SU1755157A1 - System for determining water saltiness distribution - Google Patents

Abstract

Use: oceanographic research. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The device comprises a submersible device with pressure sensors, electrical conductivity and two temperature sensors, as well as an onboard device containing means for storing information and determining the difference in readings of temperature sensors for calculating the current salinity value. 1 z p f-ly., 5 silt

Description

The invention relates to a measurement technique, and more specifically to devices for studying hydrophysical fields, turbulent processes and other properties of the aquatic environment.

One of the most important ways to improve research in the ocean is to move from passive information gathering to setting up a focused experiment at the rate of time variability of the studied processes.

A device dp automatically controls the concentration of electrolytes containing a conductivity meter, the output of which is connected to a serially connected multiplying device, an integrator and a memory cell, the integrator and the memory cell connected to the first output of the control unit, the second output of which is connected to a heater, a temperature meter, the output of which is connected to the input of the control unit and through the differentiator to the multiplying device. This device measures the integral value of the output maintaining the conductivity on the rate of change of the electrolyte temperature,

the magnitude of which is judged on the concentration of the solution

The drawbacks of the device are the complexity and laboriousness of the process of determining the concentration due to sampling the solution with a volume corresponding to the volume of the measuring cell and necessary heating in a sufficiently large temperature range, which significantly reduces the efficiency of the measurement process and does not allow the device to be used to continuously monitor the concentration in arbitrary volume of fluid.

The closest set of features to the proposed device is the Hydrophysical Istok-3 probing complex, designed to obtain profiles of temperature distribution and specific electrical conductivity in depth from a drifting vessel and consisting of a submersible and on-board device connected by a cable-cable, the Source-3 provides simultaneous recording of the following parameters: temperatures from -2 to + 35 ° C with an accuracy of ± O 03 JC and a sensitivity of 0.01 ± 0.005 ° C with an inertia of 1.0 s, electrical conductivity from 13 to

one

h

68 cm / cm with an error of ± 0.03 cm / cm and a sensitivity of 0.01 ± 0 005 cm / cm, pressure from 0 to 200 kgf / cm2 with an error of 0.5 kgf / cm2 and sensitivity of 0.1 ± 0.05 kgf / cm2 Measurement time of all parameters 1.6 s

The measuring bridges, the analog-digital converter, the control and synchronization device, the communication unit with the onboard device and the power supply unit are located inside the airtight container lowered. The on-board equipment contains a communication unit with a submersible device, a synchronization unit of the receiving recorder, four memory registers, a digital-analog converter, a communication unit with recording devices, and a display device.

The on-board device serves to convert the measured oceanic elements and register them in analog and digital form. At the end of the probing, the source data is rewritten onto a magnetic tape. Through these arrays, the digital computer monitors the gross failure of individual reports; correction of the time constant of the resistance thermometer; interpolation of data to one point in time; calculation of salinity, density, sound velocity, etc

When conducting hydrophysical studies, it is very important to obtain express information on the distribution of salinity, density, and so on in real time. In the area of the thermocline, especially at high probe speeds, due to the inconsistency of the dynamic characteristics of the temperature and electrical conduction channels, large dynamic calculation errors are obtained. salinity, as an indirect parameter T and E This error in the prototype is corrected after the sounding is completed, taking into account the known time constant of the temperature sensor tours. Since the time constant of the sensor changes during its operation, this dynamic error in the determination of salinity is not fully compensated

The disadvantages of the prototype are the inability to determine the salinity in real time and the lack of accuracy of the calculations due to the dynamic error of the temperature channel.

The purpose of the invention to increase the speed of sounding the water

The goal is achieved by the "known sea probing hydrophysical complex containing a submersible device with temperature, pressure and conductivity sensors installed in it, the outputs of which through amplifiers are connected to the input of the switch, and the input of the switch through the analog-digital converter and the probe transceiver are connected bi-directionally with an onboard device, including an onboard transceiver and a display unit, equipped with an additional temperature sensor installed on rpuse immersion container differentially included together with the main sensor to the input of an additional amplifier, whose output is connected to the input of the switch, and in-vehicle device introduced random access memory, a multiplexer, a calculator salinity, three

a register, two adders, a scale factor, a subtracting element and a control unit; Moreover, the inputs of the first and second registers and the first inputs of a multiplexer, the first adder, and a subtracting element

and the salinity calculator are connected to the output of the onboard transceiver via a random access memory; the outputs of the first and second registers are connected to the second inputs of the first adder and

subtractive element, respectively, whose outputs are connected to the first and second inputs of the scale factor, the output of which is connected to the first input of the second adder, the output of which is connected to the second input of the multiplexer, the output of which is connected to the second inputs of the second adder and the salinity calculator, the output of which is connected with the input of the display unit. The outputs of the control unit are connected to the synchronization inputs of all the structural elements of the onboard device. An additional temperature sensor is mounted so that it moves along the rod relative to

groups of main sensors for the value of the required gradient base in the direction of sounding

The dynamic error of the measuring channel is proportional to the time constant of the meter g, the gradient of the measured value grad T and the speed of sounding (measurement) V, in other words

(5 Tgradt V

Thus, in the area of the thermocline, where the temperature gradient reaches 1 ° C / m, to reduce the dynamic error

of the inertial sensor, it is necessary to reduce the speed of probing

The device allows to increase the speed of sounding at a given dynamic error, using temperature gradient measurements to correct the temperature field data.

To determine the temperature gradient, it is necessary to have two sensors located at a given distance and differentially related to each other.

Suppose these sensors have different transient time constant, then

-L.

(5i n grad t-V;

-

.02 tg grad t.V.

The dynamic measurement error of the gradient of T will be respectively equal to

dgrad 3l - 62 - grad t V (P - G2),

those. less than the dynamic measurement error using these sensors, parameter T. For example, if the time constant of the temperature sensors differs by 20%, then the dynamic measurement error of the gradient decreases 5 times, or if the dynamic error is increased, the speed of sounding may increase by about 5 times.

Thus, the device makes it possible to calculate salinity with high accuracy in real time, increase the speed of probing during experiments, which is equivalent to an increase in the sampling frequency of primary converters, and therefore allows to obtain more data on the fine structure of ocean hydrophysical fields, i.e. more accurately present the picture of the profiles of the hydrophysical parameters of the aquatic environment.

Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of the proposed device for determining the distribution of water salinity; in fig. 2 - time diagrams of the operation of the device; in fig. 3 - salinity calculator; Fig. 4 shows timing charts for the operation of the salinity calculator; Fig. 5 is an electrical multiplication block diagram.

The essence of the invention is as follows. In the vertical study of the aquatic environment, the following parameters are measured: temperature T, electrical conductivity E, pressure and the temperature gradient grad. So, the salinity is usually determined by dependencies connecting this index with temperature, electrical conductivity and pressure, for example, by polynomials of the type

5 § I Ј aIJk-T «JPk

i - P I L I, P

 1-0 k 0

(D

where aijk is the coefficient of a polynomial.

In the proposed device, the temperature data is preliminarily corrected using temperature gradient measurements according to the formula:

AT (grad T (-1 + grad TI) (H | - HI - Q

DT -.

  - (2)

where TI-I is the temperature value at the previous measurement step;

Hj-i. HI pressure sensor reading at previous and current measurement steps

respectively;

grad Ti, grad TI - readings of the temperature gradiometer at the previous and current measurement steps, respectively;

 the distance in places between two

temperature sensors used to measure grad T.

The calculation of salinity is carried out using the corrected temperature value

The block diagram of the device for determining the distribution of water salinity over depth (Fig. 1) includes a submersible device 1, including a pressure sensor 2, an electrical conductivity sensor 3, the main

temperature sensor 4, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding measuring and amplifying units 5-7, additional temperature sensor 8, which is connected differentially with the corresponding sensor to the input of the additional amplifying and measuring unit 9. The outputs of the measuring and measuring units 5-7 and 9 are connected to the inputs analog multichannel switch 10 output

through an analog-to-digital converter 11 and a probe transceiver 12 is connected bi-directionally to an onboard device 13.

The on-board device 13 includes an on-board transceiver 14, the output of which is connected through the random access memory 15 to the inputs of the first 16 and second 17 registers, to the first inputs of the multiplexer 18, the first adder 19, the subtractive element 20 and the salinity calculator 21 The outputs of the first 16 and second 17 registers are connected with the second inputs of the first adder 19. and the subtracting element 20, respectively, the outputs of which are respectively connected to the first and second inputs of the scale factor 22, the output of which is connected to the first input of watts the second adder 23. The output of the second adder 23 is connected to the second input of the multiplexer 18, the output of which through the third register 24 is connected to the second inputs of the second adder 23 and the salinity calculator 21, the output of which is connected to the input of the display unit 25 The outputs of the control unit 26 are connected to the onboard synchronization inputs transceiver 14, random access memory 15, registers 16, 17 and 24, multiplexer 18, adders 19 and 23, subtractive element 20, calculator salinity 21, multiplier 22 and display unit 25

In Fig. 2, time diagrams of the device operation are shown. The device operates as follows. The input of the switch 10 is received (Ellog signals from the main (2-7) and gradiometric 8-9 channels. Analog gradient values are obtained due to the differential connection of two identical sensors). - A digital converter 11 occurs in sync pulses (Fig. 2a) coming from the onboard device 13 via a probe transceiver 12. The ADC converts the voltage to the corresponding distance d oichny serial code that is transmitted by the probe transceiver in the form of frequency-modulated signals

The on-board transceiver 14 receives the information, converts it into a binary parallel cop, and simultaneously transmits a clock signal from the control unit 26 to the submersible device. The received information on the clock pulses from the control unit 26 is recorded in the random access memory 15 (Fig. 26) Initially sounding information from the sensors pressure 2, temperature A and the gradiometer 4-8 along with the recording in the random access memory 15 is recorded in the second 17, third 24 and first 16 registers, respectively (Fig. 2 c), while the control input of the multiplexer 18 is set to a low level signal (Fig. 2d). Thus, the registers retain the values of the parameters measured at the previous sounding step — in P1 grad Ti 1, in P2 - Ni, in RE-Ti one.

Then, in each sensor polling cycle, the temperature values are adjusted by formula 2, for which trigger pulses are output to the first adder 19, the subtractive element 20 and the scale factor 22 from control unit 26 (Fig. 2e). The scale factor of multiplier 22 is set to 1/2. (The value of the gradiometric base Ad is selected from the consideration of a sufficient ratio of useful signal-noise and corresponds to 0.1-1 m). The second adder 23 completes the temperature adjustment operation (Fig. 2i), the value of which through the multiplexer

18, at the control input of which a high level signal is established (Fig. 2g), is recorded in the third register 24 (Fig. 2h) and is fed to the second input of the salinity calculator 21, the current depth value HI

and the gradient temperature grad TI is entered into the second 17 and the first 16 registers, respectively, after the operations are performed by the first adder 19 and the subtractive element 20 (Fig. 2k),

The output multiplexer of the salinity calculator 21 outputs the codes of pressure, temperature, conductivity and salinity to the display unit 25, which is synchronized by the control unit 26 (FIG. 2L).

The device also allows displaying the corrected temperature value (phi, 2 m) on the display unit 26.

An example implementation of the device. The complex uses standard sensors.

the following types: a temperature sensor is a resistance thermometer, a membrane pressure sensor is a strain gauge; conductivity or contact conductivity sensor.

As an amplifier, serial integrated operational amplifiers can be used, for example, the K140, K284, K544 series, etc., and the K543 series can be used as a switch and ADC,

K590, K 572, K1108.

Random access memory can be organized on integrated circuits K155RU2, K565RUZ; as registers, you can use integrated circuits K155IR1, multiplexer - K531KP2, K531KP11.

The functions of the display unit can be performed, for example, by a digital voltmeter or display

To calculate the salinity of the marine environment in the process of sounding, it is convenient to use the power polynomial developed by the Bramson method MA

S- J Ј ay-T / c, aij 0, i o j o

if i + j 4.

The salinity calculation scheme that implements this algorithm is shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 4 shows timing diagrams for the operation of this structural unit.

ROM 27 (see Fig. 3) contains codes of coefficients of the polynomial for calculating the salinity S in the following sequence:

Aoo, Aoi,

ao2 aoz

Ao4

aoi ao2 aoz

and you

ai ai2

Ai Ai

etc.

When information from all sensors has been entered and data codes from these sensors are entered into RAM 15, control unit 26 outputs a series of pulses to control the operation of calculator 21 (see FIG. 2H).

As a multiplying device

28 it is possible to use a K155PIS chip, the output of which is connected to the K155IR1 register used to store the result. If the control inputs S1 - S3 of this chip have a constant low level signal, then a change in the signal at the SO input will allow two operations: the transfer of the first operand without changes to the output of the chip and the multiplication of two quantities. The accumulating adder 29 is a K155IM type adder, the output of which is connected to a register input, for example, K155IR1, which is written to from the control unit 26.

The process of calculating salinity begins with entering the coefficient code into the register of accumulating adder 29, for which ROM 27 is given the address of this coefficient, a low level signal is sent to the control input of the multiplier 28, and the accumulator adder is fed to the control input

29 a control pulse is applied (Fig. 4a). Then on the RAM 15 from the control unit is given the address of the parameters E, electrical conductivity (Fig. 46), and on the ROM 27 - the address of the next coefficient. Through the first

30 and the second 31 multiplexers, the data is fed to the input buses of the multiplying device 28, and to the control input is a high level signal (Fig. 4c). The result goes to the adder 29 (Fig. 4d)

In the next step, the following coefficient is extracted from ROM 27. To obtain powers higher than the first, for example, the E multiplexer M2 31 switches to

receiving information on the second input (Fig. 4e), i.e. the second input of the multiplier 28 receives the result of the previous operation, and the first input is set to the same value, for example, E. After completing the calculations

0, the received and initial data are output to the display unit 25 via the third multiplexer 32, to which corresponding control signals are received from the control unit 26 (Fig. 4e).

5 The control unit 26 may be implemented on a microprocessor base. Consider the most simple implementation, for example, based on the K1816 single crystal microprocessor (PBE035). The principle scheme of such a device is given in the technical data sheet of the PBE035 microchip.

The microcircuit crystal contains almost all the nodes necessary for autonomous operation, with the exception of the command ROM, therefore the circuit diagram of the device, in addition to the main microprocessor, includes an external ROM K573РФ2 chip with a capacity of 2K eight-bit layer and an eight-bit buffer exchange register,

The control of the proposed probing device requires about 23 signals. Therefore, to perform the task in microprocessor bpok

The 5 controls add 3 eight-bit K589IR12 registers, the outputs of which are connected to the control inputs of all the structural elements of the onboard device. Electrical circuit control unit,

0 is shown in FIG. 5, contains a microprocessor 33 (K18116RBE035), permanent memory 34 (K573RF2) and four registers 35-38 (K589IR12). In accordance with the program recorded in the ROM

5 of the control unit to the registers 36-58, the series of control pulses shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 are output,

The control unit can also be executed on programmable logic.

0 matrices KR588VU. The circuit must contain a counter that counts the operation cycles of the probing device and allows you to select a program from a logic matrix corresponding to the operation mode of each

5 tact. In this case, the control unit is a simple machine with a memory.

In addition, the functions of blocks 15-24, 26 can be performed by a microprocessor-based computer based on the MP set of KR588 (Diplomat set). CPU circuit and

Instructions for operation are given in the technical documentation of the MP kit.

Claims (1)

Thus, the calculation of the S parameters implemented by the proposed device allows to increase the speed of probing, reduce the dynamic error of the measuring channels, and therefore, improve the accuracy of salinity determination, reflect the results in real time and get more data chalk. to be used when calculating such parameters of the aquatic environment as the density and the refractive index of the stratum p. For what it is sufficient to introduce the required coefficients of polynomials into the constant memory calculator salinity 21 and, accordingly, correct the algorithm recorded in the ROM of control unit 26, claims 1. A device for determining the depth distribution of water salinity in depth, contained its submersible device with a switch installed on it, an analog-digital converter, transceiver, amplifiers, sensors of temperature, pressure and conductivity, the outputs of which are connected via amplifiers to the input of the switch, and the output of the switch through analog-digital a transmitter to a transceiver, as well as an onboard device, including an onboard transceiver and a display unit, characterized in that, in order to increase the speed of sounding, an additional temperature sensor differentially connected with another sensor to the input of the additional amplifier whose output is connected to the submersible device is inserted into the submersible device to the input of the switch, and the on-board device includes a random access memory, three registers, a multiplexer, a salinity calculator, two adders, a calculating element, a scale factor and a control unit, with the inputs of the first and second registers and the first inputs of the multiplexer, the first adder, the subtracting element and the salinity calculator through a random access memory device connected to the output of the onboard transceiver, the outputs of the first and second registers are connected to the second inputs of the first adder and subtractive element respectively their outputs are connected to the first and second the inputs of the scale factor respectively, the output of which is connected to the first input of the second adder, the output of which is connected to the second input of the multiplexer, the output of which through the third connection register with the second input of the second adder and the hop of the salinity calculator, the output of which is connected to the input of the display unit, the outputs of the control unit are connected with the synchronization inputs of all structural elements of the onboard device. 2, device pop. 1, characterized in that the additional temperature sensor is mounted for movement along the rod relative to the group main sensors by the amount of the required gradmentation base in the direction of sounding. LSISSLI j input from 03У dxotf 2 of RZ # abi figz Fig 4, HI-