SE1400558A1 - Submersible with additional functions - Google Patents

Abstract

A machine arranged for sawing the micro-ditch and laying pipes / cables in the micro-ditch, said machine comprising a saw blade arranged for sawing a micro-ditch in one area, which area comprises a first layer, which is a hard surface coating, and a second layer, which is a support layer. for the near first layer; said machine further comprising a stabilizing device arranged to stabilize the walls of said micro-ditch, said front part of said stabilizing device being located immediately behind said saw blade and having a shape complementary to the shape of said saw blade; wherein the proximity stabilizer device further comprises control means for controlling at least one tube / cable, placement in the proximal micro-ditch; said machine is further characterized in that said machine is arranged with two sawing devices placed behind and parallel to said saw blade and on each side of said micro-ditch, said sawing devices sawing through said first layer parallel to and at certain distances to and on each side of said micro-ditch.

Description

LOCATION MACHINE WITH ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a machine for sawing micro-ditches and laying pipes / cables in the ditches. The invention relates in particular to a machine according to claim 1.

Background of the invention The method of sawing the micro-ditch so-called Micro Trenching is expected to be the dominant method for building Fiber-To-The-Home (FTTH) in residential and townhouse areas. In Sweden, approximately 400,000 houses are expected to be connected to a fi survey in the next 5 -10 years. The world market is huge and can be estimated at 100 - 500 times the Swedish market. This means that anywhere between 40 million and 200 million houses can will join in the next 20 years.

When pipes and / or cables are to be laid in the micro-ditch, a (road) sawing machine is used for sawing the ditches where pipes / cables are to be laid.

Summary of the invention An object of the present invention is to provide a machine for sawing the microdics and laying of pipes / communication cables which completely or partially solves problems and disadvantages of known technology.

The above-mentioned object is achieved with a machine arranged for sawing the micro-ditch and laying of pipes / cables in the micro-ditch, said machine comprising: a saw blade arranged for sawing a micro-ditch in an area, which area comprises a first layer L1 and a second layer L2, said first layer L1 being a hard surface coating, such as asphalt or concrete and said second layers L2 being a support layer for said first layer L1 and located below said first layer L1; wherein said machine is capable of sawing said micro-ditch through said first layer L1 and down into said second layer L2; a stabilizing device arranged for stabilizing the walls of said micro-ditch when laying pipes / cables in said micro-ditch, said stabilizing device having a front part and a rear part, said front part, when laying pipes / cables in microdike, is located immediately behind said saw blade and comprising a a shape complementary to or nearly complementary to the shape of said saw blade, said stabilizing device further comprising control means for controlling at least one pipe / cable when placed in said micro-ditch; said machine is further characterized in that said machine is arranged with two-saw devices placed behind and parallel to said saw blade and on each side said micro-ditch, said saw-devices sawing through said first layer L1 parallel to and at certain distances to and on each side of said micro-ditch Embodiments of the machine according to the invention are those specified in the appended dependent claims claims and is described in the following detailed description.

Other advantages and applications of the present invention will become apparent by the following detailed description of the invention.

Brief Description of the Figures The accompanying figures are intended to clarify and explain the present invention, in which; Figure 1 shows a fl fate diagram for MTT; Figure 2 shows a fl fate diagram of an embodiment of MTT; Figures 3a and 3b schematically show a cross section of an area with a street / road with a micro-ditch.

Figure 4 schematically shows the cross-section in Figure 3, in which the micro-ditch has been filled with a filling material such as e.g. sand and sealed with two sealing layers.

Figure 5 shows a typical layout of an F TTH network - Figure 6 shows how to saw branches to individual houses from a main microdike; Figure 7 shows branching to individual houses if controlled drilling is used instead of sawing; Figure 8 shows a sawing machine with its saw blade and a stabilizing device for laying pipes / cables immediately behind the saw blade Figure 9 shows a sawing machine where the stabilizing device is arranged to place a number of tubes / cables at the same time as maintaining order in the tubes / cables in the micro ditch Figure 10 shows in detail where the top pipe is to be cut so that it becomes far enough to reach its final destination; Figure 11 shows important surfaces for controlling the movement of the stabilizing device. The surfaces are they fi niered in a coordinate system originating in the center of the saw blade and apply to all placements of the saw blade and the stabilizing device either they are placed on the left or right side of the saw machine or in front of or behind the saw machine. Figure 11 also defines the coordinate system, originating in the center of the saw blade, used throughout this document.

Figures 12, 13 and 14 show examples of movements of the stabilizing device according to the invention; where fi gur 12 shows an example of a linear motion, fi gur 13 shows an example of a pendulum motion and fi gur 14 shows an example of a continuous motion, which contains the sub-elements: rotation and for fl displacement of the center of rotation in the x and y direction.

Figure 15 shows in detail the design of the attachment points for the link arms on the stabilizing device, so that the pipes and cables which are in the control means are not destroyed when the stabilizing device is rotated.

Figure 16 shows a micro-ditch sawn with a laying machine with sawing devices that saw through the surface coating on both sides of the micro-ditch. The picture shows the result after the coating between these two saw tracks has been removed.

Detailed description of the invention To solve the aforementioned and other problems, the present invention relates to a sawing machine containing a saw blade arranged to saw the micro-ditch in an area. The machine further comprises a stabilizing device arranged to stabilize micro-ditch walls when pipes / cables are laid in the same. Furthermore, the stabilizing device is placed immediately behind the saw blade in the micro-ditch and contains control means for guiding the smallest tube / cable when it is placed in the micro-ditch.

The saw blade and associated stabilizing device can be integrated with the sawing machine and thus form a completely new machine type or designed as an additional unit that can be mounted on existing machines. The saw blade and the stabilizing device can be located on the right or left side of the machine. Other possible locations are in front of or behind the machine. The following description applies to all possible positions of the saw blade and stabilization device as the description only talks about the relative position of the stabilizing device in relation to the saw blade.

The saw blade and the stabilizing device can be individually raised and lowered between a maximum position ("service mode") and a lowest position ("working mode").

The movement of the saw blade between the two extreme positions can be vertical or close to vertical or performed with a rotational movement. This rotational movement can be effected by the saw blade with its motor device being fastened with a hinge at one end and a lifting device at the other end. Thus, the saw blade with motor device can be raised and lowered by one rotational movement by means of the lifting device.

The movement of the stabilizing device is more complicated. During its movement between the two extreme positions, the stabilizing device must not come into contact with either the saw blade, the bottom of the micro-ditch or the safety cover over the saw blade. Furthermore, since raising and lowering of the stabilizing device may be done while cables and / or pipes are in the control means of the stabilizing device, the construction must ensure that there is sufficient space, and ensure that the minimum allowable bending radius for pipes and cables can be maintained. within specified limits.

In its highest position, the stabilizing device is completely lifted above ground level and with some clearance to the ground and also completely retracted and with some clearance behind (sawing direction) the safety cover over the saw blade. In its lowest position, the sigstabilization device begs a maximum of 50 mm above the bottom of the micro-ditch and immediately the rear saw blade at a distance of a maximum of 20 mm. This means that the movement of the stabilizing device between its extreme positions means a movement in the x-direction of more than 0.8 * r, where r is the radius of the saw blade, and more than 0.8 * r in the y-direction.

The saw blade wears during sawing and thus reduces its diameter. This means that the distance between the saw blade and the stabilizing device will increase with time. Over time, the distance may have become so large that stones in the support layer can cause the stabilizing device to become stuck in the microdick. Therefore, the linkers which transmit motion to the stabilizer as well as the attachment holes in the sawing machine must be very strong. This is important because the restabilizer device gets stuck in the micro ditch for some reason can have considerable forces transferred to the stabilizing device and to its lifting device and to the attachment points in the saw machine. To compensate for the wear of the saw blade, it is necessary that the position of the stabilizing device can be adjusted in relation to the current radius of the saw blade. The adjustment can be implemented with rigging screws or similar devices or with intended motor devices.

The link arms for raising and lowering the stabilizing device are driven by a dedicated motor device (eg electric or hydraulic). Furthermore, a machine with a saw blade device arranged on one side of the machine can have quick brackets and drive devices for the boat stabilization device and the saw blade arranged on the left and right side sides of the machine, respectively (in the sawing direction). Thus, any of the left and right side sawing machines can be used for sawing and laying pipes / cables. This may be necessary due to obstructive infrastructure, the traffic situation in the area, etc.

According to various embodiments of the invention, the movement of the stabilizing device between two extreme positions can be performed with a linear or sequential linear movement, a pendulum movement or a continuous or sequential movement, which contains the sub-elements rotation and displacement of rotation centers in x- and y-directions. Finally, the movement can be composed of one combination of two or three of the above movements.

The movement of the stabilizing device can be mechanically controlled by link arms with fixed attachment points and driven by a single electric or hydraulic motor device or by a number of electric or hydraulic motor devices, controlled by software in a computer.

Said linear movement may be along a straight line with about 15 - 40 ° inclination towards the ground plane. Said sequential linear movement may be a near horizontal movement with 0 - 25 ° inclination towards the ground plane when the stabilizing device is close to its lowest position and a steeper movement or even a completely vertical movement when the stabilizing device has moved away from the saw blade. Figure 12 shows an example of a movement along a straight line.

Said pendulum movement has the advantage that it is easy to achieve and that it provides a strong construction. Area A + B in figure ll shows possible locations for the rotation center for a star pendulum movement. Area B is less attractive because it is an area needed for the safety cover over the saw blade and to lift the saw blade to its service position. The most The attractive area is area A. Area A is located above or above and in front of the saw blade and its safety cover when the saw blade has been raised to its service position. Figure 13 shows an example on a rigid pendulum motion with center of rotation in area A.

A continuous movement of the stabilizing device containing the sub-elements: rotation and displacement of the center of rotation in the x- and y-direction can be achieved using two-link arms. The most attractive place for locating the attachment points for these link arms is area C (in Fig. 11) behind the saw blade safety cap relative to the sawing direction. The movement of the stabilizing device between its two extreme positions is achieved by rotating the stabilizer and moving the center of rotation between points A and B of the rotating clock. is close to the center of the saw blade (point Ai fi gur 14) when the stabilizing device and the saw blade are close to their working positions and close to point B when the stabilizing device is close to its service position. The displacement center of rotation can be continuous with the rotation or Sequential with the rotation, i.e. only rotation when the stabilizing device is close to the working position, then a movement of center of rotation and finally further only rotation.

Finally, the movement of the stabilizing device between its two extreme positions may be composed of sub-elements of movements from two or fl of previously mentioned movements. Examples of such compound movements are: Example 1: The stabilizer is lowered from its highest position (transport position) with a linear downward movement (fi gur 12), then it follows a pendulum movement (fi gur 13) until it is the near saw blade and finally it is rotated to its working position by a rotational movement (fi gur 14 ) with center of rotation near the center of the saw blade. The stabilizer is lifted with a reverse movement.

Example 2: The stabilizing device is lowered from its highest position (transport position) by single-pendulum movement (fi gur 13) until it is close to the saw blade and finally it is rotated to sitting position by a rotational movement (r gur 14) with rotation center near the center of the saw blade. The stabilizer is lifted with a reverse motion.

The saw blade is in its highest position during transport, eg when the saw machine is moved to one new geographical location and a ditch should not be sawn during transport. The saw blade also starts in its highest position when the saw blade is to be replaced. In this case, the stabilizing device with all pipes / cables remains in the micro-ditch so that micro-digging and laying of pipes / cables can continue after the saw blade has been replaced. During the replacement of the saw blade, the safety blade of the saw blade opens along its entire side so that the entire saw blade becomes accessible.

The stabilizing device settles in its highest position during transport and during this time all pipes / cables must be threaded in and at the start of installation by micro-digging. When the process of laying pipes / cables at the same time as micro-digging is to be started, the saw blade is first lowered to its working position and the sawing machine is driven forward by approximately 1 - 2 m so that there is room in the ditch to lower the stabilizing device. There must also be a place in the ditch for an anchor that holds the pipes / cables in place, so that they are not dragged after the sawing machine when it starts to move Forward.

To make it easier to thread in all pipes / cables, the stabilizing device can either be openable or the stabilizing device is provided with an openable cassette so that pipes / cables can be easily laid in their respective channels. An openable cassette that can be removed from and put back on the stabilizer saves time in some cases e.g. local micro-digging and laying of pipes / cables is temporarily interrupted for some reason and later e.g. the next day should continue from the same place.

The detachable cassette can be attached to the stabilizer by means of disposable hinges. Once the pin has been removed, the cassette can be easily removed. The cassette can also be left in the micro-ditch when the saw machine is to be till moved to another location in the following way: remove the hinge pin and drive the saw machine forward a few centimeters so that the stabilizer without a cassette can be lifted. To put the cassette back on the stabilizing device performs the opposite maneuver.

Furthermore, the inventors have realized that the laying of pipes / cables must be done before the sides of the ditch collapse and before stones (or sand and earth) and especially stones larger than the width of the ditch wedge into the sides of the ditch and prevent laying of pipes / cables all the way down to the bottom. ditch. In this way, time (and money) is saved because the placement can be carried out without unnecessary interruptions.

Therefore, the present machine is arranged to saw the micro-ditch in an area. For this reason, the machine contains a saw blade, with a preferably circular shape, for sawing the micro-ditch. The sawn microdics are adapted to receive pipes / cables, which means that the microdics were given doctrinal dimensions.

The machine also contains a stabilizing device arranged to stabilize micro-ditch walls when laying pipes / cables and for this reason the stabilizing device is placed immediately behind the saw blade in the micro-ditch so that the walls are stabilized until pipes / cables have been placed by means of guide means arranged on / in the stabilizing device.

For stabilizing the walls of the ditch, the stabilizing device consists of suitable stabilizing parts such as leather side elements arranged to stabilize the wall amateurs to its pipes / cables have been placed in the micro-ditch. It is important that the stabilizing device is placed immediately behind the saw blade so that the ditch sawn with the saw blade is stabilized immediately after it has been sawn so that it does not collapse or that stones or other objects fall into the ditch before pipes / cables are laid. Therefore, according to one embodiment of the invention, the maximum permissible distance between the saw blade and the stabilizing device is greater than 0 mm but less than 20 mm. The dimensions of the stabilizing device are determined by the size of the pipes / cables, the number of pipes / cables to be laid at the same time and the desired laying depth in the micro-ditch. However, the width of the stabilizer shall be equal with or slightly less than the width of the saw blade.

Furthermore, in order to achieve a controlled and automatic laying of pipes / cables, the content stabilization device also comprises control means which guide the pipes / cables down into the ditch in a controlled and orderly manner. The combination of stabilization and control has been shown to reduce cost and time in an efficient way, since the process of sawing and laying pipes / cables can be performed simultaneously. The control means are located on / in the stabilizing device and therefore the invention enables pipes / cables to be laid in the ditch at the same time as the ditch is stabilized by the stabilizing device. Pipes / cables can thus be laid with high precision in the ditch (i.e. at the right height in the ditch) because the ditch is "clean" as long as the ditch is stabilized of the device.

The stabilizing device can be made of any suitable hard material. The material should suitably be rigid, resistant and hard, but still fl flexible to withstand stresses during operation. The attachment of the stabilizing device to the sawing machine must have a certain fl flexibility to prevent damage if the stabilizing device gets stuck in the ditch. Steel or steel alloys are suitable because they can be given the right properties when alloying with other metals such as platinum and manganese. Since there is limited space in the micro-ditch, the walls of the stabilizer must be as solid as possible to accommodate all-pipes / cables to be laid, but still have the characteristics described above. Single steel alloy with a hardness corresponding to 400 - 700 Brinell has proven to be suitable for this application. It has also been found that the stabilization device can be manufactured as single-carbon rock casting. Parts of the stabilizer can be cast separately before mounting to a stabilizer.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the stabilizing device has an input and a single outlet for pipes / cables, the input and the output being connected to the control means. Guide means suitably channels through which pipes / cables are guided through the stabilizing device. Underpants are the entrance suitably above ground level and arranged vertically or close to vertically while the outlet is underground in the ditch and horizontally or near horizontally arranged to minimize wear on the pipes / cables. Therefore, the minimum horizontal distance (at ground level) between the outlet of the stabilizer and the saw blade is slightly longer than the minimum recommended bending radius for the duct pipes and cables to be laid, which means that this minimum distance depends on the minimum recommended bending radius for the pipes / cables. mm and 500 mm measured at ground level, but other distances are possible. In addition, the input, output and control means can together be releasably arranged on the stabilizing device, e.g. as a detachable cassette. Having the controls in a detachable cassette shortens the installation time on certain occasions because the time-consuming the task of threading many pipes / cables in their respective ducts can be avoided.

The inventors have also realized that the working depth of the stabilizing device in the micro-rod shall be up to 50 mm less than the working depth of the saw blade according to an embodiment of the opening. The difference in depth between the saw blade and the stabilizing device, during operation, determines how fast the ground level can be changed. The saw blade must have sawn the ditch so deep that the stabilizing device does not touch the bottom of the ditch, to avoid the possibility of the stabilizer getting stuck. This eliminates unnecessary forces on the stabilizer and the possibility of it being destroyed. This could happen if ground level quickly becomes much lower.

In addition, according to yet another embodiment of the invention, the stabilizing device and the saw blade have been arranged so that they can be raised and lowered independently of each other. This is an advantage when, for example, the saw blade needs to be replaced due to wear or if another type of saw blade is required (eg one type for asphalt and one for concrete). Furthermore, the stabilizing device may need to be replaced and then this can easily be done if the two parts can be lowered and raised independently of each other. In addition, the saw blade is lifted during short-term interruptions during sawing, but then the stabilizing device must remain in the micro-ditch. as the need for Stabilization of the ditch remains.

Figure 9 shows an embodiment of a machine according to the invention. The stabilizing device has a front part and a rear part, where the front part is located immediately behind the saw blade. It can also be seen that the stabilizing device has a section in its front part which has a shape which is complementary to the shape of the saw blade, which in this particular case is circular. In other words, in this case the section in the front part has a concave circular shape, with the same or almost the same radius as the saw blade and is placed as close to the saw blade as possible, at a distance less than 20 mm from the saw blade. The reason for this is that the part of the stabilizing device which is underground must be placed close to the saw blade so that it is impossible for soil, stones or other objects to collapse to the bottom of the ditch or be wedged between the sides of the ditch. The control means in this embodiment are channels inside the stabilizer. The channels are illustrated by dashed lines in the colors.

The stabilizing device may also be pointed / wedge shaped in a cross section of the leading edge in sawing direction.

The designers have realized that if you want a micro-ditch with a different geometry (eg second width and / or arm depth), the saw blade and the stabilizing device must be replaced. As previously mentioned, the stabilizing device must have a complementary shape to the saw blade. Therefore, if the saw blade is changed to another saw blade with a different radius, the stabilizing device is changed to one with a concave shape with almost the same radius. ll When the saw blade and the stabilizing device are changed to those with other dimensions must-link arms and / or their attachment points for lifting the stabilizing device may change.

This can be arranged by having adjusting screws or rigging screws on the link arms and / or by having alternative attachment points for the link arms prepared on the sawing machine.

Finally, when the diameter of the saw blade changes, it may be necessary to change the safety cover over the saw blade. The inner shape of the cover is optimized for the shape of the saw blade to maximize the removal of sawn material out through an opening in the front edge of the cover. This inner shape may need to be changed when the saw blade is replaced with another diameter to get optimal removal of sawn material.

As discussed above, the stabilizing device preferably has a maximum width that is earthy or slightly less than the width of the saw blade. The stabilizing device must be wide enough so that there is room for the duct pipes / cables to be laid, but narrow enough that it can be pulled out into the sawn trench.

Another important aspect of the invention is that the channels of the control means make it possible to maintain a predetermined order of pipes / cables when they are placed in the micro ditch. This is very important as more than one pipe must be placed at the same time. In a scenario for property connection, cassette pipe / cable at a certain distance after the property has been passed. In order for this pipe / cable to be easy to find, it is of the utmost importance that this pipe / cable is found among the top pipes / cables among the amount of pipes / cables that are in the ditch. The pipe / cable must be cut before entering the stabilizer. Therefore, it is important to know which of all the pipes / cables goes into the stabilizer, which comes out at the top of the ditch. In addition, since the color of the pipe / cable for a particular house is often determined in advance, the pipes / cables must be arranged so that pipes / cables of the right color are cut to the correct length for a particular house and always back up to the ditch when that house has been passed.

A method that makes it possible to lay a number of pipes / cables at the same time has a very large commercial value because the laying process can be carried out much faster than has previously been possible in the industry. According to this embodiment of the invention, therefore the stabilizing device a number of control means, each of the control means controlling one or one 12 few pipes / cables out into the ditch. The stabilizing device may, for example, contain a number of channels, arranged so that a known order is maintained, which means that the order of pipes / cables out of the stabilizing device are tubes / cables into known from the order of the stabilizer, consequently the order into and out of the stabilizer is related to each other and known. This can e.g. are achieved by a one-to-one relationship between input and output of the device, which means that they do not cross each other. The order of pipes / cables must be arranged so that it is one of the top pipes / cable mix the amount of pipes / cables in the ditch which is always to be branched off to the next destination. Therefore, it is so that the pipe / cable that enters the entrance at the rear (calculated in the sawing direction) will be among the top pipes / cables out of the outlet and vice versa for the pipe / cable that enters the entrance at the front will be among the lowest out of the exit. As shown in Figures 6 and 7, branches from the main ditch can be sawn before the main ditch is sawn or also after the main ditch has been sawn. You decide from case to case in which order the ditches should be sawn so that you get the most effective fl fate during the installation. Each branched micro-ditch goes from the main ditch to an end destination for a certain pipe / cable. When the main trench is sawn and the pipes / cables are laid, the (which will be gentle) top pipe / cable is cut (before it enters the stabilizer) when the sawing machine has reached a certain length past the branch of the branch micro-ditch, so that this pipe / cable can be lifted in the branch micro-ditch up to its final destination, see Figure 10. If the pipe / cable is cut in the right place, it has a length that extends all the way to the final destination without having to be spliced. In the same way, one by one branches off the pipes / cables to each passed property.

Depending on the width of the ditch and the size of the pipes / cables, one or more pipes / cables can be placed side by side at the top of the main micro-ditch. It is important that the pipe / cable that is about to be branched to its final destination is always found among the top ones. In order to achieve this, in connection with sawing the main micro-ditch and laying a number of pipes / cables, the pipe / cable, which will be one of the top pipes / cables in the ditch and that which will be branched off to the next predetermined final destination, must be cut at a predetermined distance after the location of the corresponding branch micro-ditch has been passed, so that the pipe / cable can then be lifted up and transferred to the branch micro-ditch to its final destination. The pipe / cable should be cut after the place of the corresponding branch microdike has been passed with a certain minimum distance, so that the length of the pipe / cable is long enough without having to be spliced, when it is lifted off 13 the main micro-ditch over to the branch micro-ditch and up to its final destination.

If the stabilizing device (formerly called plow) is designed with individual channels for each tube / cable, or has channels, each of which has room for a small number of tubes / cables, it is easy to know which tube / cable will be found at the top an example of such a stabilizing device is shown in Figure 9. The stabilizing device according to this embodiment has a tube / cable input and a tube / cable output, connected to each other by a number of channels, constituting control means (illustrated with dashed lines) tubes / cables. The output of the stabilizer is below ground. According to one embodiment of the invention, this contains a "matrix" (or vector) part, arranged in such a way that the channels are arranged in a matrix with n rows and m columns and can thus separate pipes / cables in a controlled manner, horizontally and / or vertically when placed in the micro ditch.

So to sum up: one by one, one of the top pipes / cables, the one intended for a certain end destination, is cut at a certain minimum distance after the location of the corresponding branch microdike and then this pipe / cable is lifted from the main microdike and laid over to the branch microdike all the way to its final destination.

Furthermore, the sawing machine may be provided with a device for holding at least one drum of tubes / cables before they are placed in the micro ditch via the stabilizing device. This way it is easy to access the pipes / cables.

Furthermore, the machine according to the invention may include other suitable devices such as; or fl your motor devices for driving saw blades, stabilization devices and / or drive devices (such as crawler feet or wheels), communication devices for wireless communication with, for example, an external server unit, computing units, memory units, sensors, GPS equipment, vehicles, display devices intended to display information, to read coding devices on saw blades, immobilizer CEC.

Regarding the operation of the saw blade and / or stabilization device, this can take place, for example via direct mechanical operation, hydraulic operation or electric operation. Mechanical drive provides it 14 highest efficiency while electric drive gives the lowest efficiency, so the former is preferable if high power is needed, which is often the case.

Some road managers require that restoration and sealing of the micro-ditch must be done with re-asphalting up to 500 mm wide. Therefore, up to 250 mm of the L1 surface coating must be cut and removed on each side of the micro-ditch. This naturally leads to another costly and labor-intensive steps.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the machine, which saws the micro-ditch and lays pipes / cables, is arranged with sawing devices placed on each side of the micro-ditch. The sawing devices saw through the surface coating L1 parallel to and at a certain distance from the micro-ditch. This is done at the same time as the machine saws a micro-ditch and laying pipes / cables in this micro-ditch. The sawing devices are mounted on the machine with adjustable devices so that the distance from the micro ditch can be varied between 0-250 mm. The sawing depth of the sawing devices can also be adjusted with suitable devices between 0-150 mm. Afterwards, the surface coating between the saw grooves can be easily removed. Figure 16 shows a cross section of a micro-ditch sawn by a laying machine with activated sawing devices on both sides of the micro-ditch, after removing the coating between the saw grooves.

During transport of the machine, the sawing devices can be lifted completely above the ground. Sawing devices must be equipped with support wheels to be able to sense the ground level during sawing and thus be able to saw to a certain depth below the surface.

Each of the two sawing devices is driven by its own motor device. Both saw devices can be raised and lowered independently of the saw blade and stabilization device. Each of the saw devices has a protective cover and can be provided with a one-diamond saw blade. The sawing devices are mounted on the machine on each side of the micro ditch, parallel to and behind the saw blade that saws the micro ditch.

The inventors have also realized that there may be a need for a sword-shaped saw blade with a single-saw chain or saw wire, which is driven around this sword-saw blade by a motor device. A saw blade with an associated saw chain / saw wire can be used for sawing through the surface coating L1 and down into the underlying support layer L2 and then replaces a circular saw blade.

The saw surface of the saw chain / saw cable has segments / beads with baked-in diamonds with the same sawing properties as in a circular diamond saw blade and in the same way as a wide circular saw blade a stabilizing device with control means for pipes / cables directly behind and as close to the bar saw blade as possible. The front part of the stabilizing device has in in both cases a shape which is complementary to the shape of the respective saw blade.

As a complement to the machine's wheels, the machine can also be equipped with caterpillar feet / belt top wheels. Such caterpillar feet / belts can be considered as a "separate piece of road", which the machine rolls under. The machine's wheels are therefore always driven on "good road". In addition, the area of the belt is very large compared to the wheels and thus the ground pressure is spread out and therefore becomes a very low unit of area.

The inventors have also realized that there may be a need for the saw blade and stabilizing device, while maintaining relative positions, to move forward or backward in the sawing direction even though the machine is stationary. This can be important, for example, when the machine is facing an obstacle, which can be a wall, wall, pit, grass surface, pavement or other obstacle to the machine. With this function can saw blade and stabilizer together saw and lay pipes / cables up to 2000 mm even though the machine is stationary.

This function makes it possible to saw all the way to or from an obstacle.

Raising and lowering as well as the above-described horizontal movements of the saw blade and stabilizing device with a stationary machine are controlled with one or two of them in particular. adapted motors, drive means and movable shafts.

Example 1: Sawing up to an obstacle in front of the machine. The machine saws and places pipes / cables as far as possible up to the obstacle with the saw blade and stabilization device in their normal positions when sawing / laying. At the obstacle, the machine is stopped and then stands completely still while the saw blade and stabilization device are allowed to saw and laying pipes / cables all the way to the obstacle. Then lift both the saw blade and the stabilizing device to their highest positions.

Example 2: Start of sawing from an obstacle behind the machine. With saw blade and stabilization device lifting above ground backs the machine as close to the obstacle as possible and 16 with stationary machine for fl the saw blade and stabilizing device is moved as far back on the machine as possible. Then the saw blade is lowered to the depth of the saw and the saw is allowed to move forward with the initially stationary machine a sufficiently long distance so that the stabilizing device with pipes / cables can be lowered into the micro-ditch. Then the machine moves forward in the normal way with saw blade and stabilizing device in their normal positions when sawing / laying.

Micro T renching Technique (MTT) An in-depth knowledge of the MTT method may be warranted. Figure 1 shows a fate diagram for an MTT method for laying at least one pipe / cable under a road surface in an area containing the steps: - Sawing a micro-ditch in an area through the first layer L1 into the second layer L2; pipe / cable in the micro-ditch in such a way that this at least one pipe / cable is placed under the first layer L1; and- Backfilling the micro ditch to restore the road surface.

Figures 3a and 3b schematically show a cross section of an area where ducting pipes are located in the microdicket. The area in Figures 3a and 3b is a three-dimensional section of a typical road area, wherein the area contains a first layer L1 which is a road surface of for example asphalt or concrete and a second layer L2 which is a base layer for the first layer L1 and which normally consists of macadam. sand and soil. As shown in Figure 3, the second layer L2 is naturally located during the first layer Ll.

The sawing step includes: Sawing the micro-ditch through the first layer L1 into the second layer L2, which means that the micro-ditch is sawn in the manner shown in Figures 3a and 3b. The micro-ditch is sawn so deep that at least one pipe / cable can be placed in the micro-ditch below it. the first layer L1 (ie all installed pipes / cables are placed under the first layer L1). With the present method, all pipes and cables required in a opt professional network can be laid so deep that they are protected even if the road surface L1 is removed or replaced, for example when the road is being repaired.

Then at least one pipe and / or communication cable is laid in the micro ditch. The tube is one pipes arranged to blow in “blow fi ber” (so-called EPFU) or fi support cables. The pipe (s) 17 and / or the communication cable / cables are laid in the micro-ditch so that they are completely placed under the first layer Ll.

Finally, the micro-ditch is filled with a mandatory filler material to restore the road body. The backfill material consists of sand or other material with suitable properties. A filling material which is surface at the time of filling and which later hardens and acquires high resistance to compressive forces is a filling material to be preferred. Micro-pike is filled with the filling material to a suitable level, and if necessary compacted with a ground vibrator adapted for the width w of the micro ditch.

Finally, the micro-ditch is sealed with a sealing material, such as bitumen, to maintain a waterproof seal. If a waterproof seal is not required, repair can also be done with cold asphalt, which is a simple and inexpensive method of restoration. A suitable amount of cold asphalt is simply poured over and scraped into the micro ditch and then compacted into a smooth and hard surface. Any excess asphalt can then be collected and removed.

The step of sealing may, according to a preferred embodiment, include the steps of: - Sealing of the micro-ditch is flush with the bottom of the first layer L1 with a first seal S1; and - Sealing of the micro-ditch is flush with the top of the first layer L1 with a second seal S2.

Figure 4 shows the embodiment described above. The top and bottom of the first layer L1 are shown in Figure 4. To obtain a seal with good adhesion, it is recommended to pour hot bitumen or a bitumen mixture to seal the micro-ditch. Also other materials such as concrete or polyurethane modified bitumen also works.

The first seal S1 seals the micro-ditch flush with the bottom of the first layer L1, so that the micro-ditch can then be washed with a high-pressure washer to remove sand residues from the asphalt / concrete edges. After washing, the microdick can be dried and preheated using a propane burner and finally the microditch is filled evenly with the top of the first layer L1 with a suitable sealing material such as a material based on hot bitumen and intended for crack repair in asphalt. 18 According to a further embodiment, the micro-ditch is sawn with a machine whose saw blade is diamond-clad. Such a diamond-clad saw blade easily saws through the hardest materials such as stone or concrete and has proven to be very suitable for this application. The edges of the aftermarket rod become exceptionally straight, clean and easy to repair. Previous methods of making micrododics such as to use saw blade with carbide teeth as tungsten carbide creates lots of small cracks in the edges of the sawn micro-ditch and that makes complete sealing is significantly more difficult and expensive compared to the present method.

The micro-ditch is preferably sawn with a modified so-called road saw (saw machine) with a diamond-clad saw blade. In order to further optimize and improve the performance of the road saw in this application, the inventors have realized that one or more of the following improvements are usable and should be considered as embodiments: 0 Changing the direction of rotation of the saw blade to so-called "up-cut" for improved removal of sawn material; Modified cover over the saw blade and a front outlet to optimize the removal of sawn material and to reduce the spread of dust particles and to leave the microdiode clean and ready for laying pipes / cables; Stabilization device according to Figures 8 and 9 with one or more control means for pipes / cables mounted directly after the saw blade so that micro-digging and laying of pipes / cables may be in a continuous process. In cases where the stabilizing device has control means for a number of tubes / cables, these control means must be arranged so that the outputs from the stabilizing device are placed one above the other in such a way that the order of pipes / cables from the entrance into the stabilizing device and out into the micro-ditch is preserved; 0 Drum trolley pulled by the road saw with holder for drums for pipes / cables, warning tape and search wire 0 Servo controlled by sensor to automatically hold the saw blade vertically on uneven ground (eg one side drive devices (wheels or lanes / feet) on the pavement and other side drive devices on the road). 0 Sensor for temperature monitoring of the saw blade, which automatically adds mercury water if the temperature of the saw blade increases or slows down the rotation speed. Cooling water is added near the center of the saw blade and on both its sides. 0 Gearbox so that the peripheral speed of the saw blade can be kept constant when changing 19 the diameter of the saw blade.

Figure 8 shows an embodiment of a sawing machine containing a saw blade arranged for up-cutting. Up-cut is denoted as the direction of rotation of the saw blade relative to the direction of sawing, shown in Figure 8. All known sawing machines have the opposite direction of rotation. Changing the direction of rotation of the saw blade to up-cut helps to remove sawn material from the micro-ditch and thus provides a "pure" micro-ditch.

Furthermore, the sawing machine is equipped with a stabilizing device, mounted directly in the rear saw blade, where the stabilizing device has at least one guide member, such as e.g. channels for controlling pipes / cables when they are placed in the micro ditch directly after the saw blade. In the event that an tal ertal pipe / cables are laid at the same time, the stabilization device is designed so that the order of pipes / cables is maintained. This can be achieved by maintaining individual channels for pipes / cables possible that, before the pipes / cables enter the stabilizing device so that the order of the pipes / cables through the stabilizer. This enables the stabilization device to identify which pipe / cable will come out at the top of the microcircuit and thus make it possible to know which pipe / cable is to be cut for each final destination. See Figure 10.

According to one design, the depth d of the micro ditch should be greater than the depth of the first layer [plus the height d2 of at least one pipe or at least one communication cable, i.e. d> d] + d2 which means that the depth d of the micro-ditch is greater than the height of the first layer d] plus the total height of one or fl your pipes and / or communication cables. As shown of ur gur 3a, 3b, and 4 apply to the above relation.

However, the cost of sawing a micro-ditch increases with increasing depth d. Therefore, the micro-ditch should not be deeper than necessary. Normal depth d for the micro ditch can be approx. 400 mm, but unlike the width w of the micro ditch, the depth d can often be adjusted continuously during operation. The saw depth can therefore be reduced gradually as the number pipes / cables laid in the micro ditch are reduced.

In addition, the micro-ditch should not be wider than necessary as a wider micro-ditch means higher costs compared to a narrower micro-ditch. On the other hand, a narrower micro-ditches make it more difficult to lay pipes / cables so that there is an optimal width of the micro-ditch, because, for example, if the micro-ditch is too narrow, all pipes / cables are stacked on top of each other so that the depth to the top pipe / cable from the ground level may become too shallow.

Based on the above discussion, the findings have been obtained through tests to the appropriate dimensions of a micro-ditch should be a depth d between 200 - 500 mm (and preferably 300 - 500 mm) and a width w between 10 - 30 mm (and preferably 15 - 25 mm ) according to a single version optimized for installation efficiency and low cost. Furthermore, with these dimensions, traffic jams are minimized, as traffic can pass over an open micro-ditch.

Furthermore, according to another embodiment and with reference to the fl fate diagram in Figure 2, the content method of laying at least one pipe / cable follows the following steps: - Scanning of an area by means of ground radar; and- Identification of obstacles in the area by analyzing data from this ground radar- Sawing of a micro-ditch in the area through the first layer L1 and down into the second layer L2- Laying of at least one pipe / cable in the micro-ditch so that at least one pipe / cable is placed under the first layer L1; and- Backfilling the micro ditch to restore the surface of the road.

It should be noted that according to this embodiment, the steps of scanning and identification are done before the other steps.

According to this embodiment, the area is scanned by means of a ground penetrating radar unit, such as a ground radar / GEO radar or other suitable equipment.

Then, with the help of the information from the ground penetration radar unit, possible grounded obstacles in the area are identified, such as drain pipes, electrical and telecommunications cables, grounded structures, etc. The steps with scanning and identification mean when performing the subsequent step of sawing, you can avoid accidental cutting / damage to dangerous infrastructure in the area, which would result in delays and extra costs in the micro ditching process. After sawing a micro-ditch in the scanned area, at least one pipe and / or communication cable is laid in the micro-ditch. Finally filled the micro ditch with suitable materials so that the road surface is restored. 21 The method may also include the step: Installation or blowing of fiber or cable in one or fl your pipes, if duct pipes have been placed in the micro ditch.

It should also be noted that the method described above may also include the step: To make one or fl your branch points connected to the micro ditch. The branch point is suitably made with the aid of a diamond-clad core drill or with a hand-held sawing machine with a diamond-clad chain or saw blade. In this embodiment, the method may also include the further step of drilling one or more of the channels from the branch purge themes to one or two of the properties by means of controlled drilling. It is important that the ducts are drilled under the first layer L1 into the second stored L2. Pipes / cables are then installed in these ducts when the drill is pulled back.

The following description sheds light on various aspects regarding the placement and design of microdics, branch purices and channels, as well as strategies regarding cutting, branching, etc. in relation to and included in the present method.

Layout Figure 5 shows a typical logical structure of a Fiber-To-Home (FTTH) network in a residential area, where D is a distribution node and F is a splice point where larger fi carrier cables are spliced to smaller (or in the case of a distributed PON network (Passive Optical Network) a place where optical splitters are located). The network between the distribution node D and the splice point F is called the distribution network and the network between the splice point F and individual properties is called the access network. Sewer pipes / cables for both distribution and access networks can be installed with present method.

A residential area to be built with FTTH is normally divided into a number of smaller sub-district areas. Somewhere in or outside the residential area there must be a place, which rabbit houses the optical panels and the electronics needed for the distribution node D. The distribution node D can be located in an existing property, in its own small newly built building or in a large ground cabinet. Each distribution node D can contain electronics and fiber optic panels for between a few hundred households up to fl your thousand households. The size of the area to be connected to an individual distribution node D can be adjusted within wide limits and is primarily due to practical considerations, such as space in node D, difficulties with 22 handle a variety of small distribution nodes D, etc. The present method can also be adapted for each desired number fi brer per household.

There are two main types of FTTH networks: Point to point and point to multipoint. In a so-called point-to-point network, the distribution node D contains the other end of all the fi letters that have started in each individual household in the residential area. If, for example, an area with 500 households is dimensioned for 2 fibers per connection, this means that 1000 fi wires enter the distribution node D. The distribution node D should be centrally located in the area, which built, as shown in Figure 5.

The design of a point-to-multipoint network or so-called Passive Optical Network (PON) is more or less the same. The difference is that the number of incoming fis to the distribution node D, in this case, corresponds to the number of households divided by a factor (for example 8, 16, 32 etc. depending on the selected splitter type). The examples in the further discussion are based on the construction of a point-to-point network. However, the described methods can also be applied to a PON network, only the distribution cables are scaled down accordingly.

Seen from the distribution node D, distribution cables are laid out to splice points F, placed in wells or in ground cabinets. Distribution cabling is normally dimensioned for the number of households in the area plus 10% in reserve, so that future, newly built properties can easily be connected to the network. In a point-to-point network, where for example a splice point F comprises an area of 22 properties and the requirement is 2 fibers per property, 48 fibers are required from the distribution cable. Fibers from the distribution cables are spliced at the splice points F to fis from the access cables.

These access cables then go on to each individual property, which is to be connected.

How many properties a junction point F is to supply depends mainly on financial considerations. If the area is too large, the average length of the access cables to each property increases, which increases the cost. On the other hand, if the area is too small, the cost increases perfastness due to its share in the joint point F and its distribution cable. Consequently, there is an optimal size for a residential area where the cost is minimized. The number of properties, which gives this cost minimum, depends mainly on the topography of the area and on the size of the properties' plots of land, but a rule of thumb may be that an optimal number of properties, connected to a splice point F, often lies somewhere between 16 - 48. 23 If sawing of the micro-ditch is carried out with a sawing machine according to an embodiment of the invention, the joint point F should be placed centrally in each sub-area of the residential area, with for example 22 properties. The joint point F can be physically located in a ground cabinet at the roadside or in a cable box. Typically, 10 - 12 duct pipes should then go from the ground cabinet to the alternative cable well in each direction along the road. Each of these duct pipes then connects one of the area's 22 properties. Finally, access cables are blown into each duct pipe.

Strategy for sawing Usually residential areas have properties on both sides of a road and the property connections can then be made in two different ways: Either you saw on both sides of the road and connect the properties via the nearest micro ditch or you only saw on one side the road alternatively in the middle of the road and connects properties from both sides of the road via this single microdike.

However, in order to minimize the number of sawn micro-ditches that cross the road, according to one embodiment, crossings are made to the opposite side of the road to the plot boundary between two properties. Thereafter, duct pipes are placed in the micro-ditch to each of the two properties. In this way, only a micro-ditch is needed, which crosses the road for every other property on the opposite side of the road. This is a cheap and cost effective method to connect all the houses in an area.

Branch fi from the main microdike Branches from a main micro-ditch (a main micro-ditch is defined as a micro-ditch along a road) can be performed in a number of different ways. The branches can be sawn either before, as shown in Figure 6, or after the main micro-ditch has been sawn. In order to get a large bending radius of the duct pipe out into the branch, both methods are best performed at an angle corresponding to approximately 45 ° from the main micro-ditch. The branch microdics can either cross the main microdike or end flush with the main microdike. When the main micro-ditch is sawn and the duct pipes are laid, it is easy, as shown in fi gur 10 and fi gur 6, to lift one of the upper duct ducts one by one to each of the branch micro-ducts and on to respective property. 24 An alternative branching method is to first drill a hole at each branch point with the aid of a core drill, with a suitable dimension. The main micro-ditch can then be sawn through all of these holes as described above and shown in Figure 7. This method is suitable both for making the property connections with the micro-ditch sawn according to the method described above and also when property connections are made using controlled drilling.

An alternative method of making branches is to first drill a hole at each branch point. The holes can be made with a core drill with a suitable dimension (for a round hole) or with a hand-held tool with a diamond-clad saw blade or chain (for a rectangular hole). is sawn through all these holes in the same way as described above and is shown in Figure 7. This method is useful both when the branch microdics pre-property connections are sawn according to the method described above or when property branches are carried out with so-called controlled drilling. Guided drilling is sometimes preferable when making property connections because you then avoid (go under) obstacles such as (support) walls, fences, hedges, trees, etc. On the other hand, this means that an additional expensive machine (for controlled drilling) is required on the installation site.

Finally, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments set forth above but also relates to and includes all embodiments within the scope of the appended independent claims.