201206114 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種居家電器監測的方法及系統。 【先前技術】 因應現今節能減碳之國際趨勢，各國政府無不希望这 過各種方法達成降低汙染的排放以及提高能源的使用访 率，也期望建立民眾對節能的觀念並落實至生活當中。世 界各國目前朝向利‘用各種科技來達到上述節能減碳之目 標’例如建置智慧電網、研發節能電動車、採用太陽能發 電並提高其轉換效率等方法。然而我們認為除了政府政策 推動外’❹者若能於日常生活中養成隨手關不用之電 益或減少高耗電產品之使用時數，以積沙成塔之效果便能 減少許多不必要的耗電以及費用支出。研究報告指出，使 用者若能取得家庭總用電的資料，平均每月將 5%〜15%的電費。若以台灣為例，所有家庭總計的單月平均 電費約97億元，若每戶可名】AA m & ⑽借―h ㈣電’則每月可省約 9.73億το，一年可省近百億元。 、雖然讓使用者了解總用電資訊能夠降低電力， 然而使用者無法得知家中哪些電器電 來說’使用者可得知總耗電量相較於;0舉: 電二，是使用者無法了解到底是哪些電器“使用而= 這4的用H若電費的帳單_清楚地提 定的電器用了多少電、花了多少# 個特 夕少費用、以及該電器用電相 201206114 關的統計圖表，使用者便能得知哪些電器已使用過度，進 而改善用電習慣以及提高上述的省電百分比。 在不變更電器本身的規格下，要達到了解家中電器之 開關狀態最簡單的方法就是在電器的電源線上加裝上一數 位電力计，並且透過無線傳輸或電力線通訊的方式將每一 個電器的使用狀態傳送到管理端，管理端再進一步統計盘 分析這些資料訪_到上叙功L此方法存在著 -個重大缺點’也就是若每—個要被偵測的電器都要加裳 -個數位電力計，—個普通的數位電力計約台帶一千多 使得系域本過高導致使用者使用意 願降料夕。此外若使用者將該電力計裝置到不同 上’也將導致系統誤判。 °。 =此’如何以低成本且不大幅度修改家庭内現有之硬 進而讓使用者透過電力公司、服務提供商、或是 ^身豕庭能源管理系統得知家中特定電器之耗電、使用狀 及相_電統計資訊，將是現今提高節能功效之目 【發明内容】 有鑑於此，在本發明的一 — 居家電器監測的方法，1包括牛第一貫施例提供-種 電資料，其至少包含下列!驟:量測-居家的用 傳送至-本地端資料處理-虛功率’並 電資料；當該用電資料發生變化時，用=化該用 動值；根據該用電資料之㈣枯、5十异忒用電負料之變 电貝科之相值，與該本地端資料處理單 201206114 器資訊的電性特徵值進行比對;若比對為-否則傳送該用^則確認係為該電器的用電狀態改變； 再比對，並==值至一遠端資料處理系統進行 單元所健存之電器資訊的更新該本地端資料處理 監測iim—方面，二實施例提供-種居家電器 内含夂—第-=處理單元，連接至咖^^ 訊，i辞士丄科庫用以儲存至少一居家電器的電器資 二值之ΐ:量端：處理單元用以計算該用電資料的正規 元，連接至該本地端資料處： 二二Γ端資料處理單元用以將該用電資料的正： :值之變動量與該第二資料庫所儲存之電器資訊進行Ϊ 監測的在二Γ二另：方面，第三實施例提供-種居家電器 具有資料處理、、=:列智慧其至f 的用電資料，其至少包含：一:遷工：實:：罝測二居家 :化:據該電壓，正規化該用電資料心:電ί = =二十ί該用電資料之變動值;根據該用電資料之變 =儲存之電器資訊的電性特徵值進行 "的用電狀態改變；否則傳送該用電資料之變動值至-^ 201206114 端資料處理系統進行再比對，並將再比對的結果傳回且更 新該智慧電表所儲存之電器資訊的電性特徵。 在本發明的另一方面，第四實施例提供一種居家電器 監測的方法，其包括下歼步驟：量測一居家的用電資料， 其至少包含：一電壓、一實功率、及一虛功率，並傳送至 一遠端資料處理系統；根據該電壓，正規化該用電資料； 當該用電資料發生變化時，計算該用電資料之變動值；根 據該用電資料之變動值，與遠端資料處理系統所儲存之電 器資訊的電性特徵值進行比對；及將比對的結果傳回並顯 糸於一本地端顯示器。 在本發明的另一方面，第五實施例提供一種居家電器 監測的系統，其包括：一量測單元，用以量測一居家的用 ' 電資料；及一遠端資料處理單元，連接至該量測單元，其 ' 内含有一資料庫用以儲存各種居家電器的電器資訊，且該 遠端資料處理單元用以計算該用電資料的正規化值之變動 量，並與該資料庫所儲存之電器資訊進行比對。 在本發明的另一方面，另一實施例提供一種居家電器 監測系統，該系統包括：一插座模組，提供該電器的電源； 、 一電力量測模組，量測該插座模組的耗電資料；一無線傳 輸模組，無線傳送該電力量測模組所量測的資料；一資料 庫，記錄該至少一電器的電性特徵記錄；及一顯示器，顯 示該電力量測模組所量測的耗電資料。 【實施方式】 以下將參照隨附之圖式詳細描述及說明本發明之特 201206114 欲一目的、功能，及其達成所使用的技術手段；但所列舉 施例僅為輔助說明，以利對本發明有更進一步的認知 報…、解’並不因此限制本發明的範圍及技術手段。而為了 =明上的便利’圖.式中各裝置組件係以概略 的 ，要的方式表示，且各構成要素的尺寸並未完全=實 際尺寸。 •欠本發明主要是將智慧電表或量測裝置所量測的總用電 -貝訊二藉由當時所量測到的電壓去校正其他電力參數，再 擷取單-電n開啟或M時所造叙t力參數變化當作電 力特徵值，賊將.此電力特徵值與諸庫⑽㈣:特徵 ^進行比對，若比對不出結果（可能是此電器為新購買之電 器）’系統便將此電力特徵值傳送到遠端伺服器或雲端系統 進行大1比對，再將比對結果傳回本地端並且更新本地端 資料庫以便下-人同一電器再開關時直接進行本地端比對。 本發明所指的本地端或遠端，基本上是以距離的遠近而加 以區分，本地端可能就是家用的個人電腦或智慧電表，而 遠則可以是雲端伺服器或其類似物，但不因此而限制本 發明。由上述可知，電力特徵值在本發明的操作中佔有相 當重要的角色，因此以下先詳細描述電力特徵值。 電力特徵值的計算分析可分成兩大類，首先是穩態分 析的方式’利用電器開啟或關閉後之實功率與虛功率之差 值來做為該電器之電力特徵值。如圖1所示，為一電器開 啟或關閉後的實功率曲線圖，其中X轴為時間（秒），γ軸 為瓦特數，由圖1左方開始，當曲線之變化大於某一個門 檻值時即代表有電器被開啟或關閉（若曲線上升則為電器 201206114 而 1之則為電益關閉）。當量測值之變化經過-段時間 而〉 又再有超過門檻值的變化 奴吁間 狀態，則可將此-…：亥電為可視為已經達到穩態 平均值^出m率r值減去上次穩態狀態的 電器大約耗費的實：==1為例’該 ROW 只刀丰則可比對貧料庫内實功率消 稃能蚌門拍電盗’以判斷為被開啟的電器。上述門檻值盥 fjfSl值的狀會因電器及當時準位不同而有所差異， 其S理的門檻值設定在1〇 、 定在W秒，但不以為限价而合理的穩態時間值設 入的俣=僅以實功率判斷電器之開啟或關閉仍是不夠周 全的，因為不同的電器有 夕川 率，而造成益法正確判斷ΨΓ 接近的實功 Α…出被開啟或關閉的電器；此時可 ^力口上非純電組性電器（non_resisti ve appliance)會消 另一個電力參P功率可使用智慧電表及電： 吕十來罝測，或利用心VFTF及kFx/加 及^ =在功率、P為實功率、Q為虛功率；：且 =已此二電力參數所計算出二 些常用電哭的電杰的電力特徵值。圖2顯示一 ^农率力佈示意圖’其x軸為實功率且y軸為 因L 2為例，大部份電器的電力特徵都互不相同： 電器的開啟或關閉；而且只要該圖上的 力率點未重豐，則將不會發生 工 率的居家電器會集中在圖2的尤„^ T而口 。午夕小功 虛功率都很低；例如，實功聿H ’也就是其實功率與 3〇嚮。然而，這此小型貫電彳婦及虛功率低於 —〗i電益因耗電低’並非使用者所在 201206114 意，也不是本發明關心的問題，因而是可以被忽略的。 高取樣率的量測裝置更可用以計算電器開啟或關閉後 諧波電流(Harmonic Current)之變化來做為該電器之電力特 徵值。對於馬達類（Motor-driven)、幫浦類（Pump-operated)、 電子類（Electronic)的電器以及日光燈管（Fluorescent light)，其奇次諧波電流明顯，適合作為該電器的電力特徵 值。計算諧波電流的方法是將所量測到的電流透過快速傅 立葉轉換(Fast Fourier Transform，FFT)轉到頻率域上。以 圖3為例，其為一電器開啟之前與之後的奇次諧波電流之 變化示意圖，其中X軸表示諧波階次，Y軸表示電流值， 網狀條表示其開啟前的奇次諧波電流，實心條則表示開啟 後的奇次諧波電流；藉此變化差異，可以判斷特定電器的 開啟或關閉。 再者，為暫態分析的電力特徵值。利用電器開啟或關 閉後電性參數的瞬間變化來做為該電器之電力特徵值。而 因為是瞬間變化，其量測裝置必須具有很高的取樣率。圖 4為當一電器開啟的實功率暫態變化示意圖。倘若電器的 電性參數在開啟或關閉的瞬間變化是固定且可重現的，則 其電性參數的暫態波形作為電力特徵值，而於本發明中藉 由習知的訊號處理或圖形辨識方法以分辨電器的使用。綜 上所述，對於以電力特徵值來比對電器使用的狀況，可先 比對實功率與虛功率之變化；若無法分辨，再進而比對諧 波電流變化；若還是無法分辨，則再進而比對電性參數的 暫態分析結果；但本發明對其比對順序並不加以限制。其 中該電器電力特徵資訊可以由使用者自行量測或是由電器 10 201206114 量測二並記錄在本地端的資料處理單 享。 遠端貪料處理系統上與其它使用者分 針對低階的量測梦罟，# 設置，以進行校正電力Ί错由本地端資料處理單元的 本發明第-實施例之居家電器監測 量測居家^ :‘。邊方法刚包含下列步棘：步驟110， =豕的用電資料’並傳送至本地 驟120’正規化該用雷眘 卞 ^ 變動值；步驟14〇，將二，:驟130 ’計算該用電資料之 所儲存之電純與該本地端㈣處理單元 根攄比對a# / ”性特徵值進行㈣；及步驟150， 續步驟，若比對結果符合-電器之電 改變；否則進行步二禮確認係為™ 遠端資料户理/一傳达該用電資料之變動值至一 更新1太1 '、、，’進仃再比對，並將再比對的結果傳回且 =新该本“資料處理單元所儲存之電器資訊的電性特 功率在步驟U〇主要是量測居家用電的電壓、實 處理單元:刚本地端資料處理單元’由該資料 以此為f參數進行1力特徵㈣計算；但不 功率'>數亦可以包括奇次譜波電流、電流、實 =穩^二:或視在功率的暫態波形，以因應電力特徵 值的“、及暫態分析’及後續的比對之用。 步驟120須對電力參數進行校正， 記錄的電力特徵值是基於—個電壓準料量^的1庫: 201206114 往往一般家庭供電電壓隨著地區、時間、或是用電狀況不 同所供電的電壓也會波動改變（以台灣為例通常介於 105〜125V)，這將可能造成電力特徵值的改變而導致誤判。 倘若電力特徵值能先經過校正，則該校正值可適用於不同 地區的不同供電電壓；例如，在115V的電壓下所算得的電 力特徵值也能適用在125V之環境。實功率P與視在功率S 在電壓120V下的正規化為 ^=(12〇/^ΓχΡ201206114 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a method and system for monitoring home appliances. [Prior Art] In response to the current international trend of energy conservation and carbon reduction, governments all hope that these methods can achieve pollution reduction emissions and increase energy use visit rates, and also hope to establish public awareness of energy conservation and implementation into life. The countries of the world are now facing the goal of using the various technologies to achieve the above goals of energy saving and carbon reduction, such as building smart grids, developing energy-efficient electric vehicles, adopting solar power generation and improving their conversion efficiency. However, we believe that in addition to the promotion of government policies, if the best in the daily life can develop the power benefits that are not needed or reduce the number of hours of use of high-power products, the effect of sand accumulation can reduce many unnecessary consumption. Electricity and expenses. According to the research report, if the user can obtain the total electricity consumption of the household, the average monthly electricity fee will be 5%~15%. In Taiwan, for example, the average monthly electricity bill for all households is about 9.7 billion yuan. If each household can be named, AA m & (10) by using “h (four) electricity, it can save about 973 million το per month, one year. Nearly 10 billion yuan. Although letting the user know that the total electricity consumption information can reduce the power, the user cannot know which electrical appliances in the home are in the 'users can know the total power consumption compared to the other; 0: electricity 2, the user can not Understand which electrical appliances are used "================================================================================================== The statistical chart allows the user to know which appliances have been used excessively, thereby improving the habit of using electricity and increasing the percentage of power saving mentioned above. The easiest way to understand the switching state of the appliance in the home is to change the specifications of the appliance itself. Adding a digital power meter to the power line of the appliance, and transmitting the usage status of each appliance to the management terminal through wireless transmission or power line communication, and further analyzing the data by the management terminal to analyze the data. There is a major drawback to this method, that is, if every appliance to be detected has to be added to a digital power meter, an ordinary digital power meter With more than one thousand, the system is too high, which leads to the user's willingness to use it. In addition, if the user sets the power meter to different, it will also lead to system misjudgment. ° = This is how low cost and not big Amplitude to modify the existing hardship in the family, so that users can learn about the power consumption, usage and phase statistics of specific appliances in the home through the power company, service provider, or the energy management system of the home. The purpose of energy saving effect [Invention] In view of this, in the first method of home appliance monitoring of the present invention, 1 includes the first embodiment of the cattle to provide - the type of electrical data, which at least includes the following: Step: Measurement - Home Use the transmission-to-local data processing-virtual power' parallel power data; when the power consumption data changes, use the = dynamic value; according to the power consumption data, (4) dry, 5 ten different power consumption negative materials The phase value of the substation Beca is compared with the electrical characteristic value of the information of the local end data processing unit 201206114; if the comparison is - otherwise, the transmission is confirmed to be the power state change of the electric appliance; Compare again, and == value to A remote data processing system performs an update of the electrical information stored by the unit. The local data processing monitors the iim-side. The second embodiment provides a home appliance with a 夂----processing unit connected to the coffee. i, 士士丄科库 is used to store at least one home appliance's electrical equipment value: the measuring end: the processing unit is used to calculate the regular data of the electricity data, connected to the local data office: The data processing unit is configured to perform monitoring of the positive: value of the power data with the electrical information stored in the second database. In the second aspect, the third embodiment provides a home appliance. With data processing, =: column wisdom to f power data, which at least contains: one: relocation: real:: speculation two homes: chemical: according to the voltage, regularize the electricity information heart: electricity ί = = twenty ί The change value of the electricity consumption data; according to the change of the electricity consumption data = the electrical characteristic value of the stored electrical appliance information, the power consumption state is changed; otherwise, the variation value of the power consumption data is transmitted to - ^ 201206114 end data processing system for re-comparison, and Than the result of the returns and more new electrical characteristics of the electrical information stored in the smart meter. In another aspect of the present invention, a fourth embodiment provides a method for monitoring home appliances, comprising the step of: measuring a household electricity usage data, the method comprising: at least: a voltage, a real power, and a virtual power And transmitting to a remote data processing system; normalizing the power data according to the voltage; calculating a change value of the power data when the power data changes; according to the variation value of the power data, The electrical characteristic values of the electrical information stored by the remote data processing system are compared; and the results of the comparison are transmitted back and displayed on a local display. In another aspect of the present invention, a fifth embodiment provides a home appliance monitoring system, including: a measuring unit for measuring a home electrical data; and a remote data processing unit connected to The measuring unit includes a database for storing electrical information of various home appliances, and the remote data processing unit is configured to calculate a variation of the normalized value of the power data, and the database is Store the electrical information for comparison. In another aspect of the present invention, another embodiment provides a home appliance monitoring system, the system includes: a socket module that provides power for the appliance; and a power measurement module that measures the consumption of the socket module Electrical data; a wireless transmission module for wirelessly transmitting data measured by the power measurement module; a database for recording electrical characteristics of the at least one electrical appliance; and a display for displaying the electrical measurement module Measuring power consumption data. [Embodiment] The following is a detailed description and description of the specific purpose, function, and technical means used for the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings; however, the examples are merely illustrative, to facilitate the present invention. There is a further recognition, and the solution does not limit the scope and technical means of the invention. For the sake of convenience, the device components in the equation are shown in a schematic and desired manner, and the dimensions of the constituent elements are not completely = actual dimensions. • The invention is mainly based on the total power measured by the smart meter or measuring device - Beixun 2 to correct other power parameters by the voltage measured at that time, and then take the single-electric n-open or M-time The change of the force parameter is taken as the power characteristic value, and the thief will compare the power characteristic value with the libraries (10) (4): feature ^, if the result is not matched (may be this electrical appliance is the newly purchased electrical appliance) 'system The power feature value is transmitted to the remote server or the cloud system for large-scale comparison, and the comparison result is transmitted back to the local end and the local-end database is updated so that the local-side ratio is directly performed when the same person is switched on again. Correct. The local end or the far end referred to in the present invention is basically distinguished by the distance of the distance. The local end may be a personal computer or a smart meter of a household, and the far end may be a cloud server or the like, but not The invention is limited. As apparent from the above, the power characteristic value occupies a relatively important role in the operation of the present invention, and therefore the power characteristic value will be described in detail below. The calculation and analysis of power eigenvalues can be divided into two categories. The first is the way of steady-state analysis. The difference between the real power and the virtual power after the appliance is turned on or off is used as the power characteristic value of the appliance. As shown in Figure 1, the actual power curve after an appliance is turned on or off, where the X axis is time (seconds) and the γ axis is wattage, starting from the left of Figure 1, when the curve changes more than a threshold value. At that time, it means that the appliance is turned on or off (if the curve rises, it is the electric appliance 201206114 and the electric appliance is closed). If the change in the equivalent value passes through the period of time -> and there is a change in the slave state beyond the threshold value, then this -...: Haidian can be regarded as having reached the steady state average value ^ the m rate is reduced by the value of r It takes about the actual cost of the last steady state electrical appliance: ==1 as an example. The value of the threshold value 盥fjfSl will vary depending on the electrical appliance and the current level. The threshold value of the threshold is set at 1〇, and it is set at W seconds, but the steady-state time value is not reasonable.俣 俣 = only the real power to judge the opening or closing of the appliance is still not comprehensive, because different electrical appliances have the Xichuan rate, and the benefits of the correct judgment ΨΓ close to the actual work 出 ... out of the open or closed appliances; At this point, the non-resisti ve appliance on the port can eliminate another power P power can use smart meter and electricity: Lu Shi to speculate, or use the heart VFTF and kFx / plus ^ = Power, P is real power, Q is virtual power; and ==The power characteristics of the two commonly used electric crying electric powers are calculated by the two power parameters. Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of a farmer's rate cloth whose 'x-axis is real power and the y-axis is L2. For example, the electrical characteristics of most electrical appliances are different from each other: the electrical appliance is turned on or off; and as long as the figure is on If the rate of force is not heavy, the home appliance that will not have a working rate will be concentrated in the mouth of Figure 2. The power of the midnight gong is very low; for example, the actual work 聿H' In fact, the power is 3 。. However, this small-sized electric wife and virtual power is lower than -〗 〖 i power benefits due to low power consumption 'not the user's 201206114 meaning, is not a concern of the present invention, and thus can be Neglected. The high sampling rate measuring device can be used to calculate the change of the harmonic current (Harmonic Current) after the appliance is turned on or off as the power characteristic value of the appliance. For the motor-driven, pump class (Pump-operated), electronic (Electronic) electrical appliances and fluorescent lamps (Fluorescent light), its odd harmonic current is obvious, suitable as the electrical characteristic value of the electrical appliance. The method of calculating the harmonic current is to measure the measured Current through fast Fourier The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is turned to the frequency domain. Taking FIG. 3 as an example, it is a schematic diagram of the change of the odd harmonic current before and after the opening of an electric appliance, wherein the X axis represents the harmonic order and the Y axis represents The current value, the mesh bar represents the odd harmonic current before it is turned on, and the solid bar represents the odd harmonic current after the turn-on; by this difference, it is possible to judge whether the specific appliance is turned on or off. The analyzed power characteristic value is obtained by using the instantaneous change of the electrical parameter after the appliance is turned on or off as the power characteristic value of the appliance, and because it is instantaneously changed, the measuring device must have a high sampling rate. A schematic diagram of real-time transient change of an electrical appliance. If the electrical parameter of the electrical appliance is fixed and reproducible at the moment of opening or closing, the transient waveform of the electrical parameter is used as the power characteristic value, and the present invention The conventional signal processing or graphic recognition method is used to distinguish the use of the electrical appliance. In summary, for comparing the use of the electrical appliance with the characteristic value of the electric power, the real power and the virtual work can be compared first. The change of the rate; if it is impossible to distinguish, and then compare the harmonic current change; if it is still indistinguishable, then the transient analysis result of the electrical parameter is further compared; however, the present invention does not limit the order of comparison. The electrical power characteristic information can be measured by the user or measured by the electrical appliance 10 201206114 and recorded in the local data processing. The remote greedy processing system and other users are divided into low-order measurement dreams.罟, #设置, to correct the power error by the local end data processing unit of the present invention, the home appliance monitoring measurement home ^ : '. The edge method just contains the following steps: Step 110, = 豕The electrical data 'and transmitted to the local step 120' normalizes the use of the Lei Shen 卞 ^ variable value; step 14 〇, the second, the first step 130 'calculate the stored electricity of the electricity and the local end (four) processing unit The roots are compared to the a# / "sexual characteristic value (4); and step 150, the subsequent steps, if the comparison result is consistent with the electrical change of the appliance; otherwise, the step 2 is confirmed as the TM remote data household / one conveys the Electricity Change the value of the material to an update 1 too 1 ',,, 'Enter and compare again, and then return the result of the comparison and = the new electrical power of the electrical information stored in the data processing unit is Step U〇 is mainly to measure the voltage of the household electricity, the real processing unit: just the local end data processing unit 'from the data as the f parameter for 1 force feature (four) calculation; but the power '> number can also include odd The sub-spectral current, current, real = steady ^ 2: or the transient waveform of the apparent power, in response to the ", and transient analysis" of the characteristic value of the power and the subsequent comparison. Step 120 shall be corrected for the power parameter, and the recorded power characteristic value is based on a library of voltage-specific quantities ^ 201206114. Generally, the voltage of the household power supply voltage is different depending on the region, time, or power usage. Fluctuations will change (in Taiwan, for example, usually between 105 and 125V), which may cause a change in the power characteristic value and lead to misjudgment. If the power characteristic value can be corrected first, the correction value can be applied to different supply voltages in different regions; for example, the power characteristic value calculated at 115V can also be applied to the environment of 125V. The normalization of the real power P and the apparent power S at a voltage of 120V is ^=(12〇/^ΓχΡ
SNorm={\20/V)aQxS 其中 PNorm 與 代表正規化後的P‘及51，K代表正規化 前的量測電壓值，而正規化指數β/5與在習知技術通常 設定為2，但在本發明的應用上，認為各電器的與 值可能會有差異，其數值的較佳範圍約為0至3之間，而 不可全都設為2，否則將可能導致系統的誤判。 步驟130為當該用電資料發生變化時，計算該用電資 料之變動值。由於所得之電力特徵值將與資料庫内各電器 的電力特徵值進行比對，以下說明各電器儲存於資料庫中 可能的欄位及格式，包括Α類之基本資訊：電器品牌、電 器類型、型號、及狀態，或上述其中二者以上之組合；B 類之電性特徵，包含功率特徵之電壓、實功率、αΡ正規化 指數、虛功率、及正規化指數；奇次諧波電流之一次 諧波電流、三次諧波電流、或五次諧波電流；暫態特徵之 暫態波形資料、資料類型、取樣率、取樣時間長度及區間； 及實功率、虛功率、奇次諧波電流、暫態特徵之微調變化 等；或上述特徵二種以上之組合。 12 201206114 步驟140為將該變動值與該本地端資料處理單元所儲 存之電器資訊的電性特徵值進行比對。步驟120提及各電 器正規化指數α尸與的較佳範圍為0至3 ;此處可以各 別將此二數值以¢/為級距及120V為正規化電壓，進行實 功率與虛功率的正規化計算，再將其結果與資料庫内的每 一筆資料的功率特徵比對。當比對到同一 β尸與數值的 實功率Ρ與虛功率Q相同時，則可判斷該電器即為已開啟 或關閉之電器。舉例而言，假設在某一電壓V下量到一筆 功率特徵為Ρ及Q，接著我們以120V並帶入所有可能的 α尸與αβ來正規化該功率特徵(知隔級距則可以得到下 列的功率特徵資料： <<3尸=0，P = P〇> <aQ = 0 5 Q = Q0> > <aP = d ' Y = P\> <aQ = d f Q = Q\> > <aP = 2<i 5 P = P2> <aQ = 2d ^ Q = Q2> f <aP = nd f P = Pn> <aQ = nd > Q = Qn> 對於具有強弱段次操作的電器，其電器資訊可以更包 括強弱段次的特徵，例如：各強弱操作之段次、電壓、實 功率、實功率正規化指數、虛功率、虛功率正規化指數、 奇次諧波電流、暫態特徵、或上述二者以上之組合；其中 該暫態特徵包括：暫態波形資料、資料類型、取樣率、及 取樣時間長度及區間。由電器使用的習慣來看，一般具有 強弱段次或多種功能的電器在開啟後，其變動狀況常為段 次或功能切換的操作；因此，當用電資料發生變化時，可 先比對目前工作中的電器之強弱段次切換的電性特徵值變 13 201206114 動量，以利比對工作的快速進 的使用者在最初使用時或電 訊係由電器 本地端的資料處理單元。、、者在上市出廠時’設定於 接著逐筆比對資料庫内的每 的實功率！>及同12數值的虛功率^二與同1户， 比對成功；但由於數值不可能完全二目5時，則遇定 設定兩個門檻值ΤΡ與TQ分別予實:率^功 數值計算可能的容忍度。以實 ；;+作為” 化後的P與資料庫内的P二力大⑼一樣但正規 認定該兩筆數值不同。若經由上述的摔::::二： 回應該電器特徵比對失敗，而視為關閉；否則將 象。因此，步㈣。為根據比==力變動現 對結果符合-電器之電性特徵值 ' 步驟；若比 ^ _ 值則進行步驟151之湓切 態:變;否則進行步驟152,傳送該: 1::=:==:，對，並將 資訊亦可由電器的使用者或電器業 =r可包含1家以上(含)的業者所生 =雷Ϊ 資3fL。此電器和其電性特徵資訊可以由不同 產製造商主動地上傳至該遠端資料處理系統 疋由該遠端資料處理系統向不同的電器業者索取。次 2器的用電狀態改變包括了開啟、_、_段次的_、 或功能的切換，皆為電性特徵值所必須計算或分析㈣ 201206114 的。該電器資訊的電性特徵值亦可依照不同類別的電器屬 性而分類’例如：電阻類、馬達類、幫浦類、電子產品類、 及日光燈營類；藉由各類別的電器產生其特有的電力特徵 值j可初步得知該電器的類別，而不須對整個資料庫進行 比對，只須比對與該類別相關的部份資料庫，因此可加速 比對的進行。此外，為使資料處理單元的資料庫内的各電 =電性特徵資料能即時更新，以利比對工作的準確性，本 可對該比對出的電器之用電資料的歷史記錄進行加 權千均的計算，並用以更新該電器於該本地端資料處理單SNorm={\20/V)aQxS where PNorm represents P' and 51 after normalization, K represents the measured voltage value before normalization, and the normalization index β/5 is usually set to 2 in the prior art. However, in the application of the present invention, it is considered that the value of each appliance may be different, and the preferred range of values is about 0 to 3, and not all of them may be set to 2, otherwise the system may be misjudged. Step 130 is to calculate a variation value of the power consumption information when the power consumption data changes. Since the obtained power characteristic value will be compared with the power characteristic value of each electrical appliance in the database, the following describes the possible fields and formats of each electrical appliance stored in the database, including basic information of the category: electrical appliance brand, electrical appliance type, Model, and state, or a combination of the two or more; Class B electrical characteristics, including power characteristics of voltage, real power, αΡ normalization index, virtual power, and normalization index; once harmonic current Harmonic current, third harmonic current, or fifth harmonic current; transient waveform data, data type, sampling rate, sampling time length and interval of transient characteristics; and real power, virtual power, odd harmonic current, Fine-tuning changes in transient characteristics, etc.; or a combination of two or more of the above features. 12 201206114 Step 140 is to compare the change value with the electrical characteristic value of the electrical information stored by the local data processing unit. Step 120 refers to the normalization index of each electrical appliance, and the preferred range of the corpse is 0 to 3; here, the two values can be normalized and imaginary by using 二/ for the step and 120V for the normalized voltage. Normalize the calculation and compare the results with the power characteristics of each data in the database. When the real power 比 and the virtual power Q which are the same to the same β corpse and the value are the same, it can be judged that the electric appliance is an electric appliance that has been turned on or off. For example, suppose that a power characteristic is measured at a certain voltage V as Ρ and Q, then we normalize the power characteristic by 120V and bring in all possible α corpses and αβ (the following steps can be obtained Power characteristics data: <<3 corps=0, P = P〇><aQ = 0 5 Q = Q0>><aP = d ' Y = P\><aQ = df Q = Q\>><aP = 2<i 5 P = P2><aQ = 2d ^ Q = Q2> f <aP = nd f P = Pn><aQ = nd > Q = Qn> For appliances with strong and weak operation, the electrical information can include the characteristics of strong and weak segments, for example: the order of each strong and weak operation, voltage, real power, real power normalization index, virtual power, virtual power normalization index An odd harmonic current, a transient characteristic, or a combination of the two or more; wherein the transient characteristics include: transient waveform data, data type, sampling rate, and sampling time length and interval. Look, after an appliance with a strong or weak segment or multiple functions is turned on, its change condition is often a step or function switch operation; Therefore, when the power consumption data changes, the electrical characteristic value of the switching between the strength and the weakness of the current working electrical appliance can be changed to 13 201206114 momentum, so as to compare the fast-moving users of the work to the initial use or The telecommunications system is composed of the data processing unit at the local end of the appliance. When it is shipped from the factory, it is set to the real power of each of the data in the database; and the virtual power of the same value is the same as the household. The comparison is successful; but since the value cannot be completely binocular 5, then the two threshold values are set and TQ are respectively determined: the rate ^ work value is calculated to be possible tolerance. P is the same as P in the database (9) but it is legally determined that the two values are different. If the above-mentioned fall:::: two: the corresponding electrical feature comparison fails, but is considered closed; otherwise it will be like Step (4). In order to change according to the ratio == force, the result is in accordance with the electrical characteristic value of the electrical appliance' step; if the value is greater than ^_, then the tangential state of step 151 is changed: otherwise; otherwise, step 152 is performed, and the transmission is performed: 1 ::=:==:, right, and the information can also be used by users of appliances The electrical industry = r can contain more than one (including) operators = Thunder 3fL. This electrical appliance and its electrical characteristics information can be actively uploaded to the remote data processing system by different manufacturers. The end data processing system is obtained from different electric appliance manufacturers. The power state change of the second device includes the opening, _, _ segment _, or function switching, all of which must be calculated or analyzed for the electrical characteristic value (4) 201206114 . The electrical characteristic values of the electrical information can also be classified according to different categories of electrical properties, such as: resistance, motor, pump, electronic products, and fluorescent lamp camps; by the various types of electrical appliances to produce their unique The power characteristic value j can initially know the category of the appliance without having to compare the entire database, and only needs to compare some of the databases associated with the category, thereby speeding up the comparison. In addition, in order to enable the electrical and electrical characteristic data in the data processing unit of the data processing unit to be updated in time to facilitate the accuracy of the work, the history of the electrical energy data of the compared electrical appliance can be weighted. a calculation of the average and used to update the appliance on the local data processing list
元所儲存之電性特▲值。在上述的該電器資訊中，ϊ可I =-予=的.m監值以作為判斷該電器發生老化的依據； t 以用電資料變動值所對應的電性特徵值實質上不 ί㈣預設門檻值，則判斷該電器已發生老化。另外，本 :鉍：更可計算與記錄該電器在不同電壓值下的耗電曲 :戈=?的正規化方式進行正規化後，儲存於該本地 知或退鳊的貧料處理單元。 哭於家Ϊ11監測方法可另由如下實施例的居家電 二6括為根據本發明第二實施例之居 處理單元Λ 量測單元210、本地端資料 可以是裝置在:φ㈣資料處理單元23°。該量測單元210 ==的變化，並上傳給該本地端資料處理= 二值’辨識是哪-個電器的使用 例不需要在各電時間及耗電費用。本實施 盗上都5又置一量測單元或電力計，而是藉 15 201206114 而 由後端的資料處理單^對各電器的電力特徵 可即時且自動化地賴絲電㈣ 上述之用電資料主要為電壓、實功率及虛二=料。 -級的校正或正規化及電力特徵值輯；若 ，仃第 則可以奇次譜波電流進行第二級的電力特徵值比對·^ 比對不成功，則可以電性參數(例如：電流、實功，右還 :、視在功率等)的暫態波形進行第三級的電力:徵= 該量測$元210除了上述的電力計或數位電表 亦可以是具有量測功能舰長線裝置。圖7為 ^明 -實施例之居家電器量測裝置的方塊圖， = 括：一提供電器電源的插座模組61〇、一雷士曰 '"匕 电刀I測描：έΒ 62〇、一顯示器63〇, 一無線傳輸模組64〇、及—咨、』犋組 貝科庫6 5 0。 如圖7所示，該插座模組包含至少一插座’該電 組620可量測該等插座的全部或其中一者的乾電資 =、 無線傳輸模組640用以將該電力量測模組所量測二^ 線傳送出去，該顯示器可顯示該電力量測模級旦貝；'… 電資料，並透過該無線傳輸模組640上傳給兮里測的耗 處理單元220。該資料庫650用以記錄該雷本地端資料 且該資料庫650所記錄的電器電性特徵可|的電性特徵’ 用者設定記錄；當有電器安裝在該播座上，電裔業者或使 可藉此電性特徵資訊而自動辨識該電器。’戎量測裴置亦 示，該延長線裝置的插座模組61〇亦°可、另外’如圖8所 611/612/613，該電力量測模組620包包含複數個插座 元621/622/623，各電力量測單元分 唆數個電力量測單 ^則各插座的耗電資The electrical characteristic value stored in the yuan. In the above electrical information, the .m monitoring value of I = - is = as the basis for judging the aging of the electrical appliance; t the electrical characteristic value corresponding to the variation value of the electrical data is substantially not (four) preset The threshold value determines that the appliance has aged. In addition, this: 铋: can calculate and record the electrical consumption of the electrical appliance under different voltage values: normalization of the ge =?, normalized, stored in the local knowing or retreating poor material processing unit. The method for monitoring the crying of the home 11 can be further embodied by the home appliance 2 of the following embodiment as the processing unit 根据 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The measuring unit 210 can be the device at: φ (four) data processing unit 23° . The measurement unit 210 == changes and uploads to the local end data processing = binary value 'identification' which is the use of the electrical appliance does not require the electricity time and power consumption. In the implementation of the stolen 5, a measuring unit or a power meter is set up, but by 15 201206114, the data processing of the back end is performed on the power characteristics of each electric appliance, and the electric power data of the electric appliance can be instantaneously and automatically (4) For voltage, real power and virtual two = material. - Level correction or normalization and power eigenvalues; if, 仃, then the odd-order spectral current can be compared to the second-level power eigenvalue comparison. If the comparison is unsuccessful, the electrical parameters (eg, current) , the actual power, the right also: the apparent power, etc.) of the transient waveform to carry out the third-level power: the sign = the measured $210, in addition to the above-mentioned electric meter or digital meter can also be a measuring function ship line device . Figure 7 is a block diagram of the home appliance measuring device of the embodiment, including: a socket module 61 for providing electrical power, and a sputum '" 匕 knife I measurement: έΒ 62〇, A display 63 〇, a wireless transmission module 64 〇, and - 咨, 犋 group Beikeku 650. As shown in FIG. 7, the socket module includes at least one socket. The power group 620 can measure the dry electricity of all or one of the sockets. The wireless transmission module 640 is configured to measure the power amount. The measurement line of the group is transmitted, and the display can display the power measurement module level; '...electric data, and is uploaded to the power consumption processing unit 220 through the wireless transmission module 640. The database 650 is used to record the local data of the mine and the electrical characteristics of the electrical properties recorded by the database 650 can be set by the user; when an electrical appliance is installed on the broadcast, the electronic operator or The electrical appliance can be automatically identified by the electrical characteristic information. The 戎 裴 亦 亦 , 插座 插座 插座 插座 插座 插座 插座 插座 插座 插座 插座 插座 插座 插座 插座 插座 插座 插座 插座 插座 插座 插座 插座 插座 插座 插座 插座 插座 插座 插座 插座 插座 插座 插座 621 621 621 621 621 621 621 621 622/623, each power measurement unit divides several power measurement orders, then the power consumption of each socket
S 16 201206114 料對應地$測該等插座的耗電資料，# 本地端資料處理單 态以顯不其耗電資料。 又田》茨,，，、貝不 :量：單元210的模組接線方式可以區分成直 %一種’前者為該電力量測模組直接連接至兮丰 卜後者為該電力量測模組藉由-扣環圍 1 力：：在:亥系統的交流電源線上，皆可量測職 力特徵。1測11 〇 v雷砧士斗、 07电 源110V和ον的位置進：’可以將電表接線接在電壓 電器的方式，可以將電心二如圖9所示。量測220V θ字電表接線接在電壓源110V和-110V的 位置，進仃置測，如圖10所示。量測驗電 =用__在_ i跡的位置，進行量^S 16 201206114 Correspondingly, the power consumption data of the sockets are measured, and the local data processing unit is used to display the power consumption data. Also, "Tian",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, By - buckle ring 1 force:: On the AC power line of the Hai system, the characteristics of the job force can be measured. 1 test 11 〇 v Thunder Anvil bucket, 07 power supply 110V and ον position into: 'You can connect the meter to the voltage electrical appliance, you can put the core 2 as shown in Figure 9. The 220V θ word meter is connected to the voltage source 110V and -110V, and is placed in the test, as shown in Figure 10. Measurement test = use __ at the position of _ i trace, the amount ^
〇 ^"'J22〇V 戶=辛電厂轉請和挪的位置，進行量測，如圖12 該本地端資料處理單元22〇内含有一第一資料庫用以 及/或曾使用的居家電器的電器資訊，且 處理單元220用以計算該用電資料的正規化 二=! ’並與該第一資料庫所儲存之電器資訊進行初 ★的比對。由於該第—資料庫僅儲存本地端常用的及/或祕 使用的居家電器的電器資訊，其可允許較小的容量，並I 較容易比對到該居家的電器使用狀態。但若是一新電琴首 次使用於該居家，或其他的原因導致該本地端資料處理單 的比對或辨識失敗，則可將此電器的特徵值送到該 SΉ斗處理單元230 ’以進行進一步或更多電器資料量 17 201206114 : = 第：資料庫所儲存的電器資訊的欄位及格式可 ^離，或上資訊··電器品牌、電器類型、型號、及 / ’…、中一者以上之組合；B類之電性特徵，包 含功率特徵之電壓、實辦、正規化指數、虛功率、及 之規化指數;奇次諧波電流之一次諧波電流、三次諧波 机或五-人自自波電流；暫態特徵之暫態波形資料、資料 ^員型、取樣率、取樣時間長度及區間；及實功率、虛功貝率抖 奇次谐波電流、暫態特徵之微㈣化等；或上述特徵二種 p上之組合。而對於具有強弱段次操作的電器，其電器資 Λ可以f包括強弱段次的特徵，例如：各強弱操作之段次、 電壓、實功率、實功率正規化指數、虛功率、虛功率正規 化指數、奇次諧波電流、暫態特徵、或上述二者以上之組 合’其中該暫態特徵包括：暫態波形資料、資料類型、取 樣率、及取樣時間長度及區間。 由電器使用的習慣來看，一般具有強弱段次或多種功 能的電器在開啟後’其變動狀況常為段次或功能切換的操 作；因此，當用電資料發生變化時’可先比對目前工作中 的電器之強弱段次切換的電性特徵值變動量，以利比對工 作的快速進行。此外，為使該第一資料庫内的各電器電性 特徵資料能即時更新，以利比對工作的準確性，本實施例 可對該比對出的電器之用電資料的歷史記錄進行加權 的計算，並用以更新該電器於該本地端資料處理單元所儲 存之電性特徵值。在上述的該電器資訊中，更可以包括二 預設的門檻值以作為判斷該電器發生老化的依據；例如， 當該用電資料變動值所對應的電性特徵值實質上不等於气 201206114 預設門檻值，則判斷該電器已發生老化。另外，本實施例 更可包含一電壓量測正規化模組，用以計算與記錄該電器 在不同電壓值下的耗電曲線，並以前述的正規化方式進行 正規化後，儲存於該本地端資料處理單元。此外，本實施 例可包括一電器分類模組，用以依照電器屬性而分類該電 器資訊的電性特徵值，該電器屬性包括電阻類、馬達類、 幫浦類、電子產品類、及日光燈管類。藉由各類別的電器 產生其特有的電力特徵值，可初步得知該電器的類別，而 不須對整個資料庫進行比對，只須比對與該類別相關的部 份資料庫，因此可加速比對的進行。 該遠端資料處理單元230内含有一第二資料庫用以儲 存各種居家電器的電器資訊，且該遠端資料處理單元用以 將該用電資料的正規化值之變動量與該第二資料庫所儲存 之電器資訊進行比對。基本上，本實施例期待該第二資料 庫能儲存所有居家電器的電器資訊，或是當新品種或新型 號的電器一出廠，就能將其電性規格或電力特徵值向該資 料庫登錄，使得該第二資料庫擁有完整的電器資訊以供比 對。該遠端資料處理單元230可視為本地端該第一資料庫 的後勤支援，當本地端資料處理單元220的比對或辨識失 敗，則電器的特徵值被送至此，以進行完整的電器資料比 對。若比對成功，則於該遠端資料處理單元230回傳該電 器的特徵值至該本地端資料處理單元220,儲存於該第一 資料庫並將結果顯示於該本地端資料處理單元220所屬的 顯示螢幕上；若比對不成功，則於該遠端資料處理單元230 亦會回傳結果給該本地端資料處理單元220，並將結果顯 19 201206114 不於本地端的顯示螢幕上。 上-述實關的量難置亦可以具有f料處理 及顯不功能的高階量測裝置，資枓庫 :)，來取代量測單元21G及本地端資料處=== 電力特徵值、及比對電力特徵的運算， j於出 二該方法3。。包含下列步驟方== 電表’用以量測居家的用電資料’·步驟32〇，正規化= Π，步驟330 ’計算該用電資料之變動 :‘ :=值=慧電表所儲存之電器資訊的‘二 進仃比對，及步驟350，根據比對結果選 ^ 比對結果符合-電器之電性特徵值，則進行步 認係為該電器的用電狀態改變；否則進行步驟35送 該用電資料之變動值至—遠端資料處理系統進行再 並將再比對的結果傳回且更新該智慧電表所儲存資 戒的電性特徵。該智慧電表所量測的用電資料至少包 =壓丄實功率及虛功率’並根據該電壓來正規化該用電資 料。▲所量測到的用電資料發生變化時，該智慧電表即進 行此變動值的計算。本實施例流程的其他細部說明請參照 如上之第一實施例所述，在此不再贅述。 在第二實施例中，倘若該遠端資料處理單元230具有 強大的資料處理能力，及與量測單元21G之間 資 傳輸能力，則本地端資料處理單元220是可以省略的。以 下的實施例即是以-般的量測裝置來量測用電資料，而校 20 201206114 遠電力_運算及 笛m叶愿理早70 230來執行。圖〗4為本發明 包含下居豕電器監測方法的流程示意圖。該方法400 正規化兮ί d驟41 g，#翁家的用電f料，·步驟4 2 〇， =值值表所儲存之電器資訊的 顯示於本地端，=曰 將比對的結果傳回並 實功…= 測的用電資料至少包含:電壓、 、雙1 ;ί，並根據該電壓來正規化該用電資料。當 電資料發生變化時，該遠端資料處理單元即 算。本實施例流程的其他細部說明請參 …如上之第一實施例所述，在此不再贅述。 “=;===下實施例的居家電 包括量測單71510及遠端資料處 的雷七“、"里測早兀210可以是裝置在家中配電箱内 ϊίη電表，量測居家總用電資料的變化，並上 id:處理單元53〇;藉由各電器的電力特徵值， 那-個電器的使用狀態改變，並估算該電器的用電 =及=電費用。本實施例不需要在各電器上都設置一量 ’、|J早兀或電力計’而是藉由後端的資料處理單元對各電器 白^電力特徵值的比對，而可即時且自動化地辨識居家電器 的使用狀態及用電資料。上述之用電資料主要為電壓 =率及虛功率’以進行第一級的校正或正規化及電力特徵 值比對；若比對不成功，則可以奇次譜波電流進行第二級 21 201206114 的電力特徵值比對；若還比對不成功，則可以電性參數(例 如：電流、實功率、虛功率、視在功率等）的暫態波形進行 第三級的電力特徵值比對。 該遠端資料處理單元530用以計算該用電資料的正規 化值之變動量，其包含一資料庫用以儲存各種居家電器的 電器資訊，且該遠端資料處理單元530用以將該用電資料 的正規化值之變動量與該資料庫所儲存之電器資訊進行比 對。基本上，本實施例期待該資料庫能儲存所有居家電器 的電器資訊，或是當新品種或新型號的電器一出廠，就能 % 將其電性規格或電力特徵值向該資料庫登錄，使之擁有完 整的電器資訊以供比對。比對的結果亦將回傳而顯示於本 地端的顯示螢幕上。本實施例系統的其他細部說明請參照 如上之第二實施例所述，在此不再贅述。 隨著電器長期使用，電力特徵可能會因使用者習慣或 環境供電不穩定造成電力特徵值逐漸改變，而導致系統誤 判。因此，本實施例系統將透過適應性電力特徵值自動調 整技術，以解決電器老化問題、增加辨識之精準度以及提 供不良電器更換建議警示。本實施例利用過去開啟的每一 個電力特徵值分別加上一個權重去更新本地端電力特徵值 資料，一但該電力特徵值偏離遠本正常值太多時便視為不 良電器之警告，因此本地端電力特徵值之更新方法如下列 計算方式： 201206114 其中=第π次開啟，屮=權重，w =過去幾筆資料。 舉例來說，若w = 3, q = = ‘則代表將過去近三次開啟 的電力特徵值計算平均，然後更新為該電器最新的電力特 徵值，所以當電器逐漸老化，本實施例系統將不會造成誤 判。 唯以上所述者，包含：特徵、步驟、結構、及其它類 似的效果，僅為本發明之實施範例，亦可為該領域所屬的 技藝人士在依本發明申請專利範圍進行均等變化及修飾， 仍將不失本發明之要義所在，亦不脫離本發明之精神和範 圍，故都應視為本發明的進一步實施狀況，當不能以之限 制本發明的範圍。 23 201206114 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1為一電器開啟或關閉後的實功率曲線圖。 圖2為一些常用電器的功率分佈示意圖。 圖3為一電器開啟之前後的奇次諧波電流之變化示意圖。 圖4為當一電器開啟的實功率暫態變化示意圖。 圖5為根據本發明第一實施例之居家電器監測方法的流程 示意圖。 圖6為根據本發明第二實施例之居家電器監測系統。 圖7為根據本發明一實施例之居家電器量測裝置的方塊 圖。 圖8為根據本發明另一實施例之居家電器量測裝置的方塊 圖，其具有複數個插座及電力量測單元。 圖9為前述實施例之居家電器量測裝置的第一種接線方式 的示意圖。 圖10為前述實施例之居家電器量測裝置的第二種接線方 式的示意圖。 圖11為前述實施例之居家電器量測裝置的第三種接線方 式的示意圖。 圖12為前述實施例之居家電器量測裝置的第四種接線方 式的示意圖。 ' 圖13為根據本發明第三實施例之居家電器監測方法的流 程示意圖。 圖14為根據本發明第四實施例之居家電器監測方法的卞〇^"'J22〇V household=Xinhua Power Plant transfer and move position, measure, as shown in Figure 12, the local data processing unit 22 contains a first database and/or used home The electrical information of the electrical appliance, and the processing unit 220 is configured to calculate the normalization of the electrical data 2 =! ' and compare with the electrical information stored in the first database. Since the first database only stores the electrical information of the household appliances commonly used and/or used at the local end, it can allow a smaller capacity, and I can easily compare the state of use of the appliance to the home. However, if a new keyboard is used for the first time in the home, or for other reasons, the comparison or identification of the local data processing list fails, the characteristic value of the appliance can be sent to the S bucket processing unit 230' for further processing. Or more electrical data volume 17 201206114 : = No.: The field and format of the electrical information stored in the database can be separated, or on the information · · electrical brand, electrical type, model, and / '..., one or more Combination; Class B electrical characteristics, including power characteristics of voltage, implementation, normalization index, virtual power, and regulatory index; odd harmonic current of the first harmonic current, third harmonic machine or five - Human self-wave current; transient waveform data of transient characteristics, data type, sampling rate, sampling time length and interval; and real power, virtual power rate, odd harmonic current, transient characteristics of micro (4) Or the like; or a combination of the above two features p. For appliances with strong and weak operation, the electrical equipment can include the characteristics of strong and weak segments, such as: the order of each strong and weak operation, voltage, real power, real power normalization index, virtual power, virtual power normalization The exponent, the odd harmonic current, the transient characteristic, or a combination of the two or more 'the transient characteristics include: transient waveform data, data type, sampling rate, and sampling time length and interval. From the habit of using electrical appliances, generally, appliances with strong or weak segments or multiple functions are often operated as a segment or function switching after being turned on; therefore, when the power consumption data changes, it can be compared first. The amount of change in the electrical characteristic value of the switch of the strong and weak sections of the working electrical appliance is fast to facilitate the work. In addition, in order to enable the electrical property data of each electrical appliance in the first database to be updated in time to facilitate the accuracy of the work, the embodiment can weight the historical record of the electrical energy data of the compared electrical appliance. The calculation is used to update the electrical characteristic value stored by the appliance at the local data processing unit. In the above electrical information, the second preset threshold value may be included as a basis for judging the aging of the electrical appliance; for example, when the electrical characteristic value corresponding to the electrical data variation value is substantially not equal to the gas 201206114 If the threshold is set, it is judged that the appliance has aged. In addition, the embodiment further includes a voltage measurement normalization module for calculating and recording the power consumption curve of the electrical device at different voltage values, and normalizing the normalized manner to be stored in the local End data processing unit. In addition, the embodiment may include an electrical classification module for classifying electrical characteristic values of the electrical information according to electrical properties, and the electrical properties include resistance, motor, pump, electronic products, and fluorescent tubes. class. By generating the unique power characteristic value of each type of electrical appliance, the type of the electrical appliance can be initially known without having to compare the entire database, and only need to compare some of the databases related to the category, so Accelerate the comparison. The remote data processing unit 230 includes a second database for storing electrical information of various home appliances, and the remote data processing unit is configured to change the normalized value of the power data with the second data. The electrical information stored in the library is compared. Basically, this embodiment expects that the second database can store all the electrical information of the home appliance, or when the new type or the new type of electrical appliance is shipped from the factory, the electrical specification or the power characteristic value can be registered to the database. So that the second database has complete electrical information for comparison. The remote data processing unit 230 can be regarded as the logistical support of the first database at the local end. When the comparison or identification of the local data processing unit 220 fails, the feature value of the electrical appliance is sent thereto to perform a complete electrical data ratio. Correct. If the comparison is successful, the remote data processing unit 230 returns the feature value of the appliance to the local data processing unit 220, stores the data in the first database, and displays the result in the local data processing unit 220. If the comparison is unsuccessful, the remote data processing unit 230 will also return the result to the local data processing unit 220, and the result 19 201206114 is not displayed on the local display. The above-mentioned amount of real-time can also be set to have a high-order measurement device with f-processing and display function, and the asset library:), instead of the measurement unit 21G and the local end data === power characteristic value, and The operation of the power feature is compared to the method 3. . The following steps are included: ==Electrometer' is used to measure the electricity consumption data of the home'. Step 32〇, Normalization = Π, Step 330 'Calculate the change of the electricity consumption data: ' := Value = Electric appliance stored in the POWER meter The 'two-input comparison of the information, and step 350, according to the comparison result, the comparison result is in accordance with the electrical characteristic value of the electrical appliance, and then the step recognition is to change the power state of the electrical appliance; otherwise, the step 35 is sent. The variation of the power usage data is forwarded to the remote data processing system and the result of the comparison is transmitted back and the electrical characteristics of the resource stored in the smart meter are updated. The power meter measured by the smart meter includes at least = compressed real power and virtual power ' and normalizes the power based on the voltage. ▲When the measured power consumption data changes, the smart meter calculates the change value. For a detailed description of the flow of the embodiment, refer to the foregoing first embodiment, and details are not described herein again. In the second embodiment, if the remote data processing unit 230 has strong data processing capability and the transmission capability with the measurement unit 21G, the local data processing unit 220 can be omitted. The following embodiment uses a general measuring device to measure the power consumption data, and the school 20 201206114 far power _ calculation and flute m leaves will be implemented as early as 70 230. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the flow of the method for monitoring the electrical appliances of the lower residence. The method 400 normalizes 兮ί d 41 g, #翁家的电电料, ·Step 4 2 〇, = value table stored in the electrical information displayed on the local end, = 曰 will compare the results of the transmission Back and actual work...= The measured power consumption data includes at least: voltage, double 1 ; ί, and normalizes the power data according to the voltage. When the electrical data changes, the remote data processing unit is counted. For a detailed description of the flow of the embodiment, please refer to the first embodiment as described above, and details are not described herein again. “=;===The home appliance of the following example includes the measurement unit 71510 and the remote data section of the remote data department. “" 里测早兀210 can be the device in the distribution box at home ϊίη electric meter, measuring the total use of the home The change of the electrical data, and the upper id: processing unit 53 〇; by the electrical characteristic value of each electrical appliance, the state of use of the electrical appliance changes, and the electrical power of the electrical appliance = and = electricity cost is estimated. In this embodiment, it is not necessary to set an amount ',|J early or power meter' on each electrical appliance, but the data processing unit of the back end can compare the electrical characteristic values of the electrical appliances, and can be instantaneously and automatically Identify the usage status and power usage information of the home appliance. The above-mentioned power consumption data mainly includes voltage=rate and virtual power' for performing the first-stage correction or normalization and power characteristic value comparison; if the comparison is unsuccessful, the odd-order spectral current can be performed for the second stage 21 201206114 The power characteristic value comparison is performed; if the comparison is unsuccessful, the third-level power characteristic value comparison can be performed on the transient waveform of the electrical parameter (for example, current, real power, virtual power, apparent power, etc.). The remote data processing unit 530 is configured to calculate a variation of the normalized value of the power data, and includes a database for storing electrical information of various home appliances, and the remote data processing unit 530 is configured to use the data. The amount of change in the normalized value of the electrical data is compared with the electrical information stored in the database. Basically, this embodiment expects that the database can store all the electrical information of the home appliance, or when a new or new type of electrical appliance is shipped from the factory, the electrical specification or the power characteristic value can be registered to the database. Make it complete with electrical information for comparison. The result of the comparison will also be returned and displayed on the display screen of the local terminal. For a detailed description of the system in this embodiment, refer to the second embodiment above, and details are not described herein again. With the long-term use of electrical appliances, the power characteristics may change due to user habits or unstable environmental power supply, resulting in system misjudgment. Therefore, the system of the present embodiment will automatically adjust the technology by adapting the power feature value to solve the problem of aging of the appliance, increase the accuracy of the identification, and provide warnings for the replacement of the defective appliance. In this embodiment, each of the power feature values that have been turned on in the past is added with a weight to update the local power feature value data. When the power feature value deviates too far from the normal value, it is regarded as a warning of the bad electrical device, so the local The method for updating the end power characteristic value is as follows: 201206114 where = πth turn on, 屮=weight, w = past data. For example, if w = 3, q = = ', it means that the power feature values that have been turned on nearly three times in the past are averaged and then updated to the latest power feature value of the appliance, so when the appliance is gradually aging, the system of this embodiment will not Will cause misjudgment. The above description includes the features, the steps, the structure, and the like, and is only an embodiment of the present invention, and may be equally modified and modified by those skilled in the art according to the scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. 23 201206114 [Simple description of the diagram] Figure 1 is a graph of real power after an appliance is turned on or off. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the power distribution of some common electrical appliances. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing changes in odd harmonic currents before and after an electric appliance is turned on. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of real-time transient changes when an appliance is turned on. Fig. 5 is a flow chart showing a method of monitoring a home appliance according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 is a diagram showing a home appliance monitoring system in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 is a block diagram of a home appliance measuring device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a home appliance measuring device having a plurality of sockets and a power measuring unit according to another embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 9 is a view showing the first wiring mode of the home appliance measuring device of the foregoing embodiment. Fig. 10 is a view showing the second wiring mode of the home appliance measuring device of the foregoing embodiment. Fig. 11 is a view showing a third wiring mode of the home appliance measuring device of the foregoing embodiment. Fig. 12 is a view showing the fourth wiring mode of the home appliance measuring device of the foregoing embodiment. Figure 13 is a flow chart showing a method of monitoring a home appliance according to a third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a method for monitoring a home appliance according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
24 S 201206114 圖15為根據本發明第五實施例之居家電器監測系統。 【主要元件符號說明】 100第一實施例之方法 步驟 110/120/130/140/150/151/152 200第二實施例之系統 210量測單元 220本地端資料處理單元 230遠端資料處理單元 300第三實施例之方法 步驟 310/320/330/340/350/351/352 400第四實施例之方法 步驟 410/420/430/440/450 500第五實施例之系統 510量測單元 530遠端資料處理單元 610插座模組 611/612/613 插座 620電力量測模組 621/622/623電力量測單元 630顯示器 640無線傳輸模組 650資料庫 2524 S 201206114 FIG. 15 is a home appliance monitoring system according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. [Description of Main Element Symbols] 100 Method Step 110/120/130/140/150/151/152 of the First Embodiment 200 System 210 Measurement Unit 220 Local End Data Processing Unit 230 Remote Data Processing Unit Method 300 of the third embodiment 300/320/330/340/350/351/352 400 Method of the fourth embodiment Step 410/420/430/440/450 500 System 510 measurement unit 530 of the fifth embodiment Remote data processing unit 610 socket module 611/612/613 socket 620 power measurement module 621/622/623 power measurement unit 630 display 640 wireless transmission module 650 database 25