TW201140123A - Locating electromagnetic signal sources - Google Patents

Abstract

There is disclosed a method of estimating the location of a plurality of electromagnetic signal sources, comprising: scanning at a first plurality of locations to generate signal source position data, the signal source position data representing estimates of the position of at least one of said signal sources; scanning at a second plurality of locations using a signal detection system to generate signal detection data, the signal detection data relating to signals received at the second plurality of locations from the signal sources; processing the signal source position data in dependence on the signal detection data to correct estimation errors in the signal source position data; and outputting the processed signal source position data.

Description

201140123 VI. Description of the Invention: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method and system for estimating the location of a plurality of electromagnetic signal sources. [Prior Art] An example of an electromagnetic signal source is a wireless access point, such as a (four) base station (wireless access point) for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic light rays in the form of radio waves. Wireless communication with the device. Other sources of electromagnetic signals may, for example, include optical (infrared) communication devices and a wide variety of electromagnetic/wireless beacons. It is sometimes desirable to estimate the location of the electromagnetic signal source. In the _ example, the details of the wireless access point (WAP), the cellular φπ μ & ^ beer-type telephone antenna mast and other electromagnetic signal sources and other attributes are determined - the device can then Measure the electromagnetic signals detected at the device (such as the singularity of the RF illusion) and calculate the user's position by referring to the position determined by the syllabus. For example, 'the wisdom with one of the w" Fi capabilities The phone can determine the identity and signal strength of the neighboring WAP, and can determine the location of the smart phone (and thus the user) based on the position of the peers in the discussion. The better the estimation of the positioning of the signal source (WAp), the better the user's positioning estimate. In the temple setting example, the factory driving attack (give "叩") is used to drive around with the vehicle (four) (4) Vehicle (4) Positioning within the (WAP) area. 哕 缸 缸 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Bit, and signal detection equipment (including (for example) a high side 153204.doc 201140 123 directional antennas and Wi-Fi interface circuits) identify the relative positions and other attributes of the WAPs. Then two pieces of information can be used to determine the absolute position of the WAPs. The walking attack can complete a similar procedure, one person everywhere Carrying a reduced device to achieve the same effect. Driving attacks are trapped by precision limits that can be used to determine the position of WAp and other sources. Signal propagation is affected by environmental factors and is further away from the source, such as multipath propagation and signals. The effect of attenuation becomes more pronounced. The necessary distance between a vehicle on the road and a WAP base station (usually installed inside a building remote from the road) can result in significant inaccuracies in the estimation of such WAp locations, and Other WAPs may not be able to speculate at this distance. These factors can reduce the accuracy of the location service using the data derived from the driving attack. The walking attack can allow the carrying detection device to be closer to the WAP and even enter the building 4 Inside the object, but after entering the building, the 接收1> § receiver is usually attributed to the lack of direct view with GPS satellites. Therefore, both the driving attack and the walking attack are trapped in the accuracy limit of the position estimation, and in some cases, the failure of the GPS or similar positioning system cannot be allowed to be determined at all. Positioning. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A first aspect of the present invention provides a method of estimating a location of a plurality of electromagnetic signal sources (eg, wireless access points), including: scanning at a first plurality of locations: For example, using a handheld scanner or other scanner (such as a mobile phone or laptop) to generate source location data, the source location data representing an estimate of the location of one or more of the sources 153204.doc 201140123 uses a signal (four) system (such as a __Wi.Fi transceiver) to scan at a second plurality of locations (which are different from the first plurality of locations) to generate signal detection data, the signal reading data system Information about signals received from the sources at the second plurality of locations (and including, for example, information about received signal strength and WAP base station identifiers); relying on (four) (four) phase data to process the signals The source location data is used to correct the estimated error in the source location data; and the output (e.g., for a bank in a database) the processed source location is poor. In a case of a luxury gentleman, in the example, the source location data represents an estimate of the location of each (each) source. The source location data includes, for example, a wireless access point (WAp) and an identifier of the et al. or other electromagnetic signal source and its identifiers in two or three dimensions and may contain another information such as signal strength, location Accuracy estimation. The 3H method can be performed in any suitable device or location, such as in a portable handset or other device that may be performing the scanning operation and/or in a remote feeder system. In particular, the processing steps are: but not necessarily required to be performed by the same processor, computer, microcontroller or other pirate, and the processing steps can be subdivided and distributed across different processors as needed. Corrected by using a k-th detection system (such as an m-interface) for a second scan at a second set of locations (eg, at a location closer to the tearing base in an unreachable area of the driving attack) Estimating the position of the signal sources does not require providing a similar global positioning system: (: ps) function at the second set of locations. This correction is not likely to improve the estimation of the position of a particular source in each case 'but generally, the signal estimates are generally improved for I53204.doc 201140123. Of course, there may be special sources and configurations that may violate this trend; t environment and configuration (eg due to scanning in signal black points, extreme propagation effects (such as multipath effects), etc.) The nickname detection data includes at least one of a signal strength, a MAC address (if appropriate for a networked device) or other identification 4 m associated with a __signal source. Preferably, 'this The processing of the source location data includes applying at least one of an algorithm for arrival time (9) A), time difference of arrival (TDGA), (four) angle (code), and received signal strength (RSS) for the signal. Preferably, the processing of the source location data further comprises using the detection data No. 1 to estimate the location of the second plurality of digits - a plurality of digits of the digits, for example, to adjust the second plurality of locations An estimate of the location (i.e., where the second set of swabs are performed) is presented to a person operating the scanning device to allow for a visual or other inspection (and may, for example, refer to other information and refer to the Estimated scan position to For example, checking that the estimated location is not in a wall or other unreachable and significantly incorrect location: the white side: may further include receiving location information indicating a sfl of the second plurality of locations, and The request and processing of the (4) source location data may further include using the location information to estimate the location of the first plurality of locations. For example, the location information may include _, 0 including the A user estimate of the location of the plurality of locations that are located. The location information may include at least one of the sources of the electromagnetic signals. The pin r includes a user estimate of the location of the three. The method further includes inputting the location via a user input device (such as a handheld unit) via a vehicle 4, and the method may include or enhance the second plurality An estimated user of the location receives the data. The method can include one or more additional sensors that self-measure one of the parameters of the movement, direction or height (eg, a magnetometer, Receiving data by one or more of an accelerometer, an air dust meter, may consider the received data when estimating the position of the second plurality of locations. The positioning information material may improve at least one of the second plurality of locations Estimate ° In the example, if the approximate GPS (if available) or other positioning system readings appear to be incorrect, the user can enter a correction to approximate GPS (if available) or other positioning system readings. Additional reference material (such as a height) may also be input (or alternatively) that may, for example, overcome the relative inaccuracy of height readings in GPS and similar systems. One of the buildings in which the user may be located The floor number form of the object is most easily entered into the height; for example by multiplying an average/universal floor height (such as 5 meters 10 meters or somewhere in the middle) with the floor number and adding to one of the positions The benchmark is used, or the floor number is converted to a height using a more detailed education or the location of the building in question to obtain a more accurate result. . Processing the source location data may additionally or alternatively include:

The environmental model selects the data and indicates the accuracy of the environmental model. In this case, at least one of the environment model parameter data of a 153204.doc 201140123 option of at least one parameter of one of the environmental models is selected, and the at least one of the environment model parameter data and the environment model parameter data is selected according to the environment model. Processing the signal detection data. The method can further include inputting the at least one of the environmental model selection data and the environmental model parameter data via a user input device. Alternatively, the selection data or parameter data may be entered elsewhere, such as after one of the appropriate knowledge, experience, or training measures or the system operator has performed the measurement. In another embodiment, the model or model parameters may be automatically derived (to an appropriate extent) (eg, by sensing the device or, for example, by reference to the estimated scan location and associated geographic data) ). Different environmental models can be applied depending on certain measurable factors. For example, a different environmental model (such as, for example, the Stanford University Interim (SUI) model) may be applied depending on whether the scan is located indoors or outdoors. , at the scanning location (eg using a handheld device) or the remote end (consistent with the scanning procedure or at a later time / date) to an appropriate extent for the purpose of this article The appropriate information. / Shao Yong's basically arbitrary The signal to generate the table further includes the source information of the source of the sea. Wp Originally estimated by another newly updated estimated coordinate (eg 'WAP base compares the positioning of these sources first'): (for example) the eigenmap to allow viewing of <疋 only prior estimates & The description of 'can be cross-referenced to new estimates, (4) the heart as before G'J) check the new I53204.doc 201140123 meter positioning is credible. Preferably, the method further comprises processing the source location data and the another source location data to determine an appropriate adjustment to the source location data. Any suitable processing can be used to determine the appropriate adjustment, including, for example, a least squares estimation method. The method may further include processing the signal (4) to estimate the location of the additional signal source that is not detected at the first plurality of locations, and adding additional 彳5 source location data to the signal Source location data. Thus, the first scan phase (at the second set of locations) may, for example, expose a signal source (such as a WAP base station) that was not found in the first scan phase (at the first set of locations) The scanning at the first plurality of locations preferably includes: scanning at the first plurality of locations to generate an initial signal (four) data, the initial signal prediction data being related to the first plurality of locations a signal received by the signal source; processing the initial signal detection data according to the first scan position data, generating a position estimate data, the __scan position data indicating a position of each of the first plurality of positions. 'These signal sources can be used in two stages to facilitate estimation of the position of the sources. The scanning at the first plurality of locations can include generating the initial signal using the (described above) signal detection system Detect data. Alternatively, use a different signal (4) system. For example, more sophisticated in-vehicle equipment can be used for this first-scan phase, and less precise but more actionable equipment can be used. a second scanning phase. The method can further include using 153204.doc 201140123 a positioning system (which can be an absolute calibration system), such as a global navigation star system (for example, each of the first plurality of positionings) Such as (four) or AGPS, navigation guard

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Galhleo)) to produce the first woman a m罝 bei. The positioning can include, for example, a GPS/AGPS device, a binocular positioning based on a cell, a two-dimensional positioning, an inertial sensor, a geographic information system (GJS), or a group of people. ugly σ two or more One of the subsystems is a hybrid system. Alternatively, a manual method can be used 'for example, by one of the scanning devices, the typed data batch, < 贞村. The conventional printed map can be used, for example, to establish the location of each location. When 鈇, 田,... J, there are other procedures for determining the location depending on the situation. A user interface can be provided to enable a user to input data to enable or enhance the performance of the positioning system, such as (4) GPS assistance data (estimating position, time, ephemeris, etc. the method may include one or more additional sensors that self-measure one of parameters of movement, direction or altitude (eg, a magnetometer, an accelerometer) Receiving data in one or more of a barometer. In general, the positioning system may be more effective at the first plurality of locations than at the second plurality of locations. Additionally, the positioning system may be At least one of the second plurality of locations is inoperable (or indeed may be 25%, 50〇/., 75〇/., 80%, 90〇/〇 or 95°/〇 above the second plurality of locations) Incapable of operating.) For example, the second plurality of positioning may be partially (eg, 25%, 50%, 75°/., 80%, 90%, or 95°/.) or all indoors, while blocking GPS and Other absolute/global positioning systems operate effectively. Conversely, the ig detection system may generally be more effective at the second plurality of locations than at the first plurality of locations at 3 Hz. For example, the signal detection system It may only work (or work most efficiently), such as neighboring eight, only relatively close to the source or when the detection system lacks attenuating material with π / a1 of the I53204.doc -10- 201140123 signal source. Knife (blocking such as 25%, 50%, 75%, 80%, 90% or more) or all 6 ° 丨 indoors or unobstructed by the wall. The first plurality of positioning (such as by the heart of the * brother Xu—the need for the vehicle to pass through.” It may be that the source of the U et al. Allowing effective detection. This method can be difficult to stop A·l, in-v including using a signal detection at another plurality of locations to scan first to generate another signal detection data, and relying on the other L number Detecting data to process the source location data. Thus, the second scan phase can be repeated one by one, two or more times to further improve the accuracy of the position estimates. In an example, a second (or another) signal detection system can be used at the first or second (or another) plurality of scan locations to supplement the (first) nickname detection system and further improve the The accuracy of the location estimate. The first, second, and (as appropriate) additional scan phases are performed substantially simultaneously (on the same day or on the same day, etc.). The method can further include processing the source location data to generate map material representing a map of the ones of the sources. The term "map J preferably implicitly includes a collection of data encoding and/or identifying at least one geographic or other location. The map may, for example, be a set of records, wherein each record provides a two-dimensional or a three-dimensional coordinate, and may also contain another material (such as an assigned name or identifier) about the source, the map may be embodied in a computer readable signal or medium, or may be, for example, human readable Form 6 of the 6th source of the consistent source (for example, overlaying a conventional geographic plan). The map may be encoded in any suitable format, such as 153204.doc •]1 · 201140123 (eg GIS file standard" The signal source can be - a wireless access point in a wireless communication network, such as a base station. The signal source can be a Wi_FutWiMax base station, (4) or other cellular communication tower, - a radio transmitter Or a beacon or any other suitable source of electromagnetic signals. For example, the source may facilitate unidirectional (such as a simple transmitter) or bidirectional (such as - network node) communication. The at least one of the source location data and the processed source location data may be transmitted via the wireless access point. This facilitates, for example, a handheld device having limited computing power and memory. The processing of the data is distributed between the server and the database. Alternatively, the same device can be used to perform all processing and scanning functions. Typically, at least part of the scan is performed using a handheld portable device. For example, one can be used. A suitably equipped handheld device (such as a suitably configured mobile phone, laptop or handheld device customized for a particular application) performs this second scanning phase (at the second plurality of locations) and The first scanning phase is also performed (in the first plurality of positioning locations, additionally or alternatively, at least part of the scanning can be performed using the in-vehicle portable device. For example, 'can be used with and can be handheld The device compares: : good power and selectivity (eg using a directional antenna) one of the onboard devices performs at least this first scanning phase. The method can be step-by-step Included: storing the processed source location data, receiving a user location request from a user device (such as a mobile phone or other portable device), the user location request including the user device Corresponding to a signal detection system (such as a receiver 153204.doc -12·201140123 obtained data; relying on the user location request data to process the stored ## source location data to generate a representation of the user device Locating an estimated user location data; and outputting the user location data. Therefore, the above mentioned method can be integrated into a user location service. The user location method can use the user device or the far Additional systems in the server (or elsewhere, such as via the Internet) to aid in estimating the positioning of the user device. For example, a built-in GPS receiver in the user device can be used. The delta method may include identifying one or more locations in which no user location service or one of the user location services is less than a threshold and one or more additional sources of electromagnetic signals are provided to provide or Improving the accuracy of one of the identified locations of the user location service. A new source is then scanned at another second set of locations. In any of the methods as described above, the travel may be performed between a plurality of locations, such as between the first plurality of locations and/or between the second plurality of locations ( For example, a scan is performed by a user walking, via a vehicle or one of them. The user can interact with any hardware type to facilitate any of the other method steps mentioned above (or below). In another aspect of the present invention, a method for estimating a position of a plurality of electromagnetic signal sources is provided, the method comprising: inputting a source source location data, the source location data representation being scanned by the first plurality of locations An estimate of the position of the pair or a plurality of such sources; the input signal of the input signal, the signal detection data being related to the signals received from the sources at the second plurality of locations; The signal detection data is processed to process the signal source 153204.doc 201140123 location data to correct the estimation error in the source location data; and output the processed source location data. This method finds, for example, a particular application of a computer code for a server operable to communicate with a user device at a scanning location via a network or other communication link. In another aspect of the invention, a portable unit programmed with computer code is provided for causing the portable unit to perform one of the methods described above. In still another aspect of the present invention, a server programmed with a computer code for causing the portable unit to perform one of the methods described above is provided. Although the embodiments of the present invention described above with reference to the drawings include a method performed by a computer device and φ includes a computer device, the present invention also extends to program instructions, particularly adapted to perform the present invention. The program or program for causing a computer to execute as a program on or in the carrier of the computer device of the present invention. The program may be in the form of an original code, a destination code, a code intermediate source (such as in a partially compiled form) or any other form of embodiment suitable for use in accordance with the present invention. The carrier can be any entity or device capable of piggybacking the program. For example, the carrier may include a storage medium (such as a R〇M (eg, -cD ROM or -semi-body R〇M) or a magnetic recording medium (eg & a floppy disk, hard disk) or flash memory In addition, the carrier may be a transmittable carrier (such as a signal or optical signal) that can be transmitted via electricity, € or a domain or by radio or other means. When m is included in the I53204 .doc 201140123 When the signal is transmitted directly from one of the cables, the carrier may consist of such a cable or other device or component. Although various aspects and embodiments of the invention have been described separately above, the invention Any of these aspects and features may be used in conjunction with any other aspect, embodiment, or feature, where appropriate. For example, device features may be interchanged with method features where appropriate. [Embodiment] Reference Now The following drawings illustrate an example embodiment of the present invention. A method and system for a source of electromagnetic signals for use in a signal received by a user II device and using the above The party mentioned The method and the previously collected data of the system locate the user-system, the 'first--------------------------------------------- The positioning of the stationary electromagnetic signal sources: an error in the estimated tenth. The resulting chirp of the stationary electromagnetic signal source is later used as a reference for locating the _ (usually mobile) user device. In a particular embodiment, a method for dynamically determining the location of a wireless access point (WAP) or wireless beacon in a wireless technology based system (such as a location seat) is described. The wireless standard described in this document Mainly Wl:Fl_' and the positioning system is mainly - Wi-Fi based system, but this method can be applied to other related standards such as Bluetooth and other systems. In addition, +士+; It can be used to determine other communication technologies (such as in the positioning of base stations in sway communication (for example, (4) and sing), (4). I53204.doc 15 201140123 In a Wi-Fi-based positioning system, the coordinates of WAp /positioning along with other signals The algorithm is used together to estimate user location in a wireless local area network (WLAN) where the users can be mobile or stationary within the WLAN and have any device with built-in or external Wi-Fi capabilities. It may also have the ability to connect to the Internet to exchange parameters with the central server (eg, Wi-Fi system parameters such as MAC address, signal strength, coordinates, etc.). One instance has built-in use. Wi Fi is connected to a user of the Internet-mobile phone. Therefore, in this positioning method, the positioning accuracy of a user largely depends on the known location of the WAPs in the respective WLANs. Accuracy. The driving and walking attacks described above are techniques for determining and/or mapping the location of a WAP. Figure 1 depicts an overview of an example system that uses a Wi-Fi wireless access point (WAp) signal source to locate a user device. A user device 102 is operated by a user (not shown) and contains a Wi-Fi adapter (also not shown). A number of wireless access points (WAPs) 1G4, 1G6, (10), 11(), 112 are located immediately adjacent to the user in the two buildings 114, 116. Due to signal attenuation, transmission power limitations, and other factors, the Wi_Fi adapter in the user device H) 2 can only be measured as 104, 1〇6, 11〇, 112. The user device 1〇2 then goes to the WAP 108. There may also be - GSM (Mobile) masts 118 and others, and the properties of these and other sources of electromagnetic signals may also be measured and used in the location finding system. The user device 102 can measure the signal quality (such as signal strength, angle of incidence, etc.) or the data carried by the signal (153204.doc 201140123 such as a MAC address or associated with a WAP transmission) Some characteristics of other identifiers). The system processes various signal characteristics and compares the characteristics with the data in a database. As described in more detail below, the positioning system can triangulate (or otherwise determine) the user device using stored data about some or all of the associated WAPs 1G4, 1〇6, 11(), 112. The position of 1〇2 and therefore the position of the user is also triangulated. A method and system are now described in which the shortcomings of both the respectful attack and the walking attack method can be substantially overcome, using a multi-stage procedure and using dynamic and self-correcting recursive techniques to accurately determine the interior of the building and the difficult environment ( For example, the positioning coordinates of several WAps among many obstacles). Here, the search coordinates of the search and judgment SWAp are referred to as "scan" and "map" respectively. Figure 2 illustrates a flow diagram of a procedure for locating the location of a wireless access point (WAP) for use in the system of Figure i. In step S200, in a first phase of the process, the signal sources (signals from the WAp) are scanned at a first and a: position. Various scanning procedures can be used 'eg, using-handheld devices (such as - mobile phones, smart phones, or other devices) and in a building (in this embodiment) external or internal embodiment, the first line position It is formed by the vehicle-four (four) path of the execution-driving attack program. The data collected during the (four) program as described above and below (e.g., with respect to Figure 7) is used to generate an estimate of the location of the source (WAP). And storing the estimated locations (in step S202, in the first scanning phase, usually (but not necessarily) combining the output of a global or absolute positioning system (such as Gps or AGPS) by 153204.doc • 17-201140123 Estimating the location of the WAPs as a result of a relative positioning system, such as triangulation using WAP signal strength (described in more detail below). In another embodiment, for example, purely from one of the buildings A map or plan or area in which the scan is taken extracts the first set of estimated locations, and the user can directly input the first set of estimated locations to the processing software using the user interface of the device. Thus, in this case The term "scan" can be interpreted quite widely. In step S204, in a second phase of the procedure, the signal source (the WAp signals) is scanned again at a second set of locations. In the example, the second set of positioning systems is generally scanned in one of the interiors or intermediate operations of the building that has been scanned remotely by the driving attack in the stage. In the embodiment, the scanning is done automatically and the scanning of one or the other can be performed by the same or a different driving attack setting, which can be selected by the operator "on the spot" or due to a result of the collection of the results collected in the stage. And immediately determine or determine prior to the scanning operation (e.g., with reference to the geography and/or merchandising information about the delineating environment and the buildings and other structures therein). The scanning results are recorded in steps S2 and 6t. As described in more detail, the user also, the second group of users can also record their own

In case) can also be model 1 can be input 153204.doc 201140123 GPS GPS auxiliary data (estimated position Τ 1罝, time, ephemeris, etc.). The user can enter some or all of the positions of the first _ ^ ^ music group from a map. The ability to input the position of some or all of the second set of locations may be particularly helpful' because it corrects for errors caused by errors in the estimated position of the first plurality of locations. At the step face, the results of the second stage of the sweep line are processed and the positioning of the first set of estimates (or the location of other sources (such as mobile phone antenna bars) is corrected). This procedure is described in more detail below. The corrected estimates are then output in step S210. In the first embodiment t, the user or a group of users who perform the mapping procedure have a power rating and preferably other positioning system capabilities (such as GPS/AGPS, cell tower based positioning, etc.) Small consumer devices (such as smart mobile phones, laptops, etc.) or sophisticated electronic devices (such as a custom computing device, amplifier, antenna, etc.). Such devices may have additional sensors that can aid in positioning (eg, an accelerometer, a magnetometer, etc., such devices may also have a b-force other than stick seven to connect to the Internet, such as through Mobile Internet Service Provider Gateway. Users can, for example, be equipped with a consumer mobile device that operates with or without any operating system and has a microcontroller, GPS/AGPS and Wi-Fi hardware capabilities. Satsis-specific software. All of the scanning and mapping procedures (including multiple scanning stages) described herein can be performed essentially using software - such as using the hardware described above when needed. The software can also use a user's input to record information about areas/locations that are being scanned/mapped, such as location coordinates, building type, height information (such as scan floors, etc.), Urban or rural location type, etc. (when needed) ^ Figure 3 illustrates the first scanning phase of a group of wireless access points (WAPs) in a building according to the procedure of Figure 2. In Figure 3, a building 300 contains six WAPs 302, 304, 306, 310 3 12. Nine scanning stations 320 ' 322 , 324 ' 326 , 328 , 330 , 332 , 334 are selected around the perimeter of the building. , 336, although in practice such scanning sites may surround some of the sides, and may, for example, only be along one or both sides of the building (eg, depending on accessibility). Yes, depending on, for example, the size of the building and the complexity of the environment, more or less WAp may be found and more or less scans may be used (with corresponding scan fixes). Displayed in a circle at different locations in a typical building. In this embodiment, there is a consumer device (such as a Wi-Fi and GPS/AGPS power smart phone) & The building can be scanned from different locations around the building (shown in a rectangular frame). The user records Wi-Fi scanning parameters such as signal strength, visible WAP2 MAC address, signal quality by GPS/AGps at each location. Waiting for the user's own location. The user may also record other useful environmentally specific information from observations and/or prior knowledge, such as the height and type of the building, the number and type of physical signal obstacles close to the scanning location, etc. Record data from additional sensors on the device or in the device (if available) to aid in positioning. For example, they may be recorded from 153204.doc -20- 201140123 - Heading data received by the magnetometer, from a gas house Highly information, etc. As mentioned previously, any other positioning system or method that does not include GPS and its variants can also be used to locate the user's location, such as triangulation based on cell towers, inertial sensors, User location input, (10), etc. or any combination of this technology. As shown in Figure 3, many wAps can be scanned externally from more than one location. For example, WAp 310, 312 is scanned from two positioning scans from three positioning scans WAP 302, 304', and WAp 3 〇 8 is scanned from one positioning. Since the center of the WAp 3〇6 is positioned within the building and lacks the visibility of such signals from external scanning locations, the WAP 306 cannot be scanned from any location. The software installed on the device processes the records from the scanning program together using various signal processing algorithms to determine the distance between the user location at different locations and the visible wireless access point, and then establishes such WAPs. One of the maps. There are many distance measurement algorithms that allow the positioning using a Wi-Fi or other equivalent system. Such algorithms include, for example, time of arrival (TOA), time difference of arrival (TDOA), angle of arrival (AOA), received signal strength (RSS), etc. depending on the technical capabilities of the software, mobile device, and WAP. RSS-based distance measurement algorithms are usually used, but additional algorithms may be used as appropriate. In the RSS algorithm, the strength (power) of one of the Wi-Fi signals at the receiver (user) is measured in comparison with the transmission strength of one of the signals from the wireless power source (WAP), and is in the following free space. The mathematical equation gives: 153204.doc -21 - 201140123 pf _ PrGtGrA2 τ~~(Λπγ¥ (1) The power received by the eight-phase system, Pt-transmission power, & and Gt are the gain of the receiving antenna With the transmitter antenna gain, the signal wavelength and d is the distance between the source and the received $. This equation can also be expressed as the propagation gain (PG) as: (2) and in decibel form: PGds λ

2〇1〇g(W (3) Due to the uncertainty of signal propagation, it cannot be easily applied to the real world environment without modifying the free space model (equation). The propagation of (10) can be affected by many factors, such as signal attenuation. And reflection from the surface (multipath effect), building type, moving objects and people, transmission frequency, antenna height and polarization, etc. However, there are various models that attempt to model different environments and signal propagation behaviors to They determine the distance between the receiver and the source. For example, there are several models that can be used to predict the signal behavior of different indoor environments. One of these indoor models is described by the following equation: PGds = 201og(-A_) + 1〇;? 1〇§(^〇) + χσ For d > d〇(4) where X, η and d0 are parameters that vary with different indoor environments and can be determined empirically. For example, for a typical hard-partition office Environment, χ, ^ and d〇153204.doc •22· 201140123 The values are 7.0, 3.0 and loo β respectively for user input to also cover the % type and then use the stored in the memory. The specific value of the parameter mentioned above (for example, previously input by other operators of the user) ° or, if the user input is not available, the preset value can be selected from the software configuration. 'There are also several models that can be used in outdoor environments. - This model (the Stanford University Temporary (SUI) model) is described by the following equations: · = 201〇g(l^) injury 1〇g ( |) The gut is for d>d. (7) The PL is described as path knower' and other parameters can be processed similarly as described for the indoor model, ie, for example, by the maker input or from the software configuration. After any of the available models determines all of the equal distances, the reference positioning coordinates of the locations and the locations from which the controller has scanned are processed to map the visible WAPs one by one. Depending on the measurement of the mAp The number of methods can be used to map such WAps. A triangulation method is described below with reference to Figure 8. Figure 4 illustrates the Figure 3 after the first stage scan in the program of Figure 2. Such estimated positions of the WAP. A solid circle in Figure 4. The continuous positioning of wap 402, 404, 406, 408, 410, 412 is shown, and the dashed circle 452, 454, 458, 460, 462 corresponding to the overlay of WAp 402, 404, 408, 410, 412 respectively is not displayed. The estimated position WAp, because no corresponding actual WAP 4〇6 is found in the first scan phase, there is no WAP' estimate 456. Furthermore, 'the WAP 406 can be found due to its nine outside the building. Sweep 153204.doc •23- 201140123 The signal visibility at any of the locations is not mapped. The accuracy of the mapped WAP depends on many factors, such as the scanning distance, the modeling of the environment, the accuracy of the user's location, the number of scans (measurements) from a building outside the WAp, and the locations of the respective WAPs. Geometry and so on. Figure 5 illustrates the second scanning phase of the set of wireless access points (WAp) in the building of Figure 3. Six WAp 5〇2, 504, 506, 508, 510, 512 are again shown in the building 500. Five new scanning sites 52, 522, 524, 526, 528 interspersed between the WAPs are selected (where possible) within the building. As mentioned, in the second mapping phase, the scan points are located inside the building, and one of the users performing the mapping generally does not have Gps/AGps availability. In this case, one of the user coordinates at these five locations is derived using Wi-Fi positioning technology. Wi-Fi positioning uses the mapping at each location within the building (using the first scanning phase as described above) and other available WAPs. For example, one of the users at location 524 uses WAP 504, 508, 512 to locate itself using phase 1 mapped WAP coordinates and other signal processing algorithms (such as distance measurement using Wi Fi signal strength, such as through Environmental modeling and triangulation of user input and the like as described above with respect to Phase 1.) A user (or, for example, another operator that processes the received measurement data in a central location) has the ability to input its own estimate of the location of the second set of locations or to automatically derive an estimate of one of the locations. A correction (where appropriate) (for example, correcting a significantly incorrect Gps reading or overwriting an inaccurate GPS reading (if available and being used)). One user is also 153204.doc •24· 201140123 can input data to enable or enhance the performance of the reference positioning system, GPS (if available and being used) Gps auxiliary data (estimated position, time: ephemeris, etc.) . In particular, the user can record - perceived height $, his measurements (such as the floor number in the building), allowing a height or other size to be estimated with a ==. If a baseline height is available for special positions (for example, using data derived from topographic maps), the -high ^ estimate h can be calculated as hb+hsXs, where (iv) the estimated height per floor (: a luxury based - The global or local average or use of the knowledge about the location of the scan: the knowledge of the disease built) and the 5 series floor number (using the British term, the second layer ' 1: first layer' and so on). For example, in the use of inertia (or one of the two embodiments, a user can enter a reference (or name) value at the appropriate time to allow calibration of the inertial positioning system. Select the user to enter One of the environmental models to be applied or the parameters used in conjunction with this model (see below for a discussion of the parameters of a government and its etc.) For example, other input devices in the user interface can be used ( Such as running;): Γ: Carrying the option of an interactive application on a hand-held device, the ten-ring i brother (and other materials). The lack of sufficient point to allow triangulation or the method of user supply ( Depending on the ^, other possible materials such as a weighted average can be used: depending on whether the user of the scanner is to be included or processed at a later stage - manual input to obtain the location of the scan. "The most during the second scanning phase, the six are scanned from the interior of the building due to the typical lack of a structural wall that is close to the sweeping user 153204.doc •25·201140123 and, for example, the attenuation signal. WAP 502 All of 504, 506, 508, 510, 512. It can be seen that many WAPs can be scanned from more than one location. For example, ' WAP 508 is self-positioning 522, 524, 526, 528 to scan. Similar to Phase 1 'Use The Wi_Fi scan parameters, such as signal strength, visible WAP address, signal quality, etc., and the user's own location are recorded again at each location. The user can also observe and/or have existing knowledge to record other useful environment specifics. Information such as building height and type, number and type of physical signal obstacles close to the scanning location, etc. The user may also record data (if available) from additional sensors on the device to aid in positioning, such as A heading magnetometer, a barometer that provides a high degree of information, etc. The figure shows the estimated position of the scanner during the second scanning phase shown in Figure $ of the program as described above. As previously described, six WAPs 602, 604, 606, 608, 610, 612 in the building 600 are shown. The estimated positions of the scanner at stations .620, 622, 624, 626, 028 are also not scanned. The estimated position is different from the actual scanning site, and the degree of dissimilarity depends on, for example, the factors mentioned above that affect signal propagation. In another embodiment in which the device has an internet connection, The central web server can be used to derive a user's coordinates by exchanging Fi parameters with the central web server. In this case, the central web server robbery can operate through an internal database or from other internet sites. Network resource provisioning - user location. In some cases, the user may also use GPS/AGPS coordinates and any other positioning technology (if it is available for 153204.doc •26·201140123). The user can also use the information of the ml-Nuoqiu® input block such as coordinates, environment type, etc. (as described in the above paragraph) in the processing software to assist the mapping process. Different signal processing algorithms (such as distance measurement using Wi_Fi signal strength, environmental modeling using user input, triangulation, etc.) are processed together in one software on a device by positioning from the five scans The records formed by all scans map (substantially more accurately) the WAP inside the building. Figure 7 is a schematic illustration of the estimated locations of the WAPs of Figure 3 after the second scan phase in the routine of Figure 5. The actual positioning of WAp 702, 704, 706, 708, 710, 712 is shown in a solid circle in FIG. 7 and in a dashed circle 752 corresponding to the overlay of WAP 702, 704, 706, 708, 710, 712, respectively. 754, 756, 758, 760, 762 show the estimated positioning WAP'. It is noted that in this hypothetical case, the estimate of the position of the WAp is substantially improved, although in individual cases (such as for WAp) 7〇4 (and estimated WAP' 754)) 'This estimate may become less accurate relative to the first phase (as depicted in Figure 4). Phase II also maps WAPs that are not mapped in Phase I (for example, WAP 706). Although the coordinates of one of the users at the scan point (derived from within Wi-Fi positioning after Phase I) may be inaccurate compared to the user's coordinates (using GPS/AGPS external export), mapping accuracy and mapped WAP The overall improvement of the coverage is attributed to the proximity of the scan/map user (inside the building) to the WAP after the second mapping phase and can therefore be achieved by applying the indoor signal propagation model described above with respect to Phase I. More accurately predicts the 153204.doc •27·201140123 signal propagation path and measures the distance between the user and the WAP. This entire mapping procedure can be extended to subsequent stages as many times as the number of improvements in the mapped WAP coordinates to improve coverage and a certain level of accuracy. The program is still substantially the same as phase π, and can be re-scanned for a previous site by repeating, for example, more scanning locations inside or outside a building (eg, if a particular site is identified as a particular difficulty Environment (for example, after reviewing the initial scan data)). Figure 8 illustrates the procedure for positioning (in two dimensions) a wireless access point (WAP) location. This is one of the possible methods for estimating the location of the WAP. Three scanning stations 8〇2, 8〇4, 8〇6 are shown in circle 8, and each scanning station detects a signal from one of the approximate areas 8〇8. The distance of the WAp/area 808 from the respective scanning stations 802, 804, 806 is 1, d2, and ten. Each of the stations 802, 8〇4, 8〇6 is surrounded by a circle representing the detour of all points at the distance dn. Here, 'dl, d2, and X are derived from any of the available distance measurement models previously described' and are used in the following equations together with the coordinates of the stations 8〇2, 8〇4, 806: d = (6) where the mountain distance, the coordinates of Xf&yjsWAp 7 and the y coordinate, and ~ and l are the X coordinates and y coordinates of several locations, where i is 1, 2, forming three equations and solving the area The X coordinate and the y coordinate of the WAP in 808. These equations can be solved by any available method such as the least squares method. As shown in Figure 8, the mapped coordinates of the WAP in region 808 are where three 153204.doc • 28 - 201140123 circles (the trajectories of the estimated distances between the stations and the WAP) overlap. The rounds are not overlapped by a single error in the measurement/estimation of the distances dl, d2, and d3 and the error in the reference (or estimated) coordinates of the scanning stations 2, _, _ A little bit. a should understand that the above two-dimensional instance can be expanded to three dimensions as needed. It is usually not necessary to record the three-dimensional position of the WAP (the pure 梓 is the two-dimensional position), but it should be understood that 'if three-dimensional positioning is required for the mount-related modifications. Figure 9 is a schematic illustration of one of the dedicated scanner systems suitable for use in conjunction with at least the first stage of the process of Figure 2. This scanner may be used in some or all of the above-described embodiments of the preferred hand-held unit (which may or may not be the same as the unit described below with respect to Figure 1). In FIG. 9, the dedicated scanner system (such as a driving attack harness) includes a directional antenna 902 (such as a directional Wi_Fi antenna), an amplifier 9〇4 for amplifying signals from the antenna, for providing the A GPS (or AGPS or other similar unit) 9〇6 of the reference coordinate of the scanner system 9〇() for controlling and/or processing and/or receiving from the antenna 9〇2, amplifier 9〇4, GPS a computer 9〇8 of any or all of the information of the unit 906, a user interface 910 for controlling the scanner system, inputting relevant data and displaying the result, and a data for storing the record generated by the scanning program The storage unit 912. In an alternate embodiment, a network interface unit (not shown) is provided to allow transmission and/or reception of data via a communication network to, for example, allow remote control and/or data collection (eg, this can be avoided) This storage unit 912) is required. Figure 10 is a schematic illustration of one hand-held unit suitable for use with the first and second 153204.doc -29. 201140123 stages of the program of Figure 2. The handheld unit includes a Wi-Fi interface 1002, a Gps or AGps unit 1004, a network interface nano (for a pure local operation of the scanner, which may not be visible), a processor (or micro Controller or other computerized device) 1_, - user interface 1〇1〇 and _ data storage unit 1〇12. This unit may have less selectivity, signal amplification and/or processing power or storage capacity than the device described above with respect to Figure 9, but on the other hand may be more portable and therefore easier to carry. It is in close contact with any WAP that needs to be scanned. In another embodiment, the handheld unit can omit or turn off the GPS/AGPS unit 1004, e.g., if only used during the second scanning phase. In another embodiment, a scanner unit can be provided that mixes the scanner system 9A described above with respect to FIG. 9 from the handheld unit 1000 described above with respect to FIG. Characteristics of the person. 11 is an overview of a system for locating a user device using the data generated by the process of FIG. 2. FIG. 11 shows a user device 1100 (eg, such as the handheld device 10 described above). 0 or any other device), a telecommunications network (such as a mobile telephone network) 1102, a location server 1104, and a WAp location database 1106 (which may be integrated with the location server 11A4). In use, a user causes the user device 1100 to send a location request 1150 to the telecommunications network 1102 (e.g., using one of the services on a mobile phone). The request U50 may generally include data received at the user device 11' such as an attribute from a signal detected by a neighboring WAP (such as described in paragraphs 153204.doc • 30·201140123 regarding Phase I and Phase II) Etc.) Thus, the request 1150 can, for example, include details of signal strength and MAC address (and/or cell tower signal, etc.) of the neighboring WAP. From the network 1102 - request 1152 (usually the same as the initial request 1150) is transmitted to the location server 1104. The location server 11〇4 then processes the request 1152 and, in processing, queries the location database 1106 with a WAP query request 1154 to specify WAP data for the location request 11 52. The repository 1106 then passes the requested data 1156 back to the server 11 〇4. The server completes processing the data 结合 5 6 in conjunction with the received request data 以 5 2 to generate a location estimate 'to send the location estimate back to the user device 1100 in the form of location data 1158. ^ The network will The location data ii 6〇 (usually the same as the data 1158) is delivered to the user device 11〇〇. The user device can then process the location data 1160 to retrieve (and display, for example) the location estimate. The system described above with reference to Figure 11 can also be used, for example, in conjunction with Phase I and Phase II described above for the initial "exploration" phase. The server 1104 can, for example, additionally or alternatively operate the software to process the scanned data to produce the various estimates described above. In some applications, the data obtained during the second scan phase can be used to determine - or multiple locations, where an otherwise - electromagnetic signal source (eg, a Bluetooth beacon) will be advantageously positioned to improve one or more The positioning provides accuracy to the positioning data of a user device. An additional source of electromagnetic signals can then be provided at a certain location determined thereby. The further scanning phase according to the invention can then occur at a plurality of locations around the newly placed electromagnetic signal source. 153204.doc •31 · 201140123 It should be understood that 'of course there may be other applications of the position location system described above', such as a fully localized positioning system comprising a user device (eg including all of the user device) Relevant data and processing capabilities) and devices that communicate via various networks (eg, not limited to a network or telecommunications network). In summary, a method of determining the location coordinates of a wireless access point (WAP) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) using a multi-stage self-correction mapping procedure has been described. The WAPs are typically wi_Fi access points in their respective WLANs, but they may be other WAps of another Wi-Fi based positioning system. For example, the method and system can be implemented entirely on a consumer mobile device, or can rely on remote components and software (such as via some form of communication network (such as

Fi, mobile power or other network) is connected to one of the central servers for the same purpose. Although the invention has been described above with respect to specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the modifications are within the spirit and scope of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 depicts an overview of a system that does not use a Wi-Fi wireless access point (WAp) source to locate a user device; in a wireless access point park in the system of Figure 1, in a building One set of wireless access points FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing a procedure for positioning (WAP). FIG. 3 shows a scanning stage according to the procedure of FIG. 2 (WAP); after the first scanning stage Figure 4 in Figure 3 shows the estimated position of the program WAP in Figure 2; 153204.doc • 32· 201140123 The second Figure 5 of the set of wireless access points (WAP) shows the building scan of Figure 3. Figure 6 is a diagram showing the position of the meter shown in Figure 5; Figure 7 of the scanner during the second scanning phase shows the estimation of the WAP in Figure 3 after the second scanning phase in the procedure of Figure 5. Figure 8 illustrates a procedure for positioning a wireless access point (WAp); Figure 9 illustrates a dedicated scanner system suitable for use with at least the first stage of the procedure of Figure 2; Hand-held unit used in conjunction with the first and second phases of the procedure of Figure 2; and Figure 11 Information generated by the program of Figure 2 to locate the system overview of the user device. [Description of main component symbols] 102 User device 104 Wireless access point (WAP) 106 Wireless access point 108 Wireless access point 110 Wireless access point 112 Wireless access point 114 Building 116 Building 118 Global mobile communication system ( GSM antenna mast) 300 Building 153204.doc -33- 201140123 302 Wireless access point 304 Wireless access point 306 Wireless access point 308 Wireless access point 310 Wireless access point 312 Wireless access point 320 Scanning site 322 Scanning Site 324 Scan Site 326 Scan Site 328 Scan Site 330 Scan Site 332 Scan Site 334 Scan Site 336 Scan Site 400 Building 402 Wireless Access Point 404 Wireless Access Point 406 Wireless Access Point 408 Wireless Access point 410 wireless access point 412 wireless access point 452 wireless access point 454 wireless access point 153204.doc -34- 201140123 458 wireless access point 460 wireless access point 462 wireless access point 500 building 502 wireless Access point 504 wireless access point 506 wireless access point 508 wireless access point 510 wireless access point 512 wireless access point 520 scanning site 522 Scanning Site 524 Scanning Site 526 Scanning Site 528 Scanning Site 600 Building 602 Wireless Access Point 604 Wireless Access Point 606 Wireless Access Point 608 Wireless Access Point 610 Wireless Access Point 612 Wireless Access Point 620 Scanning Site '622 Scanning Site' 153204.doc ·35· 201140123 624 Scanning Site '626 Scanning Site' 628 Scanning Site '702 Wireless Access Point 704 Wireless Access Point 706 Wireless Access Point 708 Wireless Access Point 710 Wireless Access Point 712 Wireless Access Point 752 Wireless Access Point '754 Wireless Access Point' 756 Wireless Access Point '758 Wireless Access Point' 760 Wireless Access Point '762 Wireless Access Point' 802 Scan Station Point 804 Scanning Site 806 Scanning Site 808 Approximate Zone 900 Dedicated Scanner System 902 Directional Antenna 904 Amplifier 906 Global Positioning System 908 Computer-36- 153204.doc 201140123 910 User Interface 912 Data Storage 1000 Handheld Unit 1002 Wi -Fi interface 1004 GPS 1006 Network interface 1008 Processor 1010 User interface 1012 Data storage 1100 User device 1102 telecommunication network 1104 positioning server 1106 WAP positioning database 1150 positioning request 1152 positioning request 1154 positioning request 1156 positioning data 1158 positioning data 1160 positioning data 153204.doc -37-

Claims (1)

201140123 VII. Application for Patent Park: 1. A method for estimating the location of a plurality of electromagnetic signal sources, comprising: scanning at a first plurality of locations to generate signal source location data, and talking about signal source location data representing one or more Estimating the position of the signal sources; scanning a second plurality of locations to generate signal detection data using a signal detection system, the signal detection data being from the signals at the second plurality of locations The source receives the signal; relies on the signal detection data to process the source location data to correct the estimation error in the source location data; and outputs the processed source location data. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein processing the source location data further comprises using the signal 资料j data to estimate a location of the second plurality of locations. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising receiving positioning information indicative of information regarding the second plurality of locations, and wherein processing the source location data further comprises: (4) locating the information to estimate the first A plurality of positioning positions. 4.:: The method of claim 3 wherein the location information comprises a user estimate of the location of at least the second plurality of locations. 5. In the method of claim 4, the further input of the positioning information material. I User Input Device 6. If the request item 1 includes, processing, the signal source location data is further applied to the environmental factors of the signal source - environment 153204.doc 201140123 model to process the signal detection data. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising receiving at least one of an environmental model selection profile representing an option of an environmental model and an environmental model parameter profile representing an option of at least one parameter of the environmental model, and The at least one of the % environment model selection data and the environment model parameter data processes the signal detection data. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of inputting the at least one of the environmental model selection data and the environmental model parameter data via a user input device. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the processing the source location data further comprises: relying on the signal detection (4) data to generate another source location data indicative of a new estimate of the source of the material. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising processing the source location information and the another source location data to determine an appropriate adjustment to one of the source location data. For example, the method of claim 1 includes the processing of the signal detection data, and the addition of additional signal source locations in the plurality of locations where the plurality of locations are not tested. Up to the source location data. 12. The method of claim 1 includes scanning at the first plurality of locations: scanning at the first plurality of locations to generate initial signal detection data. a signal received from the signal sources at the first plurality of locations; 153204.doc 201140123 responsive to the first scan location data to process the initial signal price measurement data to generate a position estimate data 'the first scan position data Indicates the location of each of the first and plural positions. 13 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. The method of claim 12, wherein the sweeping at the first plurality of locations comprises: using the signal detection system to generate the initial signal detection data. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of detecting comprises using a positioning system at each of the first plurality of locations to generate the first scan location data. For example, the method of claim 14, wherein the positioning system is generally more effective at the first plurality of locations than at the second plurality of locations. The method of claim 14 wherein the signal detection system is generally more efficient at the second plurality of locations than at the first plurality of locations. The method of 青长项1 further includes: in another plurality of positioning: scanning using the L-number detection system to generate another signal detection data' and further processing the signal source month depending on the other-signal detection data The method of long term 1 further includes processing the source location data to generate map data representing the map of the sources. For example, in the request item H^'/, the signal source is a wireless access point in a wireless communication network, such as a base station. For example, the request item 丨9 = ancient, soil w ', wherein the signal detection data, the source of the signal: 枓 and at least one of the processed source location data are transmitted via the μ..., line access point. At least part of the scan is performed by a portable device using a method such as the method of claim 1. 153204.doc 201140123 wherein at least part of the scan is performed using a vehicle 22. The method of claim 1 is performed by a portable device. 23. The method of claim 1, further comprising: storing the processed source location data; the user device receiving - the user bit request, the user setting r containing the user The device-related signal detection system is relied upon by the user to locate the user's location, and the stored information is processed by the source location data to generate the location of the user device. An estimated user location data; and outputting the user location data. 24. The method of item 1 wherein the scanning is performed by a user traveling between a plurality of positions. 25. A method of estimating a location of a plurality of electromagnetic signal sources, comprising: input source location data, the source location data representing one or more of the signals obtained by scanning at the first plurality of locations Estimation of the position of the source; input signal detection data 'the signal detection data is about the signal received from the signal sources at the second plurality of locations; relying on the signal to be measured to process the source location data Correcting an estimated error in the source location data; and outputting the processed source location data. 26. A computer readable medium tangibly embodying a computer program code for causing a computer to perform a method as claimed. I53204.doc 201140123 2 into a portable unit programmed with computer code, which is used to cause the portable unit to execute the method in the request item. 28. Programmatically computerized code The feeding device; causing the portable unit to be... The electronic version of the code is used in the method of claim 25. 153204.doc