經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 405044 五、發明説明（I ) 發明背景： 這世界是一個三維（3 — D)的地方’而當資料以3 一 D形式呈現時，人類的頭腦對於解析此種資料是非常有 效率的。人類的頭腦係藉由各項視覺線索解析爲三維的景 ，由該等視覺線索可擷取深度認知方面的資訊。已有許多 嘗試企圖發現創造顯示器的方式’其係利用視覺線索提供 具有實際之即時動作的世界之真實3 — D視窗。 視覺線索可分爲能由3 — D顯示技術複製的四個主要 類別。雖然單獨一眼僅能看見產生於網膜上的二維（2 -D )影像，觀察者的腦部隨著來自雙眼的些微不同的視野 工作以構成深度的第三維，由此腦部可創造3 - D影像。 此種過程稱爲立體視覺（Stereopsis)。爲了達成此種結果 ，顯示器多多少少必須輸送不同的視覺給各眼。 另一個類別是動作視差(motion parallax)，其係抑賴隨 著觀察者的頭部垂直或橫向移動，在視野領域中目標物的 相對明顯動作。爲了達到此種結果，顯示器一般係評估並 響應於觀察者的頭部動作。 另外兩個類別提供較弱的視覺線索，利用眼睛聚焦和 會聚回饋，腦部可藉由慼測眼睛水晶體擠壓以將目標物納 入焦點的程度如何，以及雙眼需使目標視野在腦中會聚的 相對角度而獲得一些關於目標物深度位置的資訊。因爲眼 睛聚焦和會聚是微弱的視覺線索，大部分3 — D顯示系統 係能以觀察者聚焦於固定距離而操作，如無限遠或靠近觀 察者的螢幕上。 _____3___ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ----裝' 訂 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印繁 405044 η 7 ___ 五、發明説明（>) 此外，以軟體爲基礎的視覺幻影可以在影像產生器中 製造微弱的視覺線索以顯示在2 - D表面上。該等幻影包 括目標物立體及色度，距離霧霾(haze)以及來自攝影機動作 之移動視差。以軟體爲基礎的視覺幻影係爲最容易製造之 視覺線索的類別。確實大多數模擬器及電腦遊戲係在表現 於2 - D表面之前，藉由利用電腦記憶體及處理器中3 -D世界而製造該等視覺幻影。 利用立體視覺的三維顯示的一個範例係包括與影像源 組合的可移動垂直狹縫。該狹縫係以影像源所顯示之影像 的順序在複數個位置之間移動。該等影像可由觀察者觀看 ，而各影像係依據狹縫的位置而顯示於空間中。 可提供立體視覺及動作視差之3 — D顯示裝置的一個 例子是頭戴式顯示（HMD )裝匱。在HMD之內的微型 顯示螢幕係配準於(registered to)各眼並提供各別的影像給各 眼。頭式追踪裝置可與HMD合倂以提供環視能力以觀察 者頭部動作。然而，此等系統一次僅限於單一個觀察者使 用，且轉移延遲會造成噁心及平衡感喪失。 發明槪述： 在大部份觀看狀況下，僅需要提供觀察者的雙眼所佔 用的面（如水平面）中的動作的視差。雖然先前技藝系統 可提供觀察者立體視覺影像，但其具有很多明顯的限制。 此等系統遭受到低影像亮度、窄視野、少數目的光瞳片段 (pupil slices)，以及小的影像尺寸等問題。雖然任何一個這 些缺陷可利用先前技藝之技術加以改善，然此種改善將會 _4___ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） ~ _^n ^^1 I - ^^1 TV 令 、νδ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央榡準局員工消費合作衽印製 405044 Λ7 —___Β-7 五、發明説明（、） 使其他條件嚴動劣化作爲代價》 根據本發明之較佳實施例，一種三維顯示裝置包括具 有儘可能緊密毗接在一起之光瞳的多重光瞳(pupu)多重投 影系統。各投影系統同時從影像源映射各別之影像於一共 同的觀察光學鏡片。該觀察光學鏡片可包括菲涅耳透鏡或 折叠系統中之凹面鏡。該觀察光學鏡片將投影透鏡之出射 光瞳映射於在一觀察空間之觀察埠的連續陣列》此種系統 提供更亮的、具有寬廣観察空間投影之多重景像顯示器。 根據本發明之第一特點，顯示裝匿包括複數影像源以 及具有複數個離散景像之影像空間。各影像源顯示目標物 之複數個順序的影像。各景像(view)係光學耦合至目標物之 各別順序的影像。 多重投影光學系統係較佳使用於將景像耦合至順序的 影像。多重投影光學系統包括複數個投影透鏡組合，各組 合係配準於一個各別的影像源。複數個可定址快門係配準 於各投影透鏡組合，一共同觀察組合係配準於投影透鏡組 合以提供多重景像。該共同觀察組合較佳係包括可調式光 學散射體(diffuser)以模糊投影系統之間的縫。該光等散射 體較佳係包括折射率匹配媒介。 較佳而言，控制器係耦接至影像源以及快門元件。各 影像源係在一特定時間提供一景的各別景像。該等快門係 排列成有複數個狹縫與各影像源光學對準。控制器係操作 該等影像源以及快門以形成複數個同時的影像。觀察者一 次觀看該等影像的二個影像，每隻眼睛觀看一個影像。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家榡準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） ► ^^^1 m m i —^ϋ ^^^1 tJmu mu mu n^— 、ve\ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 405044 A7 五、發明説明（4) 本發明之上述及其他特徵’包括結構及部件組合之各 種新穎細節，將參照所附圖式作更詳細的說明並在申請専 利範圍中指出。應明瞭本發明之特定實施例係顯示以僅爲 闊釋而非限制本發明。本發明之原理和特徵可在多個不同 的實施例中具體化而不悖離本發明之範疇。 圖式之簡單說明 第一圖係利用離散視差變化模擬3 — D景像之示意圖 第二圖係根據本發明之較佳實施例的較佳自動立體投 影系統之不意圖， 第三圖係根據本發明之較佳的莢式（lenticular))層狀散 射體之示意圖； 第四圖係根據本發明之較佳實施例的可採用之透明影 像產生裝置之示意圖。 本發明較佳實施例之詳細說明 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 —II - - - - · - - - Γ - - - — M^- _ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 第一圖係利用離散視差變化模擬3 — D景像之示意圖 。在真實世界1中，隨著觀察者7水平移動，目標物5之 視角影像亦平滑而連續地改變。 然而實際上，只要步階增量適當地小，人類的腦部對 於步階式的變化亦感到舒適。在實際模擬3中，目標物5 之離散景像片段Vi，…，\7^係提供給觀察者7。 此種“量化”方法的最簡單形式是莢式透鏡狀光柵 (lenticular raster)。來自不同攝影機角度之靜態影像係分成 窄條並以有次序的方式彼此交錯。當每單位長度之正確數 ____6_ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家榡準（CNS ) A4規格（210 X297公f ) 經濟部中央標隼局員工消費合作社印製 405044 五、發明説明（Γ) 目之線條的莢式透鏡係根據條寬而置於混合的影像上，觀 察者7可依其視角而看見不同的完整影像。 以莢式透鏡狀光柵爲基礎的空間多工系統具有二個主 要的缺點。第一，因爲所有的影像係同時顯示在影像產生 裝置，每個影像可用的區域受到限制，且影像解析度亦受 限。第二，每個景像需要專屬的光學投影系統，使得構成 複雜且難以標定更多景像。 根據本發明之較佳實施例，係使用時間多工以避免空 間多工系統中發現的缺失。簡言之，對應於各種視角的影 像係依時間順序閃映於影像產生裝置，每個影像係佔用整 個螢幕。 第二圖係根據本發明較佳實施例之較佳自動立體投影 系統的示意圖。在實施例中，目標物5的景像係藉由靜態 或視頻攝影機1 2 :，1 2 2…，1 2 n之陣列所捕捉。成 像系統1 0準備所捕捉的影像以便顯示。影像及視頻同步 信號係供至遍於視頻匯流排V I D同步連接H S y n c， VSync，ZSync之控制系統2 0。控制系統2 Ο 可經由至成像系統1 0之控制匯流排c T L而控制攝影機 1 2 !，…，1 2 ν的操作。在另一實施例中，景像係由電 腦產生，並由成像系統1 0儲存》 控制系統2 0提供視頻信號至成像系統3 0。較佳而 言，成像系統3 0包括影像源3 2 :，3 2 2，3 2;之陣列 ，影像源可爲陰極射線管（C. R T )或液晶顯示裝置。雖 然僅顯示三個C R T，應了解可使用任何數目的C R T， Η (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 .Lr— - - ίτ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家g ( CNS ) Α4規格（210Χ297公釐) 405044__η； ___ 五、發明説明（U ) 其係在特定光學限制下，視所需的離散景像的總數而定。 影像源3 2亦從控制系統2 0接收控制信號》 投影透鏡系統4 0係光學耦合至成像系統3 0。明確 而言，投影系統4 0包括各耦接至各個影像源3 2 :，3 2 2，3 2 3之投影子系統40!，4〇2，4〇3。各投影透 鏡子系統4 0包括複數個投影透鏡4 1，4 3，4 5，4 7，4 9。影像源3 2 i，3 2 2，3 2 3之出射光瞳5 2 ^ ，5 2 2，5 2 3係由前投影透鏡4 9 !，4 9 2，4 9 3界 定。根據本發明之較佳實施例，前投影透鏡4 9:，4 9 2 ，4 9 3係藉由從塑膠片模製透鏡而製成。 來自出射光瞳5 2 1，5 2 2，5 2 3之的光係由各別 的快門元件5 Ο 1，5 0 2，5 0 3處理。該等快門元件5 0係包括由控制系統2 0控制之可移動狹縫的空間光調變 器。較佳而言，快門元件5 0爲液晶裝置，而狹縫係垂直 光調變單元，其可從各快門元件5 0中之大約5至8個垂 直排列的位置選出。或者，光調變單元可從各快門元件中 的複數個二維排列窗口選出。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印裝 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 雖然所示之快門元件5 Ο 1，5 0 2，5 0 3係在出射 光瞳5 2 1，5 2 2，5 2 3前，但此種配置並非必要。實 際上，快門元件5 0 !，5 0 2，5 0 3可位於前投影透鏡 4 9 !，4 9 2，4 9 3之後。較佳而言，快門元件5 0 !， 5 0 2，5 0 3係儘可能靠近出射光瞳5 2 i，5 2 2，5 2 3。快門元件愈在出射光瞳前，則光學效率損失愈多。在本 發明之特定實施例中，快門元件係位於離前投影透鏡一英 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家標率（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） 經濟部中央榡準局員工消費合作衽印製 405044 _η；____ 五、發明説明（1 ) 时以內，最好是大約半英时。 在操作中’控制系統2 0控制影像源3 2和各別的快 門元件5 0，以致不同的視頻幀係對於快門元件中的各個 狹縫位置而提供於顯示器上。明確而言，視頻幀係隨快門 而步階式時間多工。以此方式，對於每個影像源3 2而言 ，有複數個光瞳產生。 如所示，複數個視頻信號VIDi，VID2，VlD3 係藉由控制系統2 0之顯示驅動器2 2而提供至各別的影 像源3 2 !，3 2 2，3 2 3。此外，水平同步(HSync)、垂 直同步(VSync)、以及視頻場同步(ZSync)信號係由控制系統 2 0處理。明確而言，顯示控制模組2 4接收H S y n c 以及V S y n c信號以驅動影像源3 2。快門控制模組2 6接收V S y n c以及Z S y n c信號並驅動快門元件 4 4 » V S y n c信號係用以使影像源3 2之視頻幀與快 門元件5 0中的狹縫同步化。 雖然並未顯示，但可將獨立的紅、綠、藍（R G Β ) 濾光元件置於各影源3 2。該等彩色濾光元件係較佳用以 從寬頻譜影像產生器製造彩色視頻幀。顯示控制模組2 4 則操作該彩色濾光元件。 對於影像源3 2之特定幀而言，投影系統4 0將影像 投影P ......P 9.....P ，…、P 24投射至共用觀察 光學鏡片5 5。根據本發明之一特點，該觀察光學鏡片5 5爲菲涅耳透鏡。該觀察光學鏡片5 5將各出射光瞳聚焦 於虛出射光瞳或成像平面6 0上的觀察準V1.....V 2 4 ___9 ___ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） n IJI n ^^^1 ^^^1 I _^n «- I» j— i 1^1 \ V (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) A7 A7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 405044 五、發明説明（) 。該等觀察埠提供影像源上之幀影像的景像° 在任何一個時期，観察光學鏡片5 5提供來自各影像 源3 2之選定的光瞳的景像至一觀察空間6 5，其係由一 個觀察者7或複數個觀察者観看。典型上各觀察者7係將 左眼7 0 L及右7 0 R維持在觀察空間中。兩眼相距瞳孔 內距（I P D)。如所示，在成像平面6 0有複數個觀察 埠V 1......V 2 4，各提供一各別的影像源之各別視頻 幀的景像。光學鏡片係最佳化，故在観察空間6 5之狹縫 的景像毗鄰各鄰近的景像並中心相隔一距離D。爲了提升 無縫隙觀賞，其中影像隨觀察者的頭部移動而呈現連續， 該距離D較佳係小於或等於I P D的一半。典聖上，狹縫 於觀察者的眼睛係在2 2〜2 5随寬之間。如此，可實質 上排除於觀察者的眼睛中影像之變暗的區域。 因此各眼7 0 L、7 0 R係看見不同的影像源3 2以 產生三維目標物的幻影。除了基本上無縫隙的觀賞之外， 光學系統3經由許多觀察埠提供延伸的觀賞。 爲使視野極大化，透鏡陣列係儘實際上可能地大。舉 例而言’根據本發明之較佳實施例，該光學系統具有f/1的 焦比(focal ratio) ’並且其大小係等效於25英吋對角線的監 視器β 爲了使裝置的尺寸極小化，較佳係使用具有凹面鏡之 折疊式光學系統作爲觀察光學鏡片5 5。該凹面鏡係操作 爲觀察幕，對光聚焦於各別之觀察埠。藉由使用鏡面，可 使光學路徑折疊以增加系統的焦距，同時維持相當緊密的 ___ 10_ 本紙張尺度通用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐)' ~ ~ ^^1 —Ln ml t. mt ^^^1 ^^^1 ^^^1 ^^^1 一^ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 405044 五、發明説明（气） 尺寸5 較佳的系統包括鐵電性導引條帶快門，其具有電控式 狹縫，一次僅讓一節光通過。顯示在CR T上的影像與導 引快門節之切換係同步性’故適當的影像係闢給各觀察片 段。該投影透鏡系統在向場透鏡〔field lens)的位置產生 基本上無失真的實像。此影像的尺寸決定觀察者所看見的 有效螢幕尺寸。 一般係爲尺寸等於有效登幕尺寸之菲捏耳透鏡的向場 透鏡5 5對於C R T的實像並無影響。其功能爲在用於觀 察者之最佳観察平面產生導引快門之實像。因此，菲涅耳 透鏡決定觀察者可看見全螢幕3 ~~ D影像之區域的尺寸。 對於實際的系統而言，觀察區域深度可延伸超過最佳觀察 平面數英呎。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作衽印製 H— —4— tuf K m· n ml I (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 在原型系統中’可獲致在交錯模式中，以512X384畫 素之解析度’在25英吋對角線之螢幕上的每秒30幀之復 新率（refresh rate)。較佳的観察距離爲大約5英呎，故螢 幕係張開大約20度角度。用於全螢幕3 — D影像之觀察眼 箱（eyebox)爲大約2英呎寬’數英呎深，且可提供28種 不同的攝影角度，該等角度係藉由一弱散射而圖滑在一起Printed by the Staff Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 405044 V. Description of the Invention (I) Background of the Invention: This world is a three-dimensional (3-D) place. Such information is very efficient. The human mind is parsed into three-dimensional scenes through various visual cues, and these visual cues can capture information on deep cognition. There have been many attempts to find a way to create a monitor ', which uses visual cues to provide a real 3-D window of the world with actual, real-time action. Visual cues can be divided into four main categories that can be replicated by 3-D display technology. Although a single eye can only see a two-dimensional (2-D) image generated on the omentum, the observer's brain works with slightly different fields of vision from both eyes to form the third dimension of the depth, so the brain can create 3 -D image. This process is called Stereopsis. To achieve this result, the display must more or less deliver different visions to each eye. Another category is motion parallax, which depends on the relatively obvious movement of the target in the field of view as the observer's head moves vertically or laterally. To achieve this result, the display generally evaluates and responds to the observer's head movements. The other two categories provide weak visual cues. Using eye focus and convergence feedback, the brain can measure the extent to which the eye lens is squeezed to bring the target into focus, and both eyes need to converge the target field of vision in the brain Relative angle to get some information about the depth position of the target. Because eye focus and convergence are faint visual cues, most 3-D display systems can operate with the viewer focusing on a fixed distance, such as on an infinity or near the screen of the viewer. _____3___ This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) ---- Install 'Order by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Consumer Cooperatives. 7 ___ 5. Description of the invention (>) In addition, software-based visual phantoms can create weak visual cues in the image generator to be displayed on the 2-D surface. These phantoms include the stereo and chroma of the target, distance haze, and moving parallax from camera action. Software-based visual phantoms are the easiest category of visual cues to make. Indeed, most simulators and computer games create these visual phantoms by using the 3-D world in computer memory and processors before they appear on 2-D surfaces. An example of a three-dimensional display using stereo vision is a movable vertical slit combined with an image source. The slit is moved between a plurality of positions in the order of the images displayed by the image source. These images can be viewed by the observer, and each image is displayed in space according to the position of the slit. An example of a 3-D display device that can provide stereo vision and motion parallax is a head mounted display (HMD) device. A miniature display screen within the HMD is registered to each eye and provides individual images to each eye. The head tracking device can be combined with the HMD to provide a look around capability to observe the head movements of the observer. However, these systems are restricted to a single observer at a time, and delays in transfer can cause nausea and loss of balance. Summary of the Invention: Under most viewing conditions, it is only necessary to provide parallax of motion in a surface (such as a horizontal plane) occupied by the observer's eyes. Although prior art systems can provide the viewer with stereoscopic vision images, they have many significant limitations. These systems suffer from low image brightness, narrow field of view, few pupil slices, and small image size. Although any of these defects can be improved by using the technology of the prior art, this improvement will be _4___ This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) ~ _ ^ n ^^ 1 I-^^ 1 TV order, νδ (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Printed by the Central Consumers' Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Cooperation, printed 405044 Λ7 —___ Β-7 5. Description of the invention (,) Deteriorating other conditions Cost "According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a three-dimensional display device includes a multiple-pupu multiple-projection system having pupils that are close to each other as closely as possible. Each projection system simultaneously maps each image from the image source to a common viewing optical lens. The viewing optical lens may include a Fresnel lens or a concave mirror in a folding system. The observation optical lens maps the exit pupil of the projection lens to a continuous array of observation ports in an observation space. Such a system provides a brighter multi-view display with wide observation space projection. According to a first feature of the present invention, the display device includes a plurality of image sources and an image space having a plurality of discrete scenes. Each image source displays multiple sequential images of the target. Each view is a sequence of images optically coupled to the target. Multiple projection optical systems are preferred for coupling scenes to sequential images. The multi-projection optical system includes a plurality of projection lens combinations, and each combination is registered to a separate image source. A plurality of addressable shutters are registered with each projection lens combination, and a common observation combination is registered with the projection lens combination to provide multiple scenes. The common observation combination preferably includes an adjustable optical diffuser to blur the gap between the projection systems. The scatterer such as light preferably includes a refractive index matching medium. Preferably, the controller is coupled to the image source and the shutter element. Each image source is a separate scene that provides a scene at a particular time. The shutters are arranged with a plurality of slits in optical alignment with each image source. The controller operates the image sources and shutters to form a plurality of simultaneous images. The observer views two of these images at a time, one image per eye. This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) ► ^^^ 1 mmi — ^ ϋ ^^^ 1 tJmu mu mu n ^ —, ve \ (Please read the precautions on the back before filling (This page) 405044 A7 V. Description of the invention (4) The above and other features of the present invention, including various novel details of the structure and component combination, will be described in more detail with reference to the attached drawings and indicated in the scope of the application. It should be understood that the specific embodiments of the present invention are shown for the purpose of illustration and not limitation. The principles and features of the present invention may be embodied in many different embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention. Brief description of the drawings The first picture is a schematic diagram of a 3-D scene simulated using discrete parallax changes. The second picture is a schematic diagram of a preferred autostereoscopic projection system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The third picture is based on the present invention. A schematic diagram of a preferred lenticular layered scatterer of the invention; a fourth diagram is a schematic diagram of a transparent image generating device that can be used according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs -II--------Γ----M ^-_ (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page The first picture is a schematic diagram of a 3-D scene using discrete parallax changes. In the real world 1, as the observer 7 moves horizontally, the perspective image of the target 5 also changes smoothly and continuously. In reality, however, as long as the step increment is appropriately small, the human brain is also comfortable with step changes. In the actual simulation 3, the discrete scene fragments Vi, ..., \ 7 ^ of the target 5 are provided to the observer 7. The simplest form of this "quantization" method is a lenticular raster. Still images from different camera angles are divided into narrow strips and are interlaced with each other in an orderly manner. When the correct number per unit length ____6_ This paper size applies to China National Standards (CNS) A4 (210 X297 gf) Printed by the Staff Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 405044 5. The description of the invention (Γ) The pod lens is placed on the mixed image according to the strip width, and the observer 7 can see different complete images depending on its viewing angle. The spatial multiplexing system based on the lenticular grating has two main disadvantages. First, because all images are displayed on the image generating device at the same time, the area available for each image is limited, and the image resolution is also limited. Second, each scene requires a dedicated optical projection system, making the composition complex and difficult to calibrate more scenes. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, time multiplexing is used to avoid the defects found in the space multiplexing system. In short, the images corresponding to various perspectives are flashed on the image generating device in chronological order, and each image occupies the entire screen. The second figure is a schematic diagram of a preferred autostereoscopic projection system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. In the embodiment, the scene of the target 5 is captured by an array of still or video cameras 1 2:, 1 2 2 ..., 1 2 n. The imaging system 10 prepares the captured image for display. The video and video synchronization signals are provided to the video bus V ID synchronization control system H Sync, VSync, ZSync 2 0. The control system 2 0 can control the operations of the cameras 1 2!, ..., 1 2 ν via a control bus c T L to the imaging system 10. In another embodiment, the scene is generated by a computer and stored by the imaging system 10, and the control system 20 provides a video signal to the imaging system 30. Preferably, the imaging system 30 includes an array of image sources 3 2:, 3 2 2, 32; the image source may be a cathode ray tube (C. R T) or a liquid crystal display device. Although only three CRTs are shown, it should be understood that any number of CRTs can be used. Η (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Order. Lr—--ίτ This paper size applies to China National g (CNS) Α4 specifications 210 × 297 mm) 405044__η; ___ V. Description of the invention (U) It is under certain optical constraints, depending on the total number of discrete scenes required. The image source 32 also receives control signals from the control system 20. The projection lens system 40 is optically coupled to the imaging system 30. Specifically, the projection system 40 includes a projection subsystem 40 !, 4202, 403 which are each coupled to each image source 3 2:, 3 2 2, 3 2 3. Each projection lens system 40 includes a plurality of projection lenses 4 1, 4 3, 4 5, 4 7, 4 9. The exit pupils 5 2 ^, 5 2 2, 5 2 3 of the image sources 3 2 i, 3 2 2, 3 2 3 are delimited by the front projection lenses 4 9!, 4 9 2, 4 9 3. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the front projection lenses 4 9 :, 4 9 2, 4 9 3 are made by molding the lens from a plastic sheet. The light from the exit pupils 5 2 1, 5 2 2, 5 2 3 is processed by the respective shutter elements 5 0 1, 5 0 2, 5 0 3. The shutter elements 50 are spatial light modulators including a movable slit controlled by a control system 20. Preferably, the shutter element 50 is a liquid crystal device, and the slit is a vertical light modulation unit, which can be selected from about 5 to 8 vertically aligned positions in each shutter element 50. Alternatively, the light modulation unit may be selected from a plurality of two-dimensionally arranged windows in each shutter element. Printed by the Consumer Standards Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Although the shutter element shown is 5 0 1,5 0 2,5 0 3 is on the exit pupil 5 2 1,5 2 2, 5 2 3, but this configuration is not necessary. In fact, the shutter elements 5 0!, 50 2, 5 0 3 can be located behind the front projection lenses 4 9!, 4 9 2, 4 9 3. Preferably, the shutter elements 5 0!, 50 2, 5 0 3 are as close as possible to the exit pupil 5 2 i, 5 2 2, 5 2 3. The closer the shutter element exits the pupil, the more the optical efficiency is lost. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the shutter element is located at an English paper scale away from the front projection lens, and uses the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm). System 405044 _η; ____ 5. The description of the invention is within (1) hours, preferably about half an hour. In operation ', the control system 20 controls the image source 32 and the respective shutter elements 50, so that different video frames are provided on the display for each slit position in the shutter element. Specifically, the video frame is stepwise time multiplexed with the shutter. In this way, for each image source 32, a plurality of pupils are generated. As shown, the plurality of video signals VIDi, VID2, V1D3 are provided to the respective image sources 3 2!, 3 2 2, 3 2 3 by controlling the display driver 22 of the system 20. In addition, the horizontal synchronization (HSync), vertical synchronization (VSync), and video field synchronization (ZSync) signals are processed by the control system 20. Specifically, the display control module 24 receives the H S yn c and V S yn c signals to drive the image source 32. The shutter control module 26 receives the V S yn c and Z S yn c signals and drives the shutter element 4 4 »The V S yn c signal is used to synchronize the video frame of the image source 32 with the slit in the shutter element 50. Although not shown, independent red, green, and blue (RGB) filters can be placed on each of the video sources 32. These color filter elements are preferably used to make color video frames from a wide-spectrum image generator. The display control module 2 4 operates the color filter element. For a specific frame of the image source 32, the projection system 40 projects the image projection P ... P9 ..... P, ..., P24 to the common observation optical lens 55. According to a feature of the present invention, the observation optical lens 55 is a Fresnel lens. The observation optical lens 5 5 focuses each exit pupil on the virtual exit pupil or imaging plane 60 on the observation standard V1 ..... V 2 4 ___9 ___ This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification ( 210X297 mm) n IJI n ^^^ 1 ^^^ 1 I _ ^ n «-I» j— i 1 ^ 1 \ V (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) A7 A7 Central Standards of the Ministry of Economy Printed by the Bureau ’s Consumer Cooperatives 405044 5. Description of Invention (). These observation ports provide the scene of the frame image on the image source. At any period, the inspection optical lens 5 5 provides the scene of the selected pupil from each image source 3 2 to an observation space 6 5. One observer 7 or multiple observers look at each other. Typically, each observer 7 series maintains the left eye 70 L and the right 70 R in the observation space. The distance between the eyes of the pupil (IPD). As shown, there are a plurality of observation ports V 1 ... V 2 4 on the imaging plane 60, each providing a scene of a respective video frame of a respective image source. The optical lens is optimized, so the scene in the slit of the observation space 65 is adjacent to each adjacent scene and the center is separated by a distance D. In order to enhance seamless viewing, where the image appears continuous as the head of the observer moves, the distance D is preferably less than or equal to half of IP D. In the holy scripture, the slit is tied to the observer's eyes between 2 2 and 2 5 with width. In this way, the darkened area of the image in the observer's eyes can be substantially excluded. Therefore, each eye 70 L, 70 R sees a different image source 32 to generate a phantom of a three-dimensional target. In addition to the substantially seamless viewing, the optical system 3 provides extended viewing through a number of viewing ports. To maximize the field of view, the lens array system is as large as practically possible. For example, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the optical system has a focal ratio of f / 1 and its size is equivalent to a 25-inch diagonal monitor β. In order to make the size of the device Minimization, it is preferable to use a folding optical system with a concave mirror as the observation optical lens 5 5. The concave mirror operates as a viewing screen, focusing the light on the respective viewing ports. By using a mirror surface, the optical path can be folded to increase the focal length of the system, while maintaining a fairly close ___ 10_ This paper size is common Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) '~ ~ ^^ 1 —Ln ml t. mt ^^^ 1 ^^^ 1 ^^^ 1 ^^^ 1 1 ^ (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) 405044 V. Description of the invention (gas) Size 5 The best system includes iron The electrically guided strip shutter has an electrically controlled slit that allows only one section of light to pass at a time. The image displayed on CR T is synchronized with the switching of the guide shutter section ', so the appropriate image is provided for each observation section. This projection lens system produces a real image with substantially no distortion at the position of the field lens. The size of this image determines the effective screen size seen by the observer. The field lens 55, which is generally a Fichler lens with a size equal to the effective screen size, has no effect on the real image of the CR. Its function is to produce a real image of a guided shutter on the best viewing plane for the observer. Therefore, the Fresnel lens determines the size of the area where the observer can see the full screen 3 ~~ D image. For practical systems, the viewing area depth can extend several feet beyond the optimal viewing plane. Printed by H－—4— tuf K m · n ml I (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) in the prototype system of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. The pixel resolution is a refresh rate of 30 frames per second on a 25-inch diagonal screen. The preferred viewing distance is about 5 feet, so the screen is opened at an angle of about 20 degrees. The observation eyebox for full-screen 3-D images is approximately 2 feet wide and several feet deep, and can provide 28 different photographic angles. These angles slide through a weak scattering together
C 較佳顯示器的一個特性爲多重景像模式，其中觀察區 域之不同區段可完整成像不同的全螢幕動畫。此爲可能的 ’因爲觀察片段不需受限以顯示一連串稍微不同的攝影角 度。舉例而而言，最左邊的片段可提供在模擬器中整個戰 _ _ 11 本紙張尺度適用中國國家梯準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作衽印製 405044 五、發明説明（/°) 鬥景之全螢幕3 D景像’同時最右邊的片段可用以瞄準戦 場之特定區域。此穣多重景像特徵對娛樂工業尤其有利， 因爲利用一台機器，二個並坐肩坐在一起的遊戲參與者係 被提供以該遊戲之其自己的3 D全螢幕獨立的景色。可製 造用於具有二個並排的觀察箱〔各約一英呎寬）之拱廊遊 戲市場的50英吋螢幕版° 然而，在使投射透鏡系統之出射光瞳毗鄰而無間隙有 實際上的限制。可利用莢式透鏡單向且水平地加長出射光 瞳。莢式透鏡爲一扁平片’通常爲壓克力塑膠’其具有一 連串線條，各線條實際上爲具有半圓形輪廓之非常窄的圓 柱形透鏡。典Μ的萊式透鏡每英吋可具有5〇至線條’ 並用爲單向散射體°此等透鏡一般係使用爲大登幕投影電 視的前螢幕，其中該等線條係垂直裝設以側向加寬螢幕的 視角。只要來自投影透鏡系統4〇的影像在莢式透鏡上產生 實像，則影像本身不會被透鏡散射’只有出射光瞳被散射 。當經由一規則的散射體（如一片毛玻璃）觀察目標物時 ，可看見類似的效果。當經由該玻琨觀察時，離玻璃遙遠 的目標物完全模糊，並推靠著玻璃的手可於另一側淸楚得 見。 對於投影電視系統’可放置莢式透鏡以製造水平伸展 且合倂用於多重投影器系統之眼箱。然而，將不同的攝影 景像合倂在一起會損害3 D效果。一個目標係在提供非常 小量的水平模糊，足以移除縫隙並使各種景像之邊緣柔和 ，但不足以破壞3 D效果。如果縫隙在初始即藉由小心地 12 _ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4规格（210X297公嫠） I ~ - - = I*— ^^1 Μ— -!ί I. — -I ^—^1 ^^1 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 405044 五、發明説明（以） 使投影透鏡系統儘可能緊密地毗鄰而最小化，則一般所需 要爲具有十分之一度角展度單向散射體。實際的萊式透鏡 係由具有爲1.491之折射率壓克力塑膠製出；且產生20至 40度之間的角散射°有可能可製造具有相當小的角散射之 壓克力莢式透鏡，但目前製造特殊設計之鏡片所需的加工 非常昂貴，且在本發明之較佳實施例中，需要調諧透鏡產 生之散射量以達成縫隙的移除與淸楚的3 D成像之前最佳 平衡的能力。 製造具有非常小的角散射的壓克力透鏡之困難係起因 於壓克力1.491與透視周圍之空氣爲1000的折射率差異^ 透鏡之聚焦功率係視透鏡材料與周圔媒介（通常爲空氣） 之間的折射率差異。 第三圖係根據本發明之較佳莢式層狀散射體的槪圖。 該莢式層狀（lenticular sandwich)散射體1 〇 〇包括壓克 力莢式透鏡1 0 2，玻璃片1 0 6以及一層截流之折射率 匹配流體或其他媒介1 0 4，其係壓抵在透鏡之莢式表面 上。密封壁1 0 8提供流體1 0 4外園邊界。 流體1 0 4具有接近壓克力透鏡1 0 2的折射率，且 可輕易改變以調諧整個莢式系統以便在3 D顯示器中產生 所需的光學效果。散射量係藉由匹配流體1 0 4之折射率 加以控制，此流體在市面上有售，折射率係以低至0.004之 增量供應。如果折射率匹配流體1 〇 4具有壓克力莢式透 鏡材料1 0 2相同的折射率，則整個裝置係作用爲無散射 之透明板。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝. 訂 經濟部中央榡準局員工消費合作衽印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210Χ 297公釐） 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印繁 405044 五、發明説明（P) 液體的折射率nl可由下列方程式計算： 其中lpi爲莢式透鏡每英吋之線條數 fl爲莢式透鏡區段之焦距 η爲莢式透鏡材料之折射率（例如：壓克力：1.491) da爲莢式透鏡之所需的半角展度 此種莢式層狀散射體已被使用於較佳之3 D顯示系統 ，並調諧以將縫隙減少至可接受的程度，同時維持良好％ 影像品質及3 D逼真性。另一個好處是所看見之景像Vi、 …、V24之間的轉換是順暢的，當觀察者的頭部了從一邊 移動至另一邊時’造成較少抖動(jerky)以及更多更多的視 覺娛樂效果。 雖然本發明之較佳實施例係採用C R τ影胃_ , 可使用光閥顯示裝置以實行本發明。此種顯示裝:個 例子爲液晶顯示裝置。 第四圖係根據本發明較佳實施例之可使用的胃0月胃胃 產生裝置的示意圖。如所示，一條狀背光1 1 2係與透射 顯示成像表面1 1 0分開。對應於各種觀察角度的^像係 在時間上依序閃映於影像產生裝置1 1 〇上，各影^係佔 用整個營幕。共用背光成像透鏡1 1 5在観察者觀察平'面 中產生顯示條狀背光之影像。如所示，影像平面6 〇上之 景像1 ( V i )的影像I 1係顯示於透射顯示裝置丨丨〇上 ______14___ ^紙張尺度適^中國國家榡準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297,i5~i '' —--- I - —-H 卜 1 n^i ! I -! 1^1 HI leJ (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 405044 五'發明說明（） 。如所示，顯示條狀背光1 1 2之第一背光1 1 2，係問 射以用於投影景像1影像（P1 )。背光1 1 2及透射顯示 器1 1 0之操作係由合適的同步化電子設備1 2 0控制。 透射顯示器110係置於共用透鏡115的平面中， 且不受其影響。各種景像係藉由上述之顯示背光配置或使 用電子快門組構而輸送至空間中適當的觀賞片段。在此結 構中’該等景像亦可分享一共用光學組（common optical train )以降低複雜性並使更容易對更多景像標定（scaiing )0 目前液晶顯示器無法產生時間及多工系統所需之幀率 。然而，目前的CRT技術可操作於較宜時間多工的更快 之幀率。應可了解根據本發明較佳實施例之時間多工系統 可包括產生於透射顯示裝置上之影像的多重投射。 等效 該等熟知此項技術者應可知曉，或可利用日常經驗即 能確認對於在此所需之本發明的特定實施例有許多等效例 。此等及其他所有等效例均欲包含於下列申請專利範圍。 元件符號說明 1 真實世界 3 實際模擬 5 目標物 7 觀察者 12 視頻攝影機 20 控制系統 15 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ----- - 訂--------^*竣 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 _405044 五、發明說明（） A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 30 成像系統 32 影像源 40 投影透鏡系統 41 投影透鏡 43 投影透鏡 45 投影透鏡 47 投影透鏡 49 投影透鏡 50 快門元件 51 出射光瞳 55 觀察光學鏡片 60 成像平面 65 觀察空間 100 莢式層狀散射體 102 壓克力莢式透鏡 104 折射率匹配流體 106 玻璃片 110 成像表面 112 條狀背光 115 成像透鏡 120 同步化電子設備 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝--------訂--------^-^ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐）A feature of the better monitor is the multi-view mode, in which different sections of the observation area can completely image different full-screen animations. This is possible because the observations need not be limited to show a series of slightly different camera angles. For example, the leftmost snippet can provide the entire battle in the simulator _ _ 11 This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) Printed by the staff of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 405044 V. Description of the invention (/ °) Doujing's full-screen 3D scene 'At the same time, the rightmost segment can be used to target a specific area of the market. This multi-view feature is particularly advantageous for the entertainment industry, because with one machine, two game participants sitting side by side are provided with their own 3D full-screen independent view of the game. A 50-inch screen version can be made for the arcade game market with two side-by-side viewing boxes (each about one foot wide). However, there is practicality in adjoining the exit pupil of the projection lens system without a gap. limit. The exit pupil can be extended unidirectionally and horizontally using a pod lens. A pod lens is a flat sheet, usually acrylic plastic, which has a series of lines, and each line is actually a very narrow cylindrical lens with a semicircular outline. A typical M-type lens can have 50 to lines per inch and is used as a unidirectional diffuser. These lenses are generally used as the front screen of a large-screen projection television, where the lines are installed vertically to the side Widen the viewing angle of the screen. As long as the image from the projection lens system 40 produces a real image on the pod lens, the image itself will not be scattered by the lens', and only the exit pupil will be scattered. A similar effect can be seen when viewing the target through a regular scatterer (such as a piece of frosted glass). When viewed through the glass, the object far from the glass is completely blurred, and the hand leaning against the glass can be clearly seen on the other side. For a projection television system 'a pod lens can be placed to make a horizontally stretchable eyebox that is suitable for use in a multiple projector system. However, combining different photographic scenes can impair the 3D effect. One goal is to provide a very small amount of horizontal blur, which is enough to remove the gaps and soften the edges of various scenes, but not enough to destroy the 3D effect. If the gap is at the beginning, please carefully 12 _ This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 size (210X297 cm) I ~--= I * — ^^ 1 Μ—-! Ί I. — -I ^ — ^ 1 ^^ 1 (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) 405044 V. Description of the invention (to) Minimize the projection lens system as close as possible, generally it is necessary to have one tenth Degree angular spreading one-way scatterer. The actual Wright lens is made of acrylic plastic with a refractive index of 1.491; and it produces an angular scattering between 20 and 40 degrees. It is possible to manufacture an acrylic pod lens with a relatively small angular scattering. However, the processing required to manufacture a specially designed lens is very expensive, and in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the amount of scattering generated by the lens needs to be tuned to achieve the best balance between the removal of the gap and the sophisticated 3D imaging ability. The difficulty in manufacturing an acrylic lens with very small angular scattering is due to the refractive index difference between acrylic 1.491 and the air around the perspective of 1000 ^ The focusing power of the lens depends on the lens material and the surrounding medium (usually air) Refractive index difference between. The third diagram is a hologram of a preferred pod-like layered scatterer according to the present invention. The lenticular sandwich scatterer 100 includes an acrylic pod lens 102, a glass sheet 106, and a layer of intercepted refractive index matching fluid or other medium 104, which is pressed against Pod-like surface of the lens. The sealing wall 10 8 provides a fluid 10 4 outer circle boundary. Fluid 104 has a refractive index close to that of acrylic lens 102, and can be easily changed to tune the entire pod system to produce the desired optical effect in a 3D display. The amount of scattering is controlled by matching the refractive index of the fluid 104, which is commercially available. The refractive index is supplied in increments as low as 0.004. If the refractive index matching fluid 104 has the same refractive index as the acrylic pod lens material 102, the entire device functions as a transparent plate without scattering. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page.) Binding. Ordered by the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Central Bureau of Standards and Consumers' cooperation. Printed on this paper. Applicable to China National Standard (CNS) Α4 size (210 × 297 mm). Bureau Consumer Consumption Co., Ltd. Yin Fan 405044 5. Explanation of the Invention (P) The refractive index nl of a liquid can be calculated by the following equation: where lpi is the number of lines per inch of the pod lens, fl is the focal length of the pod lens section, and η is the pod lens. The refractive index of the material (for example: acrylic: 1.491) da is the required half-angle spread of the pod lens. This pod layered scatterer has been used in a better 3D display system and tuned to reduce the gap. To an acceptable level while maintaining good% image quality and 3D fidelity. Another benefit is that the transition between the sights Vi, ..., V24 is smooth, when the observer's head moves from one side to the other, 'cause less jerky and more and more Visual entertainment effect. Although the preferred embodiment of the present invention adopts C R τ shadow stomach, a light valve display device can be used to implement the present invention. This display device: an example is a liquid crystal display device. The fourth figure is a schematic diagram of a stomach-gastric stomach-generating device that can be used according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the strip backlight 1 1 2 is separated from the transmission display imaging surface 1 1 0. The images corresponding to various viewing angles are sequentially reflected in time on the image generating device 110, and each image occupies the entire camp screen. The common backlight imaging lens 1 1 5 produces a bar-shaped backlight image in the observer's viewing plane. As shown, the image I 1 of the scene 1 (V i) on the image plane 60 is displayed on the transmissive display device 丨 丨 14 ^ Paper size is appropriate ^ China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 , i5 ~ i '' —--- I-—-H bu 1 n ^ i! I-! 1 ^ 1 HI leJ (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) 405044 Five 'invention description (). As shown, the first backlight 1 12 showing the strip-shaped backlight 1 1 2 is used for projecting the image 1 of the scene 1 (P1). The operation of the backlight 1 12 and the transmissive display 1 10 is performed by a suitable Synchronized electronic device 1 2 0 control. The transmissive display 110 is placed in the plane of the common lens 115 and is not affected by it. Various scenes are delivered into the space through the display backlight configuration described above or using an electronic shutter configuration. Appropriate viewing clips. In this structure, 'these scenes can also share a common optical train to reduce complexity and make it easier to calibrate more scenes. At present, LCD monitors cannot generate time. And multiplexing system required frame rate. However, the current CRT technology can operate at a more suitable time It should be understood that the time multiplexing system according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention may include multiple projections of the images generated on the transmissive display device. Equivalently those skilled in the art should be aware that Or you can use daily experience to confirm that there are many equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention required here. These and all other equivalents are intended to be included in the scope of the following patent applications. Explanation of Symbols 1 Real World 3 Actual simulation 5 Target 7 Observer 12 Video camera 20 Control system 15 This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) --- --Order -------- ^ * Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs _405044 V. Description of Invention () A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 30 Imaging System 32 Imaging Source 40 Projection lens system 41 Projection lens 43 Projection lens 45 Projection lens 47 Projection lens 49 Projection lens 50 Shutter element 51 Exit pupil 55 Observation optical lens 60 Imaging flat Surface 65 Observation Space 100 Pod Layered Diffuser 102 Acrylic Pod Lens 104 Refractive Index Matching Fluid 106 Glass Sheet 110 Imaging Surface 112 Strip Backlight 115 Imaging Lens 120 Synchronized Electronic Equipment (Please read the precautions on the back first (Fill in this page) Loading -------- Order -------- ^-^ This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm)