SU1223251A1 - Calculating device for processing thermograms - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention can be used for the physical-chemical analysis of ferrous metals according to the thermogram of the crystallizations. The specialized calculator for the processing of the thermograms has an analog-digital converter, linked to the synchronization block, to which the sequence pulse generator, the reversible counter, connected through the first register to the digital indication block, have been connected. , the first element Y, connected to the first time counter and to the cycle counter, which is connected via the switch block to the second element Y, which is connected to the first element Y, the threshold counter connected to the counter of time, the trigger. The novelty consists in that the device can include a second timer, a second register, a decoder of zero, the element O and a third element Y. The invention is intended to determine the chemical decomposition of the liquid metal at the temperature of beginning of crystallization.

Description

form, the result of thermogram processing, corresponding to the temperature at which such a temperature platform appeared. Usage

The invention relates to computing and can be used for physico-chemical analysis of ferrous metals from a crystallization thermogram, in particular in steelmaking to determine the chemical composition of a liquid metal from the onset temperature of crystallization (liquidus temperature).

The aim of the invention is to enhance the functionality of the device by processing a thermogram with several temperature sites.

FIG. 1 shows the scheme of the proposed device; in fig. 2 - analog-to-digital converter circuit; in fig. 3 shows timing diagrams illustrating the principle of operation of the analog-to-digital converter; in fig. 4 is a diagram of a synchronization unit; in fig. 5 is a timing diagram explaining the operation of the synchronization unit; in fig. 6 is a metal cooling thermogram illustrating the principle of operation of the device.

The device contains analog-to-digital converter 1, synchronization unit 2, 3 clock pulse generator, reversible counters 4 and 5, registers 6 and 7, time counters 8 and 9, decoder 10 zero, cycle counter 11, switch block 12, trigger 13, elements And 14 - 16, element OR 17 and display unit 18, automatic potentiometer 19, driver unit 20, automatic potentiometer carriage 21, photo reader 22, photodetectors 23 and 24 Schmitt triggers 25 and 26, shapers 27 - 30 pulses, And elements 31 - 38 , elements OR 39 and 40, triggers 41 - 45, elements AND 46 - 51, divider 52 frequencies. The master node 20 is a base with two counting lanes, on which are located 12223251

This allows for a 6% increase in the reliability of the results of control of the main technological parameters of steelmaking. 1 hp ff, 6 ill.

Transparent and opaque elements, the elements of one counting track are shifted along the axis of the driver node by 1/4 step relative to the elements of the other counting track (Fig. 2).

The photo reader 22 contains two photodetectors 23 and 24 and two emitters (not shown). Photodetectors and

the emitters are located on different

the sides of the counting tracks in a straight, perpendicular direction to the movement of the photochanger.

An automatic potentiometer can be used as an automatic potentiometer 19, an infrared LED as an emitter, and a photodiode as a photodetector.

An analog-to-digital converter unit is designed to determine the direction of movement of the carriage 21 informing, respectively, of code pulses. Triggers

25 and 26. Designed to convert signals from photoreceivers 23 and 24 into square wave signals. In block 12, the binary code of the number KU, J associated with the given

the cycle time iT of the processing of the thermogram and the frequency of the pulses following at the input of the counter 11 are

35

, t.

So, for example, if the cycle time of processing thermograms is assumed to be tu 25 s, then with a pulse frequency at the input of the counter 11 E, 4 Hz the number

40 .hu is equal to 100 (binary code 1100100). Therefore, the switches of the third, sixth, and seventh bits of block 12 must be connected to the single outputs of the corresponding bit.

4J counter 11 cycles, and the rest - to zero.

3

The device works as follows.

Before starting a thermogram processing cycle using a setup button (not shown), cycle counter 11 and trigger 13 are set to the initial (zero) state, and register 7 is entered into a binary value code from the threshold of the duration of the temperature sites to be detected. . When the counter 11 is reset, the output of the element 15 forms a signal that opens the element 14 and simultaneously turns off the indicator lamps of the display unit 18.

An analog signal proportional to the current temperature of the cooling metal is fed to the input of analog-digital converter 1. With this converter, the analog signal is converted into a pulse number code - a sequence of electrical pulses generated at one or another converter output (depending on the sign of the increment of the analog signal ) at each elementary increment of the signal.

The principle of forming code pulses K and K using an analog-digital converter (Fig. 2) is illustrated by timing diagrams (Fig. 3), where E and Ej are the signals at the outputs of photodetectors 23 and 24, respectively; Q ir - respectively, the signals on the unit and zero outputs of the Schmitt trigger 25, respectively, the signals on the unit and zero outputs of the Schmitt trigger 26, q - q, respectively, the signals on the outputs of the formers 27 - 30; K and K are code pulses that are formed at the outputs of the elements OR 39 and 40, respectively.

When the signal to the input of the automatic potentiometer 19 (Fig. 2) changes, the photo reader 22, mechanically connected to the carriage 21, moves relative to the driver unit 20, repeating all the movements of the carriage. As a result, the light flux from the radiator to the photodetectors 23 and 24 is modulated by the opaque elements of the corresponding counting track. At the output of photodetectors 23 and 24, variable electrical signals E and E are produced, which are consequently.

five ,

ten

15

20

25

23251,

spatial shift of elements

the first and second counting tracks are shifted relative to each other in phase by 1/4 of the period. At the same time, when the carriage moves from left to right, corresponding to a positive temperature increment, the signal from the output of the photodetector 23 is 1/4 of the period lagging in phase from the signal from the output of the photoreceiver 24 (Fig. 3a). As a result, with this direction of movement of the carriage, only code pulses K, are generated. When the carriage moves from right to left, corresponding to a negative temperature increment, the signal from the output of the photodetector 23 is 1/4 of the period ahead of the signal from the output of the photodetector 24 (Fig. 35). Therefore, in this direction of movement, only code pulses are generated K.

The code pulses K and K from the outputs of the analog-digital converter 1 through block 2 arrive at the outputs of addition or subtraction and reversible counters 4 and 5. As a result, a parallel code proportional to the current temperature of the liquid metal is formed in the reversible counter 5.

Serial clock pulses from the output of the generator 3 through the block 2 and the open element And 14 is supplied to the counting inputs of time counters 8 and 11 cycles, subtracting the input of time counter 9 and to the input of the decoder 10 zero. Since the clock and code pulses are shifted in time relative to each other, this eliminates the possibility of device malfunction. The principle of synchronization of code and clock pulses using block 2

 (Fig. 4) illustrates a temporary

diagram (Fig. 5), which is indicated; G - clock pulses from the generator T and T, - respectively, the signals at the single and zero outputs of the trigger 41 i G and G. - respectively, the pulses at the outputs of the elements 46 and 47; a code pulse corresponding to a positive temperature increment; T is the signal at the unit output of flip-flop 42; Y is the signal at the output of the element And 48; T and Tj - respectively, the signals on the unit and zero outputs of the trigger 43; synchronized code

55 pulse generated at the output of the element And 49.

Upon receipt of a clock pulse from the generator to the counting input

trigger 41 successively changes its state. The signals from the one and zero outputs of the trigger 41 are received, respectively, at the inputs of the elements 46 and 47, the other inputs of which receive clock pulses from the generator. As a result, two series of pulses are formed at the outputs of these elements, shifted one relative to the other by half the period. Frequency f | the following of the pulses of the series G Y is equal to the frequency Gt of the following of the pulses of the series G, then {f 0.5f, where f is the frequency of the following pulses coming from the generator.

Pulses of series C are received through a frequency divider 52 at the output of block 2, at which the working series of GO clock pulses with a frequency f, defined by the divider recalculation coefficient, is formed.

Pulses of series C (synchronizing pulses) are fed to the inputs. elements 48 to 51. In the initial state, the triggers 42-45 are in the zero state. Upon receipt of the next code pulse from the output of an analog-to-digital converter, for example, a code pulse corresponding to a positive increment of the analog signal, this pulse arrives at the single input of flip-flop 42. As a result, a single control signal is generated at the input of the And 48 element. After a change in the state of the trigger 42, at the moment the next synchronizing pulse AND 48 arrives at the input of the element, an impulse V is formed at the output of this element, which sets trigger 43 in one state. The signal from the zero output of the trigger 43 is closed by the element And 48, and the signal from the single output of the trigger 43 is fed to the second input of the element And 49.

At the moment the next clock pulse arrives, a synchronized code pulse is generated at the output of the element, which arrives at the output of block 2 and simultaneously sets the triggers 42 and 43 to the initial (zero) state, thus preparing them for receiving the next code pulse.

When the synchronization unit 2 operates, a case of partial coincidence of the code and synchronizing J pulses is possible. This can lead to the appearance at the output of the element And 48 of an inferior pulse V (Fig. 5), for example, to the appearance of a pulse of insufficient duration or of insufficient amplitude. If such an impulse pulse occurs, trigger 43 may continue to remain in the zero state as long as

5 at the input element And 48 will not receive the next clock pulse.

Since at the moment of arrival of the next synchronizing pulse, the state of the trigger 42 can no longer change, then at the output of the element I 48 at the indicated moment a second (full) pulse V forms, which sets the trigger 43 into the single state. At the moment of arrival of the next clock pulse at the output of the element And 49 a synchronized code pulse is generated, which is fed to the output of the synchronization block

0 and at the same time sets the triggers 42 and 43 to the initial (zero) state.

Similarly, triggers 44 and 45 and And 50 and 51 elements synchronize the code pulses corresponding to the negative increment of the analog signal.

As can be seen from the description of the principle

The action of the synchronization unit, to ensure its reliable operation, it is necessary that the frequency of following the synchronizing pulses of a series be at least three times higher than

The maximum possible frequency of the code pulses from the analog-to-digital converter.

In the process of recording a thermogram (Fig. 6), every time when local temperature changes exceed a set threshold, a pulse is generated at the corresponding overflow output of counter 4, which, arriving at the installation input of counter 8 of time, resets the last one to zero.

Since the clock pulses are constantly received at the addition of the time counter 8, by the time of the next reset of this counter its content is proportional to the time interval D t v (v 1, 2, 3 ...) from the moment of the previous reset.

The overflow pulses of the counter 4 through the OR element 17 arrive at the zero input of the trigger 13, confirming its zero state, and at the same time the control input of the record of the time counter 9, and the value t ,, code will be entered into the last register 7. Since the series clock inputs to the subtraction input of counter 9 are constantly received, by the time the next pulse arrives at the control input of counter 9, its contents are proportional to the difference. Therefore, until 4iv / He exceeds the threshold i due to the high rate of temperature change, the contents a time counter 9 will be different from zero and a signal at the output of the decoder 10 zero is not formed.

At time 1 (Fig. 6), a temperature platform appears on the thermogram, with a duration of i. Since the duration of this site is less than the threshold, then by the time i. i + L, when the next overflow of the counter 4 occurs, the contents of the counter 9 does not yet reach zero, which means the signal at the output of the decoder 10 does not form a zero.

At time point -fc (Fig. 6), a second temperature platform appears on the thermogram, having a duration of 1 1p. Therefore, at time t 1c + 1 ° in the time counter 9, the number zero is formed, as a result of which a pulse appears at the output of the decoder 10 zero. This impulse, which enters the control input of the record of register 6, records the last contents of the reversing counter 5, corresponding to the temperature T at the moment of time t. At the same time, the impulse from the output of the decoder 10 zero sets the trigger 13 to one state. The signal from the single output of the trigger 13 is fed to the input element And 16, preparing it for the passage of a pulse to the control input recording register 7.

At the moment of time tj +1 „, the next overflow of counter 4 occurs. The impulse from the overflow output of the threshold counter through eleven32518

ment OR 17 and the open element AND 16 enters the control input of the record of register 7. Since

time t the contents of the counter 8 are

6l.

If L is equal to L, then when a pulse arrives at the control input of recording register 7 into it from time counter 8, the code of the duration of the detected temperature area exceeding the threshold L is entered. In addition, the overflow pulse of counter 4, with its falling edge, returns trigger 13 to the zero state.

5 In the process of further cooling of the metal, the overflow pulses of the counter 4 through the element OR 17 are fed to the control input of the record of the counter 9 and entered into the last

0 from register 7 is the code of t. . Since the clock pulses are still constantly received at the input of the subtraction of the time counter 9, by the time of the arrival of the next pulse.

5 to the control input of the time counter 9, its contents will be proportional.

0

five

0

2-At.

national differences

At time t (Fig. 6), a third temperature platform with a duration, appears on the thermogram. Therefore at the moment

O / X

time t tj + L in the time counter 9, the number zero is formed. As a result, a pulse is formed at the output of the decoder 10 zero, which enters into the register 6 of the reversible counter 5 a temperature code T (FIG. 6) and simultaneously sets the trigger 13 into a single state. The signal from the single output of the trigger 13 prepares the element AND 16 for the passage of a pulse to the control input of the register 7.

At time t

I

the next overflow of counter 4 occurs, since the temperature increment relative to the temperature at time tg exceeds the threshold. The overflow pulse of the counter 4 through the element IPI 17 and the open element And 16 and enters into the register 7 from the counter 8 of time the code of the value of i - the duration of the third temperature pad. The same impulse, with its falling edge, returns trigger 13 to the zero state.

Starting from the moment of time g (Fig. 6), the overflow pulses of the counter 4,

formed at intervals of time, when temperature changes reach the threshold value, will pass through the OR element 17 to the control input of time counter 9 and enter the value 1 code into the last register of 7. Therefore, starting from the moment tg, the contents of time counter 9 to the moments of overflow of counter 4 turn out to be equal to the difference Lj-A-kj, which is different from zero. At the time point, a fourth temperature platform appears on the thermogram, the duration t of which exceeds the threshold. However, since the duration L of this temperature pad is less than the duration Lj of the preceding temperature pad, then by the time tj + tj, the contents of counter 9 have not reached zero yet, which means there is no impulse at the output of the decoder 10 zero. Therefore, in register 6, the temperature code T, corresponding to the temperature pad, which has the longest duration in time, will remain:

 one,

 L,

l ll oh

 , H

four

at time t (Fig. 6), the code of the number Pu, is generated in the cycle counter 11. As a result, at the output of the element 15, a control signal is formed, which blocks the element 14. Thus, the flow of pulses to the inputs of counters 8, 9, and 11 is stopped, as a result of which any temperature area detected on the thermogram after the preset time is detected processing time. At the same time, the signal from the output of the element 15, arriving at the control input of the display unit 18, switches on the indicator lamps of this block. On the latter, the result of thermogram processing is displayed numerically, corresponding to the temperature of the TD at which the temperature area appeared, having the greatest duration in time.

Claims (2)

1. A computing device for processing thermograms containing a trigger, an analog-to-digital converter, whose input is input 22325110 device house, and the outputs are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the synchronization unit mode setting, the outputs of which are connected to the addition and subtraction inputs of the first and second reversible counters and to the first input of the first And element, the clock input of the synchronization unit pulses, the output of the first reversible counter is connected to the information input of the first register, the output of the first element I is connected to the counting inputs of the first counter t5 of the time and loop counter, the outputs are DOV which through the switch block is connected respectively to the inputs of the second element And, the output of which is connected to the second input 20 of the first And element, the overflow outputs of the second reversible counter are connected respectively to the first and second installation inputs of the first time counter, which is 25 to e, so as to enhance the functionality by processing a thermogram with several temperature areas. entered into the second counter time the second register, the decoder zero, the element OR, the third element AND and the display unit, whose information input is connected to the output of the first register, and the output is the output of the device, the output of the third element AND is connected to the input of the second register, whose information input is connected to the output of the first time counter, the output of the second register is connected to the information input of the second time counter, the output of the first element I is connected to the computational input of the second time counter and to the strobe input of the decoder zero, the information input of which is connected to the output of the second time counter, the output of the zero decoder is connected to the recording input of the first register and to the single trigger input whose single output is connected to the first input of the third And element, the overflow outputs of the second reversible counter are respectively connected to the first and second inputs of the OR element whose output is connected to the zero input of the trigger, to the second input of the third element And and to the input of the recording of the second time counter, the output of the second element And eleven connected to the control input of the display unit. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the synchronization unit contains AND elements, triggers and a frequency divider, whose input is connected to the output of the first element AND, the counting input of the first trigger and the first inputs of the first and second elements AND are connected to the clock input of the block, the second inputs of the first and second elements And are connected respectively to the zero and single outputs of the first trigger, the single inputs of the second and third triggers are respectively the first and second inputs of the block mode, the single outputs are connected respectively to the first entrances of the third and 23251 the fourth elements And, the second inputs of which and the first inputs of the fifth and sixth elements And connected to the output of the second element And, the single inputs 5 fourth and fifth triggers are connected respectively to the outputs of the third and fourth elements And, the third inputs of which are connected respectively to the zero inputs of the fourth 10 and fifth triggers, single outputs of which are connected respectively to the second inputs of the fifth and sixth elements AND, whose outputs and output of the frequency divider are outputs 15 blocks, zero inputs of the second and fourth flip-flops are connected to the output of the fifth element And, zero inputs of the third and fifth triggers are connected to the output of the sixth element I. ". t Fig Phage.g FIG. . ° Compiled by Editor V.Petrash Techred. N. Bonkalo Proofreader G. Reshetnik Order 1716/53 Circulation 671 Subscription VNIIPI State Committee of the USSR for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5 Branch ShSh Patent, Uzhgorod, st. Project, 4