SE514510C2 - Hybrid drive device and wheeled vehicles equipped with a hybrid drive device - Google Patents

Abstract

A hybrid drive device has an internal combustion engine (1), an energy converter (3) adapted to co-operate with an output shaft (2) of the internal combustion engine and which comprises an electric machine having a first (4) and a second (5) rotor, which are arranged to co-operate by transmitting power through magnetism with each other and may rotate with different numbers of revolutions, one (4) of which is provided with one or several windings. A power source (7) is adapted to exchange electrical energy with the windings through the alternating voltage in the windings. A unit (6) is adapted to be able to influence the torque of the drive shaft (10) out from the energy converter without changing the number of revolutions of this shaft or changing the number of revolutions of the output shaft (2) of the internal combustion engine.

Description

20 25 30 35 514 510 2 t go via the energy converter, and this then thus does not provide any addition to the energy for driving the drive shaft.

The energy source can be of a wide variety of types, such as an electric battery or ultracapacitors, but it does not have to be an energy buffer, but it can be an auxiliary motor. It is also entirely conceivable that the energy source is formed by the public electricity grid.

A particularly interesting area of use for a hybrid drive device of this kind is for driving wheeled vehicles, and this particular application will therefore be described hereinafter in order to illustrate the invention and the problems to be solved by it, but this should not be at all is interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention.

Hybrid drive devices for vehicles are used to take advantage of the advantage that internal combustion engines have in terms of the ability to carry in the vehicle fuel that is sufficient for a long distance and the advantage of battery operation in terms of absence of emissions (emissions) and environmental friendliness . Thus, when driving on the road, it is usually advantageous to drive the vehicle with the internal combustion engine while charging the energy source (the battery or batteries) and possibly sometimes, such as overtaking, uphill slopes or the like, with an energy supplement from the energy source. energy stored in the battery to be able to drive the vehicle with only electric drive. In this case, the distribution of the load between the internal combustion engine and the battery can be controlled according to given criteria in order to achieve an optimal such distribution with regard to environmental requirements and with regard to the operating time and operating characteristics of the hybrid drive device.

Hybrid drive devices of this kind for wheeled vehicles are known from, for example, DE-A1-41 18 678 and US-A-3 796 278. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is to provide a hybrid drive device of an initially defined type, which enables an improved use of the possibility of combining the internal combustion engine and said energy source via previously converted such hybrid devices, in particular by achieving a great freedom to adapt the different energy flows. applies to size and direction to prevailing operating conditions, such as the possibility of letting the internal combustion engine operate at given optimal speeds and torques.

This object is achieved according to the invention by providing in a hybrid drive device of an initially defined type the energy converter with a unit arranged to be able to influence the torque of a drive shaft emanating from the energy converter without changing this shaft speed or changing the speed of the internal combustion engine output shaft. , and in that the device comprises a control device arranged to coordinate control of energy flows to or from the internal combustion engine, the electric machine and said unit. This makes it possible to achieve a high efficiency of the internal combustion engine, since the presence of said unit in combination with the The electrical energy converter gives an increased freedom to let the internal combustion engine operate at optimal speed and torque, which also has the consequence that the emissions emitted by the internal combustion engine can be kept at a relatively low level. Thus, it becomes possible to influence the torque of the drive shaft without changing the speed of this shaft, which makes it possible to maintain an unchanged speed if desired at the output shaft of the internal combustion engine even though the torque on said drive shaft changes. This can be achieved by appropriately controlling the energy converter (its electrical machine). Although the hybrid drive device according to the invention is in fact a parallel hybrid system, a series hybrid function is obtained in this way in the sense that the speed and the torque of the internal combustion engine are not determined by the speed and the torque of said drive shaft - the case of a wheeled vehicle the wheel axle of that vehicle.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, said unit comprises a second electric machine with at least one rotor connected to said output shaft and a stator, wherein at least one of the stator and the rotor of the second electric machine is provided with windings and an energy source is arranged to exchange electrical energy with the latter windings via alternating voltage in said windings for magnetic force-transmitting interaction of the rotor and stator of the second machine and thus between the stator and the drive shaft emanating from the energy converter.

By arranging such a second electric machine at the energy converter, it becomes possible to supply a torque contribution to said drive shaft via the energy supply to the winding of this machine completely independent of the speed of the output shaft of the internal combustion engine.

Thus, the first machine can be controlled completely independently of the second machine to enable a desired speed of the output shaft of the internal combustion engine at a given speed of the drive shaft, which may be conditioned by the speed of a wheel shaft coupled to the drive shaft, and the The possible speed of the output shaft of the internal combustion engine can be varied by controlling the first electric machine, and at the same time the torque on the drive shaft can be varied completely independently thereof via controlling the energy supply to said second electric machine. Thus, the speed of the internal combustion engine can be operated by means of the electric frequency fed on the rotor windings of the first electric machine. Consequently, in this device, the power of the drive shaft will consist of power supplied via the internal combustion engine, power supplied via the rotor windings of the first electric machine and power supplied via the winding of the second electric machine, which enables many possibilities to combine these three components. to achieve optimal operation of the device. In this case, the effects in the said windings can in certain operating cases be negative, ie energy is supplied from these to the said energy source. Another advantage is that this device is 10 15 20 25 30 35 514 510 M5. .. shows threefold redundancy through the possibility of electric drive via the stator, electric drive via the rotor windings and internal combustion engine drive, for example by reading the two rotors of the first electric machine together.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the device comprises a device for rotationally rigidly interlocking relatively movable parts of the device or such parts with a stationary body, and it also comprises a control device arranged to control the locking device to take said parts interlocking or disengaging position depending on the operating conditions of the device. As a result, if necessary, one or both of the electric machines or the internal combustion engine can be disconnected and the drive device can still function and / or any negative consequences of disconnecting one of the electric machines or the internal combustion engine can be avoided.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention which constitutes a further development of said embodiment, the locking device comprises means arranged to enable locking of the shaft emanating from the internal combustion engine with said drive shaft, this preferably taking place by the locking means being arranged to rotationally first lock said and other rotors of the energy converter. This makes it possible to drive the drive shaft only through the internal combustion engine if desired, but it is also possible that only the first electric machine is disconnected, but if necessary power is supplied to the drive shaft via the stator winding.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the control device is arranged to make the position of said locking means dependent on whether energy exchange exists between said rotor windings and the energy source interacting therewith and automatically break the interlock when establishing an electric current between the energy source and the rotor windings and activate the interlock. when such current disappears. In this way a passive reliability is achieved by the internal combustion engine being directly connected to the drive shaft if the possibility of 15 15 20 25 30 35 514 510 M6 for energy supply via the energy source to the rotor windings is absent, which in the case of an energy source in the form of a battery and a converter arranged between the battery and the rotor winding may occur in the event of a failure of the drive function.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the locking device comprises means arranged to enable a rotationally rigid locking of the output shaft of the internal combustion engine relative to a stationary body, and the control device is arranged to control the latter locking means to effect such locking as long as the internal combustion engine is shut off. When the internal combustion engine is switched off, its output shaft can in this way be locked to clear, for example, a pure electric drive case via the rotor windings in which the compression of the internal combustion engine could not withstand the reaction moment from the load on the drive shaft.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the first and second rotors are arranged substantially concentrically with the first received in a space enclosed by the second for generating substantially radial magnetic fluxes therebetween, the shaft of the second rotor is hollow and arranged to receive the first the shaft of the rotor arranged to project through and out past the shaft of the second rotor, slip rings for transmitting electricity between said energy source and the windings of the first rotor are arranged on the opposite space sliding part of the shaft of the first rotor out of the shaft of the second rotor, and the shaft of the first rotor is hollow for housing wires for electrically connecting the slip rings to the windings of the first rotor. As a result, despite the design of the electric machine, a so-called radial machine with the wound rotor provided is surrounded by the second rotor with the advantages from a power transmission point of view such a machine has a very easy connection of the first rotor windings to electricity. 10 15 20 25 30 35 .514 _.5_1Û_.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the second rotor of the first electric machine forms the rotor of the second electric machine, and the stator is arranged radially outside the second rotor for actuation thereof via substantially radial magnetic fluxes. Such a so-called double radial machine has a number of advantages, of which the following can be mentioned: it has a compact design and fits within a conventional gearbox of a wheeled vehicle due to its short axial length. Bearings in the energy converter can be avoided if bearings in the internal combustion engine and an existing gearbox are used. Slip rings fit in the hub of the rotating winding if desired. The axial forces in the energy converter become low.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the second rotor of the first electric machine forms the rotor of the second electric machine, and the stator is arranged to co-operate with substantially axially directed surfaces of the second rotor in the direction of the axis of rotation of the second rotor via a substantially axial magnetic flux. between the stator and this rotor. In this way, a so-called radial axial machine is achieved with, among other things, the following advantages. Since it is possible in a hybrid drive device of this kind to use the first, winding rotor provided with the shaft starting from the internal combustion engine as a flywheel, a better flywheel action is achieved in this design due to the possibility of a larger diameter of the first rotor. Another advantage is that the two magnetic circuits are separated. The combination of radial and axial machine is interesting, in that requirements for groundless running lead to requirements for minimal diameter, while there is space in the axial direction.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, which constitutes a further development of the latter embodiment, the stator and the second rotor are arranged to cooperate magnetic force transmission via substantially axial air gaps between surfaces thereof, and the number of such axial air gaps is 2n, where n is a integer from 1.

This achieves a balancing of the axial forces which each air gap creates and which want to contract the rotor and the stator, so that strong axial bearings, which would otherwise be required to absorb these axial forces, can be omitted.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the second rotor has several axially spaced rotor disks and the stator has several axially spaced stator parts, and the stator parts and the rotor disks are arranged alternately in the axial direction for magnetic power transmission therebetween. In this way it becomes possible to achieve very large forces and thus torques on the second rotor and thus the drive shaft via an addition of the forces from each pair of surfaces of the stator part and rotor disk at the respective axial air gaps.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the stator is arranged to act on substantially axially directed surfaces of the second rotor from an axially opposite direction to the action of the first rotor on the second rotor via substantially axially directed magnetic fluxes. In this way, a so-called double-axle machine is achieved, which, among other things, has the advantage of having a smaller air gap, which leads to a higher possible torque for a given volume.

In addition, the diameter of the flywheel housing can be utilized to the maximum when the wound rotor provided is used as a flywheel, which provides better flywheel function.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the second electrical machine is a reluctance machine with poles magnetically embossed on its rotor for increasing the reactance between the stator and the rotor at the poles relative to between these poles. This achieves the advantage compared to a permanent magnet machine, ie arranging permanent magnets on the rotor for cooperating with the stator windings instead, that the iron losses are eliminated when the other machine is deactivated, ie when you only want to drive the drive shaft via the internal combustion engine. or chooses to run electric mode with only the first machine activated. Such a machine also has a high efficiency, and its rotor has a simple design. Another advantage of a reluctance machine over a permanent magnet machine is that in the case of a reluctance machine it does not have 514 510, M9 M,. some rotor position sensors are needed, as the rotor will constantly adapt to the stator.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, which constitutes a further development of the latter embodiment, the device comprises means for increasing the ratio between the reactance of a magnetic flux via the stator, to a magnetically embossed pole of the rotor and back to the stator via an adjacent magnetic embossed pole of the rotor in relation to the reactance of a magnetic flux via the stator, to a portion between magnetically embossed poles of the rotor and then back to the stator, whereby the torque which can be applied to the rotor via the stator windings and thus the drive shaft is increased.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, said means are formed by pieces of a material inserted substantially in the middle of the portions between two adjacent magnetically embedded poles in the rotor arranged to act as a magnetic flux barrier to reduce the reactance of magnetic flux passing between the stator and the rotor via said portions. This effectively increases the torque that can be transmitted on the rotor of the other machine.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the second rotor has permanent magnets on opposite sides thereof to the magnetically embossed poles for cooperating with the windings of the first rotor, and the magnetic embossing on one side of the rotor and the arrangement of permanent magnets on its opposite side are so adapted to that magnetic fluxes through the rotor originating on the one hand from the permanent magnets and on the other hand from the reluctance machine run in substantially opposite directions and substantially take each other out. In this way, the thickness of the second rotor can be minimized and thus costs saved, since in terms of saturation in the iron only one machine needs to be taken into account.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the first rotor is arranged on a shaft included on the internal combustion engine side of the energy converter, and it comprises means arranged to establish an electrical connection between the windings of the first rotor and the energy source in parallel with a connection of these via brushes abutting against the slip rings at a stationary output shaft of the internal combustion engine. This ensures that the brushes are not destroyed when the internal combustion engine is stationary, as otherwise circulating currents and brush voltage drops could burn the brushes and / or tugs when the brushes and slip rings are stationary against each other and the device is running in electric mode.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, said energy source is a direct current source, such as an electric battery, and this is connected to said windings via a converter.

In this way, energy exchange can easily take place in the desired manner between the windings and the energy source, and the frequency of an alternating voltage supplied to the windings is varied as desired.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, said unit is a gear with variable gear connected to one of the rotors of the energy converter, and this gear and a device for controlling the energy exchange between the energy source and the rotor provided with windings are arranged to cooperate. an increase in the torque of the drive shaft by a downshift of said gear, which would actually lead to a lower speed of the drive shaft without any change in the speed of the output shaft of the internal combustion engine, but to compensate for this the first electric machine is controlled to increase the speed, so that the speed of the drive shaft is maintained without changing the speed of the output shaft of the internal combustion engine.

The invention also relates to different embodiments of the device with different properties of the control device defined in the appended dependent claims with advantages which are particularly accentuated when using the hybrid drive device in a wheeled vehicle, and these "operating modes" will be described in the detailed description of preferred embodiments. of the invention. The invention also relates to a vehicle such as a wheeled vehicle, rail-bound vehicles and a ship, equipped with a hybrid drive device according to any one of the appended claims directed to such a device. The advantages of utilizing such a device, especially in wheeled vehicles, appear from the above reasoning and the following description.

Additional advantages and advantageous features of the invention appear from the other dependent claims and the following description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Hereinafter, by way of example only, preferred embodiments of the invention will be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a simplified view of a hybrid drive device according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention; a slightly more detailed view of the device according to Fig. 1, Fig. 3 is a Fig. 2 corresponding view of the device according to Fig. 1 in relatively Fig. 2 slightly modified form, Fig. 4 is a very schematic view illustrating a section through the energy converter of the device according to Figs. Fig. 5 is a power flow diagram for different operating modes of a hybrid drive device of the invention, Fig. 6 is a radial section through the energy converter of a hybrid drive device according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention with the second machine of the energy converter in the form of a synchronous reluctance machine, 10 15 20 25 30 35 fig 7 fig 8 fig 9 fig 10 fig 11 fig 12 fig 13 fig 14 514 510 12 ä is a detail view of a part of the rotor of the synchronous reluctance machine according to Fig. 6 in a special embodiment, a Fig. 7 corresponding view with a different design of the rotor, a Fig. 7 corresponding view illustrating the magnetic flux path in the rotor which is common to the two electrical machines of the energy converter according to Fig. 6, a Fig. 2 corresponding view of the energy converter of a hybrid drive device according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention, a Fig. 10 corresponding view of the energy converter of a hybrid drive device according to a third preferred embodiment of invention, is a Fig. 2 corresponding view of the hybrid drive device according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the invention, a Fig. 2 is a corresponding view of a hybrid drive device according to a fifth preferred embodiment of the invention, and is a Fig. 1 corresponding view of a hybrid drive device according to a sixth preferred embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION Fig. 1 schematically illustrates the principle of the hybrid drive device according to the invention and how a preferred embodiment thereof can be constructed. The device comprises an internal combustion engine 1 with an output shaft 2, which forms an input shaft of an energy converter 3 which in turn comprises two electric machines, namely a first electric machine formed by an output shaft with said output shaft. 2 connected first rotor 4 and a second rotor 5 surrounding it and a second electric machine formed by the second rotor 5 and a stator 6 surrounding it. To achieve this, the first rotor 4 and the stator are provided with windings, and the device comprises an energy source in the form of an electric battery 7, which is connected to said windings via respective inverters 8, 9 for converting the direct voltage from the battery to an alternating voltage at the windings or when supplying energy in the opposite direction a conversion of alternating voltage to direct voltage. Energy can also be fed between the inverters. Furthermore, the second rotor 5 can have internally arranged permanent magnets for co-operation with rotor windings arranged opposite them and on the outer side also permanent magnets for co-operation with the stator windings. In this case, the inverters can, for example, be arranged to generate a three-phase voltage on the said windings, but other fasting is also possible.

The second rotor 5 is connected to a drive shaft 10 starting from the energy converter, which in a design according to Fig. 2 can obtain a speed downshift in a reduction gear 11 and thereby transmit its rotational torque to the wheel axle 12 of a schematically indicated wheeled vehicle 13, such as a car, truck etc. However, a gear 11 can instead, as shown in Fig. 1, be arranged between the output shaft of the internal combustion engine and the first rotor, this gear then normally having the task of shifting up the speed of the internal combustion engine in order to reduce the difference speed between the rotors. rerna. In the normal case, the gear 11 will be "after" the rotors, as shown in Fig. 2, but the gear has been drawn in Fig. 1 "before" the rotors to illustrate that this possibility also exists.

The device further comprises a schematically indicated control device 14 arranged to coordinate control of energy flows to or from the internal combustion engine and the two electric machines. 10 15 20 25 30 35 514 510 14 The function of this hybrid drive device and its advantages will be described later. Fig. 2 illustrates in a little more detail what a hybrid drive device operating according to the principle shown in Fig. 1 can look like according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention, and here the windings 15 and 16 of the first rotor and stator and the inner and outer permanent magnets 17 are shown. respectively 18 arranged on the second rotor. Here it is shown how slip rings 19 are arranged on the shaft of the first rotor within the space delimited by the first rotor to electrically connect the battery to the windings of the first rotor. This is done in a conventional manner via brushes 40 abutting against the slip rings, which can be lifted away from contact with the slip rings via means 39 (see Fig. 3). In this case, schematically indicated means 41 are arranged to establish a metallic contact between the windings of the first rotor and the energy source during such lifting. In order to make the energy converter compact, it may be an advantage to arrange the slip rings in said space, but in order to access them better, it may also be advantageous to instead arrange them in the manner shown in Fig. 3.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 3, the shaft of the second rotor, i.e. the drive shaft 10, is made hollow and arranged to receive the shaft of the first rotor, i.e. the output shaft 2 of the internal combustion engine, arranged to slide through and out past the shaft of the second rotor.

The slip rings 19 are here arranged on the part of the shaft of the first rotor sliding out of the axis of the second rotor for easy access, while the shaft of the first rotor is also made hollow for housing wires 20 for electrically connecting the slip rings to the windings 15 of the first rotor.

Now, with the aid of Fig. 4, the connection between power flows and transmitted moments in dependence on the speeds of the internal combustion engine, i.e. the first rotor, and the drive shaft, i.e. the second rotor, of the hybrid drive device according to the invention will be explained. For the power P4 transmitted to the drive shaft, it applies that it is P1 + P2 + P3, whereby P1, P2 and P3 are supplied via the internal combustion engine, the windings of the first rotor and the windings of the stator, respectively. This applies to these: P1: kT1 X n1 P2 = KT1XÜ12 - 'H1) P3 = KT3 X H2 There is k 211/60, while T1 is the torque transmitted via the output shaft of the internal combustion engine and T3 is it on the other rotor via torque transmitted torque. n1 and n2 are the speeds of the first rotor and the second rotor, respectively.

Consequently, for the torque T4 on the drive shaft, this becomes T1 + T3. Fig. 5 shows the power flow in dependence on different speed ratios between the output shaft n1 of the internal combustion engine and the drive shaft ng at different ratios between the powers P1 and P4.

The straight arrows 21 show the power flow from the internal combustion engine to the drive shaft, while the "U-arrows" 22 show the power flow between the battery and the first machine and the arrows 23 show the power flow between the stator winding and the battery. In the case of n2 = n1 and P4> P1, electrical energy is supplied to the drive shaft via the stator windings according to arrow 23 ', while at the same speed ratio and P4 <P1 energy is supplied in the opposite direction to the battery, as indicated by Fig. 6 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the energy converter of a hybrid drive device according to the invention, in which the second electric machine is constituted by a synchronous reluctance machine in that the second rotor 5 connected to the drive shaft has magnetically embossed poles 24 on its outer side for increasing of the reactance between the stator 6 and the rotor at the poles in relation to between these poles by a shorter lu ftgap there, so that a current in the stator windings will result in a magnetic flux resulting therefrom seeking to close via the rotor iron in the simplest possible way, i.e. where the air gap between the rotor and the stator is smallest, and if a pole is inclined in relation to the magnetic flux, a torque is generated on the rotor, which seeks to turn the pole in the direction relative to the magnetic flux. This is conventional technology for synchronous reluctance machines. The main advantage of using a synchronous reluctance machine instead of a permanent magnet machine like other electric machines is that the iron losses are eliminated when the other electric machine is deactivated. In the case of a permanent magnet machine, however, the stator winding 16 could be designed as an air gap-located winding, such as an annular winding instead of a drum winding. By avoiding the “teeth” 38, flow pulsations and thus heat generation are avoided. Fig. 7 shows how pieces 25 of a material, which may be air, are arranged to act as a barrier to magnetic flux in order to reduce the reactance of magnetic flux passing between the stator and the rotor via portions of the rotor between two adjacent magnetic fluxes. laid poles are inserted in the rotor. Hereby the reactance of a magnetic flux via the stator, to a magnetically embossed pole of the rotor and back to the stator via an adjacent magnetically embossed pole of the rotor relative to the reactance of a magnetic flux via the stator, to a portion between magnetically embossed poles of the rotor and then back to the stator, is increased and thus the possibilities for torque addition via the other electrical machine are improved. It is further illustrated here that the space between adjacent poles is filled with material 26 with low permeability to obtain an outer smooth surface of the rotor, and this shows that magnetically embossed poles do not have to mean physically embossed poles.

Furthermore, Fig. 8 shows another possibility of obtaining a high ratio between said reactances for the possibility of good torque transmission, which means that the rotor comprises several material layers 27 superimposed in the direction of the stator, i.e. the rotor is axially laminated. Solid or laminated poles are inserted here to introduce the flow to the inner layers. It is also possible to design the rotor of an anisotropic material, for example a powder, which has a high permeability in the polar direction and in the tangential direction of the rotor and a low permeability perpendicular to these directions, in order to achieve a highly mentioned ratio. Thus, the permeability is then high in those with the arrows 28 and low in the directions indicated by the arrows 29 in Fig. 9.

Fig. 9 further shows how the arrangement of the permanent magnets 17 on the inner side of the second rotor is coordinated with the design of the magnetic embossing on the outside of the rotor, more precisely in that the permanent magnets are arranged substantially opposite the magnetically embossed poles, so that magnetic fluxes through the rotor originating on the one hand from the permanent magnets and on the other hand from the reluctance machine running in substantially opposite directions and substantially taking each other out, so that the thickness of the rotor can be made smaller, as one only has to take into account one machine in the saturation of the iron . Here, consequently, the magnetic circuit can be said to be interconnected with both the stator and the two rotors. Fig. 10 shows an embodiment of the energy converter according to the invention in the form of a so-called double-axis machine, i.e. the stator 6 is arranged to act via its windings 16 on substantially axially directed surfaces, i.e. permanent magnets 18 of the second rotor 5 from an axially opposite direction to the action of the first rotor 4 on the second rotor via substantially axially directed magnetic fluxes originating from the rotor windings 15. The advantages of such a machine have been discussed higher up. Fig. 11 shows a further variant of the energy converter in the form of a so-called radial axial machine, which differs from the energy converter shown in Fig. 2 in that the stator 6 is arranged in the direction of the axis of rotation of the rotors substantially after the second rotor 5. to co-operate with in the direction of the axis of rotation of the second rotor substantially axially directed surfaces of the second rotor, wherein at these surfaces are provided with permanent magnets 18, via a substantially axial magnetic flux between the stator and this rotor. The advantages of such a design have also been discussed above.

Fig. 12 illustrates a hybrid drive device according to an embodiment which, like the embodiment according to Fig. 11, has an energy converter comprising a so-called radial-axial machine, but in which the second rotor has two rotor disks 42, 43, which are arranged at an axial distance . Arranged between these rotor disks is the stator 6, and this is formed by an annular core 44 in the form of plate strips wound like a tape roll and wound 45 formed around it, for example a three-phase winding. This machine can be said to be of the toroid type.

The stator has an axial air gap 46, 47 against the respective rotor disk for magnetic force transmission there via substantially axially directed flows. By arranging two such air gaps, a balancing of axial forces takes place on the rotor and expensive axial bearings are therefore not required. The combination of radial and axial machine is interesting, in that requirements for groundless running lead to requirements for minimal diameter, while there is space in the axial direction. In this case, it is advantageous to maximize the diameter of the first electric machine in order to obtain as high a torque as possible.

The embodiment of the hybrid drive device shown in Fig. 13 differs substantially from that of Fig. 12 in that a planetary gear 11 is used here instead of shifting down the speed of the shaft 10 of the other rotor to the wheel shaft. A planetary gear can be used in installations with a longitudinal engine (for example smaller trucks), while cars normally have a transverse engine, and then there is a need to "move sideways" to the wheels output drive shafts, so that the gear alternative according to Fig. 12 is preferable . Fig. 14 illustrates a modified modification of the hybrid drive device in relation to the embodiments discussed above, which does not have a second electric machine, but instead is provided with a gear 30 with variable gear ratio, for example a gear with 10 15 20 25 30 35 514 510 19 continuously variable transmission, a so-called CVT (continuous variable transmission), which is connected to the shaft of the second rotor of the electrical machine. A device 31 for controlling the energy exchange between the battery 7 and the rotor windings of the first rotor is arranged to cooperate with the gear 30, so that it becomes possible to change the torque on the drive shaft 10 without changing the speed or torque on the output shaft of the internal combustion engine in this way. as described above.

By arranging the gearbox 30 and the second electric machine of the hybrid drive device according to the invention, it becomes possible in given situations to let the internal combustion engine operate at an optimum speed and torque for efficiency and exhaust emissions, independent of the torque required by the drive shaft 10. The optimum speed and torque are determined by the characteristics of the internal combustion engine, which can be obtained in engine tests at different loads on the engine.

The hybrid drive device also comprises a locking device 32 schematically indicated in Fig. 3 for rigidly rigidly interlocking of relatively movable parts of the device or such parts with a stationary body, and this locking device comprises schematically indicated means 33 arranged to enable locking of the shaft emanating from the internal combustion engine with drive shaft. In this way, for example, a wheeled vehicle can be driven through only the internal combustion engine.

Thereby, a control device 34 is arranged to make the position of the locking member 33 dependent on whether there is an energy exchange between the windings of the first rotor and the energy source interacting therewith and automatically break the interlock when establishing an electric current between the energy source and the rotor windings and activate the interlock when power disappears. This can be achieved by means 35 being arranged to sense current in the windings of the rotor and control the locking means in dependence on this sensing. Furthermore, the locking device comprises schematically indicated means 36 arranged to enable a rotationally rigid locking of the output shaft of the internal combustion engine relative to the stationary body 37, such as a vehicle chassis, and the control device 34 is arranged to control the locking means 36 to provide such locking as long as the internal combustion engine is switched off. This avoids that when the internal combustion engine is switched off, ie when driving during electric operation, the reaction moment from driving pushes the internal combustion engine back on. It would be quite possible to coordinate the function of the two members 33 and 36 by a single member which can assume three positions, namely a first which involves a total disengagement of moving parts, a second which involves a locking of the output shaft of the internal combustion engine relatively body but, and a third which involves a torsionally rigid connection of the two rotors to each other.

It will be appreciated that a variety of different operating modes of operation of the hybrid drive device according to the invention are advantageous in different load situations, some of which may be mentioned here.

When driving with so-called "cruise control", ie at a constant speed when driving on the road, the control device can ensure that said locking means connects the output shaft of the internal combustion engine with the drive shaft and the wheel axle on a flat surface is essentially driven only by the internal combustion engine, and electrical energy is supplied to the stator at sudden uphills to provide a torque addition to the drive shaft and enable a constant speed there without changing the speed or torque of the internal combustion engine.

The control device can also be arranged to control the supply of electrical energy to the rotor windings of the first machine for starting the internal combustion engine in order to drive around the rotor connected to the shaft starting from the internal combustion engine. It can also be arranged to, when disconnecting the drive shaft from external load (idle) and running internal combustion engine, control by rotation of the internal combustion shaft of the internal combustion engine generated relative movement between the first and second rotors in the rotor windings generated by the first machine. for uploading it. 10 15 20 25 30 35 514 510 21 The control device is also arranged to control part of the energy supplied to the energy converter via the output shaft of the internal combustion engine as electrical energy from the rotor windings and stator windings to the battery for charging it at a low external load on the drive shaft. At a high external load on the drive shaft, the control device controls electrical energy from the battery to both rotor windings and stator windings for energy supply to the drive shaft.

The control device is also arranged, when braking the drive shaft, to control a means 48 schematically indicated in Fig. 1 to switch off the fuel supply to the internal combustion engine and the electric machine (s) to supply kinetic energy of the drive shaft to the energy source. In order to maintain the speed, power can be fed into the internal combustion engine via the shaft, ie the same power direction as when starting the internal combustion engine. In this case, you can choose to just maintain the speed or to enter extra power and then obtain a mechanical engine braking just like on a normal car.

The primary advantage of this is that fuel is saved during all decelerations. At the same time, a maximum space is created for storing braking energy in the energy source, such as the battery, since the internal combustion engine does not “steal any space” by supplying power. Another advantage is that it is possible to obtain an amplified generative power capacity without using extra electrical resistors to dump energy in, as the engine's cooling system is used as a power dump, and there is normally a good overcapacity in this. It is also easier to obtain unambiguous behavior during regenerative braking, as the braking ability is not linked to the battery's degree of charge, which is normally a problem.

The control device is also arranged to be able to effect regenerative braking thereof via energy supply from said windings to the battery when the internal combustion engine is running and load on said drive shaft. By supplying electrical energy to the windings of the rotor in such a way that the second rotor at a given direction of rotation of the output shaft of the internal combustion engine is affected by it to rotate in a different direction than normal, the control device can achieve a reversal of 514 510 22 " the direction of rotation of the drive shaft, so that in this way reversing of a wheeled vehicle can take place without any reverse gear actually being engaged.

The invention is of course not in any way limited to the preferred embodiments described above, but a number of possibilities for modifications thereof should be obvious to a person skilled in the art, without this departing from the basic idea of the invention, as defined in the appended claims.

For example, it would be possible to use an asynchronous motor as said second electric machine. The energy sources for the two electrical machines could be completely different from those discussed above, and it would also be possible to have a separate energy source for each electrical machine. In this case, the energy source can be an energy storage means in the form of a flywheel. It is also not necessary to have a converter, but it would be quite possible to connect AC systems with different frequencies. It is thus very possible to use an alternating voltage source as an energy buffer or energy source, whereby this could even be a "wall socket" connected to the public electrical network or some industrial network.

For example, it would be possible to provide the other rotor with windings and have no windings on the stator, and instead provide this with permanent magnets, a magnetic winding or design it as a reluctance machine, but in such a case slip rings will be necessary. for both rotors.

It is pointed out that regeneration can take place both in pure electric operation and in hybrid operation.

The reluctance machine does not have to be a synchronous reluctance machine, but it could very well be a so-called switched reluctance machine, which is fed with a square wave-like current and has pronounced poles also in the stator, the number of poles in the stator and rotor normally differ . 514 510 23 It is pointed out that there may very well be a direct voltage instead of an alternating voltage in one rotor winding, but in such a case there must be an alternating voltage in the winding of the other rotor, and the definition in claim 1 ”to exchange electrical energy with said windings via alternating voltage in said windings ”is also intended to include that case.

Claims (51)

10 15 20 25 30 35 514510 å !! Patent claims A hybrid drive device comprising an internal combustion engine (1), an energy converter (3) arranged to cooperate with an output shaft (2) of the internal combustion engine and which comprises at least one electric machine with a first (4) and a second (5) rotor, which are arranged to co-operate with magnetic force transmitting with each other and can rotate at different speeds, at least one of which is provided with one or more windings (15), and an energy source (7) arranged to exchange electrical energy with said windings via alternating voltage in said windings for magnetic force-transmitting interaction between the rotors, wherein the energy converter comprises a unit (5, 6, 30) arranged to be able to influence the torque of a drive shaft (10) emanating from the energy converter without changing the speed of this shaft or changing the speed of the output shaft of the internal combustion engine, and wherein the device comprises a control device (14) arranged to coordinate control of energy flows to or from the combustion motor, the electric machine and said unit, characterized in that the first (4) and second (5) rotors are arranged with their axes of rotation substantially coincident and with surfaces for magnetic force-transmitting co-operation directed substantially in the direction of said axes of rotation for substantially axial magnetic fluxes between the two rotors. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the rotors has several rotor disks (42, 43) with surfaces for magnetic force-transmitting interaction with surfaces of the second rotor directed substantially in the direction of said axes of rotation, so that several pairs of surfaces cooperate force-transmitting with an axial air gap (46, 47) between them. A device according to claim 2, wherein the number of said axial air gaps is 2n, wherein n is an integer z 1. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that said unit comprises a second electrical machine with at least one rotor (5) connected to said drive shaft (10) and a stator (6) connected to said drive shaft (10). at least one of the stator and rotor of the second electrical machine is provided with windings and that an energy source (7) is arranged to exchange electrical energy with the latter windings (16) via alternating voltage in said windings for magnetic force-transmitting interaction of the rotor and stator of the other machine and thus between the stator and said drive shaft emanating from the energy converter. Device according to claim 4 and possibly one or more of claims 2 and 3, characterized in that one of the rotors of the first electric machine also forms a rotor (5) for the second electric machine. Device according to any one of claims 1-5, in that the first (4) and second (5) rotors are arranged substantially concentrically with the first received in a space enclosed by the second for generating substantially radial magnetic fluxes therebetween. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the first rotor (4) is provided with inlets (15), that slip rings (19) are arranged on a shaft (2) of the first rotor within a space delimited by the first the rotor for electrically connecting said energy source (7) to the windings of the first rotor. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the first rotor (4) is provided with windings, that the shaft (10) of the second rotor (5) is hollow and arranged to receive the shaft (2) of the first rotor arranged to project through and out past the axis of the second rotor, that slip rings (19) for transmitting electricity between said energy source (7) and the windings of the first rotor are arranged on the opposite space sliding part of the first rotor sliding out of the axis of the second rotor shaft, and that the shaft of the first rotor is hollow for housing wires (20) for electrically connecting the slip rings to the windings of the first rotor. 10 15 20 25 30 35 514510 36 » Device according to claim 5 and any one of claims 6-8, characterized in that the second rotor (5) of the first electric machine forms the rotor of the second electric machine, and that the stator (6) is arranged radially outside of the second rotor for actuation thereof via substantially radial magnetic fluxes. Device according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that it comprises a device (32) for rotationally rigidly interlocking relatively movable parts of the device or such parts with a stationary body (37), and that it also comprises a control device (34) arranged to control the locking device to assume a said parts interlocking or releasing position 1 depending on the operating conditions of the device. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that the locking device comprises means (33) arranged to enable locking of the shaft (2) emanating from the internal combustion engine with said drive shaft (10). Device according to claim 11, characterized in that said locking means (33) are arranged to be able to rotationally lock together said first (4) and second (5) rotors of the energy converter so as to lock together the shaft emanating from the internal combustion engine with drive shaft. Device according to claim 12, characterized in that the control device (34) is arranged to make the position of said locking means dependent on whether there is an energy exchange between said rotor windings and the energy source interacting therewith and automatically break the locking when establishing of an electric current between the energy source and the rotor windings and activate the interlock when such current disappears. Device according to claim 13, characterized in that the control device comprises means (35) arranged to sense current in the windings of the rotor and control the locking means in dependence on this sensing. 10 15 20 25 30 35 514. 510 å? Device according to claim 4 and any one or more of claims 10-14, wherein the control device is arranged to control the locking device (34) to effect said interlocking in the event of an operation of the device in which there is a desire to drive the drive shaft via only the internal combustion engine with the assistance of the other electric machine when additional torque is required on the drive shaft. Device according to one of Claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the locking device comprises means (36) arranged to enable a rotationally rigid locking of the output shaft (2) of the internal combustion engine relative to a stationary body (37), and that the control device is arranged to control the latter locking means to effect such locking as long as the internal combustion engine is switched off. A hybrid drive device comprising an internal combustion engine (1), an energy converter (3) arranged to cooperate with an output shaft (2) of the internal combustion engine and which comprises at least one electric machine with a first (4) and a second (5) rotor, which are arranged to cooperate magnetically transmitting force with each other and can rotate at different speeds, at least one of which is provided with one or more windings (15), and an energy source (7) arranged to exchange electrical energy with said windings via alternating voltage in said windings for magnetic force-transmitting interaction between the rotors, the energy converter comprising a unit (5, 6, 30) arranged to be able to influence the torque of a drive shaft (10) emanating from the energy converter without changing this shaft speed or changing the speed of the internal combustion engine shaft, the device comprises a control device (14) arranged to coordinate control of energy flows to or from the internal combustion engine, the electrical machine and said unit, said unit comprising a second electrical machine with at least one rotor (5) connected to said drive shaft (10) and a stator (6), and wherein at least one of the stator and the rotor of the drive shaft (10) 25 30 35 514 510 2? second electrical machine is provided with windings and that an energy source (7) is arranged to exchange electrical energy with the latter windings (16) via alternating voltage in said windings for magnetic force-transmitting interaction of the rotor and stator of the second machine and thus between the stator and said drive shaft emanating from the energy converter, characterized in that the stator (6) is provided with said windings (16) arranged for exchanging electrical energy with the energy source (7), that the first (4) and second (5) rotors are arranged substantially concentrically with the first received in a space enclosed by the second for generating substantially radial magnetic fluxes therebetween and that the second rotor (5) of the first electric machine forms the rotor of the second electric machine, and that the stator (6) is arranged to cooperate with substantially axially directed surfaces of the second rotor in the direction of the axis of rotation of the second rotor via a substantially axial magnetic flux m between the stator and this rotor. Device according to claim 17, characterized in that the stator (6) and the second rotor (5) are arranged to cooperate magnetic force transmission via substantially axial air gaps (46, 47) between surfaces thereof, and that the number of such axial air gaps is 2n, where n is an integer z 1. Device according to claim 18, characterized in that the second rotor (5) has several axially spaced rotor disks (42, 43) and the stator several axially spaced stator parts, and that the stator parts and the rotor disks are arranged alternately in the axial direction for magnetic force transmission therebetween. Device according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the stator (6) comprises an annular core (44) with the center axis substantially coinciding with the axis of rotation of the second rotor (5), and that a winding (45) is provided around the core and arranged to cooperate magnetically power-transmitting with rotor disks of the other rotor arranged axially on either side thereof. 10 15 20 25 30 35 514-510 i? Device according to any one of the preceding claims, in that the second rotor (5) is provided with permanent magnets for said magnetic force-transmitting cooperation. Device according to claim 4, wherein the stator (6) is arranged to act on substantially axially directed surfaces of the second rotor (5) from an axially opposite direction to the action of the first rotor (4) on the second rotor via substantially axially directed magnetic fluxes. Device according to claim 4, in that the second electrical machine is a reluctance machine with poles (24) magnetically embossed on its rotor (5) for increasing the reactance between the stator (6) and the rotor at the poles relative to between these poles. Device according to claim 23, characterized in that it comprises means (25, 27) for increasing the ratio of the reactance of a magnetic flux via the stator (6) to a magnetically embossed pole (24) of the rotor (5). and back to the stator via an adjacent magnetically embossed pole of the rotor relative to the reactance of a magnetic flux via the stator, to a portion between magnetically embossed poles of the rotor and then back to the stator. Device according to claim 24, characterized in that said means are formed by substantially the middle of the portions between two adjacent magnetically embossed poles (24) in the rotor inserts pieces (25) of a material arranged to act as a barrier for the stomach. net flow to reduce the reactance of magnetic flux passing between the stator and the rotor via said portions. Device according to claim 25, characterized in that said barrier material is air. Device according to claim 24, in that said means are provided in that the rotor (5) comprises several material layers (27) superimposed on each other in the direction of the stator. 10 15 20 25 30 35 514 5-10 30 Device according to claim 5 and any one of claims 23-27, characterized in that the second rotor (5) has permanent magnets (17) on the opposite side thereof to the magnetically embossed poles (24) for co-operation with The windings of the first rotor. Device according to claims 6 and 28, characterized in that the permanent magnets (17) are arranged on the radially inner side of the second rotor (5). Device according to claim 28 or 29, characterized in that the magnetic embossing on one side of the rotor and the arrangement of permanent magnets (17) on its opposite side are so adapted to each other that magnetic fluxes through the rotor originating on the one hand from the permanent magnets and on the other hand the other side from the reluctance machine runs in substantially opposite directions and to a significant extent intercepts each other. Device according to Claim 30, characterized in that the permanent magnets (17) are arranged substantially in the middle of the magnetically embossed poles (24). Device according to one of Claims 23 to 31, characterized in that the second electrical machine is a synchronous reluctance machine. Device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the first rotor (4) is arranged on a shaft (2) included on the internal combustion engine side of the energy converter, and that it comprises the means (41) arranged to establish an electrical connection between the windings of the first rotor (4) and the energy source (7) in parallel with a connection thereof via brushes (40) abutting the slip rings (19) at a stationary output shaft (2) of the internal combustion engine. Device according to claim 33, characterized in that it comprises means (39) arranged to lift the brushes (40) from 514 510 514 510 in contact with the slip rings (19) at a stationary output shaft (2). of the internal combustion engine. Device according to any one of claims 1-34, characterized in that said energy source (7) is a direct current source, such as an electric battery, and that this is connected to said windings via a converter (8, 9). Device according to any one of claims 1-35, characterized in that it comprises a gear (11) arranged to reduce the speed between the output shaft of the internal combustion engine and said drive shaft, and that this gear is arranged either between the internal combustion engine (1) and the energy converter (3) or on the same side of the energy converter as the drive shaft (10). Device according to any one of claims 6-8, 10-14, 35 and 36, characterized in that said unit is a gear (30) with variable gear connected to one of the rotors (5) of the energy converter, and that this gear unit and a device (31) for controlling the energy exchange between the energy source and the rotor provided with windings are arranged to cooperate. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, in that the control device (14) is arranged to control the supply of energy from the energy source to the windings and to restrict the supply of energy to the internal combustion engine and to keep its output shaft stationary to provide only electric drive of the drive shaft (10). ). Device according to claim 4, in that the control device (14) is arranged to restrict the energy supply to the internal combustion engine and keep its output shaft still, control in the stator winding via inertial forces of a part with the drive shaft in power transmission relationship and rotates the rotor of the other machine generated electrical energy to the energy source for electrical braking of the movement of the drive shaft. 10 15 20 25 30 35 514 5410 za Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control device (14) is arranged to control, when braking the drive shaft (10), a means (48) for switching off the fuel supply to the internal combustion engine (1) and the electric machine (s). electrical machines to supply kinetic energy of the drive shaft to said energy source (7). Device according to claim 40, in that the control device (14) is arranged to control during the braking also the transfer of a part of the kinetic energy of the drive shaft to the shaft (2) of the internal combustion engine for engine braking. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control device (14) is arranged to control the supply of electrical energy to the rotor windings (15) of the first machine for starting the internal combustion engine in order to drive around the shaft (2) connected to the output motor of the internal combustion engine. rotor (4). Device according to claims 4 and 42, characterized in that the control device (14) is arranged to, when starting the internal combustion engine, control the second electric machine to create torque resistance and the first electric machine to achieve the desired speed of the output shaft of the internal combustion engine ( 2). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control device (14) is arranged so that when the drive shaft (10) is disconnected from the external load (idle) and the going internal combustion engine, relative rotation of relative rotation generated between the internal combustion engine output shaft the first (4) and second (5) rotors in the rotor windings of the first machine generated electrical energy to said energy source for charging it. Device according to claim 4, in that the control device (14) is arranged to control at a low external load on the drive shaft a part of the energy supplied to the energy converter via the output shaft (2) of the internal combustion engine as electrical energy from 10 15 20 25 30 35 514 510 33 the rotor windings (15) and stator windings (16) to said energy source (17) for charging thereof. Device according to claim 4, in that the control device (14) is arranged to direct electrical energy from said energy source (7) to both the rotor windings (15) and the stator windings (16) for a high external load on the drive shaft (10). energy supply to the drive shaft. Device according to claim 15, in that the control device (14) is arranged to control the energy supply to the internal combustion engine so that it is constant and the output shaft of the internal combustion engine (if desired to lock the rotational speed of the drive shaft at a certain level). 2) has a certain speed and when increasing the load on the drive shaft (10) controls the supply of electrical energy from the energy source to the windings of the stator (16) in order to maintain the same speed relationship between the second rotor and the first drive of the internal combustion engine. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control device (14) is arranged to effect regenerative braking thereof via energy supply from said windings (15, 16) when the internal combustion engine (1) is running and load on said drive shaft (10). to the energy source (7). Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control device (14) is arranged to supply electrical energy to said windings (15) in such a way that the second rotor (5) at a given direction of rotation of the output shaft of the internal combustion engine (2) is affected by this to rotate in a direction other than normal in order to achieve a reversal of the direction of rotation of the drive shaft. Device according to claim 37, characterized in that the control device (14) is arranged to control the gear (30) to change the gear (30) when changing the torque of the drive shaft (10) and, at the same time, to control the energy exchange between the electric machine and the energy source (7) so that the effect of said change of the gear ratio of the gear shaft on the drive shaft is compensated by a change in speed of the rotor (5) of the electric machine connected to said gear. Device according to any one of claims 1-50, characterized in that said drive shaft (10) is a drive shaft for driving a wheel axle (12) of a wheeled vehicle (13).