SU1704102A1 - Radiosignal microwave frequency pulse power automatic meter - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to radio measurements and can be used, in particular, in systems for the automatic control of electronic equipment. The purpose of the invention is to improve the measurement accuracy. The goal is achieved by introducing reprogrammable storage unit 8 and information recording unit 9 into the reprogram

Description

ate

with

xl

iЈ i

jo

Ifo

FIG. /

world storage unit. The introduced blocks and the formed links allow to linearize the passing characteristic of the detector 3, the output signal of which is fed to the first calculator 5 together with the signal of average power. If in all known technical solutions the signal from the detector is used directly as the envelope signal, in the invention the signal from detector 3 is used to generate the address of the reprogram. The invention relates to radio measurements and can be used, in particular, in systems of automatic control of radioelectronic equipment.

The aim of the invention is to improve the measurement accuracy. R

FIG. 1 shows a structural diagram of the meter; in fig. 2 is a block diagram of a unit for recording instantaneous voltage values; FIG. 3 - block diagram of the first 10 computing unit; in fig. 4 is a block diagram of the second computing unit; in fig. 5 is a block diagram of the control unit; in fig. 6 is a graph explaining the principle of linearization of the characteristics of the detector; in fig. 7 - the algorithm of the second computing unit.

Automatic pulse power meter of microwave radio signals (Fig. 1} contains a power divider 1, a mean power converter 2, a detector 3, a unit 4 for recording instantaneous voltage values, a first computing unit

5. indicator 6. switch 7, reprogrammable storage unit 8, block 9 25 of recording information into the reprogrammable storage unit and control unit 10.

The power divider 1, the average power converter 2, the first computational 30 unit 5 and the indicator 6 are connected in series. A detector 3 is connected in series, the input of which is connected to the output of power divider 1, unit 4 for recording instantaneous voltage values, commutator 7 and programmable storage unit 8. Moreover, the first computing unit 5 is connected with its first and third inputs to the first and second the outputs of block 4 are recording instantaneous values of 40 yrs and the fourth input - with the output of the programmable memory

6.Poka (memory) 8.

The information recording unit 9 in the reprogramming memory unit contains 45

A read-only permanent storage unit 8 for recording and reading numerical values linearizing the end-to-end characteristic of the measuring path. This eliminates the influence of the nonlinearity of the characteristic of the detector 3 on the measurement result. The device also contains a power divider 1, a medium power converter 2, an indicator 6, a unit 4 for recording instantaneous voltage values, a switch 7 a control unit 10. 1 h. the item of f-ly, 7 ill.

generator 11 connected in series, controlled by microwave attenuator 12. digital-to-analog converter 13, as well as the second computing unit 14, the inputs connected to the average power converter 2 and the unit 4 for recording instantaneous voltage values, and the output to the reprogrammable unit 8 and the switch 7.

The control unit 10 is connected to the control inputs of the meter units.

The unit 4 for recording instantaneous voltage values (Fig. 2) contains a converter of instantaneous voltage value 15, a memory unit 16, an address switch 17, a user register 18, a synchronizing generator 19 consisting of a series-connected element AND 20. an amplifier 21 of pulses the element OR 22, the first delay block 23, the pulse former 24, the counting trigger 25, the second delay block 26, the write address counter 27, AND 28, the setting trigger 29, the third delay block 30.

The nodes of block 4 of the instantaneous voltage values are connected in the following way. Element.N 28, the second input of which is connected to the installation trigger 29, is connected in series with the counting trigger 25. Shaper 24 pulses. a synchronized generator 19, an instantaneous voltage converter 15, the input of which receives a signal from detector 3, and a memory block 16, whose address input is connected through the address switch 17 to the user register 18 and the output of the write address counter 27, the input connected through the block 30 delays with a counting trigger 25. Memory memory 16 is also connected by an input through a delay block 28 to an output of a synchronized generator 19 and through an address switch 17 to an output of a write address counter 27.

Computing unit 5 (FIG. 3) contains memory block 31, multiplication unit 32.

the switch 33, the division unit 34 and the summation unit 35.

The nodes of the first computing unit 5 are connected as follows. The switch 33 is connected by one output to a dividing unit 34, to another output to a summing unit 35, the output of which is connected to the second input of dividing unit 34. The memory unit 31 is connected to the multiplication unit 32, the second input of which is connected to the output of the division unit 34.

Computing unit 14 (FIG. 4) comprises a clock pulse generator 36, a central processing unit 37, for example, a 580 series, an address bus buffer 38, a data bus buffer 39, a control signal generator 40, a read-only memory 41, a random access memory 42 and blocks 43 of a programmable parallel interface, block 14 is connected by inputs 44-46, respectively, to the outputs of blocks 10, 4 and converter 2, and outputs 47-49 are connected to the inputs of switch 7 and reprogrammable memory block 8.

The nodes of the second computing unit 14 are connected as follows. The clock pulse generator 36 is connected to the input of the central processor 37. whose outputs through the address bus buffer 38, the data bus buffer 39, the control signal generator 40 are connected to the ROM 41 and the RAM 42 and programmable parallel interface blocks 43.

The control unit 10 (Fig. 5) contains a serially connected reference frequency generator 50, a key 51, a pulse counter 52, a program storage unit 53, a command register 54, a command decoder 55, and a decoder 56, a first delay block 57, a first element OR 58 , second delay unit 39, program step counter 60, encoder 61. AND element 62. second OR element 63, counter 64, read address counter 65.

The OR element 63 is connected to the program step counter 60 and through the delay element 59 to the program storage unit 53, which is also connected to the output of the program step counter 60 and the input of the decoder 56 O, the output of which is connected to the control input of the key 51. One of the outputs The instruction decoder 55, via element 62, also connected to counter 64, is connected to encoder 61, the output of which is connected to program step counter 60. The output of the command decoder 55 is also connected to the inputs of counters 64 and 65 and through the delay unit 57 to the OR element 58, at the output of which a command to read information from the memory block 16 is formed.

FIG. 7 presents operations 66-68 algorithm of the computing unit

14.

The meter operates in two modes, the automatic tuning mode and the pulse power measurement mode.

When using the meter by its direct purpose, i.e. in the mode of pulse power measurement, the input signal is fed to the power divider 1, which sends it through two channels: to the average power converter 2 and to the channel

5 enumeration discretization by level and time, including detector 3, unit 4 for recording instantaneous voltage values, switch 7 and reprogrammable storage unit 8.

0A signal is generated at the output of the average power converter 2, which carries information about the average power of the sequence of input radio pulses. In the sampling channel envelope detector

5 3 selects the envelope of the measured radio pulse, and block 4 records the instantaneous values of the envelope voltage converts it into a sequence of digital samples. These digital samples are used

0 as addresses for retrieving digital data from a reprogrammable storage unit 8 recorded there earlier in the automatic setup mode.

In the pulse power measurement mode, the device operates in three stages.

The first stage — the recording of instantaneous values of the voltage of the envelope of the radio pulses — is performed by block 4 of the recording of instantaneous values (Fig. 2). which works like this. To implement the recording of instantaneous values, the control unit 1C sends control commands to the address switch 17, thus connecting the write counter 27 of the write station to the input of the address of the memory block 16. The conversion of the instantaneous value by the inverter 15 of the instantaneous voltage value is performed upon the arrival of the trigger pulses from the amplifier 21 pulses.

With the delay required to convert the signal in the converter of the instantaneous voltage value, the write pulses to the memory block 16 are formed from the start pulses by the delay block 26.

Let us consider in more detail the formation of recording pulses and write addresses. Upon arrival from the control unit 10 of the control command, the installation trigger 29 is set to one position. At the same time, the synchronization pulses, uniquely associated with the measured signal, are allowed to pass through the AND 28 element to the counting trigger 25. First, after the arrival of the control command of the synchronization pulses, the counting trigger 25 is set to the single position, and the next pulse to the measured signal is reset to the initial zero position. Upon transition to the initial position of the counting flip-flop 25, the reset trigger and the adjusting flip-flop 29 are transferred. Thus, at the output of the counting flip-flop 25 a single pulse is formed with a duration equal to the period of the synchronization pulses. This pulse arrives at element AND 20, closes the positive feedback circuit of amplifier 21 pulses through the line first delay block 23 - element OR 22. A short pulse formed by pulse shaper 24 on the leading edge of the pulse from the counting trigger 25 flows through the element OR 22 to the synchronized generator 19 and begins to circulate in the ring with a period determined by the magnitude of the delay of the first delay block 23. This process continues for a time of a single state of the counting trigger 25. The pulses from the output of the synchronizing generator 19 are sent as trigger pulses to the converter 15 of an instantaneous voltage value, these pulses, after passing through the delay block 26, act as pulses of writing to the memory block 16 . The write address is formed by the write address counter 27 of block 4 by counting the pulses of the synchronized generator 19. By the falling edge of the pulse from the counting trigger 25 with a delay determined by the delay block 30, the write address counter 27 is reset. The delayed signal of the counting trigger 25 comes as a recording pulse to the block 31 (FIG. 3) of the memory, where the code of the number n from the write address counter 27 also arrives. Thus,

p-r start pulse is generated

an instantaneous voltage transducer, n write pulses, and a write address code to memory block 16 (T is the repetition period of radio pulses, At is the pulse start period of the instantaneous voltage converter 15).

After the time required to complete the recording process, the control unit 10 issues a command to the average power converter 2, according to which the latter converts the average power value. The result of the conversion is stored in the converter until the third stage.

The second stage of work is to obtain the average power value from discrete instantaneous values of the signal envelope obtained in the first stage. At this stage, the control unit 10 sequentially generates commands for processing the information recorded in the memory block 16.

At the beginning of this stage, the control unit 10 forms a command to the address switch 17, which performs the switching

bus addresses of the memory block 16 from the write address counter 27 to the control block 10, as well as commands to the switch 33 (FIG. 3), which connects the block 35 to the output of the reprogrammable memory block 8.

Next, the control unit 10 sequentially generates the read addresses and sends read commands to the memory unit 16.

Read Instant Information

the measured signal is fed through the switch 7 as an address to the reprogrammable storage unit 8. Previously, at the manufacturing stage of the automatic adjustment mode of the meter, the reprogrammable storage unit 8 recorded information providing linearization of the conversion characteristic of the input power detector.

To read the information from the re-programmable storage unit 8, a command is also supplied from the control unit 10.

Read number via switch 33

enters the pre-zeroed

on command from control block 10 block 35.

Block 35 has a register

memory that allows you to accumulate in it

the results of the summation after reading the information for each address. Summation is performed by a command from control block 10. After processing in this way the information read at the last address of memory block 16,

the accumulator stores the value proportional to

,

4 1

where n is the number of discrete values recorded in memory block 16;

Uq is the instantaneous value of the measured signal recorded in block 8.

Upon completion of the summation, the control unit 10 sends commands to the switch 17

addresses and a switch 33, which respectively connect the output of user register 18 with the bus of the address of memory block 16 and the output of block 8 to the input of a dividing block 34. The device is prepared for the final stage of operation.

At the third (final) stage, the read command from control unit 10 reads information from memory block 16 at the address previously entered by the operator serving the device to user register 18. The number read at this address is converted by block 8 and through the switch 33 enters the dividing block 34 as a dividend. The result of the dividing unit 34

B- UB

o - ---- i

2Uq q 1

where UB, the instantaneous value of the voltage at the address selected by the user arrives at the multiplying unit 32.

The same block receives the result of the average power conversion by the average power converter 2 and information from the memory block 31 on the number of instantaneous values of the input signal recorded in the memory block 31.

In multiplication unit 32, commands from control unit 10 sequentially multiply the values of the average PCp power, the value of B --- and

2uq

q 1

the number n recorded in block 31 of the memory of instantaneous values n of the input signal. Thus, the output value

Rhv

 Rsr p UB

Јuq

q 1

corresponds to the instantaneous value of the pulse power at the point of the time axis specified by the operator. On command from the control unit 10, the measured instantaneous power value is entered into the indicator 6.

The operation of the meter in the basic mode, the mode of measuring the pulse power of the input signal, is considered above. In the proposed device, as mentioned, at the production stage, the automatic tuning mode is implemented in order to take into account the individual characteristics of the microwave detector 3. This is done using the information recording unit 9 in the reprogrammable storage unit 8 and the switch 7. A continuous microwave signal is fed to the meter input from generator 11 through controlled attenuator 12 microwave, and e block 10 control

A special meter setup program is installed.

The meter in this speech works in two stages.

5 The first stage is the determination of the reference values of the detector characteristics. At this stage, after starting the program, the control unit 10 supplies the digital-to-analog converter 13 with such a digital code,

10, in which the controlled attenuator 12 of the microwave is opened and the maximum permissible power level arrives from the generator 11 to the power divider 1. Then, at the command from the control unit 10, the converter 15 (Fig. 2) of the instantaneous voltage value converts the DC voltage from the detector 3 into the code, and the result of the conversion is read by the computation unit at the command of the control unit 10

20 14 (entry 45). Also, at the command from the control unit 10, the average power converter 2 converts the value of the power of the continuous signal, the value of this power PI (input 46) is also stored in

25 operational storage device 42 of the block 14 calculations. The described cycle of operations is repeated for different power values set by the attenuator 12 microwave controlled

30 As a result of the operation of the device at this stage, for each reference point in the RAM (41) of the computing unit 14, the power values Pi ..Pn and the corresponding voltages from detector 3 are recorded.

35 The second stage is the calculation of the values of voltages introduced into the reprogrammable storage unit 8. At this stage, the computing unit 14 alternately calculates the values of the voltages stored in

40 reprogrammable storage unit 8 for reference points.

AT THIS FOR: 4.3 PROKIMEEMoy for the main, for example, before. maximum power points Pn (Fig. 6). value

45, the voltage Un is taken equal to the value of the voltage LU. on Pcnom / dt ° given power level Рп at the previous stage. For the remaining reference points, stress values are calculated from

50 formula

IG-th

(2)

where Ui is the voltage value recorded in block 8;

55Un is the voltage value at the output of the detector when the power P is supplied for the reference point taken as the main one.

Pn is the value of the power supplied to the detector at the main reference point

PI - the value of the power supplied to the detector at an arbitrary reference point,

Next, the computational unit 14. using the calculated values of Ui, U2, ... Un, alternately calculates all intermediate values of the stresses entered in block 8 using the formula

and +1 - ui

u-u + WTT i U-U

0)

where U is the voltage value by writing mine to block 8 at the address corresponding to the voltage U;

Ui is the voltage value at the 1st reference point, obtained when the power PI is supplied;

Ui are the voltage values entered in block 8 for the 1st reference point and calculated by the formula (2),

Ui + i U Ui.

The voltage values U calculated in this way are written down by addresses corresponding to all possible code values from converter 15.

Unit 14 operates according to the algorithm shown in FIG. 7. The program implementing this algorithm is recorded in the persistent storage device 41. Block 14 enters the execution of this program directly after supplying power to it.

During the execution of the program, control commands are issued from the control unit 10 via the programmable parallel interface block 43 (input 44).

Two kinds of commands are used to call the two branches of the algorithm. The two bits of the input code in these commands are used to encode the command type, the remaining bits to indicate either the calibration point number (in the first command) or the extreme calibration point (in the second command).

The selection of the command type is implemented by operations 66 - 68 of the algorithm.

The command of the first type used in calibrating the detector implements the branch of the algorithm containing operations 69–73, and the command of the second type implements the branch containing operations 74–86.

As a result of the implementation of the algorithm of FIG. 7, block 8 will contain numerical values ensuring the linearity of the pass-through transmission characteristic of detector 3, blocks 4 and 8.

The control unit 10 operates as follows.

To start the device, the operator, using the controls, sends a Start command to the second element OR 63, which goes to the program step counter 60 and the second delay unit 59 and translates

Chick 60 step programs from zero to first position. The binary code of the first program step generated by the program step counter 60 is fed to the program storage unit 53, the second delayed delay unit 59 forms a read command, and the first program word is read.

Words of the program in block 53 storage

10 programs sequentially consist of two parts: a time delay code and a command code issued from the control unit 10 to other units of the device.

The time delay code is entered in

15 a pulse counter 52, to the counting input of which is fed through the key 51 of the reference frequency from the reference frequency generator 50. The pulses of the reference frequency are counted by a pulse counter 52, which gives

20 overflow signal at the time point when the sum of the previously entered number and the number of pulses arriving at the input of the counter

52 pulses, exceeds the total capacity of the meter. The overflow signal through the second element OR 63 is fed to the counting input of the program step counter 60. As a result, the program step counter 60 forms the address code of the next program step. The process is then repeated until reading.

30 last command of programs.

The second part of the words written in the block

53 program storage, enters the register

54 commands in the form of a binary command code, then decoded by the decoder 55 com35 mand. A command decoder 55 directly generates control commands to all units of the device in the form of potential levels of duration corresponding to the length of the program step. One of the commands from the decoder 55 commands arrives at the counting input of the counter 65 of the read address and through the first delay block 57 to the first element OR 58. At the same time, the counter 65 of the read address generates a binary

45 the progress of the read address, and at the output of the first

element 58 is formed by the command to

 reading information from memory block 16.

Formed teams

reads are used to read

50 information recorded at all addresses. In the final stage, when it is necessary to ensure that only one user-specified address is read, another command is used from the output of the decoder 55 commands, which through the first OR 58 element goes to the same read input of the memory block 16. The formation of the addresses for reading the information of the memory block 16 is carried out in strict accordance with the number of p.

16 memory records. At counter 64, at the end of the recording step, as in memory block 31, the number of n. As the process of reading information from memory block 16 and

P

calculating the value of A Ј Uq consists of

q 1

With repeating groups of operations, in block 10 of the control, the possibility of implementing cyclic repetition of groups of operations is provided.

Cyclic repetition is implemented as follows.

A special command is formed from the command decoder 55, the code of which is recorded in the program storage block 53 at the end of the array to be repeated. This command is received through AND 62. which is open if the state of counter 64 is not zero, and then to the encoder 61. The encoder 61 generates the binary code of the command address from which the repeated array begins, and writes this code to the counter 60 program steps, ensuring repetition of the process. In the process of reading, one of the commands of the decoder 55 of the commands received at the counter 65 of the read address is also fed to the counter 64. The value of the number in the counter decreases as n repeats the cycles from n to 0. At the zero position of the counter 64, the element 62 closes, cyclically repeating stopped, the program step counter 60 goes to the next program address. Thus, to ensure the measurement process, the program storage unit 53 must include the codes of all elementary actions for managing individual units of the device.

As a result of the introduction of blocks 7-9, allowing the meter to be automatically adjusted. taking into account the individual characteristics of the detector characteristics, the influence of the nonlinear nature of the transfer characteristic of the detector 3 on the measurement result of the pulse power is eliminated, which leads to a decrease in the measurement error. The more positive effect is, the more the radio pulse envelope differs from the rectangular shape.

Claims (2)

Claims 1. An automatic pulse power meter for microwave radio signals comprising a series-connected power divider, an average power converter, a first computing unit and an indicator, a series-connected detector and an instant recording unit voltage values, as well as a control unit and a switch, with the detector input connected to the second output of the power divider, the first and second outputs of the instantaneous voltage component connected to the second and third inputs of the first computing unit, and the first, second, third and fourth the outputs of the control unit are connected to the equalizing inputs of the average power converter, the first computing unit, the indicator and the unit for recording instantaneous voltage values, the input of the control unit is connected to the first way out 5 block of recording instantaneous voltage values, characterized in that, in order to improve measurement accuracy, a switch and reprogrammable storage unit are introduced into it, the output of which is connected to the fourth input of the first computational unit, as well as the information recording unit in the reprogrammable storage unit, the first and the second inputs of which are connected respectively to the third 5 output of the unit for recording instantaneous voltage values and the second output of the average power converter, and the first, second and third outputs of the information recording unit in the reprogrammable storage unit with the second and third inputs of the programmable storage unit and the first input of the switch, respectively, the second input of which is connected to the fourth output of the recording unit 5 instantaneous voltage values, the fourth output of the information recording unit in the reprogrammable storage unit is connected to the second input of the power divider, and the control inputs of the switchboard of the reprogramming storage unit and the first and second control inputs of the information recording unit in the reprogramming The memory and storage unit are connected to the fifth, sixth, and seventh control units of the control unit. 2. The meter according to claim 1, characterized in that the information recording unit E is a non-programmable storage unit contains a second computing unit and 0 series-connected oscillator, controlled microwave attenuator and digital-analog converter, the first one. The second inputs and the first, second, third outputs of the second computing unit are 5, respectively, the first, second inputs and the first, second, third outputs of the information recording unit in the reprogrammable storage unit. the fourth output of which is the output of the controlled SBCH attenuator. The second control unit and the digital-to-analog converter are the first and second units of 5 liters, respectively. J Alone, launch from ff / r. ten П9 Imp. Cuha. From 6l. W / D 7.10 FIG. 2 equaling inputs of the information recording unit to the reprogrammable memory sixteen 45 К8лЈку1Ь Otb.by HS / tJKy 7 Com, ex. 1com control J, cl.55 CN Oh t: o g  about 51 e § "Ъ t S. "e" §ж H h