SG10201709574WA - Audio providing apparatus and audio providing method - Google Patents
Audio providing apparatus and audio providing methodInfo
- Publication number
- SG10201709574WA SG10201709574WA SG10201709574WA SG10201709574WA SG10201709574WA SG 10201709574W A SG10201709574W A SG 10201709574WA SG 10201709574W A SG10201709574W A SG 10201709574WA SG 10201709574W A SG10201709574W A SG 10201709574WA SG 10201709574W A SG10201709574W A SG 10201709574WA
- Authority
- SG
- Singapore
- Prior art keywords
- audio providing
- audio
- providing apparatus
- providing method
- providing
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
- H04S5/00—Pseudo-stereo systems, e.g. in which additional channel signals are derived from monophonic signals by means of phase shifting, time delay or reverberation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
- H04S3/00—Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic
- H04S3/008—Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic in which the audio signals are in digital form, i.e. employing more than two discrete digital channels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
- H04S5/00—Pseudo-stereo systems, e.g. in which additional channel signals are derived from monophonic signals by means of phase shifting, time delay or reverberation
- H04S5/005—Pseudo-stereo systems, e.g. in which additional channel signals are derived from monophonic signals by means of phase shifting, time delay or reverberation of the pseudo five- or more-channel type, e.g. virtual surround
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
- H04S2400/00—Details of stereophonic systems covered by H04S but not provided for in its groups
- H04S2400/03—Aspects of down-mixing multi-channel audio to configurations with lower numbers of playback channels, e.g. 7.1 -> 5.1
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
- H04S2400/00—Details of stereophonic systems covered by H04S but not provided for in its groups
- H04S2400/11—Positioning of individual sound objects, e.g. moving airplane, within a sound field
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
- H04S2420/00—Techniques used stereophonic systems covered by H04S but not provided for in its groups
- H04S2420/01—Enhancing the perception of the sound image or of the spatial distribution using head related transfer functions [HRTF's] or equivalents thereof, e.g. interaural time difference [ITD] or interaural level difference [ILD]
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Computational Linguistics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Stereophonic System (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201261732938P | 2012-12-04 | 2012-12-04 | |
US201261732939P | 2012-12-04 | 2012-12-04 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
SG10201709574WA true SG10201709574WA (en) | 2018-01-30 |
Family
ID=50883694
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
SG11201504368VA SG11201504368VA (en) | 2012-12-04 | 2013-12-04 | Audio providing apparatus and audio providing method |
SG10201709574WA SG10201709574WA (en) | 2012-12-04 | 2013-12-04 | Audio providing apparatus and audio providing method |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
SG11201504368VA SG11201504368VA (en) | 2012-12-04 | 2013-12-04 | Audio providing apparatus and audio providing method |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US9774973B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2930952B1 (en) |
JP (3) | JP6169718B2 (en) |
KR (2) | KR101802335B1 (en) |
CN (2) | CN107690123B (en) |
AU (3) | AU2013355504C1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112015013154B1 (en) |
CA (2) | CA2893729C (en) |
MX (3) | MX347100B (en) |
MY (1) | MY172402A (en) |
RU (3) | RU2613731C2 (en) |
SG (2) | SG11201504368VA (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014088328A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (34)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6174326B2 (en) * | 2013-01-23 | 2017-08-02 | 日本放送協会 | Acoustic signal generating device and acoustic signal reproducing device |
US9736609B2 (en) * | 2013-02-07 | 2017-08-15 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Determining renderers for spherical harmonic coefficients |
KR102332632B1 (en) | 2013-03-28 | 2021-12-02 | 돌비 레버러토리즈 라이쎈싱 코오포레이션 | Rendering of audio objects with apparent size to arbitrary loudspeaker layouts |
CN105144751A (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2015-12-09 | 英迪股份有限公司 | Audio signal processing method using generating virtual object |
US9838823B2 (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2017-12-05 | Intellectual Discovery Co., Ltd. | Audio signal processing method |
EP2879131A1 (en) | 2013-11-27 | 2015-06-03 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Decoder, encoder and method for informed loudness estimation in object-based audio coding systems |
EP3075173B1 (en) | 2013-11-28 | 2019-12-11 | Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation | Position-based gain adjustment of object-based audio and ring-based channel audio |
JP6306958B2 (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2018-04-04 | 日本放送協会 | Acoustic signal conversion device, acoustic signal conversion method, and acoustic signal conversion program |
EP2975864B1 (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2020-05-13 | Alpine Electronics, Inc. | Signal processing apparatus for a vehicle sound system and signal processing method for a vehicle sound system |
US10349197B2 (en) | 2014-08-13 | 2019-07-09 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method and device for generating and playing back audio signal |
CN106716525B (en) * | 2014-09-25 | 2020-10-23 | 杜比实验室特许公司 | Sound object insertion in a downmix audio signal |
WO2016052191A1 (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2016-04-07 | ソニー株式会社 | Transmitting device, transmission method, receiving device, and receiving method |
JP6732764B2 (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2020-07-29 | ドルビー ラボラトリーズ ライセンシング コーポレイション | Hybrid priority-based rendering system and method for adaptive audio content |
JP6904250B2 (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2021-07-14 | ソニーグループ株式会社 | Transmitter, transmitter, receiver and receiver |
US10136240B2 (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2018-11-20 | Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation | Processing audio data to compensate for partial hearing loss or an adverse hearing environment |
US10257636B2 (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2019-04-09 | Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation | Spatial audio signal manipulation |
CN106303897A (en) | 2015-06-01 | 2017-01-04 | 杜比实验室特许公司 | Process object-based audio signal |
GB2543275A (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2017-04-19 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Distributed audio capture and mixing |
JP2019518373A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2019-06-27 | ディーティーエス・インコーポレイテッドDTS,Inc. | Immersive audio playback system |
CN109479178B (en) | 2016-07-20 | 2021-02-26 | 杜比实验室特许公司 | Audio object aggregation based on renderer awareness perception differences |
HK1219390A2 (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2017-03-31 | Siremix Gmbh | Endpoint mixing product |
US10979844B2 (en) * | 2017-03-08 | 2021-04-13 | Dts, Inc. | Distributed audio virtualization systems |
US9820073B1 (en) | 2017-05-10 | 2017-11-14 | Tls Corp. | Extracting a common signal from multiple audio signals |
US10602296B2 (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2020-03-24 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Audio object adjustment for phase compensation in 6 degrees of freedom audio |
KR102409376B1 (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2022-06-15 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Display apparatus and control method thereof |
JP6988904B2 (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2022-01-05 | 株式会社ソシオネクスト | Acoustic signal processing device and acoustic signal processing method |
JP6431225B1 (en) * | 2018-03-05 | 2018-11-28 | 株式会社ユニモト | AUDIO PROCESSING DEVICE, VIDEO / AUDIO PROCESSING DEVICE, VIDEO / AUDIO DISTRIBUTION SERVER, AND PROGRAM THEREOF |
CN115334444A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2022-11-11 | 杜比国际公司 | Method, apparatus and system for pre-rendering signals for audio rendering |
JP7363795B2 (en) | 2018-09-28 | 2023-10-18 | ソニーグループ株式会社 | Information processing device, method, and program |
JP6678912B1 (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2020-04-15 | 株式会社Thd | Extended sound system and extended sound providing method |
JP7136979B2 (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2022-09-13 | アルゴリディム ゲー・エム・ベー・ハー | Methods, apparatus and software for applying audio effects |
US11576005B1 (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2023-02-07 | Meta Platforms Technologies, Llc | Time-varying always-on compensation for tonally balanced 3D-audio rendering |
CN113889125B (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-03-04 | 腾讯科技(深圳)有限公司 | Audio generation method and device, computer equipment and storage medium |
TW202348047A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2023-12-01 | 瑞典商都比國際公司 | Methods and systems for immersive 3dof/6dof audio rendering |
Family Cites Families (59)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5228085A (en) * | 1991-04-11 | 1993-07-13 | Bose Corporation | Perceived sound |
JPH07222299A (en) | 1994-01-31 | 1995-08-18 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Processing and editing device for movement of sound image |
JPH0922299A (en) | 1995-07-07 | 1997-01-21 | Kokusai Electric Co Ltd | Voice encoding communication method |
CN1151704C (en) | 1998-01-23 | 2004-05-26 | 音响株式会社 | Apparatus and method for localizing sound image |
JPH11220800A (en) | 1998-01-30 | 1999-08-10 | Onkyo Corp | Sound image moving method and its device |
EP1410686B1 (en) * | 2001-02-07 | 2008-03-26 | Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation | Audio channel translation |
US7508947B2 (en) * | 2004-08-03 | 2009-03-24 | Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation | Method for combining audio signals using auditory scene analysis |
US7283634B2 (en) | 2004-08-31 | 2007-10-16 | Dts, Inc. | Method of mixing audio channels using correlated outputs |
JP4556646B2 (en) | 2004-12-02 | 2010-10-06 | ソニー株式会社 | Graphic information generating apparatus, image processing apparatus, information processing apparatus, and graphic information generating method |
WO2006126844A2 (en) * | 2005-05-26 | 2006-11-30 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Method and apparatus for decoding an audio signal |
JP4966981B2 (en) | 2006-02-03 | 2012-07-04 | 韓國電子通信研究院 | Rendering control method and apparatus for multi-object or multi-channel audio signal using spatial cues |
US8560303B2 (en) | 2006-02-03 | 2013-10-15 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | Apparatus and method for visualization of multichannel audio signals |
JP5054035B2 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2012-10-24 | エルジー エレクトロニクス インコーポレイティド | Encoding / decoding apparatus and method |
WO2007091870A1 (en) * | 2006-02-09 | 2007-08-16 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Method for encoding and decoding object-based audio signal and apparatus thereof |
FR2898725A1 (en) * | 2006-03-15 | 2007-09-21 | France Telecom | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR GRADUALLY ENCODING A MULTI-CHANNEL AUDIO SIGNAL ACCORDING TO MAIN COMPONENT ANALYSIS |
US9014377B2 (en) * | 2006-05-17 | 2015-04-21 | Creative Technology Ltd | Multichannel surround format conversion and generalized upmix |
US7756281B2 (en) | 2006-05-20 | 2010-07-13 | Personics Holdings Inc. | Method of modifying audio content |
DE602007013415D1 (en) | 2006-10-16 | 2011-05-05 | Dolby Sweden Ab | ADVANCED CODING AND PARAMETER REPRESENTATION OF MULTILAYER DECREASE DECOMMODED |
WO2008046530A2 (en) * | 2006-10-16 | 2008-04-24 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Apparatus and method for multi -channel parameter transformation |
JP5450085B2 (en) * | 2006-12-07 | 2014-03-26 | エルジー エレクトロニクス インコーポレイティド | Audio processing method and apparatus |
EP2595152A3 (en) | 2006-12-27 | 2013-11-13 | Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute | Transkoding apparatus |
US8270616B2 (en) | 2007-02-02 | 2012-09-18 | Logitech Europe S.A. | Virtual surround for headphones and earbuds headphone externalization system |
CA2645915C (en) | 2007-02-14 | 2012-10-23 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding object-based audio signals |
US8290167B2 (en) * | 2007-03-21 | 2012-10-16 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Method and apparatus for conversion between multi-channel audio formats |
US9015051B2 (en) | 2007-03-21 | 2015-04-21 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Reconstruction of audio channels with direction parameters indicating direction of origin |
KR101453732B1 (en) * | 2007-04-16 | 2014-10-24 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Method and apparatus for encoding and decoding stereo signal and multi-channel signal |
ES2452348T3 (en) * | 2007-04-26 | 2014-04-01 | Dolby International Ab | Apparatus and procedure for synthesizing an output signal |
KR20090022464A (en) * | 2007-08-30 | 2009-03-04 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Audio signal processing system |
JP5243556B2 (en) | 2008-01-01 | 2013-07-24 | エルジー エレクトロニクス インコーポレイティド | Audio signal processing method and apparatus |
KR20100095586A (en) | 2008-01-01 | 2010-08-31 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | A method and an apparatus for processing a signal |
AU2008344132B2 (en) | 2008-01-01 | 2012-07-19 | Lg Electronics Inc. | A method and an apparatus for processing an audio signal |
US8315396B2 (en) | 2008-07-17 | 2012-11-20 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Apparatus and method for generating audio output signals using object based metadata |
EP2154911A1 (en) | 2008-08-13 | 2010-02-17 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | An apparatus for determining a spatial output multi-channel audio signal |
EP2175670A1 (en) * | 2008-10-07 | 2010-04-14 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Binaural rendering of a multi-channel audio signal |
KR20100065121A (en) * | 2008-12-05 | 2010-06-15 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Method and apparatus for processing an audio signal |
US8670575B2 (en) | 2008-12-05 | 2014-03-11 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Method and an apparatus for processing an audio signal |
EP2214162A1 (en) | 2009-01-28 | 2010-08-04 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Upmixer, method and computer program for upmixing a downmix audio signal |
GB2476747B (en) | 2009-02-04 | 2011-12-21 | Richard Furse | Sound system |
JP5564803B2 (en) | 2009-03-06 | 2014-08-06 | ソニー株式会社 | Acoustic device and acoustic processing method |
US8666752B2 (en) * | 2009-03-18 | 2014-03-04 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and method for encoding and decoding multi-channel signal |
US20100324915A1 (en) * | 2009-06-23 | 2010-12-23 | Electronic And Telecommunications Research Institute | Encoding and decoding apparatuses for high quality multi-channel audio codec |
US20110087494A1 (en) * | 2009-10-09 | 2011-04-14 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and method of encoding audio signal by switching frequency domain transformation scheme and time domain transformation scheme |
JP5439602B2 (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2014-03-12 | フラウンホーファー−ゲゼルシャフト・ツール・フェルデルング・デル・アンゲヴァンテン・フォルシュング・アインゲトラーゲネル・フェライン | Apparatus and method for calculating speaker drive coefficient of speaker equipment for audio signal related to virtual sound source |
EP2323130A1 (en) | 2009-11-12 | 2011-05-18 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Parametric encoding and decoding |
KR101690252B1 (en) | 2009-12-23 | 2016-12-27 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Signal processing method and apparatus |
EP2532178A1 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2012-12-12 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Spatial sound reproduction |
JP5417227B2 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2014-02-12 | 日本放送協会 | Multi-channel acoustic signal downmix device and program |
JP2011211312A (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2011-10-20 | Panasonic Corp | Sound image localization processing apparatus and sound image localization processing method |
CN102222503B (en) | 2010-04-14 | 2013-08-28 | 华为终端有限公司 | Mixed sound processing method, device and system of audio signal |
CN102270456B (en) * | 2010-06-07 | 2012-11-21 | 华为终端有限公司 | Method and device for audio signal mixing processing |
KR20120004909A (en) | 2010-07-07 | 2012-01-13 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Method and apparatus for 3d sound reproducing |
JP5658506B2 (en) | 2010-08-02 | 2015-01-28 | 日本放送協会 | Acoustic signal conversion apparatus and acoustic signal conversion program |
JP5826996B2 (en) * | 2010-08-30 | 2015-12-02 | 日本放送協会 | Acoustic signal conversion device and program thereof, and three-dimensional acoustic panning device and program thereof |
KR20120038891A (en) | 2010-10-14 | 2012-04-24 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Audio system and down mixing method of audio signals using thereof |
US20120093323A1 (en) | 2010-10-14 | 2012-04-19 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Audio system and method of down mixing audio signals using the same |
US20120155650A1 (en) * | 2010-12-15 | 2012-06-21 | Harman International Industries, Incorporated | Speaker array for virtual surround rendering |
CN103329571B (en) | 2011-01-04 | 2016-08-10 | Dts有限责任公司 | Immersion audio presentation systems |
EP2727383B1 (en) * | 2011-07-01 | 2021-04-28 | Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation | System and method for adaptive audio signal generation, coding and rendering |
KR102332632B1 (en) | 2013-03-28 | 2021-12-02 | 돌비 레버러토리즈 라이쎈싱 코오포레이션 | Rendering of audio objects with apparent size to arbitrary loudspeaker layouts |
-
2013
- 2013-12-04 CA CA2893729A patent/CA2893729C/en active Active
- 2013-12-04 US US14/649,824 patent/US9774973B2/en active Active
- 2013-12-04 JP JP2015546386A patent/JP6169718B2/en active Active
- 2013-12-04 KR KR1020157018083A patent/KR101802335B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2013-12-04 KR KR1020177033842A patent/KR102037418B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2013-12-04 MY MYPI2015701775A patent/MY172402A/en unknown
- 2013-12-04 EP EP13861015.9A patent/EP2930952B1/en active Active
- 2013-12-04 MX MX2015007100A patent/MX347100B/en active IP Right Grant
- 2013-12-04 WO PCT/KR2013/011182 patent/WO2014088328A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-12-04 CN CN201710950921.8A patent/CN107690123B/en active Active
- 2013-12-04 AU AU2013355504A patent/AU2013355504C1/en active Active
- 2013-12-04 CA CA3031476A patent/CA3031476C/en active Active
- 2013-12-04 RU RU2015126777A patent/RU2613731C2/en active
- 2013-12-04 BR BR112015013154-9A patent/BR112015013154B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2013-12-04 MX MX2017004797A patent/MX368349B/en unknown
- 2013-12-04 SG SG11201504368VA patent/SG11201504368VA/en unknown
- 2013-12-04 RU RU2017106885A patent/RU2672178C1/en active
- 2013-12-04 CN CN201380072141.8A patent/CN104969576B/en active Active
- 2013-12-04 SG SG10201709574WA patent/SG10201709574WA/en unknown
-
2015
- 2015-06-04 MX MX2019011755A patent/MX2019011755A/en unknown
-
2016
- 2016-10-07 AU AU2016238969A patent/AU2016238969B2/en active Active
-
2017
- 2017-06-28 JP JP2017126130A patent/JP2017201815A/en active Pending
- 2017-08-24 US US15/685,730 patent/US10149084B2/en active Active
-
2018
- 2018-07-25 US US16/044,587 patent/US10341800B2/en active Active
- 2018-09-24 AU AU2018236694A patent/AU2018236694B2/en active Active
- 2018-10-30 RU RU2018138141A patent/RU2695508C1/en active
-
2019
- 2019-11-18 JP JP2019208303A patent/JP6843945B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
SG10201709574WA (en) | Audio providing apparatus and audio providing method | |
GB201215481D0 (en) | Apparatus and method | |
GB2507800B (en) | Apparatus and method | |
GB201205986D0 (en) | Apparatus and method | |
EP2880774A4 (en) | Method and apparatus | |
GB201217618D0 (en) | Apparatus and method | |
GB2507545B (en) | Apparatus and method | |
GB201212090D0 (en) | Method and apparatus | |
GB201210929D0 (en) | Apparatus and method | |
GB201212045D0 (en) | Apparatus and method | |
GB2504691B (en) | Audio apparatus and method | |
GB201210361D0 (en) | Apparatus and method | |
EP2839527A4 (en) | Apparatus and method | |
GB2507664B (en) | Apparatus and method | |
GB201215752D0 (en) | Apparatus and method | |
GB201211205D0 (en) | Apparatus and method | |
GB201204727D0 (en) | Method and apparatus | |
GB201204726D0 (en) | Method and apparatus | |
EP2813119A4 (en) | Method and apparatus | |
GB201421234D0 (en) | Apparatus and method | |
GB201301087D0 (en) | Apparatus and method | |
GB201220774D0 (en) | Apparatus and method | |
GB201220799D0 (en) | Apparatus and method | |
GB201220665D0 (en) | Apparatus and method | |
GB201220492D0 (en) | Apparatus and method |