TW201438413A - Isolation communication technology using coupled oscillators/antennas - Google Patents

Abstract

The present subject matter discusses, among other things, electrical isolation, and more particularly wireless electrical isolation methods and apparatus. IN an example, an electrical isolator can include a transmit circuit including a transmit antenna, and a receive circuit including a receive antenna. The transmit circuit can be configured to receive digital data and to modulate a transmit signal with the digital data, and to transmit the transit signal using the transmit antenna. The receive antenna can be configured to receive the transmit signal and to demodulate and provide the digital data from the transmit signal using a demodulation clock signal.

Description

Separate communication technology using coupled oscillator/antenna Priority claims and related applications

The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/767,074, entitled "ISOLATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY USING COUPLED OSCILLATORS/ANTENNAS", filed on February 20, 2013 by Philip J. Crawley. This is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

In particular, the subject matter of the present invention addresses electrical separation and, more particularly, discusses radio separation methods and apparatus.

Prior art across a split barrier communication includes optocouplers and digital separation techniques. Optical couplers work well and meet the requirements of separation testing at the component level, but are not particularly reliable or fast. In addition, optical couplers lack the cost and size provided by CMOS technology to improve with each generation of technology. Existing digital separators provide improved speed and reliability over optical couplers, but are not capable of testing compliance with component level separation standards. In addition, existing separators employing transformers transfer significant energy between the separation components as compared to the low power digital separators described below.

In particular, the subject matter of the present invention addresses electrical separation and, more particularly, discusses radio separation methods and apparatus. In an example, an electrical splitter can include: a transmission circuit, A transmission antenna is included; and a receiving circuit includes a receiving antenna. The transmission circuit is configurable to receive digital data and to modulate a transmission signal with the digital data, and to transmit the transmission signal using the transmission antenna. The receive antenna can be configured to receive the transmit signal and demodulate the digital data from the transmit signal using a demodulated variable clock signal and provide the digital data.

This summary is intended to provide a non-exclusive summary of one of the subject matter of this patent application. It is not intended to provide an exclusive or exhaustive interpretation of the invention. A detailed description is included to provide further information regarding this patent application.

100‧‧‧Instance Digital Separator/Digital Separator/Instance Multichannel Bidirectional Digital Separator

101‧‧‧First integrated circuit or wafer/first integrated circuit wafer/wafer

102‧‧‧Second integrated circuit or wafer/second integrated circuit wafer/wafer

103‧‧‧Single loop transmission inductor

104‧‧‧Single loop receiving inductor

200‧‧‧Instance Digital Separator/Digital Separator

201‧‧‧First integrated circuit

202‧‧‧Second integrated circuit chip

203‧‧‧Transmitter single loop inductor

204‧‧‧Receiver single loop inductor

300‧‧‧Instance Digital Separator/Digital Separator

301‧‧‧First integrated circuit chip

302‧‧‧Second integrated circuit chip

303‧‧‧Circuit Antenna/Transmitter Single Loop Inductor

304‧‧‧Circuit Antenna/Receiver Single Loop Inductor

400‧‧‧Example amplitude modulation digital separator

401‧‧‧Transmitter circuit/transmitter

402‧‧‧Receiver Circuit/Receiver

403‧‧‧Antenna

404‧‧‧Antenna

420‧‧‧Transmission Oscillator

421‧‧‧Transmutation switch

422‧‧‧Power Amplifier

423‧‧‧Low noise amplifier

424‧‧‧Nonlinear filter

425‧‧‧Power Detector

500‧‧‧Separation circuit

501‧‧‧Transporter

502‧‧‧ Receiver

503‧‧‧Antenna

530‧‧‧negative impedance

531‧‧‧ impedance conversion circuit

651‧‧‧Integrated circuit package

652‧‧‧Wave structure

653‧‧‧Wave Trace

654‧‧‧ first

655‧‧‧Second

751‧‧‧Integrated circuit package

752‧‧‧Example tortuous inductor/antenna structure

753‧‧‧Zigzag Trace

754‧‧‧ first

755‧‧‧Second

800‧‧‧Instance Digital Separator/Digital Separator

801‧‧‧First integrated circuit

802‧‧‧Second integrated circuit

803‧‧‧ dipole antenna

804‧‧‧ Dipole antenna

810‧‧‧Insert substrate

900‧‧‧Instance Digital Separator/Digital Separator

901‧‧‧First integrated circuit

902‧‧‧Second integrated circuit

903‧‧‧End load dipole antenna

904‧‧‧End load dipole antenna

910‧‧‧Substrate

D0 _IN ‧‧‧Incoming digital signal/received data

D0 _OUT ‧‧‧Output data

D1 _IN ‧‧‧Incoming digital signal

D _IN ‧‧‧Input digital data

D _OUT ‧‧‧Digital output information

f ₀ ‧‧‧frequency

f ₁ ‧‧‧frequency

L‧‧‧ length

M‧‧‧ distance

RX0‧‧‧Wireless Receiver Circuit/Receiver Circuit

RX1‧‧‧Wireless Receiver Circuit/Receiver Circuit

TX0‧‧‧transmitter circuit/wireless transmitter circuit

TX1‧‧‧Wire Transmitter Circuit/Transmitter Circuit

W _EL ‧‧‧loop end width

In the drawings (which are not necessarily drawn to scale), the same number may describe similar components in different views. The same number with different letter suffixes may indicate different instances of similar components. The drawings illustrate the various embodiments discussed in this document, by way of example and not limitation.

Figure 1A generally illustrates an exemplary digital separator.

FIG. 1B generally illustrates an exemplary multi-channel bidirectional digital separator.

Figure 2 illustrates a top view of an exemplary digital separator.

3A illustrates a top view of one exemplary digital separator having loop antennas facing each other.

Figure 3B generally illustrates a cross section of one of the loop antennas illustrated in Figure 3A.

Figure 4 illustrates generally an exemplary amplitude modulation (AM) digital bit splitter.

Figure 5 illustrates an exemplary AM digital bit splitter that allows the transmitter to operate without a single oscillator.

Figure 6 generally illustrates an integrated circuit package including a waveguide structure for coupling a discrete component of an exemplary digital separator.

Figure 7 generally illustrates an integrated circuit package including an exemplary meandering inductor/antenna structure.

Figure 8 generally illustrates an exemplary digital separator including one of the dipole antennas.

Figure 9 generally illustrates an exemplary digital separator including an end load dipole antenna.

In particular, the present application discusses methods and apparatus for communicating across a split barrier, and more particularly, a split barrier communication that spans the separation compliance of test component levels without significant energy transfer between separate components. Method and equipment. Existing optocoupler technology allows for separation testing of component levels, but is not particularly reliable or fast. In addition, optocoupler technology does not provide the benefits of cost and size CMOS technology that can be improved with each generation of technology. Existing digital splitters that rely on dielectric separation provide speed and reliability, but do not provide the ability to test full component level compliance for separation standards.

The inventors have appreciated that an electrical separation technique that removes the need for a dielectric separation device (e.g., a capacitor or transformer) can provide speed and reliability, and can provide for separation compliance testing at the full component level. ability. In a particular example, the technique can be used to transfer digital data between a high voltage portion and a low voltage portion of a system. For example, the technique can be used to transfer data between two integrated circuits that are electrically separated from one another in addition to the separation technique. The technique can include a wireless implementation via one of the coupled oscillators. Data transfer can be accomplished via an injection-locked coupled oscillator, where a transmit side (TX) can be driven to a known frequency via digital input control and the receive side (RX) can be locked to a known frequency and can demodulate the variable data. In a particular example, an oscillator that injects a lock-couple can take advantage of the benefits of CMOS technology and still be able to meet the separation criteria of the component hierarchy. This technology can be used in a variety of applications including, but not limited to, power conversion, split gate drivers, high speed digital separators, and current sensors.

FIG. 1A generally illustrates an example digital separator 100. The digital separator 100 can include a first integrated circuit or wafer 101 and a second integrated circuit or wafer 102 separated by a distance (M). In a particular example, first integrated circuit die 101 can include a transmitter circuit (TX0) and second integrated circuit die 102 can include a wireless receiver circuit (RX0). An in-phase digital signal (D0 _IN ) can be modulated at a first carrier frequency using a phase locked loop (not shown). In a particular example, the frequency may be in the GHz range, but other ranges are possible and may depend on the application and the technology used. In a particular example, a transmit antenna (such as a single loop transmit inductor 103, 104) can be coupled to the transmitter circuit (TX0) and a receive antenna (such as a single loop receive inductor 104) can be coupled to the receiver Circuit (RX0). In a particular example, the receiver circuit can include an injection locked oscillator (ILO).

In a particular example, the digital separator 100 can be used to transfer information from a first integrated circuit to a second integrated circuit. The separation function of the digital separator 100 can be very useful, for example, in the electrical separation between a first high voltage integrated circuit and a second low voltage integrated circuit. Transmission of the received data (D0 _IN ) may be performed via an oscillator coupled to the lock-coupled coupling, wherein the transmitter circuit (TX0) is driven to a predetermined frequency via digital input control and the receiver circuit (RX0) is lockable to the predetermined frequency And demodulate the variable output data (D0 _OUT ).

FIG. 1B generally illustrates an exemplary multi-channel bidirectional digital separator 100. The digital separator 100 may include a first integrated circuit chip 101 and a second integrated circuit wafer 102 separated by a distance (M). In a particular example, each of the wafers 101, 102 can include a wireless transmitter circuit (TX0, TX1) and a wireless receiver circuit (RX0, RX1). The phase-locked loop can be used to modulate the incoming digital signals (D0 _IN , D1 _IN ) at multiple frequencies (f ₀ , f ₁ ) using one of each of the transmitter circuits (TX0, TX1). In a particular example, the frequencies may be in the GHz range, but other ranges are possible and may depend on the application and the technology used. Each receiver circuit (RX0, RX1) and transmitter circuit (TX0, TX1) may comprise an antenna, such as a single loop inductor. The coupling between a transmitter inductor and a receiver inductor allows the receiver oscillator to lock to the transmitter circuit frequency and demodulate the variable bit data. In a particular example, instead of using a magnetically coupled single loop antenna, a digital splitter can use a resonant antenna to generate and maintain a communication link between the two sides of the digital separator. In a particular example, the use of a resonant antenna simplifies the transmission or receiver circuitry, thereby eliminating one or more amplifiers or filters. In a particular example, the complex impedances of the resonant transmission and receiver circuits can be matched to one another rather than to an arbitrary standard (such as a 50 ohm termination standard) to provide a more efficient communication coupling of the circuit. In particular, if an injection-locked oscillator scheme is used, this coupling can significantly reduce the power consumption of the circuit, so that the scheme does not transmit as much energy as the existing transformer separation scheme. Examples of certain resonant antennas are discussed below.

FIG. 2 illustrates a top view of an exemplary digital separator 200. The digital separator 200 may include one of the transmitter single loop inductor 203 on one of the top surfaces of the first integrated circuit 201 and one of the receiver single loop inductors 204 on one of the top surfaces of the second integrated circuit wafer 202. . FIG. 3A illustrates a top view of one exemplary digital separator 300 having loop antennas 303, 304 facing each other. In a particular example, the digital separator 300 can include a first integrated circuit die 301 and a second integrated circuit die 302. Loop antennas 303, 304 can be fabricated as layers of each individual wafer such that the loops are more directly coupled to each other. FIG. 3B generally illustrates a cross section of one of the loop antennas 304 illustrated in FIG. 3A. In a specific example, the digital separator 300 may include one of the transmitter single-loop inductor 303 on one side surface of the first integrated circuit wafer 301 and one of the side surfaces on one side of the second integrated circuit wafer 302. Single-loop inductor 304. In a particular example, a single loop inductor can provide a high self resonant frequency. In some instances, a narrow single loop can provide a lower self inductance relative to the mutual inductance. In a particular example, the integrated fabrication of single-loop and integrated circuit chips can utilize standard CMOS fabrication processes for fabricating integrated circuit chips.

In a particular example, each side of the digital separator can include a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) coupled to an antenna/inductor for modulating digital data transferred between different halves of the splitter. In a particular example, the injection locking range of a digital separator can be limited. In some instances, the injection locking range can be limited based on the following formula:

Where E can be the voltage of the self-oscillating receiver loop and E ₁ can be the induced voltage from the transmitting antenna/inductor/coil. In a particular example, the coupling coefficient can be extremely low (eg, 1% to 4%). If Q = 7 for a 15 gigahertz (GHz) carrier, the lock range can be between about 10 megahertz (MHz) and about 40 MHz. In a particular example, a direct current (DC) component can be rejected and the other harmonics are greatly attenuated by a phase locked loop (PLL) filter, thus creating a very narrow band system within the locked range. In a particular example, the system can use amplitude modulation (AM) to exchange data. In some examples, an AM digital bit splitter having the same frequency selectivity as the FM digital bit splitter set forth above can include a low noise amplifier having a Q greater than 500.

FIG. 4 generally illustrates an exemplary AM digital bit separator 400 including a transmitter circuit 401 and a receiver circuit 402. In a particular example, transmitter circuit 401 can include a transmit oscillator 420, a modulation switch 421 (such as a transistor), a power amplifier 422, and an antenna 403 or inductor. In a particular example, the modulation switch can be controlled by the input digital data D _IN . In a particular example, receiver circuit 402 can include an antenna 404 or inductor, a low noise amplifier 423, a nonlinear filter 424, and a power detector 425. In a particular example, the low noise amplifier 423 can be tuned to one of the bandpass filters for the transmission frequency. The nonlinear filter 424 can provide a DC output level signal that the power detector 425 can use to provide digital output information (D _OUT ). Transmitter 401 and receiver 402 (including antennas 403, 404) may be physically separate from each other to provide electrical separation between the corresponding circuits coupled to transmitter circuit 401 and receiver circuit 402. The illustrated 1 mm separation is an example of a separate distance. In a particular example, the separation distance may be greater than or less than 1 mm without departing from the scope of the subject matter of the invention. In a particular example, the digital separator includes an encapsulating material that encloses the transmitter circuit 401 and the receiver circuit 402 together.

Figure 5 illustrates an exemplary AM digital bit splitter that allows the transmitter to operate without a single oscillator and allows the receiver 502 to operate without a low noise amplifier. Transmitter 501 can include one of impedance conversion circuit 531 and antenna 503 driven by a negative impedance 530 to maintain self-oscillation. The frequency of the self-oscillation can be designed to be at or near the maximum coupling frequency of the splitter 500. Negative impedance 530 can be enabled/disabled by means of digital data (D _IN ). In a particular example, the example separation circuit 500 can be implemented with a reduced number of components.

Figure 6 generally illustrates an integrated circuit package 651 comprising a waveguide structure 652 for coupling a discrete component of an exemplary digital separator. The waveguide structure 652 can be fabricated on one or more of one or more of the transmitter integrated circuit or the receiver integrated circuit of the digital separator. In a particular example, waveguide structure 652 can include waveguide traces 653 for coupling waveguide structure 652 to a transmitter circuit or a receiver circuit, as well as first and second turns 654, 655. When the length of each turn is significant relative to the signal wavelength, the multi-turn assembly of the waveguide structure can improve the field cancellation effects that are ubiquitous in the loop structures illustrated in Figures 2, 3A, and 3B. The ground echo plane ensures that the field remains between the coil and the plane, where the dielectric constant is higher and therefore the wave propagation time is longer. In a particular example, the length of the waveguide trace can be less than 1 mm. In some examples, the length of the waveguide trace can be approximately 1/16 of the wavelength of the wireless signal. In some examples, the loop end width (W _EL ) may be one-twentieth to one-quarter the length of the waveguide trace (L).

FIG. 7 generally illustrates an exemplary meandering inductor/antenna structure including a separate component for coupling an exemplary digital separator, such as the exemplary digital separator of FIGS. 1A, 1B, 4, and 5. An integrated circuit package 751 of 752. The meandering inductor/antenna structure 752 can be fabricated on one or more of one or more of the transmitter integrated circuit or the receiver integrated circuit of the digital separator. In a particular example, the meandering inductor/antenna structure 752 can include meandering traces 753 for coupling the meandering inductor/antenna structure to the transmitter circuit or receiver circuit, and first and second turns 754, 755. In a particular example, a meandering inductor/antenna structure can be extended to enable a larger phase shift in the wave as it travels and the received wave reaches the end of each column. In a particular example, the self-inductance of each of the back and forth in a column can be cancelled. In a particular example, the first order self inductance can be set by the length L. In some instances, a larger phase shift can enable greater mutual inductance coupling. In a particular example, a meandering inductor/antenna structure 732 can maintain a wave traveling below the metal trace (above the ground plane) to change Good coupling.

FIG. 8 generally illustrates an example digital separator 800 that includes one of dipole antennas 803, 804. In a specific example, the digital separator 800 can include an insulating substrate 810, a first integrated circuit 801, and a second integrated circuit 802. In a particular example, first integrated circuit 801 can include a transmitter and second integrated circuit 802 can include a receiver. In general, a digital separator in accordance with the subject matter of the present invention can be used in an electronic device to transfer information between two circuits or portions of the electronic device while maintaining electrical separation between the two circuits or portions. In a particular example, a dipole antenna can be used with the example circuits of Figures 1A, 1B, 4, and 5. In some instances, a dipole antenna or a resonant dipole antenna can form an oscillation of a corresponding communication component (such as a transmitter or receiver of the exemplary circuit of FIGS. 1A, 1B, 4, and 5) formed thereby. Part of the device. In this configuration, the dipole antenna removes certain communication components associated with a non-resonant antenna and can save considerable die space. In a particular example, the dipole antennas 803, 804 can have a length of less than 1 mm. In some examples, the dipole antenna can be about 0.25 mm or less in length.

FIG. 9 generally illustrates an example digital separator 900 including one of end load dipole antennas 903, 904. In a specific example, the digital separator 900 can include a substrate 910, a first integrated circuit 901, and a second integrated circuit 902. In a particular example, first integrated circuit 801 can include a transmitter and second integrated circuit 802 can include a receiver. In general, a digital separator in accordance with the subject matter of the present invention can be used in an electronic device to transfer information between two circuits or portions of the electronic device while maintaining electrical separation between the two circuits or portions. Additionally, in a particular example, the components of the digital separator shown in Figures 1A, 1B, 4, 5, 8, and 9 can include an encapsulating material to encapsulate and protect the components of the digital separator. Provide connection terminals to external circuits. In a particular example, one end load dipole antennas 903, 904 can be used with the example circuits of Figures 1A, 1 B, 4, and 5. In some examples, an end-loaded dipole antenna or a resonant-end-loaded dipole antenna can form a corresponding communication component formed thereby (such as Figures 1A, 1B, 4, and 5) Part of the oscillator of the transmitter or receiver of an exemplary circuit. In this configuration, the end load dipole antenna removes certain communication components associated with a non-resonant antenna and can save considerable die space. In a particular example, the dipole antennas 803, 804 can have a length of less than 1 mm. In some examples, the dipole antenna can be about 0.25 mm or less in length.

In general, an exemplary digital separator can be fabricated as a system and can include one or more transmitters and one or more corresponding receivers to form a self-contained wireless communication system. For example, one benefit of such a system is that a designer can match each receiver circuit impedance to a corresponding transmitter circuit, or vice versa, rather than matching the impedance of a transmitter or receiver to an industry standard, such as 50 ohms. Thus, the communication system can be designed to minimize space while maintaining speed and reliability. By not limiting the impedance of the components of a digital separator to a particular termination impedance, the antenna can be relatively small and still provide communication and adapt the physical spacing to the performance required to maintain electrical separation.

Unlike optocouplers that are sensitive to extreme temperatures, the example digital separator provides robust separation and data communication over a wide temperature range. In a particular example, a first and second integrated circuit can form an exemplary digital separator. Each of the integrated circuits may include a die comprising circuitry and an antenna separated from the circuit using an insulating material such as polyimide. Instead of using the die space for the antenna, this structure can save die space by stacking antenna and splitter circuits.

Additional notes

In Example 1, an electrical splitter can include: a transmit circuit including a transmit antenna configured to receive digital data and modulate a transmit signal with the digital data, and transmit the transmission using the transmit antenna a signal having a first nominal frequency; and a receiving circuit mechanically coupled to the transmitting circuit, the receiving circuit including a receiving antenna configured to receive the transmitted signal, the receiving circuit configured to Demodulating the digital data from the transmitted signal using a demodulated variable clock signal and providing the digital data material.

In Example 2, the receiving circuit of Example 1 optionally includes an injection-locked oscillator configured to receive the transmission signal and lock to the first nominal frequency to provide the demodulation time Pulse signal.

In Example 3, the injection-locked oscillator of any one or more of Examples 1 to 2 includes the receiving antenna as appropriate.

In Example 4, the transmission antenna of any one or more of Examples 1 to 3 is optionally separated from the receiving antenna by about 1 mm or less.

In Example 5, a first integrated circuit die includes the transmission circuit of any one or more of Examples 1 to 4 as appropriate, and a second integrated circuit die includes any of Examples 1 to 4 as appropriate. One or more of the receiving circuits, and The electrical separator of any one or more of Examples 1 to 4 optionally includes a single encapsulant comprising the first integrated circuit die and the second integrated circuit die.

In Example 6, the transmission antenna of any one or more of Examples 1 to 5 optionally includes a single loop inductor antenna.

In Example 7, the transmission antenna of any one or more of Examples 1 to 6 optionally includes a dipole antenna.

In Example 8, the transmission antenna of any one or more of Examples 1 to 7 optionally includes an end-load dipole antenna.

In Example 9, the transmission circuit of any one or more of Examples 1 to 8 optionally includes a transmission oscillator, and the transmission oscillator optionally includes the transmission antenna.

In Example 10, the receiving antenna of any one or more of Examples 1 through 9 optionally includes a single loop inductor antenna.

In Example 11, the receiving antenna of any one or more of Examples 1 to 10 optionally includes a dipole antenna.

In Example 12, the receiving antenna of any one or more of Examples 1 to 11 is as appropriate. Includes one end load dipole antenna.

In Example 13, the first nominal frequency of any one or more of Examples 1 through 12 is optionally higher than 8 Gigahertz (GHz).

In Example 14, the first nominal frequency of any one or more of Examples 1 through 13 is optionally between about 8 GHz and about 40 GHz.

In Example 15, a system can include: a first circuit; a second circuit adjacent and mechanically coupled to the first circuit; and an electrical splitter configured to be in the first circuit and the first Providing a communication path between the two circuits and maintaining electrical separation between the first circuit and the second circuit; wherein the electrical separator may include: a first transmission circuit including a first transmission antenna, the transmission circuit Configuring to receive a first digital data from the first circuit and modulate a first transmission signal with the first digital data, and transmit the first transmission signal using the first transmission antenna, the first transmission signal having a first a first receiving circuit, comprising: a first receiving antenna configured to receive the first transmitted signal and demodulate the first digit using a first demodulated time-varying signal And providing the first digital data to the second circuit; and a first injection-locked oscillator configured to receive the first transmission signal and lock to the first nominal frequency to provide the first solution Modulate the clock signal.

In Example 16, the electrical separator of any one or more of Examples 1 to 15 optionally includes: a second transmission circuit including a second transmission antenna, the transmission circuit being configured to be from the second The circuit receives the second digit data and modulates a second transmission signal with the second digit data, and transmits the second transmission signal by using the second transmission antenna, the second transmission signal having a second nominal frequency; a receiving circuit comprising: a second receiving antenna configured to receive the second transmission signal and demodulate the second digital data using a second demodulated clock signal and provide the a second digital data to the first circuit; and a second injection-locked oscillator configured to receive the second transmission signal and lock to the second nominal frequency to provide the second demodulation time-varying signal.

In the example 17, the first integrated circuit die may include the first transmission circuit and the second receiving circuit, and the second integrated circuit die may include the second transmission circuit and the first receiving circuit, and The electrical separator of any one or more of Examples 1 to 16 optionally includes a single encapsulant comprising the first integrated circuit die and the second integrated circuit die.

In Example 18, at least one of the first transmit antenna and the second transmit antenna of any one or more of Examples 1-17 optionally includes an end load dipole antenna.

In Example 19, at least one of the first receive antenna and the second receive antenna of any one or more of Examples 1-18 optionally includes an end load dipole antenna.

In Example 20, an electrical splitter can include: a transmit circuit including a transmit antenna configured to receive digital data and modulate a transmit signal with the digital data, and transmit the transmission using the transmit antenna a signal having a first nominal frequency; and a receiving circuit including a receiving antenna configured to receive the transmitted signal and demodulate from the transmitted signal using a demodulated time-varying signal The digital data is derived and provided, and wherein at least one of the transmitting antenna or the receiving antenna comprises a resonant dipole antenna.

In Example 21, the resonant dipole antenna of any one or more of Examples 1 to 20 optionally includes an end-load dipole antenna.

In Example 22, the transmission circuit of any one or more of Examples 1 through 21 optionally includes an amplitude modulation (AM) transmission circuit.

The above detailed description contains a part of the accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in the drawings. The drawings illustrate the specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. These embodiments are also referred to herein as "examples." All publications, patents, and patent documents referred to in this document are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety in their entirety in their entirety herein In the event of inconsistencies between the use of this document and its documents incorporated by reference, the use of the incorporated references shall be deemed to be Supplements used; for irreconcilable inconsistencies, the use of this document shall prevail.

In this document, as commonly found in patent documents, the terms "a" or "an" are used to include one or more, independent of any other item or "at least one" or "one or more. Use of. In this document, the term "or" is used to mean a non-exclusive or "A or B" includes "A but not B", "B but not A" and "A and B" unless otherwise indicated. In the scope of the accompanying patent application, the term "including" and "in which" is used as the ordinary English equivalent of the respective terms "comprising" and "wherein". Also, in the scope of the following claims, the terms "including" and "comprising" are open-ended, that is, include elements other than those listed after the term in a claim. A system, device, project or program of a component is still considered to be within the scope of the claims. Further, in the following claims, the terms "first", "second", "third" and the like are used merely as labels, and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on their objects.

The above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. For example, the examples set forth above (or one or more aspects thereof) can be used in combination with one another. For example, those skilled in the art can use other embodiments after reviewing the above description. Also, in the above embodiments, various features may be grouped together to organize the present invention. This should not be construed as meaning that an unclaimed feature is essential to any claim. Instead, the inventive subject matter may be in less than all of the features of a particular disclosed embodiment. Accordingly, the scope of the following claims is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety in its entirety in its entirety herein The scope of the invention should be determined with reference to the scope of the appended claims, together with the entire scope of the equivalents of the claims.

400‧‧‧Example amplitude modulation digital separator

401‧‧‧Transmitter circuit/transmitter

402‧‧‧Receiver Circuit/Receiver

403‧‧‧Antenna

404‧‧‧Antenna

420‧‧‧Transmission Oscillator

421‧‧‧Transmutation switch

422‧‧‧Power Amplifier

423‧‧‧Low noise amplifier

424‧‧‧Nonlinear filter

425‧‧‧Power Detector

D _IN ‧‧‧Input digital data

D _OUT ‧‧‧Digital output information

Claims (22)

An electrical splitter comprising: a transmit circuit comprising a transmit antenna configured to receive digital data and modulate a transmit signal with the digital data, and transmit the transmit signal using the transmit antenna, the transmit The signal has a first nominal frequency; a receiving circuit mechanically coupled to the transmitting circuit, the receiving circuit including a receiving antenna configured to receive the transmitted signal, the receiving circuit configured to use a demodulation The clock signal demodulates the digital data from the transmission signal and provides the digital data. An electrical splitter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the receiving circuit comprises an injection-locked oscillator configured to receive the transmission signal and lock to the first nominal frequency to provide the demodulation time Pulse signal. The electrical splitter of claim 2, wherein the injection-locked oscillator comprises the receive antenna. The electrical splitter of claim 1 wherein the transmit antenna is separated from the receive antenna by at least 1 millimeter. The electrical separator of claim 1, wherein a first integrated circuit die comprises the transmission circuit; wherein a second integrated circuit die comprises the receiving circuit; and wherein the electrical separator comprises a single encapsulation, The encapsulant includes the first integrated circuit die and the second integrated circuit die. The electrical splitter of claim 1, wherein the transmit antenna comprises a single loop inductor antenna. The electrical splitter of claim 1, wherein the transmit antenna comprises a dipole antenna. An electrical separator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transmission antenna comprises a one-end load dipole day line. An electrical splitter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transmission circuit comprises a transmission oscillator; and wherein the transmission oscillator comprises the transmission antenna. The electrical splitter of claim 1 wherein the receive antenna comprises a single loop inductor antenna. The electrical splitter of claim 1, wherein the receive antenna comprises a dipole antenna. The electrical splitter of claim 1, wherein the receive antenna comprises a one-end load dipole antenna. The electrical splitter of claim 1 wherein the first nominal frequency is above 8 GHz. The electrical splitter of claim 1 wherein the first nominal frequency is between about 8 GHz and about 40 GHz. A system comprising: a first circuit; a second circuit adjacent and mechanically coupled to the first circuit; and an electrical splitter configured to be between the first circuit and the second circuit Providing a communication path and maintaining electrical separation between the first circuit and the second circuit; wherein the electrical separator includes: a first transmission circuit including a first transmission antenna configured to The first circuit receives the first digital data and modulates a first transmission signal with the first digital data, and transmits the first transmission signal by using the first transmission antenna, the first transmission signal having a first nominal frequency; And a first receiving circuit, comprising: a first receiving antenna configured to receive the first transmission signal and demodulate the first digital data using a first demodulated time-varying signal and provide the first a digital data to the second circuit; and a first injection-locked oscillator configured to receive the first transmission signal And latching to the first nominal frequency to provide the first demodulated time-varying signal. The system of claim 15, wherein the electrical splitter comprises: a second transmit circuit comprising a second transmit antenna, the transmit circuit configured to receive the second digital data from the second circuit and use the second digital Transmitting a second transmission signal, and transmitting the second transmission signal by using the second transmission antenna, the second transmission signal having a second nominal frequency; and a second receiving circuit comprising: a second receiving An antenna, the second receiving antenna configured to receive the second transmission signal and demodulate the second digital data using a second demodulated time-varying signal and provide the second digital data to the first circuit; A second injection-locked oscillator configured to receive the second transmission signal and to lock to the second nominal frequency to provide the second demodulated clock signal. The system of claim 16, wherein a first integrated circuit die includes the first transmission circuit and the second receiving circuit; wherein a second integrated circuit die includes the second transmission circuit and the first receiving circuit And wherein the electrical separator comprises a single encapsulation comprising the first integrated circuit die and the second integrated circuit die. The system of claim 16, wherein at least one of the first transmit antenna and the second transmit antenna comprises an end load dipole antenna. The system of claim 16, wherein at least one of the first receive antenna and the second receive antenna comprises an end load dipole antenna. An electrical splitter comprising: a transmit circuit comprising a transmit antenna configured to receive digital data and to modulate a transmit signal with the digital data, and to use the transmit antenna Transmitting the transmission signal, the transmission signal having a first nominal frequency; and a receiving circuit comprising a receiving antenna configured to receive the transmission signal and using a demodulated variable clock signal from the transmission The signal demodulates the digital data and provides the digital data; and wherein at least one of the transmitting antenna or the receiving antenna comprises a resonant dipole antenna. The electrical splitter of claim 20, wherein the resonant dipole antenna comprises a one-end load dipole antenna. The electrical splitter of claim 20, wherein the transmission circuit comprises an amplitude modulation (AM) transmission circuit.