可以被分 配13次至不同的資訊字元，而在子群組Ε01與Ε11中的 編碼字元係可以被分配8次至不同的資訊字元。參照第十 二圖，子群組Ε00係具有24個在狀態1中的編碼字元’ 並且子群組Ε01係具有25個在狀態1中的編碼字元。如 此，、、編碼字元-狀態方向〃組合之數目係爲 (13*24)+(8*25)=512，其所意指的是9位元資訊字元係可 以被分配。其係可以確認的是從任何一個編碼狀態中 ，至少有512個資訊字元可以被分配至編碼字元，而此係 足以適用於9位元資訊字元。 第十三A圖至第十三C圖係以相同於第四A圖至第四 Η圖說明第一實施例之轉換表的方式’說明了第二實施例 之轉換表的起始、中間、以及結束部份。 根據第三實施例之編碼方法 24 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） .^--------訂---------#- ' (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 472464 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明（y| ) 第十四圖以及第十五A圖至第十五C圖係說明了本發 明的另一個實施例。根據此一實施例，大於2/3之比率係 藉由將11位元資訊字元轉換爲16位元編碼位元而被達成 :其中，編碼狀態r之數字等於13，並且編碼狀態中的8 個係爲第一種類之編碼狀態，編碼狀態中的5個係爲第二 種類之編碼狀態。同樣地，編碼字元係滿足一個（l，k)限制 。第十四圖係相應於第一實施例之第二圖，並且係說明了 在此第三實施例之狀態中之編碼字元的劃分。其係可以確 認的是從任何一個r=13編碼狀態中，至少有2048個資訊 字元可以被分配至編碼字元，而此係足以適用於11位元資 訊字元。 第十五A圖至第十五C圖係以相同於第四A圖至第四 Η圖說明第一實施例之轉換表的方式，說明了第三實施例 之轉換表的起始、中間、以及結束部份。 根據第四實施例之編碼方法 第十六圖以及第十七Α圖至第十七C圖係說明了本發 明的另一個實施例。根據此一實施例，大於2/3之比率係 藉由將13位元資訊字元轉換爲19位元編碼位元而被達成 :其中，編碼狀態r之數字等於5，並且編碼狀態中的3 個係爲第一種類之編碼狀態，編碼狀態中的2個係爲第二 種類之編碼狀態。同樣地，編碼字元係滿足一個（l，k)限制 。第十六圖係相應於第一實施例之第二圖，並且係說明了 在此第四實施例之狀態中之編碼字元的劃分。其係可以確 認的是從任何一個r=5編碼狀態中，至少有8192個資訊字 25 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝— 訂------- 姨 472464 A7 ---—__ei 五、發明說明（) 元可以被分配至編碼字元’而此係足以適用於13位元資訊 字元。 第十七A圖至第十七C圖係以相同於第四a圖至第四 Η圖說明第一實施例之轉換表的方式，說明了第四實施例 之轉換表的起始、中間、以及結束部份。 本發明係已特別參照其較佳實施例來加以描述，但將 了解的是’變化樣式以及修正係可以在本發明之精神與範 圍內所實現。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) --------訂·--------梦 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 26 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐）Figures 10 through 10 illustrate a receiving device including a decoder 100 according to the present invention, as shown in the ninth figure. As shown in the figure, the receiving device includes a receiver 160 for receiving ~ a signal transmitted on a medium such as air (or space), optical fiber, cable Wire, a conductor, and so on. The receiver 16 Q converts the received signal into a binary signal form that can be received by the decoder 1000. The decoder 100 decodes a binary signal to obtain an m-bit information character. Coding Method of the Second Embodiment Figures 12 and 13 to 13A to 13C illustrate another embodiment of the present invention. According to this embodiment, a ratio greater than 2/3 is achieved by converting a 9-bit information word into a 13-bit coded bit; 23 This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) ------------ -------- Order --------- ^ (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Ministry of Economy Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumer cooperative 472464 Printed by the Jiji Village Intellectual Property Field employee consumer cooperation fi printed A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (7 " °) where the number of the coding state r is equal to 13, and 8 of the coding states It is the coding state of the first kind, and 5 of the coding states are the coding states of the second kind. Similarly, the coded character system satisfies a (l, k) constraint. The twelfth figure corresponds to the second figure of the first embodiment, and illustrates the division of coded characters in the state of this second embodiment. As mentioned above, the coded characters (that is, the coded characters in the subgroups E00 and E10) are allowed to enter any state of r = 13, and the coded characters ending with "π ( That is, the encoding characters in the subgroups E01 and E11) can only enter the first state (state 1 to state 8). Therefore, the coded character system in the subgroups E00 and E10 can be assigned 13 times to different information characters, and the coded character system in the subgroups E01 and E11 can be assigned 8 times to different information. Characters. Referring to the twelfth figure, the subgroup E00 has 24 coded characters in the state 1 and the subgroup E01 has 25 coded characters in the state 1. In this way, the number of the combination of coding characters-state direction 〃 is (13 * 24) + (8 * 25) = 512, which means that 9-bit information characters can be allocated. It can be confirmed that from any one encoding state, at least 512 information characters can be allocated to the encoding characters, and this system is sufficient for 9-bit information characters. Figures 13A to 13C illustrate the conversion table of the first embodiment in the same manner as Figures 4A to 4A, illustrating the start, middle, and end of the conversion table of the second embodiment. And the end. Coding method according to the third embodiment 24 This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm). ^ -------- Order --------- #- '(Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) 472464 A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (y |) Figure 14 and Figure 15A to 15C The drawing illustrates another embodiment of the present invention. According to this embodiment, a ratio greater than 2/3 is achieved by converting an 11-bit information character into a 16-bit encoding bit: where the number of the encoding state r is equal to 13, and 8 in the encoding state Each is a coding state of the first type, and five of the coding states are a coding state of the second type. Similarly, the coded characters satisfy a (l, k) constraint. The fourteenth figure corresponds to the second figure of the first embodiment, and illustrates the division of coded characters in the state of this third embodiment. It can be confirmed that at least 2048 information characters can be allocated to the coded characters from any r = 13 coded state, and this is sufficient for 11-bit information characters. Figs. 15A to 15C are the same as those used to describe the conversion table of the first embodiment in the same manner as Figs. 4A to 4C, and illustrate the start, middle, and And the end. Coding Method According to the Fourth Embodiment Figures 16 and 17A to 17C illustrate another embodiment of the present invention. According to this embodiment, a ratio greater than 2/3 is achieved by converting 13-bit information characters into 19-bit encoding bits: where the number of the encoding state r is equal to 5 and 3 in the encoding state Each is a coding state of the first type, and two of the coding states are a coding state of the second type. Similarly, the coded characters satisfy a (l, k) constraint. The sixteenth figure corresponds to the second figure of the first embodiment, and illustrates the division of coded characters in the state of this fourth embodiment. It can be confirmed that there are at least 8192 information words from any r = 5 coded state. 25 This paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm. (Fill in this page) Binding — Order ------- Aunt 472464 A7 ----- __ei V. Description of the invention () yuan can be assigned to the encoding character ', and this is sufficient for 13-bit information characters. Figures 17A to 17C illustrate the conversion table of the first embodiment in the same manner as Figures 4a to 4a, and illustrate the start, middle, and end of the conversion table of the fourth embodiment. And the ending part. The present invention has been described with particular reference to its preferred embodiments, but it will be understood that 'variation patterns and corrections can be implemented within the spirit and scope of the present invention. (Please read the note on the back first Please fill in this page for matters) -------- Order · -------- Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 26 This paper standard applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 Specification (210 X 297 mm)