RU90363U1 - VENTILATION VENTILATION SYSTEM OF MULTI-APARTMENT BUILDING - Google Patents

Abstract

1. The ventilation system of the basement of an apartment building, made on the basis of special openings with supply and exhaust ventilation ducts, characterized in that the exhaust duct is brought into the shaft of the smoke exhaust system of the building. ! 2. The ventilation system of the basement of an apartment building according to claim 1, characterized in that the supply ventilation window on the outside is closed by a louvre grille.

Description

Application area

The utility model relates to ventilation systems in the basement of multi-apartment buildings and can be used for efficient ventilation of the basement.

State of the art

According to SNiP 31-02-2001, during the construction of houses in areas where, according to engineering and environmental surveys, there are emissions of soil gases (radon, methane, etc.), measures must be taken to insulate the floors and walls of basements in contact with the ground in order to prevent penetration of soil gas from the soil into the house, and other measures to reduce its concentration in accordance with the requirements of sanitary standards. To prevent the entry of soil gases, the concrete slab of the basement floor should be hermetically adjacent to the wall around the perimeter of the basement, and the adjoining area should be covered with sealant, that is, the concrete slab serves as an “air barrier” that prevents the penetration of soil gases. However, attempts to solve this problem by tightly sealing cracks and other openings in the basement are not always effective, therefore, in the basement, a device for removing such gases is provided for - a ventilation duct is arranged through which the basement communicates with the atmosphere. To prevent the entry of soil gases, the drainage layer of gravel under the concrete slab of the basement floor should also communicate with the atmosphere. Thus, the arrangement of ventilation of basements in apartment buildings sometimes becomes a necessity not only because of plans for using the area of basements, but also purely because of considerations of compliance with sanitary standards when operating buildings.

Basement ventilation is carried out through special openings located in its upper part [1]. Ventilation is effective only when there are two channels: supply and exhaust. Usually they are placed on opposite sides of the basement: supply - near the floor, exhaust - under the ceiling. The outside ventilation window is closed with a louvre grille from the outside. The disadvantage of such a ventilation system is the weakness of the exhaust system. The installation of forced ventilation on an extractor hood under the basement ceiling does not give the necessary effect due to the intersection of ventilation ducts with the upper floors, where the supply air flows at the same temperature or even lower. As a result, the cold air from the upper floors, entering the common ventilation channel, tends to go down to the basement. Those. when using forced ventilation, the draft power for the hood is always insufficient to raise the air column in the entire ventilation duct from the basement to the roof.

Channel systems Calorex [2] are known, which provide drainage, supply and exhaust ventilation, air heating and heat recovery in private and public pools (including those located in basements) and, thanks to energy-saving technologies, minimize operating costs. These are complex installations for heating and ventilation of the pool, as well as maintaining the required water temperature. For example, in the Variheat-3 AW model, in addition to the drainage circuit, a heat exchanger for heating pool water with hot water from the heating system, a heat recovery system and a water heater for heating the air are installed. If necessary, dehumidifiers can be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation units and an electric air heater.

When the dehumidifier is located in the basement, air is supplied from below. Also requires the installation of a supply and exhaust ventilation module. Although the supply and exhaust system in this solution is effective, the system itself is very expensive and energy-intensive due to the operation of the dehumidifier.

The ventilation efficiency increases if the exhaust ducts are moved outside the roof. In multi-apartment buildings, for this purpose, special channels are provided in the walls, or asbestos-cement or metal pipes with a diameter of 10-15 cm are installed outside the house. In houses of frame construction, ventilation pipes can be hidden inside the frame.

However, already in a newly built multi-apartment building, it is practically impossible to provide both supply and exhaust ventilation flow without removing the ventilation pipes outside the building. For example, an exhaust pipe for effective ventilation must have its end above the roof of the building, and a segment of it located directly in the room must be covered with insulation and insulated.

Obtaining permission to install pipes above the roof of the building, and even laying pipes with fastening outside the building, is problematic. In some cases, obtaining such permission requires the consent of all tenants through whose apartments the ventilation duct passes to the roof. But the biggest drawback of such a system is its high cost.

If the apartment building has more than 12 floors, then the removal of ventilation to the roof turns into expenses that will not pay off for a very long time from the benefits of using the additional basement area.

Effect: provides ease of arrangement of ventilation of the basement and its effectiveness without significant energy consumption.

Utility Model Implementation

The claimed technical result is achieved due to the fact that the ventilation system of the basement of an apartment building, made on the basis of special openings with supply and exhaust ventilation channels, and the exhaust channel is brought into the smoke exhaust shaft of the building.

In addition, the ventilation windows on the outside are covered with louvres.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. a structural diagram of the ventilation system of the basement of an apartment building is shown, where 1 is the building, 2 is the space of the rooms on the floors of the building, 4 is the basement, 5 is the floor, 6 is the shaft of the smoke exhaust system of the building, 7 is the outlet pipe, 8 is the electric motor of the smoke removal system , rotating exhaust fan when the fire alarm system is turned on, 10 - smoke exhaust fan, 12 - smoke exhaust valves on floors, 13 - supply duct of the basement, 14 - exhaust duct of the basement, 15 - direction the circulation of the air flow in the basement, 16 - valve, 17 - the level of the earth's surface in the building.

Utility Model Implementation

The ventilation system of the basement of an apartment building (see Fig.) Can be implemented using special openings with inlet (13) and exhaust (14) ventilation ducts. They are usually located on opposite sides of the basement. The window of the supply (13) ventilation from the outside can be closed by a louvre grille (not shown in the drawing).

The exhaust duct (14) is brought into the shaft (6) of the smoke exhaust system of the building (1). This can be done by inserting into the riser (6) another channel (14) through the overlap between the basement and the first floor and ending with a valve (16) similar to the valve (12).

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the valve (16) installed in the exhaust duct (14) is in the open state and the ventilation of the basement will occur due to natural draft, taking into account the height of the column of the smoke extraction shaft.

In the normal state without emergency and fire, the electric motor (8) is in the off state. The smoke exhaust system is activated during a fire in a building or smoke by turning on the electric motor (8), which rotates the fan (10). In this case, the valve (16) automatically closes, which ensures the efficient operation of the smoke exhaust system.

Preferably, the supply duct (15) of the ventilation system of the basement is located near the floor, and the exhaust (14) under the ceiling. However, in basements below ground level this is not always possible. And then the supply duct (15) is made where possible, but below the height of the exhaust duct (14). It is preferable to close the supply ventilation window from the outside with a louvre grille to adjust the air flow direction.

Information sources:

1.http: //mypapir.ru/tisje/123.html

2. http://www.osush.ru/rub_2_5_5_2_2.htm

Claims (2)

1. The ventilation system of the basement of an apartment building, made on the basis of special openings with supply and exhaust ventilation ducts, characterized in that the exhaust duct is brought into the shaft of the smoke exhaust system of the building. 2. The ventilation system of the basement of an apartment building according to claim 1, characterized in that the supply ventilation window on the outside is closed by a louvre grille.