經濟部中央標準局員工消费合作社印製 A7 _ B7 五、發明説明（1 ) 相關申請案 本案爲1996年4月30日所提出美國專利申請案 08/640262號「風管電纜」之接續申請案。 發明範疇 本發明係關於通訊電纜，適用於建築結構中的風管、 立管和其他用途。本發明尤指高頻通訊電纜用的改良構 造，可符合嚴格的燃燒要件，在實質上較高溫度操作中， 比前案技藝的電纜呈現電氣安定性。 發明背景 電腦、資料裝置和警報系統等所用路線電訊電纜等， 通常是通過建築構造內的風管。若含有風管或立管的建築 失火，則阻火的風管構造會使火很快分佈於整個建築。火 會沿風管內所裝電纜延燒，源自風管的煙會輸送到建築的 鄰區。 非風管級的電纜護套系統包容絕緣銅導體芯部，且只 包括習用塑膠夾套者，不能展現堪用的火燒散佈和發煙性 能。該項電纜因火而提高溫度時，夾套材料會發生燒焦。 若夾套破裂，夾套內部和絕緣會暴露於升高的溫度。會發 生可燃氣體，傳播火焰和發煙。 一般而言，國家電氣規範要求風管能功率有限的電 纜，需包容在金屬管道內。由於風管輔設管道等涉及的材 料成本和勞力，顯然構造的成本高昂。然而，國家電氣規 範容許某些例外要求，只要風管所用電纜經UL等獨立試 驗實驗室試驗核准，具有適當的低火焰傳佈和發煙特性即 一 1 — 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） ------1---；--------；---irl-——r---^ , (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（2 ) 可。電纜的火焰傳佈和發煙特性，係按UL-910風管燃燒分 析規格測量。 風管電纜除事關可燃性和發煙外，對電纜所刻意攜帶 信號，當然必須具有適當的電氣特性。電纜有各種類別， 諸如3類、4類、5類等，號碼愈多表示增進或較高頻率的 電氣傳输能力。例如5類需要極佳的電氣參變數，包含衰 減、結構報酬損失，以及頻率在100MHz以下的串音值低。 可惜一般具有可燃性和發煙必要抵抗性的電纜材料，也會 造成電纜的電氣參變數不適於較高傳輸率，諸如5類電纜。 尤其是以5類所要電纜而言，電纜芯部除通過UL-910風管 燃燒試驗外，還必須通過UL-444規格所提供的物理性能試 驗，並符合諸如電子工業協會規格TIA/ETA-568A提供的電 氣要件。 目前，符合此等要件可得之電纜構造，其組態是包含 氟化乙烯丙烯（FEP)爲絕緣，並有低煙聚氯乙烯（PVC)夾 套。此種電纜構造符合1〇〇 MHz頻率的操作要件，並已證 明此種電纜構造適於在155百萬位元或150 MHz操作。可 惜FEP有時供不應求。賦予FEP廠家的生產能力，目前生 產FEP只夠構造高揭電纜類所需材料容量的大約50 %需要 量。雖然預計FEP供應會繼續增加，顯然FEP供應量還不 能應付風管電纜所用材料的需要市場，預計到1999年每年 會大約增加25 %，尤其是歐洲和斯堪底納維亞市場對風管 電纜的需要。 目前立管電纜利用海綿/表皮絕緣。絕緣材料構造爲 一 2 — 本紙成尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐) 一 -----1,---τ-------；---ΪΤ—.-----坡- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標隼局員工消費合作社印製 A7 — B7 五、發明説明（3 ) 發泡的高密度聚乙烯和PVC表皮複合物。此等絕緣芯部的 夾套和遮護電纜，符合3類電氣和CMP燃燒要件。然而， 由於極端電氣參變數的必要，即衰減、結構報酬損失，和 串音值達1〇〇 MHz，很難開發5類。此外，此芯部必須通 過在40 和60 °C的提升溫度衰減要求。有PVC外皮的上 述絕緣複合物不能通過提升溫度衰減要求，因爲PVC的介 電常數隨溫度遞升。 發明之目的和概要 本發明之目的，在於提供一種電纜構造，適於高頻電 氣應用，同時可以抵抗燃燒。 本發明次一目的，在於提供一種電纜設計，符合5類 或更高的電氣參變數，包括提升溫度的衰減要求，同時滿 足風管電纜的燃燒等級標準。 本發明另一目的，在於提供一種電纜構造，符合電氣 和燃燒等級要求，另外符合各種物理要求，例如風管電纜 所需的冷彎、室溫和老化抗拉強度、伸長率等。 本發明又一目的，在於符合提供上述要求之電纜構 造，不利用FEP，且適於在155百萬位元或150 MHz以下 操作。 本發明又一目的，在於提供一種電纜構造，有外夾套 構造，相對於目前可得通風電纜的溫度要求，顯示在實質 上高溫的電氣安定特性。 簡言之，按照本發明一具體例，立管和風管等級的電 纜構造，包括複數加撚線對 '，利用聚烯烴主要絕緣材料， —3 — 本紙張尺i適用中國國家標率（CNS ) Λ4規格（210X297公釐） ； ；iTl-----^ I (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 _B7 五、發明説明（4 ) 以及單一外夾套，供熱塑性鹵化聚合物形成的電纜構造之 用。爲改進電纜的電氣特性，外夾套爲發泡構造。 圖示簡單說明 本發明由參見附圖之詳述和申請專利範圍，即可更爲 完全明瞭，其中同樣參照號碼指諸圖中的相似元件。例如： 圖1爲本發明電纜構造的立面圖，一部份外夾套破開 以利圓示； 圖2爲本發明電纜構造的斷面圓，有複數電纜芯部以 複合物封閉在外夾套內； 圖3爲圖2所示電纜的加撚線對中導體之一的斷面 圓0 較佳具體例之詳細說明 須知有低煙PVC夾套的FEP絕緣符合5類電氣要件， 以及風管級電纜可應用的物理和燃燒性能。雖然5類和較 高級電纜的電氣和物理性能要求可配合其他塑膠，諸如聚 烯烴或改質聚烯烴，但不符UL-910等風管燃燒要求，因爲 聚烯烴輕易燃燒。如果聚烯烴材料經制煙和耐燃，則防火 所必要的成份即可從聚烯烴材料必要的電氣值減少，亦可 能减少材料所致的物理性能。 CMP或通風燃燒試驗嚴格，試驗是在關閉的水平固定 具或隧道內進行，點火源爲300,000 BTU /小時甲烷火 焰，有高度通量，抽風240呎/分鐘，試驗持續20分鐘， 電纜在隧道內並列延伸12吋寬，25呎長的金屬線網架。 爲通過此試驗，在初期4.5呎火源後，火焰分佈不超過5.0 —4 — 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -------；----------IJT—.-----it- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（5 ) 呎；發煙不能超過高峰光學密度0.5(33 %透光）；平均光學 密度必須不超過0.15 (70%透光）。此光學煙密度參變數之 目的，可使陷入火中的人員有能力看到出口標識，以及目 視辨認逃生路線或工具。 圖1表示本發明較佳具體例之電纜構造立面圓，提供 一種電纜符合不用FEP的風管級電纜之5類電氣要求，以 及可用的燃燒和發煙要求，還有物理性能要求。茲參見圄 1 ，所示電纜5具有四對加撚的傳輸媒質，稱爲撚對，以 6,7,8,9表示，形成一般所謂電纜芯部。按照本發明此具體 例，加撚對6-9具有聚烯烴主要絕緣，即使輕易燃燒，仍 具有良好電氣特性。在本發明特定具體例中，使用海綿/ 外皮高密度聚乙烯（HDPE)做爲主要絕緣，具有高頻電纜應 用上必要的電氣特性。 爲具有所需的抗燃性，本發明電纜構造具有外夾套 11，呈現高度抗燃性，已發現熱塑性鹵化聚合物爲適用材 料，尤其是熱塑性碳氟化合物聚合物。在本發明特定具體 例中，發現聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF)相當適於提供充分耐火和 抗燃性，以符應用標準。 純由聚烯烴絕緣的加撚對爲芯部，與習知壓出的熱塑 性碳氟化合物聚合物（諸如PVDF)爲夾套構成的電纜構 造，符合可應用的燃燒標準，但不符電纜用的髙頻電氣標 準，具體而言，習知製成的碳氟化合物聚合物夾套及其接 近加撚對，在最適電氣特性以下，會降解電纜的電氣特性。 按照本發明，單一發泡PVDF的外夾套Η可用於電纜 一 5 一 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本育) 訂 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 _B7_ 五、發明説明（6 ) 5，在電纜芯部和PVDF外夾套11之間無任何中間材料。 PVDF外夾套11的特殊海綿構造，適於增進PVDF材料的 電氣特性，在實質上固體或非發泡狀態，典型上顯示極劣 的介電常數和散熱因素。 雖然圖1未示，電纜5可包含遮蔽，位於外夾套11內。 該遮蔽宜實質包圍電纜芯部，其形態在於增進電纜芯部的 電氣效能。例如，遮蔽可構成保護電纜芯部，不受到外來 的RF或電磁場和信號。遮蔽可由金屬箔形成，例如鋁箔或 銅箔，並可按照任何數的習知方法構成。此遮蔽爲專家所 知，不需詳述。 參見圓2，表示本發明的電纜10構造，適用於建築風 管等，即室內/室外級電纜，其中有複數電纜芯部包容在 發泡PVDF的單一外夾套內。圓2所示電纜10包括一或以 上包袠電纜20，各含有芯部22。芯部22可適用於資料、 電腦、警報，和其他信號網路及通訊。芯部22爲傳輸媒質， 如圖2所示，包括一或以上加撚線對，如圖2的24,26,28,30 所示。風管所用電纜可含25或以上的導體對，雖則有些電 纜含少到六、四、二對，甚至圚1所示單一導體對。在圖2 所示具體例中，各芯部22包括4對加撚導體對，如圓2的 24,26,28,30 所示0 如圓2所示，各電纜20最好利用發泡的PVDF內夾套 23。內夾套23可構成詳後所述。凡精於此道之士均知內夾 套23並非本發明的要件，可電纜10可以採用精於此道之 士所知的任何適當包袠元件。此外，利用做內夾套23的特 i ~ 6 " 本紙張尺度適用中國國家操準（CNS ) A4規格（21 OX297公釐） ' (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)Printed by A7 _ B7 of the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the Invention (1) Related Application This application is a continuation application of US Patent Application No. 08/640262, filed on April 30, 1996. . Scope of the invention The present invention relates to communication cables and is suitable for use in ducts, risers and other uses in building structures. The present invention particularly relates to an improved structure for a high-frequency communication cable, which can meet strict combustion requirements, and exhibits electrical stability compared to the cable of the prior art in substantially higher temperature operation. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Route telecommunications cables, etc. used in computers, data devices, alarm systems, etc., usually pass through air ducts in building structures. If a building containing air ducts or risers catches fire, a fire-resistant duct structure will cause the fire to quickly spread throughout the building. The fire will be burned along the cables installed in the duct, and the smoke from the duct will be transported to the neighboring area of the building. Non-duct-grade cable sheath systems contain insulated copper conductor cores and include only those with conventional plastic jackets. They cannot exhibit acceptable fire spreading and fuming performance. When the cable is heated by fire, the jacket material will burn. If the jacket breaks, the interior and insulation of the jacket can be exposed to elevated temperatures. Combustible gases can occur, spreading flames and fumes. Generally speaking, the national electrical code requires that cables with limited duct power and power be contained in metal pipes. Due to the material cost and labor involved in auxiliary ducts, it is obvious that the construction cost is high. However, the national electrical code allows certain exceptional requirements, as long as the cables used in the duct are approved by independent testing laboratories such as UL and have appropriate low-flame transmission and smoke characteristics, ie 1 — This paper standard applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210X297 mm) ------ 1 ---; --------; --- irl -—— r --- ^, (Please read the precautions on the back before filling (This page) A7 B7 printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (2) Yes. The flame spread and smoke characteristics of the cables are measured according to UL-910 duct combustion analysis specifications. In addition to flammability and smoke, air duct cables must have the proper electrical characteristics for the signals they carry intentionally. There are various types of cables, such as category 3, category 4, category 5, etc. The higher the number, the better or higher the frequency of electrical transmission. For example, Category 5 requires excellent electrical parameters, including attenuation, structural return loss, and low crosstalk values below 100MHz. Unfortunately, cable materials that are generally flammable and resistant to fumes also cause the electrical parameters of the cables to be unsuitable for higher transmission rates, such as Category 5 cables. Especially for the required cables of category 5, in addition to passing the UL-910 duct combustion test, the core of the cable must also pass the physical performance test provided by the UL-444 standard and comply with standards such as the Electronics Industry Association's specification TIA / ETA-568A Electrical requirements provided. At present, cable constructions that meet these requirements are available in configurations that include fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) as insulation and low-smoke polyvinyl chloride (PVC) jackets. This cable construction complies with the operating requirements of 100 MHz and has proven to be suitable for operation at 155 million bits or 150 MHz. Unfortunately, FEP is sometimes in short supply. Given the production capacity of FEP manufacturers, the current production of FEP is only enough to construct about 50% of the material capacity required for high-cover cables. Although the FEP supply is expected to continue to increase, it is clear that the supply of FEP cannot meet the market demand for materials used in duct cables. It is expected to increase by about 25% each year by 1999, especially in Europe and Scandinavia. Need. Riser cables are currently insulated with sponge / skin. The structure of the insulating material is a 2 — this paper is scaled to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) — ----- 1, --- τ -------; --- ΪΤ—. ----- Slope- (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Consumers Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 — B7 V. Description of the invention (3) Foamed high-density polyethylene and PVC Epidermal complex. These insulated core jackets and shielded cables meet Class 3 electrical and CMP combustion requirements. However, due to the necessity of extreme electrical parameters, namely attenuation, structural return loss, and crosstalk values up to 100 MHz, it is difficult to develop 5 categories. In addition, this core must pass the elevated temperature attenuation requirements at 40 and 60 ° C. The above-mentioned insulation compound with a PVC sheath cannot pass the temperature attenuation requirement, because the dielectric constant of PVC increases with temperature. OBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide a cable structure suitable for high-frequency electrical applications while resisting combustion. A second object of the present invention is to provide a cable design that meets the electrical parameters of category 5 or higher, including the attenuation requirements for increasing temperature, while meeting the standards for the combustion level of air duct cables. Another object of the present invention is to provide a cable structure that meets the requirements of electrical and combustion levels, and additionally meets various physical requirements, such as cold bending, room temperature and aging tensile strength, elongation, etc. required for duct cables. Yet another object of the present invention is to meet the requirements of providing a cable construction that does not utilize FEP and is suitable for operation at 155 million bits or below 150 MHz. Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a cable structure with an outer jacket structure that exhibits substantially high-temperature electrical stability characteristics relative to the temperature requirements of currently available ventilation cables. In short, according to a specific example of the present invention, the structure of the riser and duct grade cable includes a plurality of twisted pairs, using polyolefin's main insulation material. — 3 — This paper rule applies to China National Standards (CNS) Λ4 specifications (210X297 mm);; iTl ----- ^ I (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 _B7 V. Description of the invention (4) and Single outer jacket for cable construction made of thermoplastic halogenated polymer. To improve the electrical characteristics of the cable, the outer jacket has a foamed construction. Brief Description of the Drawings The present invention will be more fully understood from the detailed description and the scope of patent application with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to similar elements in the drawings. For example: Figure 1 is an elevation view of the cable structure of the present invention, a part of the outer jacket is broken to show the circle; Figure 2 is a sectional circle of the cable structure of the present invention, and a plurality of cable cores are closed by a compound in the outer clamp Figure 3 is the cross section of one of the twisted wires of the cable shown in Figure 2 as one of the conductors. The detailed description of the preferred specific example. Note that the FEP insulation with low-smoke PVC jacket meets the requirements of Category 5 electrical equipment and wind. The physical and flammable properties of tube grade cables are applicable. Although the electrical and physical performance requirements of Category 5 and higher cables can be matched with other plastics, such as polyolefins or modified polyolefins, they do not meet the requirements for duct combustion such as UL-910 because polyolefins burn easily. If the polyolefin material is smoke- and flame-resistant, the necessary components for fire prevention can be reduced from the necessary electrical value of the polyolefin material, and the physical properties caused by the material can also be reduced. The CMP or ventilation combustion test is strict. The test is performed in a closed horizontal fixture or tunnel. The ignition source is 300,000 BTU / hour methane flame. It has a high flux. The exhaust air is 240 feet per minute. The test lasts 20 minutes. The cable is in the tunnel. A wire frame that extends side by side by 12 inches wide and 25 feet long. In order to pass this test, after the initial 4.5-foot fire source, the flame distribution does not exceed 5.0 —4 — This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -------; ---- ------ IJT —.----- it- (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) A7 B7 printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (5) feet; Fumes must not exceed a peak optical density of 0.5 (33% light transmission); the average optical density must not exceed 0.15 (70% light transmission). The purpose of this optical smoke density parameter is to enable persons caught in the fire to see exit signs and visually identify escape routes or tools. Fig. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the present invention with a rounded cable structure, providing a cable that meets Category 5 electrical requirements for duct-grade cables without FEP, as well as usable combustion and smoke requirements, as well as physical performance requirements. Reference is now made to 圄 1, which shows that the cable 5 has four twisted transmission media, called twisted pairs, denoted by 6,7,8,9 to form what is generally called a cable core. According to this specific example of the present invention, the twisted pair 6-9 has main polyolefin insulation, and even if it is easily burnt, it still has good electrical characteristics. In the specific embodiment of the present invention, sponge / skinned high-density polyethylene (HDPE) is used as the main insulation, which has the necessary electrical characteristics for high-frequency cable applications. In order to have the required flame resistance, the cable construction of the present invention has an outer jacket 11 and exhibits high flame resistance. It has been found that thermoplastic halogenated polymers are suitable materials, especially thermoplastic fluorocarbon polymers. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, it has been found that polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is quite suitable to provide sufficient fire and flame resistance to meet application standards. Purely polyolefin-insulated twisted pair as the core, and a cable structure constructed of a conventional extruded thermoplastic fluorocarbon polymer (such as PVDF) as a jacket, which meets applicable combustion standards, but does not meet the requirements of cable 髙Frequency electrical standards, specifically, conventionally made fluorocarbon polymer jackets and their near-twisted pairs, below the optimum electrical characteristics, will degrade the electrical characteristics of the cable. According to the present invention, a single foamed PVDF outer jacket Η can be used for cables 1-5 paper size applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210X 297 mm) (please read the precautions on the back before filling in this education) Order A7 _B7_ printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. Description of the invention (6) 5. There is no intermediate material between the cable core and the PVDF outer jacket 11. The special sponge structure of the PVDF outer jacket 11 is suitable for improving the electrical characteristics of the PVDF material. In a substantially solid or non-foamed state, it typically shows extremely poor dielectric constant and heat dissipation factors. Although not shown in FIG. 1, the cable 5 may include a shield and is located inside the outer jacket 11. The shielding should substantially surround the cable core, and its form is to improve the electrical performance of the cable core. For example, shielding can constitute a protection cable core from external RF or electromagnetic fields and signals. The shield may be formed of a metal foil, such as an aluminum foil or a copper foil, and may be constructed according to any number of conventional methods. This masking is known by experts and need not be detailed. Referring to circle 2, the structure of the cable 10 of the present invention is shown, and is suitable for use in building ducts, i.e., indoor / outdoor-grade cables, in which a plurality of cable cores are contained in a single outer jacket of foamed PVDF. The cable 10 shown by circle 2 includes one or more sheathed cables 20, each containing a core portion 22. The core 22 can be used for data, computers, alarms, and other signal networks and communications. The core 22 is a transmission medium, as shown in FIG. 2, and includes one or more twisted pairs, as shown in 24, 26, 28, and 30 of FIG. 2. Cables used in ducts can contain 25 or more conductor pairs, although some cables contain as few as six, four, two, or even a single conductor pair as shown in Figure 1. In the specific example shown in FIG. 2, each core portion 22 includes four twisted conductor pairs, as shown by 24, 26, 28, 30 in circle 2. As shown in circle 2, each cable 20 preferably uses foamed PVDF 内 套 23。 PVDF inner jacket 23. The inner jacket 23 may be configured as described in detail later. Anyone skilled in the art knows that the inner jacket 23 is not an essential element of the present invention, but the cable 10 may use any suitable packaging element known to those skilled in the art. In addition, the special i ~ 6 used as the inner jacket 23 " This paper size applies to China National Standards (CNS) A4 specifications (21 OX297 mm) '(Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)
經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（7 ) 定材料，可選用來增進電纜10的電氣和/或物理性能。 亦如圖2所示，在此具體例內，複數電攬20設在外夾 套34內。圓2內表示三條電纜20包容在外夾套34內，雖 則本發明同樣可應用於唯有一電纜包容在外夾套（如圓1 所示）內，以及三條電纜20以上或以下設在外夾套34內。 圖3爲在加撚對之一，例如加撚對24之一內，導體之 一的斷面圓。導體或傳輸媒質24包含導骽36，以絕緣材 料38包圍。絕緣材料38可具有外皮部40。 按照本發明較佳具體例，加撚線對內各線，諸如線對 24內之導體36所包圍的主要絕緣38，爲海綿/外皮聚烯 烴雙重壓出絕緣，具有可接受的5類電氣特性。使用海綿 38與外皮40等海綿/外皮絕緣之理由是，除了達成改進電 氣性能外，可有效降低聚烯烴材料可燃燒量。 重要的是保持海綿/外皮純淨，無填料，使此絕緣可 匹配或超過FEP的電氣性能。例如，FEP的介電常數爲 2.1，散熱因數0.0001 ;按照本發明特殊具體例，絕緣爲 純海綿/外皮HDPE，介電常數1.8,等效散熱因數0.0001。 以此組態，海綿/外皮還可改進傳播速度大約78 %，而 FEP大約75 %。相較之下，有填料的耐燃性聚烯烴，傳播 速度67%。2X2電纜（二對耐燃性聚烯烴加二對FEP)， 會遭遇傳播速度歪斜問題，爲二種絕緣間電氣流動分佈之 差異。純海綿/外皮HDPE則無歪斜問題。傳播速度的顧 慮和歪斜問題詳後述。 按照本發明一特殊具體例，主要絕緣爲雙重壓出，海 -7 - 本紙掁尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Λ4規格（2丨0Χ297公釐） (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (7) Certain materials can be selected to improve the electrical and / or physical properties of the cable 10. As also shown in FIG. 2, in this specific example, the plurality of electric frames 20 are provided in the outer jacket 34. The circle 2 indicates that the three cables 20 are contained in the outer jacket 34, although the present invention is equally applicable to the case where only one cable is contained in the outer jacket (as shown in circle 1), and three or more cables 20 are provided in the outer jacket 34 . Fig. 3 is a sectional circle of one of the conductors in one of the twisted pairs, such as one of the twisted pairs 24; The conductor or transmission medium 24 includes a conductor 36 and is surrounded by an insulating material 38. The insulating material 38 may have an outer skin portion 40. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each of the inner wires of the twisted pair, such as the main insulation 38 surrounded by the conductor 36 within the pair 24, is a sponge / skinned polyolefin double-extruded insulation and has acceptable Class 5 electrical characteristics. The reason for using sponge / skin insulation such as sponge 38 and sheath 40 is that in addition to achieving improved electrical properties, it can effectively reduce the combustible amount of polyolefin materials. It is important to keep the sponge / sheath clean and free of filler so that this insulation can match or exceed the electrical properties of FEP. For example, the dielectric constant of FEP is 2.1, and the heat dissipation factor is 0.0001. According to the specific embodiment of the present invention, the insulation is pure sponge / skinned HDPE, the dielectric constant is 1.8, and the equivalent heat dissipation factor is 0.0001. With this configuration, the sponge / skin can also improve the propagation speed by about 78% and FEP by about 75%. In comparison, fillers with flame-resistant polyolefins have a propagation speed of 67%. 2X2 cable (two pairs of flame-resistant polyolefin plus two pairs of FEP) will encounter the problem of skewed propagation speed, which is the difference in electrical flow distribution between the two types of insulation. Pure sponge / skinned HDPE has no skew problems. Concerns about transmission speed and skew are described in detail later. According to a specific example of the present invention, the main insulation is double extrusion. The size of this paper is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (2 丨 0 × 297 mm). (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page. )
*1T 1 . 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 ___B7_____ 五、發明説明（8 ) 綿絕緣38爲HDPE。適當材料爲聯合碳化物公司所產銷， 編號爲DGDB-135 1 NT，然而，適於機械發泡的等效物亦 可用。按照本發明特定具體例，線24的外皮部4〇亦爲聯 合碳化物公司產銷的HDPE，編號爲DGDM-3364 NT。在 如此絕緣構造中，聚烯烴外皮40必有充分厚度，以保護整 體海綿/外皮主要絕緣，在加撚中不破碎。發泡程度、海 綿厚度和外皮厚度，視UL-444物理性質試驗要求而定。 按照本發明特定具體例，各線24內的導體36直徑爲 0.0194吋至0.0215吋範圍。按照此特定具體例，絕緣材料 38厚度0.0060吋，而外皮40厚度0.0022吋。 按照本發明一具體例，各電纜20可設有實質上耐燃性 芯部包裹，而非PVDF內夾套23。此等構造爲例如具有12 對以上大量絕緣對的電纜配置所需。可用耐燃性芯部包 袠，以確保電纜配置可滿足相關的風管燃燒要求。 如前所述，傳輸媒質的主要絕緣爲HDPE的海^ /外 皮構造。按照本發明相當適用的一種材料爲聚乙烯，聯合 碳化物公司有售，編號DGDB-135 1 NT。若此材料經發泡 和連同外皮雙重壓出，亦可爲由聯合碳化物公司製成的 DGDM-3364 NT，則介電常數在1 MHz爲1.80，散熱因數 在11^112爲0.0001，而1〇1爲17%。[〇1指限制氧氣指數， 即樣品完全燃燒時的空氣中氧氣百分比。此材料比重 0.945，但此材料不燒焦，因而需利用其他材料保護，以符 合本發明提供的燃燒試驗。 如上所述，本發明外夾套11或34是由發泡鹵化聚合 —8 — 本紙^尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS〉A4規格（210X297公H ~ -------^---^--,-----^--訂1------線. (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁j 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 ______B7_ 五、發明説明（9 ) 物’亦可由發泡PVDF材料製成。已證明極端適用的一種 PVDF材料，爲Solvay聚合物公司的產品SOLEF 3 1 508-0009。此材料在未發泡狀態，介電常數在1 MHz爲8.40， 散熱因數在11^以爲0.1850，而1^01爲100%(理想的1^01)。 未發泡材料的比重爲1.78，顯示優異的焦炭形成性。 須知像PVDF混合物等其他材料，亦可適用於外夾套 11或34。在雙重夾套具體例內採用的此種混合物之一，爲 Solvay產品編號SOLEF 701 09-X003。此材料的介電常數 在1 MHz爲5.20，散熱因數在1 MHz爲0.1250，而LOI 爲85 %。比重1.64，其焦炭形成性優良。本發明人等構思 上述和其他PVDF合金，包含其他供應商有售之其他適當 PVDF材料，可按照本發明加以發泡。 在較佳電纜構造生產中，可以採用壓出工具以確保適 當形成外夾套11和34，符合物理和電氣要求。除模具/ 芯管隆部長度1至2吋的壓出工具以外，凡精於此道之士 均知此類壓出工具及相關製法，故不贅述。按照舉例之生 產技術，把淬冷槽放在離壓出頭約3吋以內，將管壓出夾 套在拉出時加以淬冷。另外，可將空氣（或另一適當氣體） 在拉出時噴射通過壓出頭，使夾套11和34膨脹，在整個 壓出過程中維持實質上圓形斷面。使用空氣噴射可防止發 泡PVDF在生產中崩解。 按照本發明第一具體例，外夾套Π和34是利用化學 發泡劑，以化學發泡法形成。在一具體例中，外夾套材料 是利用對PVDF(或其他適當材料）引進化學發泡劑形成。凡 一 9 一 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Λ4規格（210Χ297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)* 1T 1. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 ___B7_____ V. Description of the invention (8) Cotton insulation 38 is HDPE. A suitable material is manufactured and marketed by Union Carbide Corporation under the designation DGDB-135 1 NT. However, equivalent mechanically foamable equivalents are also available. According to a specific example of the present invention, the outer skin portion 40 of the thread 24 is also an HDPE produced and sold by Union Carbide Co., numbered DGDM-3364 NT. In such an insulating structure, the polyolefin sheath 40 must have a sufficient thickness to protect the overall sponge / sheath from the main insulation and not to break during twisting. The degree of foaming, the thickness of the sponge and the thickness of the outer skin depend on the requirements of UL-444 physical properties test. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the conductor 36 in each wire 24 ranges from 0.0194 inches to 0.0215 inches. According to this specific example, the insulating material 38 has a thickness of 0.0060 inches, and the outer skin 40 has a thickness of 0.0022 inches. According to a specific example of the present invention, each cable 20 may be provided with a substantially flame-resistant core package instead of the PVDF inner jacket 23. These configurations are required, for example, for a cable configuration having a large number of insulation pairs of 12 or more. It can be wrapped with a flame resistant core to ensure that the cable configuration meets the relevant duct combustion requirements. As mentioned before, the main insulation of the transmission medium is the HDPE / skin structure. One material that is quite suitable in accordance with the present invention is polyethylene, available from Union Carbide Corporation under the designation DGDB-135 1 NT. If this material is foamed and extruded together with the sheath, it can also be DGDM-3364 NT made by Union Carbide Company. The dielectric constant is 1.80 at 1 MHz, the heat dissipation factor is 0.0001 at 11 ^ 112, and 1 〇1 is 17%. [〇1 refers to the limiting oxygen index, that is, the percentage of oxygen in the air when the sample is completely burned. The specific gravity of this material is 0.945, but this material does not scorch, so it needs to be protected with other materials to comply with the combustion test provided by the present invention. As mentioned above, the outer jacket 11 or 34 of the present invention is made of foamed halogenated polymer—8 — The paper ^ dimensions are applicable to Chinese national standards (CNS> A4 specifications (210X297 male H ~ ------- ^ --- ^ -, ----- ^-Order 1 ------ line. (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page. J Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 ______B7_ V. Description of the invention (9) The material can also be made of foamed PVDF material. A PVDF material that has proven extremely suitable is Solvay Polymers' product SOLEF 3 1 508-0009. This material is in an unfoamed state with a dielectric constant of 1 The MHz is 8.40, the heat dissipation factor is 0.1850 to 0.1850, and 1 ^ 01 is 100% (ideally 1 ^ 01). The specific gravity of the unfoamed material is 1.78, which shows excellent coke formation. Note that other materials such as PVDF mixtures, etc. It can also be applied to the outer jacket 11 or 34. One of such mixtures used in the specific example of the double jacket is Solvay product number SOLEF 701 09-X003. The dielectric constant of this material is 5.20 at 1 MHz, and it dissipates heat The factor is 0.1250 at 1 MHz, and the LOI is 85%. The specific gravity is 1.64, and its coke formation is excellent. The inventors conceived the above and its PVDF alloys, including other suitable PVDF materials available from other suppliers, can be foamed in accordance with the present invention. In the production of preferred cable constructions, extrusion tools can be used to ensure that the outer jackets 11 and 34 are properly formed, conforming to physical and Electrical requirements. Except for extrusion tools with a length of 1 to 2 inches for the mold / core tube bulge, anyone skilled in this field knows such extrusion tools and related manufacturing methods, so they will not repeat them. According to the production technology of the example, the The quenching tank is placed within about 3 inches from the extrusion head, and the tube extrusion jacket is quenched when being pulled out. In addition, air (or another appropriate gas) can be sprayed through the extrusion head when being pulled out to make the clamp The sleeves 11 and 34 expand and maintain a substantially circular cross-section during the entire extrusion process. The use of air spray can prevent the collapse of the foamed PVDF during production. According to the first specific example of the present invention, the outer jackets Π and 34 are used The chemical foaming agent is formed by the chemical foaming method. In a specific example, the outer jacket material is formed by introducing a chemical foaming agent into PVDF (or other appropriate materials). Where a 9-paper size applies Chinese national standards (CNS) Λ4 Regulation Grid (210 × 297 mm) (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page)
、1T 螋！ 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（10 ) 精通材料科學和電纜生產技藝之士，均知此種化學發泡技 術。當然，發泡劑的特定量可視最終產品的所需電氣和物 理特性、特殊生產方法和所用設備、特殊外夾套材料，或 其他應用上特別變數而異。 按照本發明第二具體例，外夾套11和34是利用氣體 噴射所形成，在發泡過程中噴射的氣體以氮爲佳。凡精於 此道之士均知此種氣體噴射方法，故在此不詳述。按照一 具體例，採用發泡劑/塑膠載體量，在電氣上增進PVDF 夾套材料降到大約1至10%重量範圍，以約3至8%重量 爲佳。 按照另一具體例，外夾套1 1和34發泡到膨脹5至30 %範圍，以約10至20 %爲佳。在本案說明書內，膨脹％ 指固體比重相對於發泡外夾套材料的變化。膨脹％可藉物 理方式測量發泡PVDF外夾套的樣品部份之重量和尺寸， 將重量與固體PVDF匹配大小量相較而算出。 在較佳具體例內，外夾套11或34厚度在15至40密耳 範圍內。發泡PVDF外夾套11或34以約25密耳厚度爲佳。 在較佳具體例中，PVDF外夾套11，34是以獨立小胞孔，從 內表面發泡到外表面。海綿胞孔的均勻性和大小，適於增 進電纜5,11的電氣特性。須知壓出工具的造型可對電纜 5，11外表面（而非外皮）賦予平滑。例如，舉例Jfe出工具的 模具尖端，在發泡後可加熱使夾套外皮表平滑。此外，模 具隆部長度可構成在PVDF材料離開模尖時，適當賦予較 高壓力降（和相對應較高發泡程度）。在較佳工具性具體例 -10 — 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Λ4規格（210X297公釐） ' (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 A7 B7 五、發明説明（11 ) 中，所用模具隆部長度在1吋以上。 凡精於此道之士均知外夾套11或34的特定厚度及表 面組織，因電槙的特殊電氣和/或物理要求而定。例如， 本發明較佳具體例加設芯部22和外夾套11或34，其構造 使電纜的電氣效能符合TIA/EIA 568A之5類電纜標準。外 夾套的特殊發泡量和特定組成份經適當選擇，以確保電纜 的電氣、物理和燃燒特性，符合全部相關要求。 須知使用單一外夾套可減少5類電纜，例如電纜5相 關的生產時間和成本。外夾套11的發泡PVDF構造確保電 纜5可通過所需UL燃燒試驗和5類電氣試驗，而不需內夾 套、中間夾套或芯部包裹。如前所述，按照本發明一要旨， 芯部可用發泡PVDF材料的內夾套包裹，提供電纜進一步 的防燃和防煙及/或增進電氣效能。 許多實驗性電纜是利用前述絕緣構造和電纜外夾套規 定的材料製造。在獨立實驗室通過UL-910風管燃燒試驗的 實驗電纜以及相關試驗資料，列於下表1 : (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 —11 — 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 五、發明説明（12 A7 B7 縛讁# 一-4聲 24 00 -002 1)1¾ # 2-4 蹿 22 00 -荡癱2 鋒繾箨_ (m饼) 浚胁W砘(mw) 0· 1 9 0.25 0.17 0.20 (Ι1Λ0.5) 007 P07 0.05 0.06 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印裝 3.5 私·0 1. 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 书莅法镧游阏 (叭 0.15) 泠恣雜宙(角) (ΙΙΛ5 3, 1T Hey! Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of Invention (10) Those who are proficient in materials science and cable production techniques know this chemical foaming technology. Of course, the specific amount of blowing agent may vary depending on the required electrical and physical characteristics of the final product, the particular production method and equipment used, the particular outer jacket material, or other application-specific variables. According to a second specific example of the present invention, the outer jackets 11 and 34 are formed by gas spraying, and the gas sprayed during the foaming process is preferably nitrogen. Anyone who is proficient in this way knows this gas injection method, so it will not be described in detail here. According to a specific example, the amount of foaming agent / plastic carrier is used to electrically increase the PVDF jacket material to a range of about 1 to 10% by weight, preferably about 3 to 8% by weight. According to another specific example, the outer jackets 11 and 34 are foamed to an expansion range of 5 to 30%, preferably about 10 to 20%. In the description of this case,% expansion refers to the change in the specific gravity of the solid relative to the foamed outer jacket material. The% swelling can be measured physically by measuring the weight and dimensions of the sample portion of the foamed PVDF outer jacket, and comparing the weight with the solid PVDF matching size. In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the outer jacket 11 or 34 is in the range of 15 to 40 mils. The expanded PVDF outer jacket 11 or 34 is preferably about 25 mils thick. In a preferred embodiment, the PVDF outer jackets 11, 34 are foamed from the inner surface to the outer surface with individual cells. The uniformity and size of the sponge cells are suitable for increasing the electrical characteristics of the cables 5,11. It should be noted that the shape of the pressing tool can smooth the outer surface of the cables 5 and 11 (not the sheath). For example, for example, the tip of a mold made by Jfe can be heated to smooth the jacket surface after foaming. In addition, the mold bulge length can be configured to properly impart a higher pressure drop (and a correspondingly higher degree of foaming) when the PVDF material leaves the die tip. Specific examples of better tools-10 — This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210X297 mm) '(Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Order A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (11 ), The length of the mold bulge used is more than 1 inch. Anyone skilled in this field knows that the specific thickness and surface structure of the outer jacket 11 or 34 depends on the special electrical and / or physical requirements of the electric cable. For example, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a core 22 and an outer jacket 11 or 34 are added, and the structure thereof makes the electrical performance of the cable comply with the TIA / EIA 568A Category 5 cable standard. The special foaming volume and specific composition of the outer jacket are appropriately selected to ensure that the electrical, physical and combustion characteristics of the cable meet all relevant requirements. Note that the use of a single outer jacket can reduce the production time and costs associated with Category 5 cables, such as cable 5. The foamed PVDF construction of the outer jacket 11 ensures that the cable 5 can pass the required UL fire test and Category 5 electrical test without the need for an inner jacket, a middle jacket, or a core wrap. As mentioned above, according to one aspect of the present invention, the core may be wrapped with an inner jacket of a foamed PVDF material to provide the cable with further flame and smoke resistance and / or improve electrical performance. Many experimental cables are manufactured using materials previously specified for the insulation construction and cable jacket. The test cables and related test data that passed the UL-910 duct combustion test in an independent laboratory are listed in Table 1 below: (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs —11 — This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) V. Description of the invention (12 A7 B7 讁 讁 # 一 -4 声 24 00 -002 1) 1¾ # 2-4 蹿 22 00- Paralysis 2 Front 缱 箨 _ (m cake) Jun threat W 砘 (mw) 0 · 1 9 0.25 0.17 0.20 (Ι1Λ0.5) 007 P07 0.05 0.06 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 3.5 Private · 01. The size of this paper is applicable to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm).
Iml UL — 910 Steiner 躧 _ 统漩浑硇 緦簽PVDFW1浚胁挪織 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 ! 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（13 ) 上列電纜上部通過風管燃燒試驗已如表上所示，而且 通過5類通氣要求和UL-444物理性能試驗要求。 雖然本發明的初步目的集中在開發電纜構造，符合現 有使用FEP絕緣的效能，但意外發現按照本發明原理構造 的電纜，實際上超過FEP絕緣電纜的效能，在習知技藝中， 除利用例如4對加撚對的電纜外，全部具有FEP材料的構 造均使用絕緣材料的組合物。此等組合絕緣構造針對FEP 材料對較高類電纜的供不應求。例如，有一種前案技藝構 造利用一種電纜，含三對加撚FEP絕緣導體和一對加撚烯 烴絕緣導體。另一前案技術構造利用一種電纜，含二對加 撚FEP絕緣導體和二對加撚稀烴導體。 當風管電纜受到升溫，則電纜的電氣特性（例如衰減、 結構報酬損失、串音），會漂移不良的量。當然，5類電纜 必須通過40 °C和60 °C時的升溫衰減要求；按照現有有標 準，5類電纜的衰減必須在室溫時低於約67.0 dB，40 °C 時低於約72.3 dB，而60°C時低於約77.7 dB。雖然利用 FEP絕緣和低煙PVC夾套的電纜會符合此等升溫衰減要 求，但在例如100 °C以上的更高溫度仍保持電氣安定。 按照本發明，外夾套11和34使電纜5和10從室溫至 60 °C以上溫度都顯示電氣安定性（爲了效能試驗）。在具體 例中，電纜5和10到至少約121 °C仍然電氣安定，121 °C 大約爲風管內可達成的最高溫度。例如雖然5類電纜的衰 減在121 °C時必須低於約94 dB，惟按照本發明構成的原 型電纜顯示121°C時的衰減在70.0 dB以下。除增進衰減效 一 13 — 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐)' ' (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂ir 峻！ A7 ____B7_ 五、發明説明（14 ) 能外，電纜5和10亦符合或超過室溫至121 t與結構報酬 損失和串音攸關的電氣效能要求。 在高頻傳輸應用所需的所有電纜中，信號傳播速度（應 盡爨快）極爲重要，一如可容許的歪斜。歪斜指單一電纜中 加撚對當中傳播速度或其他特性之變化，應盡量小到減少 資料失真。表2代表本發明4對FEP、3對FEP + 1對耐燃 烯烴、2對FEP+2對耐燃烯烴，和4對海綿/外皮HDPE 特性的測量結果。表2內，傳播速度以光速的百分比表示， 而延遲是以經過10 0公尺電纜的十億分之一秒計。歪斜百 分比是以最劣加撚對特性和最佳加撚對特性間之比決定。 BRN，GRN，BLU和ORN只是表示4對加撚顔色標準中加撚 對特定顔色。 表2 導體特性 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印裝 電纜構造 絕緣 顔色 介電常數 傳播速度ί % ) 延遲（ns) 4 對 FEP FEP BRN 1.74 75.80 1.35 FEP GRN 1.76 75.40 1.36 FEP BLU 1.81 74.30 1.36 FEP ORN 1.83 73.90 1.39 平均 1.79 74.90 1.37 歪斜 5.20 % 2.80 % 3.00 % -14 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Λ4規格（210X297公釐） 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（15 ) 電纜構造絕緣顏色介電常數傳播速度（％ )延遲（ns) 3 對 FEP 1對烯烴Iml UL - 910 Steiner Xi _ system swirling muddy NAO fine linen woven signed PVDFW1 Jun threat Norway (please read the back of the precautions to fill out this page) Order Ministry of Economic Affairs Bureau of Standards HIGHLAND consumer cooperatives printed A7 B7 V. description of the invention! (13) The upper part of the cable listed above has passed the duct combustion test as shown in the table, and it has passed Category 5 ventilation requirements and UL-444 physical performance test requirements. Although the primary purpose of the present invention is to focus on the development of cable structures that are compatible with existing FEP insulation, it was unexpectedly found that cables constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention actually exceed the efficiency of FEP insulated cables. In addition to the twisted pair cable, all the structures with FEP material use a composition of insulating material. These combined insulation constructions are designed to meet demand for higher-grade cables in FEP materials. For example, one prior art technique uses a cable that contains three pairs of twisted FEP insulated conductors and a pair of twisted olefin insulated conductors. Another prior art construction utilizes a cable containing two pairs of twisted FEP insulated conductors and two pairs of twisted dilute hydrocarbon conductors. When the air duct cable is heated up, the electrical characteristics of the cable (such as attenuation, structural return loss, crosstalk) will drift by a bad amount. Of course, Category 5 cables must pass the temperature rise attenuation requirements at 40 ° C and 60 ° C; according to existing standards, the attenuation of Category 5 cables must be less than approximately 67.0 dB at room temperature and less than approximately 72.3 dB at 40 ° C , And lower than about 77.7 dB at 60 ° C. Although cables utilizing FEP insulation and low-smoke PVC jackets will meet these heating and attenuation requirements, they remain electrically stable at higher temperatures, such as above 100 ° C. According to the invention, the outer jackets 11 and 34 cause the cables 5 and 10 to show electrical stability (for performance tests) from room temperature to temperatures above 60 ° C. In the specific example, cables 5 and 10 are still electrically stable to at least about 121 ° C, which is approximately the highest temperature achievable in the duct. For example, although the attenuation of a Category 5 cable must be lower than about 94 dB at 121 ° C, the prototype cable constructed in accordance with the present invention shows that the attenuation at 121 ° C is below 70.0 dB. In addition to improving the attenuation effect I 13 — This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297mm) '' (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Order irrespective! A7 ____B7_ 5. Description of the invention (14) In addition to the energy, cables 5 and 10 also meet or exceed the room temperature to 121 t electrical performance requirements related to structural return loss and crosstalk. In all cables required for high-frequency transmission applications, the speed of signal propagation (as fast as possible) is extremely important, as is the allowable skew. Skew refers to changes in propagation speed or other characteristics in a twisted pair in a single cable, and should be as small as possible to reduce data distortion. Table 2 represents the measurement results of the properties of 4 pairs of FEP, 3 pairs of FEP + 1 pair of flame-resistant olefins, 2 pairs of FEP + 2 pairs of flame-resistant olefins, and 4 pairs of sponge / skin HDPE of the present invention. In Table 2, the speed of propagation is expressed as a percentage of the speed of light, and the delay is measured in billionths of a second through a 100-meter cable. The percent skew is determined by the ratio between the worst twist pair characteristics and the best twist pair characteristics. BRN, GRN, BLU, and ORN only indicate the twisted pair of specific colors in the four-pair twisted color standard. Table 2 Conductor characteristics (please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Employees of the Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Cooperatives, Printed Cable Structures, Insulation Color, Dielectric Constant, Propagation Speed (%) Delay (ns) 4 Pairs FEP FEP BRN 1.74 75.80 1.35 FEP GRN 1.76 75.40 1.36 FEP BLU 1.81 74.30 1.36 FEP ORN 1.83 73.90 1.39 Average 1.79 74.90 1.37 Skew 5.20% 2.80% 3.00% -14-This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 size (210X297 mm) Central Printed by the Consumer Bureau of Standards Bureau A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (15) Cable structure Insulation color Dielectric constant propagation speed (%) Delay (ns) 3 Pair FEP 1 Pair olefin
Olefin BRN 1.99 70.90 1.43 FEP GRN 1.84 73.70 1.37 FEP BLU 1.90 72.50 1.39 FEP ORN 1.92 72.20 1.40 平均 1.91 72.30 1.40 歪斜 8.20 % 3.10% 4.40 % 2對烯烴 01 e fi η BRN 2.20 67.40 1 .52 FEP GRN 1.79 74.70 1.38 FEP BLU 1.79 74.70 1.38 Olefin ORN 2.20 67.40 1.52 平均 2.00 71.05 1.45 歪斜 22.90 % 10.80 % 10.10 % 4對海綿/外皮 F/S BRN 1.59 79.20 1.30 F/S GRN 1.61 78.80 1.3 1 F/S BLU 1.64 77.90 1.32 F/S ORN 1.66 77.50 1.33 平均 1.63 78.35 1.32 歪斜 4.40 % 2.20 % 2.30 % -15 - 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)Olefin BRN 1.99 70.90 1.43 FEP GRN 1.84 73.70 1.37 FEP BLU 1.90 72.50 1.39 FEP ORN 1.92 72.20 1.40 average 1.91 72.30 1.40 skew 8.20% 3.10% 4.40% 2 p-olefin 01 e fi η BRN 2.20 67.40 1 .52 FEP GRN 1.79 74.70 1.38 FEP BLU 1.79 74.70 1.38 Olefin ORN 2.20 67.40 1.52 Average 2.00 71.05 1.45 Skew 22.90% 10.80% 10.10% 4 pairs of sponge / skin F / S BRN 1.59 79.20 1.30 F / S GRN 1.61 78.80 1.3 1 F / S BLU 1.64 77.90 1.32 F / S ORN 1.66 77.50 1.33 average 1.63 78.35 1.32 skew 4.40% 2.20% 2.30% -15-This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)
A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印裝 五、發明説明（16 ) 如上表所示，本發明海線/外皮絕緣所構成電纜的介 電常數、傳播速度和延遲時間，全都遠比只有FEP絕緣的 電纜爲佳，且比複合FEP/烯烴絕緣電纜優異。本發明電 纜之歪斜亦較只有FEP絕緣的電纜爲佳。此種電纜構造當 然適於在150MHz或155百萬位元的信號頻率操作。 按照本發明可達成改進電纜構造，爲材料的電氣和燃 燒性能新組合的結果。尤其是在特定實施例中以諸如HDPE 發泡，以HHPE外皮包圍的聚烯烴主要絕緣，是以在特定 實施例中爲發泡PVDF材料的熱塑性鹵化聚合物加以包 圍。 雖然在此所論特定實施例，爲了完整，包含由各種廠 商可得特別適當材料，目前或今後可得的等效材料，顯然 可以滿意的結果取代。所以，在附帶的申請專利範圍內， 不但要涵蓋此處所述特定材料和構造，還涉及整體電纜構 造內等效材料之取代。例如，除HDPE海綿/外皮絕緣外， 亦可利用聚丙烯海綿/外皮絕緣來改進電纜的耐碎性和整 體物理性堅固。此外，本發明可以採用HDPE外皮/海綿 /外皮的三層壓出絕緣，或聚丙烯外皮/海綿/外皮絕 緣，以改進傳播速度值。 -16 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Λ4規格（210X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 逡A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (16) As shown in the table above, the dielectric constant, propagation speed and delay time of the cable formed by the sea line / sheath insulation of the present invention are all far better than only FEP Insulated cables are preferred and superior to composite FEP / olefin insulated cables. The skew of the cable of the present invention is also better than a cable with only FEP insulation. This cable construction is certainly suitable for operation at a signal frequency of 150 MHz or 155 million bits. According to the present invention, improved cable construction can be achieved as a result of a new combination of electrical and flammability properties of the material. In particular, polyolefins which are foamed with, for example, HDPE in a specific embodiment, and which are surrounded by a sheath of HHPE, are mainly insulated and surrounded by a thermoplastic halogenated polymer which is a foamed PVDF material in a specific embodiment. Although the specific embodiments discussed herein, for the sake of completeness, contain particularly suitable materials available from various manufacturers, and equivalent materials currently or in the future may obviously be replaced with satisfactory results. Therefore, within the scope of the attached patent application, not only the specific materials and structures described herein, but also the replacement of equivalent materials in the overall cable structure are involved. For example, in addition to HDPE sponge / sheath insulation, polypropylene sponge / sheath insulation can also be used to improve the shatter resistance and overall physical strength of the cable. In addition, the present invention can use three layers of HDPE sheath / sponge / sheath to produce insulation, or polypropylene sheath / sponge / sheath insulation to improve the propagation speed value. -16-This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Order 逡