這裡將詳細地對示例性實施例進行說明，其示例表示在圖式中。下面的描述涉及圖式時，除非另有表示，不同圖式中的相同數字表示相同或相似的要素。以下示例性實施例中所描述的實施方式並不代表與本說明書一個或多個實施例相一致的所有實施方式。相反，它們僅是與如所附申請專利範圍中所詳述的、本說明書一個或多個實施例的一些態樣相一致的裝置和方法的例子。
需要說明的是：在其他實施例中並不一定按照本說明書示出和描述的順序來執行相應方法的步驟。在一些其他實施例中，其方法所包括的步驟可以比本說明書所描述的更多或更少。此外，本說明書中所描述的單個步驟，在其他實施例中可能被分解為多個步驟進行描述；而本說明書中所描述的多個步驟，在其他實施例中也可能被合併為單個步驟進行描述。
圖1是一示例性實施例提供的一種區塊發佈方法的流程圖。如圖1所示，該方法應用於區塊鏈節點，可以包括以下步驟：
步驟102，調用用於生成字符序列的智慧合約，所述智慧合約被用於為區塊鏈節點生成隨機字符序列。
在一實施例中，智慧合約中可以預先寫入生成隨機字符序列的處理邏輯，使得該智慧合約被調用後，可以基於上述的處理邏輯自動為區塊鏈節點生成隨機字符序列。由於智慧合約上的處理邏輯為公開內容，並且整個處理過程由智慧合約自動完成、不存在人工干預，使得能夠確保生成的隨機字符序列的隨機性，避免暗箱操作或作弊行為。
在一實施例中，隨機字符序列並非完全“隨機”，仍然可以符合一定的預設規則，比如該預設規則可以包括字符數量、字符類型、字符的取值範圍等，本說明書並不對此進行限制。例如，預設規則可以限制隨機字符序列為8位數字，則智慧合約生成的隨機字符序列可以為“45614381”，而不會生成“ax0642f0”；又例如，預設規則可以限制隨機字符序列為5位數字+3位字母，則智慧合約生成的隨機字符序列可以為“ax0642f0”，而不會生成序列“45614381”。其中，當隨機字符序列符合上述的預設規則時，下述的目標字符序列同樣符合該預設規則，以使得隨機字符序列與目標字符序列在結構、形式上保持一致，確保隨機字符序列與目標字符序列之間具有可比性。
在一實施例中，區塊鏈中存在多個區塊鏈節點，智慧合約為不同區塊鏈節點生成的隨機字符序列應當相互區別，以避免不止一個區塊鏈節點的隨機字符序列與目標字符序列相匹配，確保僅一個區塊鏈節點生成的預備區塊被記錄為區塊鏈的最新區塊。
步驟104，將所述隨機字符序列與所述區塊鏈節點的身份資訊相關聯地發佈至區塊鏈，其中所述隨機字符序列的發佈時刻早於目標字符序列的發佈時刻。
在一實施例中，區塊鏈節點可以通過在區塊鏈的客戶端上創建交易，以基於該交易將所述隨機字符序列與所述區塊鏈節點的身份資訊相關聯地發佈至區塊鏈上，成為區塊鏈的分散式資料庫中的一筆資料。
需要指出的是：區塊鏈中的交易，存在狹義的交易以及廣義的交易之分。狹義的交易是指用戶向區塊鏈發佈的一筆價值轉移；例如，在傳統的比特幣區塊鏈網路中，交易可以是用戶在區塊鏈中發起的一筆轉帳。而廣義的交易是指用戶向區塊鏈發佈的一筆具有業務意圖的業務資料；例如，運營方可以基於實際的業務需求搭建一個聯盟鏈，依託於聯盟鏈部署一些與價值轉移無關的其它類型的在線業務(比如，事件預測、租房業務、車輛調度業務、保險理賠業務、信用服務、醫療服務等)，而在這類聯盟鏈中，交易可以是用戶在聯盟鏈中發佈的一筆具有業務意圖的業務訊息或者業務請求。本說明書中的交易，應當傾向於理解為廣義上的交易。
在一實施例中，由於區塊鏈採用分散式資料庫，使得發佈至區塊鏈上的隨機字符序列無法被篡改，從而可以對每個區塊鏈節點對應的隨機字符序列均實現可靠記錄。
在一實施例中，本說明書可使區塊鏈節點爭奪區塊鏈的最新區塊的記帳權，而區塊鏈上的其他區塊的記帳權已經確定，那麼可由這些具備記帳權的區塊鏈節點負責將上述包含隨機字符序列和區塊鏈節點的身份資訊的交易寫入相應的區塊中，並發佈至區塊鏈。換言之，步驟104中並不一定由上述區塊鏈節點直接將隨機字符序列和其身份資訊相關聯地發佈至區塊鏈，也可能由其他區塊鏈節點實施該發佈操作，這取決於哪個區塊鏈節點具備相關區塊的記帳權。
在一實施例中，可以將所述隨機字符序列反饋至所述區塊鏈節點，由區塊鏈節點確定是否需要採用該隨機字符序列。在一種情況下，如果確認需要採用該隨機字符序列，區塊鏈節點可以將該隨機字符序列與自身的身份資訊相關聯地發佈至區塊鏈。在另一種情況下，如果不認可當前生成的隨機字符序列，區塊鏈節點可以重新調用所述智慧合約，由該智慧合約重新生成一隨機字符序列，以對該區塊鏈節點對應的隨機字符序列進行更新；當然，如果區塊鏈仍然不認可，可以繼續重新調用所述智慧合約，直至得到滿意的隨機字符序列。
在一實施例中，隨機字符序列的發佈時刻應當早於目標字符序列的發佈時刻，否則將導致隨機字符序列的隨機性存疑，譬如可能是獲取了目標字符序列的情況下，將相同的字符序列偽裝為隨機字符序列並發佈至區塊鏈，而並非真正由上述的智慧合約所生成。
步驟106，在所述隨機字符序列匹配於所述目標字符序列的情況下，將生成的預備區塊在區塊鏈內進行全網廣播；其中，當所述隨機字符序列被驗證為匹配於所述目標字符序列且對應的發佈時刻為全網最早時，所述預備區塊被記錄為所述區塊鏈的最新區塊。
在一實施例中，當區塊鏈節點A收到來自區塊鏈節點B的預備區塊時，通過將該區塊鏈節點B對應的隨機字符序列1與目標字符序列進行比較，即可確定該隨機字符序列1是否匹配於目標字符序列。如果區塊鏈節點A還收到來自區塊鏈節點C的預備區塊，並且該區塊鏈節點C對應的隨機字符序列2也匹配於目標字符序列，區塊鏈節點A可以比較隨機字符序列1與隨機字符序列2的發佈時刻，以確定相對更早發佈的隨機字符序列。通過上述方式，假定區塊鏈節點A確定出區塊鏈節點B對應的隨機字符序列1匹配於目標字符序列，並且在所有匹配於目標字符序列的隨機字符序列中，區塊鏈節點B對應的隨機字符序列1的發佈時刻最早，即可判定該隨機字符序列1符合“被驗證為匹配於所述目標字符序列且對應的發佈時刻為全網最早”，因此區塊鏈節點A可以將來自區塊鏈節點B的預備區塊記錄為區塊鏈的最新區塊；類似地，其他區塊鏈節點也可以基於上述方式將來自區塊鏈節點B的預備區塊記錄為區塊鏈的最新區塊，相當於該區塊鏈節點B爭奪到了區塊鏈中的記帳權，實現了各個區塊鏈節點之間的共識。
在一實施例中，由於隨機字符序列由智慧合約隨機生成，使得區塊鏈節點之間的共識過程不依賴於各個區塊鏈節點的算力，使得即便區塊鏈節點掌握了全網51%或更多的算力，仍然無法掌控區塊鏈內的記帳權，避免算力強大的區塊鏈節點作惡。
在一實施例中，可以將包含所述隨機字符序列與所述區塊鏈節點的身份資訊的交易發佈至區塊鏈，從而使得該隨機字符序列與該區塊鏈節點的身份資訊被相關聯地發佈至區塊鏈。其中，所述預備區塊中可以包含所述交易的流水號或其他特徵標識，使接收到所述預備區塊的區塊鏈節點能夠根據所述流水號或其他特徵標識從區塊鏈中查找所述交易，從而獲取到所述隨機字符序列及其發佈時刻，並該隨機字符序列與目標字符序列的發佈順序、匹配情況等進行驗證。
在一實施例中，所述目標字符序列可以由預言機(Oracle)節點發佈至所述區塊鏈。由於預言機節點提供的資料被認為絕對可靠，因而可以確保該目標字符序列的真實性。
在一實施例中，預言機可以從鏈外對象處獲取該目標字符序列，例如鏈外對象可以通過電腦隨機生成該目標字符序列，或者鏈外對象可以控制實體設備依次隨機釋放若干球體、每一球體與字符之間一一對應，從而由各個球體的釋放順序及每個球體所對應的字符構成目標字符序列。
在一實施例中，所述目標字符序列由預言機節點通過調用所述用於生成字符序列的智慧合約而生成。由於上述的智慧合約內置隨機生成字符序列的處理邏輯，因而預言機節點可以通過調用該智慧合約，使其隨機生成目標字符序列。
在一實施例中，預言機節點可以通過將目標字符序列在全網廣播，以由具備記帳權的區塊鏈節點發佈至區塊鏈中。在另一實施例中，預言機節點可以默認為具備記帳權，可以直接將目標字符序列發佈至區塊鏈中。
在一實施例中，可以向所述區塊鏈發佈與所述隨機字符序列相關聯的資產凍結憑證，所述資產凍結憑證表明所述區塊鏈節點持有的不少於預設數額的區塊鏈資產處於凍結狀態；其中，當所述隨機字符序列不存在相關聯的資產凍結憑證時，所述隨機字符序列被判定為無效資訊。通過要求提供資產凍結憑證，可以對參與爭奪記帳權的區塊鏈節點設置一定的參與門檻，排除持有的區塊鏈資產不足的區塊鏈節點(不法分子可能為了作惡而臨時創建一些專用於參與爭奪記帳權的區塊鏈節點，以此增加命中目標字符序列的機率)，提高區塊鏈節點的作惡成本。
在一實施例中，可以將隨機字符序列、區塊鏈節點的身份資訊和資產凍結憑證包含於同一交易中，以表明該資產凍結憑證與隨機字符序列之間的關聯關係。在另一實施例中，可以在資產凍結憑證所處的交易中添加上述包含隨機字符序列和區塊鏈節點的身份資訊的交易的流水號，或者在上述包含隨機字符序列和區塊鏈節點的身份資訊的交易中添加資產凍結憑證所處的交易的流水號，這取決於這兩個交易之間的發佈順序，即較早發佈的交易的流水號可以被添加至較晚發佈的交易中。
在一實施例中，在所述隨機字符序列匹配於所述目標字符序列的情況下，所述資產凍結憑證對應的區塊鏈資產被解凍並歸還至所述區塊鏈節點。
在一實施例中，在所述隨機字符序列不匹配於所述目標字符序列的情況下，所述資產凍結憑證對應的區塊鏈資產被從所述區塊鏈節點處扣除，以作為參與爭奪記帳權的成本。
在一實施例中，所述區塊鏈節點可以僅存在一個對應的隨機字符序列，即每一區塊鏈節點僅存在一次爭奪記帳權的機會，所有區塊鏈節點爭得記帳權的機率一致。
在一實施例中，所述區塊鏈節點可以存在多個對應的隨機字符序列，每一隨機字符序列分別存在對應的資產凍結憑證；換言之，區塊鏈節點可以通過提供多份資產凍結憑證，以取得多個隨機字符序列，有助於提升該區塊鏈節點爭得記帳權的機率。其中，在所述區塊鏈節點對應的任一隨機字符序列匹配於所述目標字符序列的情況下，可以將生成的預備區塊在區塊鏈內進行全網廣播；相應地，當所述區塊鏈節點對應的任一隨機字符序列被驗證為匹配於所述目標字符序列且對應的發佈時刻為全網最早時，所述預備區塊被記錄為所述區塊鏈的最新區塊。
為了便於理解，下面以區塊鏈內的區塊鏈節點為例，對本說明書的區塊發佈方案進行描述。圖2是一示例性實施例提供的一種區塊鏈網路的結構示意圖；如圖2所示，假定區塊鏈中存在區塊鏈節點21、區塊鏈節點22、區塊鏈節點23和區塊鏈節點24等，該區塊鏈節點21~24之間可以相互通訊，比如圖2所示的兩兩節點之間均可以實現通訊，也可能存在部分節點之間需要通過其他節點作為中繼而實現通訊，本說明書並不對此進行限制。在一實施例中，區塊鏈節點21~23可以為普通節點，區塊鏈節點24可以為預言機節點，區塊鏈節點21~23在區塊鏈中發佈的交易被認為不可信，而作為預言機節點的區塊鏈節點24在區塊鏈中發佈的交易被認為絕對可信。
基於圖2所示的區塊鏈網路，圖3是一示例性實施例提供的一種確定記帳權的流程示意圖。對於諸如上述區塊鏈節點21~24等區塊鏈網路中的任一區塊鏈節點，可以通過如圖3所示的方式爭奪區塊鏈中最新區塊的記帳權，該過程可以包括以下步驟：
步驟302，生成資產凍結憑證。
在一實施例中，以區塊鏈節點21為例：該區塊鏈節點21可以對自身持有的預設數額的區塊鏈資產進行凍結；例如，區塊鏈節點21可以將該預設數額的區塊鏈資產轉入預定義的資產凍結帳戶，並獲得相應的資產凍結憑證。
在一實施例中，區塊鏈節點21可以將資產凍結憑證向區塊鏈進行發佈，使得該資產凍結憑證被記錄至各個區塊鏈節點分別維護、內容統一的區塊鏈帳本中。
步驟304，獲取隨機數字串。
在一實施例中，以區塊鏈節點21為例：該區塊鏈節點21可以調用智慧合約，該智慧合約預先定義了生成隨機數字串的功能邏輯，使得該智慧合約可以基於該功能邏輯自動生成區塊鏈節點21對應的隨機數字串。智慧合約中約束了隨機數字串的長度，比如隨機數字串可以為128位數字串。由於智慧合約被發佈於區塊鏈上，使得智慧合約中定義的功能邏輯為公開資料，從而確保對於隨機數字串的生成結果客觀、公平，避免人為干預造成的暗箱操作等情況。
假定區塊鏈節點21對應於隨機數字串L1。其中，當區塊鏈節點21對智慧合約生成的隨機數字串不滿意時，可以通過多次反復調用該智慧合約，直至獲得滿足的隨機數字串，以作為上述的隨機數字串L1。類似地，每一區塊鏈節點均可以通過調用上述的智慧合約，獲得相應的隨機數字串。
在一實施例中，區塊鏈節點21可以將自身對應的隨機數字串L1發佈至區塊鏈，以表明該區塊鏈節點21與該隨機數字串L1之間的對應關係，並且可以獲取該隨機數字串L1的發佈時刻(通過時間戳表徵)。那麼，即便不同區塊鏈節點對應的隨機數字串L1相同，也可以通過發佈時刻的差異進行比較，實現對記帳權的爭奪與確認。
步驟306，獲取目標數字串。
在一實施例中，可由預言機節點24獲取目標數字串，並將該目標數字串發佈至區塊鏈；相應地，各個區塊鏈節點可以從區塊鏈上讀取該目標數字串，從而獲取該目標數字串。
在一實施例中，預言機節點24可以通過調用上述的智慧合約，使得該智慧合約可以自動且隨機生成一數字串，譬如一個8位數字串，以作為上述的目標數字串。在另一實施例中，預言機節點24可以接收鏈外對象傳入的目標數字串，譬如該目標數字串可由鏈外對象通過隨機算法生成。
步驟308，確定隨機數字串與目標數字串是否相匹配。
在一實施例中，每一區塊鏈節點可以將自身對應的隨機數字串與目標數字串進行比較，以確定兩者是否相匹配；其中，當隨機數字串與目標數字串相同時，可以判定為該隨機數字串與目標數字串相匹配。
步驟310，當隨機數字串與目標數字串相匹配時，向全網廣播區塊鏈節點自身生成的預備區塊，並接收其他區塊鏈節點廣播的預備區塊。
在一實施例中，以區塊鏈節點21為例：當區塊鏈節點21確定自身對應的隨機數字串1與目標數字串相匹配時，該區塊鏈節點21可以將生成的預備區塊進行全網廣播，使得區塊鏈節點22~24等均能夠接收到該預備區塊。其中，區塊鏈節點21可以在任意時刻生成該預備區塊，比如在步驟310之前已經生成該預備區塊，或者可以在確認隨機數字串1與目標數字串相匹配時生成該預備區塊，本說明書並不對此進行限制。
以區塊鏈節點22為例：當區塊鏈節點22確定自身對應的隨機數字串2與目標數字串不匹配時，該區塊鏈節點22可以忽略自身已生成的預備區塊，或者終止原本正在或準備實施的預備區塊生成操作。其中，區塊鏈節點22可以接收到上述區塊鏈節點21廣播的預備區塊。
以區塊鏈節點23為例：當區塊鏈節點23確定自身對應的隨機數字串3與目標數字串相匹配時，該區塊鏈節點23可以將生成的預備區塊進行全網廣播，使得區塊鏈節點21-22、24等均能夠接收到該預備區塊。其中，區塊鏈節點23還可以接收到上述區塊鏈節點21廣播的預備區塊。
步驟312，選取最新區塊並寫入區塊鏈。
在一實施例中，區塊鏈節點21~24等分別在本地維護一區塊鏈帳本，每一區塊鏈節點可以分別確定最新區塊，並將該最新區塊寫入自身維護的區塊鏈帳本中，從而實現對該區塊鏈帳本的內容維護。
以區塊鏈節點21為例：假定區塊鏈節點21收到區塊鏈節點23廣播的預備區塊；為了便於區分，可以設定該區塊鏈節點21自身生成了預備區塊B1、區塊鏈節點23生成了預備區塊B2。
一態樣，區塊鏈節點21可以對預備區塊B2進行檢驗，可以包括：
1、根據預備區塊B2中包含的交易流水號，從區塊鏈中讀取該交易流水號對應的交易及其交易內容，該交易內容包括該區塊鏈節點23對應的隨機數字串，區塊鏈節點21可以檢驗該隨機數字串是否與目標數字串相匹配；若不匹配，可以忽略預備區塊B2。
2、上述交易內容中如果包括區塊鏈節點23對應的凍結資產憑證，則認為該交易內容包含的隨機數字串有效；否則，可以忽略預備區塊B2。當然，凍結資產憑證也可以通過獨立的交易發佈至區塊鏈中，並且其交易流水號可以被記錄於上述的預備區塊B2中，從而使得區塊鏈節點21據此獲取區塊鏈節點23對應的凍結資產憑證。
3、上述交易內容包含隨機數字串的發佈時刻，該隨機數字串的發佈時刻應當早於目標數字串的發佈時刻。
4、上述交易內容包含的隨機數字串應當沒有被用於爭奪其他區塊的記帳權，比如該隨機數字串的發佈時刻應當晚於前一區塊對應的目標數字串的發佈時刻。
另一態樣，區塊鏈節點21可以對區塊鏈節點21對應的隨機數字串的發佈時刻、區塊鏈節點23對應的隨機數字串的發佈時刻進行比較：當區塊鏈節點21對應的隨機數字串的發佈時刻早於區塊鏈節點23對應的隨機數字串的發佈時刻時，區塊鏈節點21可以將預備區塊B1寫入自身維護的區塊鏈帳本中；反之，則區塊鏈節點21可以將預備區塊B2寫入自身維護的區塊鏈帳本中。
類似地，當區塊鏈節點22分別收到區塊鏈節點21廣播的預備區塊B1、區塊鏈節點23廣播的預備區塊B2時，也可以通過上述方式分別對預備區塊B1預備區塊B2進行檢驗，並基於區塊鏈節點21、區塊鏈節點23分別對應的隨機數字串的發佈時刻的順序，確定將通過檢驗且全網最先發佈的預備區塊寫入自身維護的區塊鏈帳本中。
因此，區塊鏈網路中的每一區塊鏈節點分別通過諸如圖3所示的方式，即可參與到對於各個區塊的記帳權的爭奪，並且由於所有資料均為公開、不可篡改、可驗證，從而能夠確保各個區塊鏈節點向自身維護的區塊鏈帳本中寫入的區塊具有相同內容，實現了對區塊鏈帳本的全網統一管理與維護。
圖4是一示例性實施例提供的一種設備的示意結構圖。請參考圖4，在硬體層面，該設備包括處理器402、內部匯流排404、網路介面406、記憶體408以及非揮發性儲存器410，當然還可能包括其他業務所需要的硬體。處理器402從非揮發性儲存器410中讀取對應的電腦程式到記憶體408中然後運行，在邏輯層面上形成區塊發佈裝置。當然，除了軟體實現方式之外，本說明書一個或多個實施例並不排除其他實現方式，比如邏輯裝置抑或軟硬體結合的方式等，也就是說以下處理流程的執行主體並不限定於各個邏輯單元，也可以是硬體或邏輯裝置。
請參考圖5，在軟體實施方式中，該區塊發佈裝置可以包括：
調用單元51，調用用於生成字符序列的智慧合約，所述智慧合約被用於為區塊鏈節點生成隨機字符序列；
第一發佈單元52，將所述隨機字符序列與所述區塊鏈節點的身份資訊相關聯地發佈至區塊鏈，其中所述隨機字符序列的發佈時刻早於目標字符序列的發佈時刻；
廣播單元53，在所述隨機字符序列匹配於所述目標字符序列的情況下，將生成的預備區塊在區塊鏈內進行全網廣播；其中，當所述隨機字符序列被驗證為匹配於所述目標字符序列且對應的發佈時刻為全網最早時，所述預備區塊被記錄為所述區塊鏈的最新區塊。
可選的，所述第一發佈單元52具體用於：
將包含所述隨機字符序列與所述區塊鏈節點的身份資訊的交易發佈至區塊鏈；
其中，所述預備區塊中包含所述交易的流水號，使接收到所述預備區塊的區塊鏈節點根據所述流水號從區塊鏈中查找所述交易，以對所述隨機字符序列及其發佈時刻進行驗證。
可選的，所述目標字符序列由預言機節點發佈至所述區塊鏈。
可選的，所述目標字符序列由預言機節點通過調用所述用於生成字符序列的智慧合約而生成。
可選的，還包括：
第二發佈單元54，向所述區塊鏈發佈與所述隨機字符序列相關聯的資產凍結憑證，所述資產凍結憑證表明所述區塊鏈節點持有的不少於預設數額的區塊鏈資產處於凍結狀態；
其中，當所述隨機字符序列不存在相關聯的資產凍結憑證時，所述隨機字符序列被判定為無效資訊。
可選的，
在所述隨機字符序列匹配於所述目標字符序列的情況下，所述資產凍結憑證對應的區塊鏈資產被解凍並歸還至所述區塊鏈節點；
在所述隨機字符序列不匹配於所述目標字符序列的情況下，所述資產凍結憑證對應的區塊鏈資產被從所述區塊鏈節點處扣除。
可選的，所述區塊鏈節點存在多個對應的隨機字符序列，每一隨機字符序列分別存在對應的資產凍結憑證；所述廣播單元53具體用於：
在所述區塊鏈節點對應的任一隨機字符序列匹配於所述目標字符序列的情況下，將生成的預備區塊在區塊鏈內進行全網廣播；
其中，當所述區塊鏈節點對應的任一隨機字符序列被驗證為匹配於所述目標字符序列且對應的發佈時刻為全網最早時，所述預備區塊被記錄為所述區塊鏈的最新區塊。
上述實施例闡明的系統、裝置、模組或單元，具體可以由電腦晶片或實體實現，或者由具有某種功能的產品來實現。一種典型的實現設備為電腦，電腦的具體形式可以是個人電腦、膝上型電腦、蜂巢式電話、相機電話、智慧電話、個人數位助理、媒體播放器、導航設備、電子郵件收發設備、遊戲控制台、平板電腦、可穿戴設備或者這些設備中的任意幾種設備的組合。
在一個典型的配置中，電腦包括一個或多個處理器(CPU)、輸入/輸出介面、網路介面和記憶體。
記憶體可能包括電腦可讀媒體中的非永久性儲存器，隨機存取記憶體(RAM)和/或非揮發性記憶體等形式，如唯讀記憶體(ROM)或快閃記憶體(flash RAM)。記憶體是電腦可讀媒體的示例。
電腦可讀媒體包括永久性和非永久性、可行動和非可行動媒體可以由任何方法或技術來實現資訊儲存。資訊可以是電腦可讀指令、資料結構、程式的模組或其他資料。電腦的儲存媒體的例子包括，但不限於相變記憶體(PRAM)、靜態隨機存取記憶體(SRAM)、動態隨機存取記憶體(DRAM)、其他類型的隨機存取記憶體(RAM)、唯讀記憶體(ROM)、電可抹除可程式化唯讀記憶體(EEPROM)、快閃記憶體或其他記憶體技術、唯讀光碟唯讀記憶體(CD-ROM)、數位多功能光碟(DVD)或其他光學儲存、磁盒式磁帶、磁碟儲存、量子儲存器、基於石墨烯的儲存媒體或其他磁性儲存設備或任何其他非傳輸媒體，可用於儲存可以被計算設備存取的資訊。按照本文中的界定，電腦可讀媒體不包括暫存電腦可讀媒體(transitory media)，如調變的資料訊號和載波。
還需要說明的是，術語“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他變體意在涵蓋非排他性的包含，從而使得包括一系列要素的過程、方法、商品或者設備不僅包括那些要素，而且還包括沒有明確列出的其他要素，或者是還包括為這種過程、方法、商品或者設備所固有的要素。在沒有更多限制的情況下，由語句“包括一個……”限定的要素，並不排除在包括所述要素的過程、方法、商品或者設備中還存在另外的相同要素。
上述對本說明書特定實施例進行了描述。其它實施例在所附申請專利範圍的範圍內。在一些情況下，在申請專利範圍中記載的動作或步驟可以按照不同於實施例中的順序來執行並且仍然可以實現期望的結果。另外，在圖式中描繪的過程不一定要求示出的特定順序或者連續順序才能實現期望的結果。在某些實施方式中，多工處理和平行處理也是可以的或者可能是有利的。
在本說明書一個或多個實施例使用的術語是僅出於描述特定實施例的目的，而非旨在限制本說明書一個或多個實施例。在本說明書一個或多個實施例和所附申請專利範圍中所使用的單數形式的“一種”、“所述”和“該”也旨在包括多數形式，除非上下文清楚地表示其他含義。還應當理解，本文中使用的術語“和/或”是指並包含一個或多個相關聯的列出項目的任何或所有可能組合。
應當理解，儘管在本說明書一個或多個實施例可能採用術語第一、第二、第三等來描述各種資訊，但這些資訊不應限於這些術語。這些術語僅用來將同一類型的資訊彼此區分開。例如，在不脫離本說明書一個或多個實施例範圍的情況下，第一資訊也可以被稱為第二資訊，類似地，第二資訊也可以被稱為第一資訊。取決於語境，如在此所使用的詞語“如果”可以被解釋成為“在……時”或“當……時”或“響應於確定”。
以上所述僅為本說明書一個或多個實施例的較佳實施例而已，並不用以限制本說明書一個或多個實施例，凡在本說明書一個或多個實施例的精神和原則之內，所做的任何修改、等同替換、改進等，均應包含在本說明書一個或多個實施例保護的範圍之內。Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail here, examples of which are shown in the drawings. When the following description refers to drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numerals in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The implementations described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all implementations consistent with one or more embodiments of this specification. Rather, they are merely examples of devices and methods that are consistent with some aspects of one or more embodiments of this specification, as detailed in the appended patent application.
It should be noted that in other embodiments, the steps of the corresponding method are not necessarily performed in the order shown and described in this specification. In some other embodiments, the method may include more or fewer steps than described in this specification. In addition, the single step described in this specification may be decomposed into multiple steps for description in other embodiments; and the multiple steps described in this specification may also be combined into a single step in other embodiments. description.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a block issuing method provided by an exemplary embodiment. As shown in Figure 1, this method is applied to blockchain nodes and can include the following steps:
In step 102, a smart contract for generating a character sequence is called, and the smart contract is used to generate a random character sequence for a blockchain node.
In one embodiment, the processing logic for generating a random character sequence may be written in advance in the smart contract, so that after the smart contract is called, a random character sequence may be automatically generated for the blockchain node based on the processing logic described above. Since the processing logic on the smart contract is public content, and the entire processing process is automatically completed by the smart contract, there is no human intervention, which can ensure the randomness of the generated random character sequence and avoid dark box operations or cheating.
In an embodiment, the random character sequence is not completely “random”, and can still meet certain preset rules, for example, the preset rules may include the number of characters, the character type, the value range of characters, etc. limit. For example, the preset rule can limit the random character sequence to 8 digits, then the random character sequence generated by the smart contract can be "45614381" instead of generating "ax0642f0"; for another example, the preset rule can limit the random character sequence to 5 Digits + 3 letters, the random character sequence generated by the smart contract can be "ax0642f0" instead of generating the sequence "45614381". Wherein, when the random character sequence conforms to the above-mentioned preset rule, the following target character sequence also conforms to the preset rule, so that the random character sequence and the target character sequence are consistent in structure and form to ensure the random character sequence and the target The character sequences are comparable.
In one embodiment, there are multiple blockchain nodes in the blockchain, and the random character sequences generated by the smart contract for different blockchain nodes should be different from each other to avoid the random character sequence and target characters of more than one blockchain node The sequences match, ensuring that only the preliminary blocks generated by one blockchain node are recorded as the latest blocks of the blockchain.
Step 104: Publish the random character sequence to the blockchain in association with the identity information of the blockchain node, where the release time of the random character sequence is earlier than the release time of the target character sequence.
In one embodiment, the blockchain node may create a transaction on the client of the blockchain to publish the random character sequence to the blockchain based on the transaction in association with the identity information of the blockchain node On the chain, it becomes a piece of data in the distributed database of the blockchain.
It should be pointed out that there are transactions in the narrow sense and transactions in the broad sense in the blockchain. A narrowly defined transaction refers to a value transfer issued by the user to the blockchain; for example, in the traditional Bitcoin blockchain network, the transaction can be a transfer initiated by the user in the blockchain. The generalized transaction refers to a piece of business data released by the user to the blockchain with business intent; for example, the operator can build an alliance chain based on actual business needs, relying on the alliance chain to deploy some other types of irrelevant value transfer Online business (for example, event forecasting, rental business, vehicle scheduling business, insurance claims business, credit service, medical service, etc.), and in this type of alliance chain, the transaction can be a sum of business intent issued by the user in the alliance chain Business message or business request. The transactions in this manual should tend to be understood as transactions in a broad sense.
In one embodiment, since the blockchain uses a distributed database, the random character sequence posted on the blockchain cannot be tampered with, so that the random character sequence corresponding to each blockchain node can be reliably recorded.
In one embodiment, this specification enables blockchain nodes to compete for the accounting rights of the latest block of the blockchain, and the accounting rights of other blocks on the blockchain have been determined, then these blocks with accounting rights The chain node is responsible for writing the above-mentioned transaction containing the random character sequence and the identity information of the blockchain node into the corresponding block and publishing it to the blockchain. In other words, in step 104, the above-mentioned blockchain node does not necessarily directly publish the random character sequence and its identity information to the blockchain, and other blockchain nodes may perform the publishing operation, depending on which area Blockchain nodes have the accounting rights of relevant blocks.
In an embodiment, the random character sequence may be fed back to the blockchain node, and the blockchain node determines whether the random character sequence needs to be adopted. In one case, if it is confirmed that the random character sequence needs to be adopted, the blockchain node may publish the random character sequence to the blockchain in association with its own identity information. In another case, if the currently generated random character sequence is not recognized, the blockchain node can re-invoke the smart contract, and the smart contract regenerates a random character sequence to the random character corresponding to the blockchain node The sequence is updated; of course, if the blockchain is still not recognized, you can continue to call the smart contract again until you get a satisfactory random character sequence.
In an embodiment, the release time of the random character sequence should be earlier than the release time of the target character sequence, otherwise it will cause the randomness of the random character sequence to be doubted, for example, if the target character sequence is acquired, the same character sequence Disguised as a random character sequence and published to the blockchain, it is not really generated by the smart contract mentioned above.
Step 106, in the case where the random character sequence matches the target character sequence, the generated preliminary block is broadcasted on the entire network within the blockchain; wherein, when the random character sequence is verified to match all When the target character sequence is described and the corresponding release time is the earliest in the entire network, the reserve block is recorded as the latest block of the blockchain.
In one embodiment, when the blockchain node A receives the preliminary block from the blockchain node B, it can be determined by comparing the random character sequence 1 corresponding to the blockchain node B with the target character sequence Whether the random character sequence 1 matches the target character sequence. If blockchain node A also receives a preliminary block from blockchain node C, and the random character sequence 2 corresponding to blockchain node C also matches the target character sequence, blockchain node A can compare the random character sequence 1 and the timing of the random character sequence 2 to determine the random character sequence that was released earlier. In the above manner, suppose that blockchain node A determines that the random character sequence 1 corresponding to blockchain node B matches the target character sequence, and among all the random character sequences matching the target character sequence, blockchain node B corresponds to If the release time of the random character sequence 1 is the earliest, it can be determined that the random character sequence 1 conforms to "verified as matching the target character sequence and the corresponding release time is the earliest in the entire network", so the blockchain node A The reserve block of blockchain node B is recorded as the latest block of the blockchain; similarly, other blockchain nodes can also record the reserve block from blockchain node B as the latest area of the blockchain based on the above method The block is equivalent to the blockchain node B competing for the accounting power in the blockchain, and achieving consensus among the various blockchain nodes.
In one embodiment, since the random character sequence is randomly generated by the smart contract, the consensus process between the blockchain nodes does not depend on the computing power of each blockchain node, so that even if the blockchain node masters 51% of the entire network Or more computing power, still unable to control the accounting power in the blockchain, to avoid the evil of blockchain nodes with powerful computing power.
In one embodiment, a transaction including the random character sequence and the identity information of the blockchain node may be posted to the blockchain, so that the random character sequence and the identity information of the blockchain node are associated To the blockchain. Wherein, the preparation block may include the serial number or other characteristic identifier of the transaction, so that the blockchain node that receives the preparation block can search from the blockchain according to the serial number or other characteristic identifier The transaction, thereby obtaining the random character sequence and its release time, and verifying the release order and matching situation of the random character sequence and the target character sequence.
In an embodiment, the target character sequence may be published to the blockchain by an Oracle node. Since the information provided by the oracle node is considered to be absolutely reliable, it can ensure the authenticity of the target character sequence.
In an embodiment, the oracle can obtain the target character sequence from the off-chain object. For example, the off-chain object can randomly generate the target character sequence through a computer, or the off-chain object can control the physical device to randomly release a number of spheres, each There is a one-to-one correspondence between the spheres and characters, so that the release sequence of each sphere and the character corresponding to each sphere constitute the target character sequence.
In one embodiment, the target character sequence is generated by the oracle node by invoking the smart contract used to generate the character sequence. Since the above smart contract has built-in processing logic for randomly generating character sequences, the oracle node can call the smart contract to randomly generate the target character sequence.
In one embodiment, the oracle node can broadcast the target character sequence on the entire network to be released into the blockchain by a blockchain node with accounting rights. In another embodiment, the oracle node can default to the accounting right, and can directly publish the target character sequence to the blockchain.
In an embodiment, an asset freeze certificate associated with the random character sequence may be issued to the blockchain, the asset freeze certificate indicates that the blockchain node holds no less than a preset amount of area Blockchain assets are in a frozen state; wherein, when the random character sequence does not have an associated asset freezing certificate, the random character sequence is determined to be invalid information. By requesting the provision of asset freezing credentials, a certain threshold of participation can be set for the blockchain nodes participating in the competition for accounting rights, excluding the blockchain nodes with insufficient blockchain assets (the criminals may temporarily create some dedicated for evil Blockchain nodes participating in the scramble for billing rights, in order to increase the probability of hitting the target character sequence), and increase the cost of the malicious behavior of the blockchain nodes.
In one embodiment, the random character sequence, the identity information of the blockchain node and the asset freezing certificate can be included in the same transaction to indicate the association between the asset freezing certificate and the random character sequence. In another embodiment, the serial number of the transaction containing the random character sequence and the identity information of the blockchain node may be added to the transaction where the asset freezing certificate is located, or in the transaction containing the random character sequence and the blockchain node. The transaction serial number of the transaction where the asset freezing certificate is located is added to the transaction of the identity information, which depends on the release order between the two transactions, that is, the serial number of the transaction that was released earlier can be added to the transaction that is released later.
In one embodiment, when the random character sequence matches the target character sequence, the blockchain asset corresponding to the asset freezing certificate is unfrozen and returned to the blockchain node.
In one embodiment, in the case where the random character sequence does not match the target character sequence, the blockchain asset corresponding to the asset freezing certificate is deducted from the blockchain node to participate in the competition The cost of accounting rights.
In an embodiment, the blockchain node may only have one corresponding random character sequence, that is, each blockchain node only has one chance to compete for the accounting right, and all blockchain nodes have the same probability of winning the accounting right .
In an embodiment, the blockchain node may have a plurality of corresponding random character sequences, and each random character sequence has a corresponding asset freezing certificate; in other words, the blockchain node may provide multiple asset freezing certificates, In order to obtain multiple random character sequences, it helps to increase the probability of the blockchain node competing for the accounting right. Where any random character sequence corresponding to the blockchain node matches the target character sequence, the generated preliminary block can be broadcasted within the blockchain; accordingly, when the When any random character sequence corresponding to the blockchain node is verified to match the target character sequence and the corresponding release time is the earliest in the entire network, the preliminary block is recorded as the latest block of the blockchain.
For ease of understanding, the following is a description of the block distribution scheme in this specification by taking the block chain nodes in the block chain as an example. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a blockchain network provided by an exemplary embodiment; as shown in FIG. 2, it is assumed that there are a blockchain node 21, a blockchain node 22, a blockchain node 23 and Block chain node 24, etc., the block chain nodes 21~24 can communicate with each other. For example, the two nodes shown in Figure 2 can communicate with each other. There may also be some nodes that need to be used by other nodes. The communication is then implemented, and this manual does not limit this. In one embodiment, the blockchain nodes 21~23 may be ordinary nodes, the blockchain node 24 may be an oracle node, and the transactions issued by the blockchain nodes 21-23 in the blockchain are considered untrustworthy, and The transaction issued by the blockchain node 24 as the oracle node in the blockchain is considered absolutely trustworthy.
Based on the blockchain network shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of determining an accounting right provided by an exemplary embodiment. For any blockchain node in the blockchain network, such as the above-mentioned blockchain nodes 21-24, you can compete for the accounting rights of the latest block in the blockchain by the method shown in Figure 3. This process can include The following steps:
Step 302: Generate an asset freezing certificate.
In an embodiment, taking the blockchain node 21 as an example: the blockchain node 21 can freeze a preset amount of blockchain assets held by itself; for example, the blockchain node 21 can use the preset The amount of blockchain assets is transferred to a pre-defined asset freezing account, and the corresponding asset freezing certificate is obtained.
In an embodiment, the blockchain node 21 may issue the asset freezing certificate to the blockchain, so that the asset freezing certificate is recorded in a blockchain ledger maintained by each blockchain node and having uniform content.
Step 304: Obtain a random number string.
In an embodiment, taking the blockchain node 21 as an example: the blockchain node 21 can call a smart contract, and the smart contract predefines the functional logic for generating a random number string, so that the smart contract can be automatically based on the functional logic Generate a random number string corresponding to the blockchain node 21. The length of the random number string is restricted in the smart contract. For example, the random number string can be a 128-bit number string. Since the smart contract is published on the blockchain, the functional logic defined in the smart contract is public data, thereby ensuring that the generation result of the random number string is objective and fair, and avoids the dark box operation caused by human intervention.
It is assumed that the blockchain node 21 corresponds to the random number string L1. Wherein, when the blockchain node 21 is not satisfied with the random number string generated by the smart contract, it can repeatedly call the smart contract multiple times until a satisfied random number string is obtained as the above-mentioned random number string L1. Similarly, each blockchain node can obtain the corresponding random number string by calling the above smart contract.
In an embodiment, the blockchain node 21 may publish its corresponding random number string L1 to the blockchain to indicate the correspondence between the blockchain node 21 and the random number string L1, and may obtain the Release time of random number string L1 (characterized by time stamp). Then, even if the random number strings L1 corresponding to different blockchain nodes are the same, the difference in the release time can be compared to achieve the contention and confirmation of the accounting right.
Step 306: Obtain the target digital string.
In one embodiment, the oracle node 24 can obtain the target digital string and publish the target digital string to the blockchain; accordingly, each blockchain node can read the target digital string from the blockchain, thereby Get the target digital string.
In one embodiment, the oracle node 24 can call the above-mentioned smart contract so that the smart contract can automatically and randomly generate a number string, such as an 8-bit number string, as the target number string. In another embodiment, the oracle node 24 may receive the target digital string from the off-chain object. For example, the target digital string may be generated by the off-chain object through a random algorithm.
Step 308: Determine whether the random number string matches the target number string.
In an embodiment, each blockchain node can compare its corresponding random number string with the target number string to determine whether the two match; where, when the random number string is the same as the target number string, it can be determined Match the random number string with the target number string.
Step 310, when the random number string matches the target number string, broadcast the prepared block generated by the blockchain node to the entire network, and receive the prepared block broadcast by other blockchain nodes.
In one embodiment, the blockchain node 21 is taken as an example: when the blockchain node 21 determines that its corresponding random number string 1 matches the target number string, the blockchain node 21 can transfer the generated preliminary block The whole network broadcast is carried out, so that the blockchain nodes 22-24 can receive the reserve block. Among them, the blockchain node 21 may generate the reserve block at any time, for example, the reserve block has been generated before step 310, or the reserve block may be generated when it is confirmed that the random number string 1 matches the target number string, This manual does not limit this.
Take the blockchain node 22 as an example: when the blockchain node 22 determines that its corresponding random number string 2 does not match the target number string, the blockchain node 22 can ignore the reserve block it has generated or terminate the original The preliminary block generation operation that is being or is about to be implemented. Among them, the blockchain node 22 may receive the reserve block broadcast by the blockchain node 21.
Take the blockchain node 23 as an example: when the blockchain node 23 determines that its corresponding random number string 3 matches the target number string, the blockchain node 23 can broadcast the generated preliminary block to the whole network, so that Blockchain nodes 21-22, 24, etc. can all receive the reserve block. Among them, the blockchain node 23 can also receive the reserve block broadcast by the blockchain node 21.
In step 312, the latest block is selected and written into the blockchain.
In an embodiment, the blockchain nodes 21-24, etc. maintain a blockchain ledger locally, and each blockchain node can determine the latest block separately and write the latest block to the area it maintains In the blockchain ledger, the content of the blockchain ledger is maintained.
Take the blockchain node 21 as an example: suppose that the blockchain node 21 receives the reserve block broadcast by the blockchain node 23; in order to facilitate the distinction, it can be set that the blockchain node 21 itself generates the reserve block B1, the block The chain node 23 generates the reserve block B2.
In one aspect, the blockchain node 21 can check the preliminary block B2, which may include:
1. According to the transaction serial number contained in the reserve block B2, read the transaction corresponding to the transaction serial number and its transaction content from the blockchain, the transaction content includes the random number string corresponding to the blockchain node 23, the area The blockchain node 21 can check whether the random number string matches the target number string; if it does not match, the preparation block B2 can be ignored.
2. If the above transaction content includes the frozen asset certificate corresponding to the blockchain node 23, the random number string included in the transaction content is considered valid; otherwise, the preliminary block B2 may be ignored. Of course, the frozen asset certificate can also be released to the blockchain through an independent transaction, and its transaction serial number can be recorded in the above-mentioned preliminary block B2, so that the blockchain node 21 can obtain the blockchain node 23 accordingly Corresponding frozen asset certificate.
3. The above transaction content includes the release time of the random number string, and the release time of the random number string should be earlier than the release time of the target number string.
4. The random number string included in the above transaction content should not be used to compete for the accounting rights of other blocks. For example, the release time of the random number string should be later than the release time of the target number string corresponding to the previous block.
On the other hand, the blockchain node 21 can compare the release time of the random number string corresponding to the blockchain node 21 and the release time of the random number string corresponding to the blockchain node 23: when the blockchain node 21 corresponds to When the release time of the random number string is earlier than the release time of the random number string corresponding to the blockchain node 23, the blockchain node 21 can write the reserve block B1 into the blockchain ledger maintained by itself; otherwise, the area The blockchain node 21 may write the reserve block B2 into the blockchain ledger maintained by itself.
Similarly, when the blockchain node 22 receives the reserved block B1 broadcasted by the blockchain node 21 and the reserved block B2 broadcasted by the blockchain node 23, the reserved block B1 can also be reserved in the above manner. Block B2 checks, and based on the sequence of the release times of the random number strings corresponding to Blockchain Node 21 and Blockchain Node 23 respectively, determines that the prepared block that passed the test and is the first to be released by the entire network is written into the area it maintains Blockchain ledger.
Therefore, each blockchain node in the blockchain network can participate in the competition for the accounting power of each block through a method such as shown in Figure 3, and because all the information is public, cannot be tampered with, It can be verified, so as to ensure that the blocks written by each blockchain node to the blockchain ledger maintained by itself have the same content, and realize the unified management and maintenance of the entire blockchain ledger.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a device provided by an exemplary embodiment. Please refer to FIG. 4. At the hardware level, the device includes a processor 402, an internal bus 404, a network interface 406, a memory 408, and a non-volatile storage 410. Of course, it may include hardware required by other businesses. The processor 402 reads the corresponding computer program from the non-volatile memory 410 into the memory 408 and then runs it to form a block issuing device at a logical level. Of course, in addition to the software implementation, one or more embodiments of this specification do not exclude other implementations, such as a logic device or a combination of hardware and software, that is to say, the execution body of the following processing flow is not limited to each The logic unit may also be hardware or logic device.
Please refer to FIG. 5. In the software implementation, the block issuing device may include:
The calling unit 51 calls a smart contract for generating a character sequence, and the smart contract is used to generate a random character sequence for a blockchain node;
The first issuing unit 52 publishes the random character sequence and the identity information of the blockchain node to the blockchain, wherein the release time of the random character sequence is earlier than the release time of the target character sequence;
The broadcasting unit 53, in the case where the random character sequence matches the target character sequence, broadcasts the generated preliminary block within the blockchain throughout the network; wherein, when the random character sequence is verified to match When the target character sequence and the corresponding release time is the earliest in the entire network, the reserve block is recorded as the latest block of the blockchain.
Optionally, the first publishing unit 52 is specifically used to:
Publish the transaction containing the random character sequence and the identity information of the blockchain node to the blockchain;
Wherein, the preliminary block contains the serial number of the transaction, so that the blockchain node that receives the preliminary block searches the transaction from the blockchain according to the serial number to identify the random character The sequence and its release time are verified.
Optionally, the target character sequence is issued to the blockchain by the oracle node.
Optionally, the target character sequence is generated by the oracle node by calling the smart contract used to generate the character sequence.
Optional, also includes:
The second issuing unit 54 issues an asset freezing certificate associated with the random character sequence to the blockchain, the asset freezing certificate indicates that the blockchain node holds not less than a preset amount of blocks Chain assets are in a frozen state;
Wherein, when there is no asset freezing certificate associated with the random character sequence, the random character sequence is determined to be invalid information.
Optional,
When the random character sequence matches the target character sequence, the blockchain asset corresponding to the asset freezing certificate is unfrozen and returned to the blockchain node;
In the case where the random character sequence does not match the target character sequence, the blockchain asset corresponding to the asset freezing certificate is deducted from the blockchain node.
Optionally, the blockchain node has multiple corresponding random character sequences, and each random character sequence has a corresponding asset freezing certificate; the broadcasting unit 53 is specifically configured to:
When any random character sequence corresponding to the blockchain node matches the target character sequence, the generated preliminary block is broadcasted in the entire network within the blockchain;
Where, when any random character sequence corresponding to the blockchain node is verified to match the target character sequence and the corresponding release time is the earliest in the entire network, the reserve block is recorded as the blockchain 'S latest block.
The system, device, module or unit explained in the above embodiments may be implemented by a computer chip or entity, or by a product with a certain function. A typical implementation device is a computer, and the specific form of the computer may be a personal computer, a laptop computer, a cellular phone, a camera phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant, a media player, a navigation device, an email sending and receiving device, and a game control Desk, tablet, wearable device, or any combination of these devices.
In a typical configuration, a computer includes one or more processors (CPUs), input/output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.
Memory may include non-permanent storage in computer-readable media, random access memory (RAM) and/or non-volatile memory, such as read only memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash) RAM). Memory is an example of computer-readable media.
Computer-readable media, including permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media, can store information by any method or technology. The information can be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of programs, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM) , Read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable and programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, read-only disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital multifunction Optical discs (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape cassettes, magnetic disk storage, quantum storage, graphene-based storage media or other magnetic storage devices or any other non-transmission media can be used to store those that can be accessed by computing devices News. According to the definition in this article, computer-readable media does not include temporary computer-readable media (transitory media), such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.
It should also be noted that the terms "include", "include" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, commodity or device that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes Other elements not explicitly listed, or include elements inherent to this process, method, commodity, or equipment. Without more restrictions, the element defined by the sentence "include one..." does not exclude that there are other identical elements in the process, method, commodity, or equipment that includes the element.
The foregoing describes specific embodiments of the present specification. Other embodiments are within the scope of the attached patent application. In some cases, the actions or steps described in the scope of the patent application may be performed in a different order than in the embodiment and still achieve the desired result. Additionally, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require the particular order shown or sequential order to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multiplexing and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.
The terminology used in one or more embodiments of this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit one or more embodiments of this specification. The singular forms "a", "said" and "the" used in the scope of one or more embodiments of the present specification and the appended patent applications are also intended to include most forms unless the context clearly indicates other meanings. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more associated listed items.
It should be understood that although one or more embodiments in this specification may use the terms first, second, third, etc. to describe various information, the information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of one or more embodiments of this specification, the first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, the second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "when" or "when" or "in response to a determination".
The above are only preferred embodiments of one or more embodiments of this specification, and are not intended to limit one or more embodiments of this specification. Anything within the spirit and principle of one or more embodiments of this specification, Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc., should be included within the scope of protection of one or more embodiments of this specification.
