RU51256U1 - FORGET PROTECTED CONTACTLESS SMART CARDS MICROCONTROLLER (OPTIONS) - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to information carriers made in the form of microcontroller smart cards and intended for storing and transmitting identification data, and can be used to identify a person using passport and visa documents into which these information carriers are built. The technical result of the claimed utility model is to increase the security of microcontroller smart cards from forgery (tampering). For this, the ends of the contacts of the input-output port located on the substrate, on which the smart card also has a microcontroller and memory, are made of a metal transponder, which ensures the formation of a certain frequency when a read signal arrives from an external second reader.

Description

The utility model relates to information carriers made in the form of microcontroller smart cards and intended for storing and transmitting identification data, and can be used to identify a person using passport and visa documents into which these information carriers are built.

Passport and visa documents (electronic passport) of a new generation are understood to be: documents proving the identity of a citizen of the Russian Federation outside the territory of the Russian Federation (passport, diplomatic passport, service passport, sailor's passport (sailor's identification card), according to which citizens of the Russian Federation leave Russian Federation and entry into the Russian Federation; visas issued by authorized state bodies, which are permission to enter the Russian Federation and travel Passage through the territory of the Russian Federation according to valid documents proving the identity of a foreign citizen or stateless person and recognized by the Russian Federation as such; a residence permit issued to a foreign citizen or stateless person in confirmation of their right to permanent residence in the Russian Federation, as well as their right to freely leave the Russian Federation and enter the Russian Federation; refugee travel document issued to a foreign citizen recognized in time In accordance with federal law, in the territory of the Russian Federation, a refugee, through which he can leave the Russian Federation and enter the Russian Federation.

Known passive integrated transponders (transponders), which are used for identification, are described in US patents No. 5281855, 01/25/1994 and No. 6400338, 06/04/2002.

The term "transponder" is formed by combining the two words -transmitter - "transmitter" and responder - "responder". Another name for integrated transponders (transponders) is Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), another name is a contactless radio frequency passive transponder.

The radio frequency identifier (transponder) consists of the following components: capacitor, antenna and integrated circuit (microchip).

The disadvantage of the described devices is that they do not have a large non-volatile electrical reprogrammed memory (EEPROM), which is necessary, at least from 16 kBit to 32 kBit, for storing biometric data (digital photos, digital fingerprint data, etc.) and the possibility of faking a microchip.

Contactless smart cards (smart cards) use contactless smart cards, microcontrollers for RFID systems, Philips MIRAFE® technology, which are widely known in the art and described, for example, in the journal Electronic Components, No. 3 of 2002, pp. 46-51, in an article by Alexander Krakhmalev "Electronic components for identification systems."

The term "contactless smart card microcontroller" should be understood as the following names: a microcircuit, for example, I-CODE 1 and I-CADE SLI, as described in the article above, or a microcontroller of an intelligent card, as shown on the website of ANGSTREM OJSC - vel.pdf - (KB5004BE1-MICROCONTROLLER INTELLIGENT CARD), or microprocessor, as described in US patent No. 611506, 08/29/2000.

In a private embodiment, a contactless smart card microcontroller with a radio frequency of 13.56 MHz contains: non-volatile

at least 32 Kb electrical reprogrammed memory (EEPROM), central processing unit (CPU), once-programmable memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), cryptoprocessors, radio information input / output interface (I / O) and input / output port.

However, such smart card microcontrollers have a drawback - they have a very poor degree of protection against fake.

Known smart card microcontroller described in US patent No. 6557754, 05/06/2003, which contains a processor, memory and input-output interface. The disadvantage is the ability to modify data through the I / O interface, i.e. low security against falsification.

A known smart card is described in US patent No. 6634565, 10.21.2003, which contains a substrate with contacts for connecting a microcontroller.

The disadvantage is low protection against fake.

The physical Stark-Zeeman effect is known, which is based on Nuclear Magnetic Resonances (NMR) of certain ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic metals and alloys, for example, MnFe ₂ O ₄ , the so-called metal transponders, which used for identification described in US patent No. 5986550, 16.011.1999.

The term “metal-transponder” in a utility model is understood to mean a ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic metal or alloy having the properties of nuclear magnetic resonance due to electric / magnetic dipole or tunnel junctions between the Stark-Zeeman levels, which has at least two resonance frequencies.

The reader transmits energy at frequencies from 1 MHz to 1 GHz to the metal transponder, and after some time a response arrives at the frequency of nuclear magnetic resonance, which corresponds uniquely to the metal transponder, which is recorded by the reader, i.e. identification takes place

according to the principle: metal-transponder is the frequency of nuclear magnetic resonance. Since the substance of transponder metals is in diameter from 2μm (microns), their placement on paper or other media becomes invisible.

The disadvantage is the impossibility of associating the individual frequency with other identification systems (including biometric), which does not allow to increase the security of smart cards of microcontrollers.

Thus, the technical result of the claimed utility model is to increase the security of microcontroller smart cards from forgery (tampering).

This result is achieved due to the fact that, according to the first embodiment, a contactless smart card microcontroller protected against counterfeiting, is a microcontroller made on a substrate and containing a memory connected to the microcontroller information input-output by its input-output, the substrate having an input-output port consisting of N contacts, one ends of which are connected to the second input-output of the microcontroller, and the second ends of some contacts of the I / O port are connected to the contacts of the antenna, designed for non-contact energy reception and data transfer, respectively, from / to an external non-contact radio frequency reader at a frequency of 13.56 MHz, and the second ends of the other contacts of the I / O port are designed to connect to an external data reader designed to read data from the aforementioned microcontroller, while the second end of each said port contact I / O is made of a metal transponder selected from the following group:

- ferromagnetic metals and their alloys;

- antiferromagnetic metals and their alloys;

- ferrimagnetic metals and their alloys,

wherein the second external frequency reader is configured to supply a read signal to at least one of

contacts of the input-output port, which is not connected to the contact of the aforementioned antenna or the contact of an external data reader, and receiving a response signal with a given frequency, which is formed by the metal transponder of this substrate contact.

Preferably, N = 8, and also that the second ends of the four pins of the I / O port are connected to the contacts of the antenna.

According to the second embodiment, a fake-protected contactless smart card microcontroller made on a substrate and containing a memory for storing identification data used in identifying a person, said memory being connected to the information input-output of the microcontroller by its input / output, the substrate being has an input-output port consisting of eight contacts, one ends of which are connected to the second input-output of the microcontroller, and the second ends of the four contacts of the input-output port connected to the contacts of the antenna, made with the possibility of contactless reception of energy and the transmission of identification data, respectively, from / to an external contactless radio frequency reader at a frequency of 13.56 MHz, and the second ends of the other contacts of the input / output port are designed to connect to an external data reader designed for reading data from said microcontroller, wherein the second end of each said input / output port pin is made of a metal transponder selected from the following group:

- ferromagnetic metals and their alloys;

- antiferromagnetic metals and their alloys;

- ferrimagnetic metals and their alloys,

and the second external frequency reader is configured to supply a reading signal to at least one of the contacts of the input-output port, which is not connected to the contact of the aforementioned antenna or the contact of the external data reader, and receiving a response signal with

given frequency, which is formed by the metal - transponder of this contact of the substrate.

The claimed utility model is illustrated by the following drawings:

figure 1, which shows the General structure of the claimed smart card microcontroller when interacting with external readers; figure 2, which shows a structural diagram of the claimed smart card microcontroller.

As can be seen from figure 1, 2, the declared contactless smart card microcontroller 1 is made on a substrate 12, which is embedded in the passport and visa document 3, while as can be seen from figure 2, the smart card microcontroller 1 consists of a microcontroller (processor) 13 and a memory 14 associated with the microcontroller 13. Memory 14 consists of a non-volatile electrically reprogrammed memory (EEPROM), once-programmable memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM). EEPROM memory is intended for storing identification data used for identification of a person, and RAM and ROM memory are intended for storing programs necessary for the operation of smart cards of the microcontroller.

In addition, the substrate 12 has an input-output port 15, which, as shown in figure 2, consists of N contacts: 2.1, 2.2, ... 2.N. Most preferred are eight contacts.

One ends of the contacts 2.1-2.N are connected to the microcontroller 13. The second ends of the four contacts are connected to the contacts 16.1 and 16.2 of the antenna, which is designed for contactless energy reception and transmission of identification data, respectively, from / to an external contactless RF reader 5 at a frequency of 13.56 MHz . It should be noted here that this reader 5 also has an antenna 4, which transmits energy and receives identification data from the antenna located on the cover of the passport and visa document 3. In addition, a clock generator 6 is connected to this reader 5, which

provides frequency generation for the reader 5. The received data from the reader 5 is fed to the second (external) microcontroller 11, as shown in figure 1.

It should be noted here that the antenna of the microcontroller and the antenna 4 of the reader 5 form a contactless interface according to the ISO / IEC 14443A standard.

In addition, the second ends of the part of the contacts 2.1-2.N, which are not connected to the terminals 16.1 and 16.2 of the antenna, are connected to the contacts of the external data reader 10, designed to read data from the microcontroller 1. These contacts also form an interface according to ISO / IEC 7816 The reader 10 also connects to the microcontroller 11.

In addition, all the second ends of the mentioned contacts 2.1-2.N are made of metal - transponder selected from the following group:

- ferromagnetic metals and their alloys;

- antiferromagnetic metals and their alloys;

- ferrimagnetic metals and their alloys.

Such metal transponders make it possible to form a certain frequency upon receipt of an appropriate read signal from the second external reader 8 at these ends of the contacts.

It should be noted here that the ends of the various contacts are made of the various metals mentioned or their alloys. This embodiment leads to the fact that at different ends of the contacts a different frequency is formed.

An external reader 8 is also connected to a second clock generator 9, which provides frequency generation for a reader 8. To transmit a read signal and receive a signal (response to a read signal), an antenna 7 is provided in the reader 8. In addition, the reader 8 is also connected to a second microcontroller eleven.

Consider the structure and operation of the claimed device 1.

Biometric (identification) data pre-recorded in the memory 14 of the smart cards of the microcontroller 1 can be read by contact using a reader 10 in accordance with ISO / IEC 7816.

The second ends of the contact part 2.1-2.N, which are not connected to the antenna contacts 16.1 and 16.2, are connected to the contacts of an external data reader 10, designed to read data from microcontroller 1. These contacts also form an interface according to ISO / IEC 7816. Reader 10 also connected to the microcontroller 11, from which the received data from the memory 14 enters the biometric system (not shown).

As can be seen from the drawing of FIG. 1, the smart card microcontroller 1 contains a first antenna (not shown in the drawing), which is connected to contacts 2.2-2.3, 2.6-2.7, designed to receive energy and transmit data from the memory 14 of the smart cards of the microcontroller 12 at a frequency of the radio channel 13.56 MHz from / to the antenna 4 of the reader 5. Activation of smart cards of the microcontroller 1 is carried out using the reader 5. At a frequency of 13, 56 MHz from the antenna 4 of the reader 5, energy is transmitted to the antenna, which is connected to contacts 2.2 - 2.3 , 2.6 - 2.7 microcontroller smart cards 1. Adopted by The laser arrives at the radio frequency interface (not shown in the drawing), which contains an energy storage device (not shown in the drawing), where energy is transferred to the smart card devices of microcontroller 1, which read the identification information of the object (digital photo, etc.), recorded in non-volatile electrical reprogrammed memory (EEPROM) 14. After some time (seconds) through the antenna card of the smart cards of the microcontroller 1 is built into the cover of the passport and visa document 3 (in the drawing e shown) identification data (digital photo, etc.) is transmitted to the antenna 4 of the reader 5. The reader 5 through the microcontroller 11 and the input / output port (not shown) shows

the received data to the server of the biometric system, where the identification data of the microcontroller 1 smart cards pre-recorded in the non-volatile electric reprogrammed memory (EEPROM) 14 is compared with the personal credentials of the object previously stored in the server database, i.e. identification of the object is carried out.

In smart cards of the microcontroller 1, as can be seen from the drawing of figure 2, a non-volatile electrical reprogrammed memory (EEPROM) 14 is built-in.

Non-volatile electrical reprogrammed memory (EEPROM) 14, which ranges from 32 Kbps to 72 Kbps, contains information about the object: digital photographs, digital fingerprints, digital data in the passport and visa department (service) with software and hardware.

The microcontroller 13 (or the central processor - CPU) provides control of all peripheral elements, performs computational operations and cryptographic conversions of the smart cards of microcontroller 1. The microcontroller 13, using the memory management device (not shown in the drawing), provides memory allocation and management of programs recorded in a one-time programmable memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM) (not shown in the drawing), which are designed to store the operating system and micro-card programs of microcontrol Lera 1.

The program memory is located in the ROM memory area (not shown in the drawing) and is programmed at the factory of the smart card manufacturer of microcontroller 1, and this process is called crystal masking. It is associated with technological operations for the manufacture of silicon wafers, so it is very expensive. Masking is economically feasible when ordering several hundred thousand crystals. The microcontroller 1 smart card program is created in the form

operating system. This provides flexibility in application, allows you to create universal tools for many user applications and guarantees independence from operating system developers when creating their own applications.

The operating system of the smart cards of microcontroller 1 is functionally similar to the operating system of a computer: it has file-based data organization, protects it from unauthorized access, delimiting user rights, controls interfaces and input-output ports and its own peripherals (EEPROM, timer, and other devices), allows you to run user applications, executes operating system commands and service functions. The basic requirements for the operating system are set out in the international standard ISO 7816 part 4.

In addition to the main purpose, the EEPROM 14 memory allows you to place part of the program code that is executed. This makes it possible to program non-standard applications without costly masking operations. However, it should be borne in mind that the size of the EEPROM 14 memory significantly affects the cost of smart cards of microcontroller 1. Therefore, for large projects, it is advisable to transfer the code of a special application to the ROM memory area. This operation is usually performed in stages.

Recent advances in production technology allow the addition of DES crypto-processor, RSA crypto-processor, AES crypto-processor (not shown in the drawing), as well as increasing the capacity of 13 microcontrollers from 8 bits to 16 bits, ROM memory sizes up to 64 Kbytes, EEPROM 14 - up to 72 Kbytes.

The architecture of the smart cards of microcontroller 1 and its own operating system make it possible to efficiently implement hardware support for national cryptographic algorithms (for example, Russian GOST R

34.10-2001, GOST 28147-89, GOST R 34.11 94) and submit this implementation together with the source codes for certification to the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation.

At various stages of the production of smart cards of microcontrollers 1, technological methods are used that make it difficult to recreate the structure and obtain secret information. Multilayer structures of smart cards of microcontrollers 1 (up to 22 layers) are created, the critical parts of the circuit: ROM memory and EEPROM 14 memory are placed inside, additional metallization layers are introduced. Internal tension and external metallization protect the smart card microcontroller 12 from optical and electronic scanning, ensuring its destruction during layer-by-layer cutting. The lack of a common bus and the mixing of the structure of the functional blocks of microcontroller 1, RAM, ROM and EEPROM 14 create great difficulties in determining the structure of smart cards of microcontroller 1. However, counterfeiting smart cards of microcontrollers is still possible.

The drawing of figure 2 shows a metal transponder 17.1-17.N, which has at least two resonance frequencies and consists of a ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic metal or alloy having the properties of nuclear magnetic resonance due to electric / magnetic dipole or tunnel junctions between the Stark-Zeeman levels and is integrated into the contacts of the I / O port 2.1-2.N.

Ferromagnetic metals or alloys have a spontaneous magnetic moment. Antiferromagnetic metals and alloys include substances in which complete (or almost complete) compensation of the moments of individual ions occurs. Ferrimagnetic metals or alloys include materials in which there are sublattices that are not equivalent in crystallographic and (or) in magnetic terms.

Since the substance of transponder metals is in diameter from 2μm (microns), they are referred to nanotechnology, therefore, their placement on

I / O port pins 2.1-2.N. or other media become invisible.

The reader 8 includes an antenna 7, a receiver and a transmitter (not shown), which operate in the frequency range from 1 MHz to 1 GHz. The reader 8 through the antenna 7 transfers energy to the metal transponder 17.1-17.N, which is built into the contacts of the input-output port 2.1-2.N.

Due to the electric / magnetic dipole or tunnel junctions between the Stark-Zeeman levels in the metal transponder 17.1-17.N, nuclear magnetic resonance occurs, which allows a response. The reader 8 receives a unique frequency from the metal transponder 17.1-17.N, which is built into the contacts of the I / O port 2.1-2.N.

The drawing of figure 2 shows the principle of operation of one of the variants of the metal transponder 17.1-17.N, which has at least two resonance frequencies and consists of a ferrimagnetic alloy having the properties of nuclear magnetic resonance due to electric / magnetic dipole or tunnel junctions between Stark - Zeeman levels. When a metal-transponder is irradiated with a reader 8 at a frequency of 536 MHz, in a layer of a ferrimagnetic alloy 17.1, for example, MnFe ₂ O ₄ spinel ferrite, at the Stark-Zeeman levels a nuclear magnetic resonance effect occurs, which is unambiguously detected by reader 8, for MnFe spinel ferrite ₂ O ₄ at a frequency f1 = 536 MHz + 10.7 MHz = 546.7 MHz, where the frequency of 10.7 MHz is the resonance frequency of the MnFe ₂ O ₄ ferrite spinel, and the frequency 536 MHz is the excitation frequency received from reader 8 through the antenna 7.

Since the input port of the output 15 of smart cards of the microcontroller 1 can contain N contacts (2.1, 2.2, ... 2.N), the metal transponder 17.1-17N can contain several layers (from one to N) of a ferrimagnetic alloy, for example, layer 17.1. - MgFe ₂ O ₄ , layer 17.2. - NiFe ₂ O ₄ and layer 17.N - LiFe ₂ O ₄ , then

repeat the combination of layers to which the unique frequencies of nuclear magnetic resonance uniquely correspond, for example, layer 17.1. -MgFe ₂ O ₄ has a frequency f1, layer 17.2. - NiFe ₂ O ₄ has a frequency of f2 and layer 17.N-LiFe ₂ O ₄ has a frequency of fN, it is impossible to become, which increases the security of microcontroller smart cards from forgery.

The combination of software, hardware and technological measures used in smart cards of microcontroller 1, as well as cryptographic protection of information using algorithms of guaranteed durability, exclude the possibility of accessing data stored in the memory of 14 smart cards of microcontroller 1, and the use of metal - transponder is guaranteed to protect smart card microcontroller 1 against copying, emulation and unauthorized reuse.

Thus, by introducing 15 smart cards of the controller 1 metal - transponder 17.1-17.N operating at frequencies from 1 MHz to 1 GHz into the 2.1.-2.N contacts of the I / O port, the utility model problem is solved: increasing the security against falsification smart card microcontroller.

For the first time in the world, five revolutionary technologies have been used to protect against counterfeiting (falsification): microprocessor smart card technology, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology, biometric technology, Nuclear Magnetic Resonances (NMR) metal transponder technology ) and nanomaterial technology.

The manufacture of the device 1 shown in Fig.1-2, is carried out from typical elements.

Reader 5, for example, based on Atmel U2270B and M44C260 microcircuits. Contactless smart card microcontroller 1, for example, based on the Philips P5CD072 or P5ST072 chips.

Metal - transponder (an example for eight contacts is given) 17.1-17.8, can consist of ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic metal or alloys (for example, 17.1 - MgFe ₂ O ₄ , 17.2 - NiFe ₂ O ₄ , 17.3 - LiFe ₂ O ₄ , 17.4 - CuFe ₂ O ₄ , 17.5 - ZnFe ₂ O ₄ , 17.6 - CoFe ₂ O ₄ , 17.7 - MnCO ₃ , 17.8 - MnFe ₂ O ₄ ) possessing nuclear magnetic resonance properties. Nanotechnology for the manufacture of metal transponders allows one to obtain substances with a diameter of 2 μm (microns), placing them on the contacts of the input-output port 2.1-2.N. is carried out by vacuum spraying methods known in the literature or other technologies, for example, soldering.

Prototypes of smart cards of microcontrollers 1 are made. Tests have shown that they meet the requirements of the ISO / IEC 14443-2 standard and MIRAFE® Radio Frequency Identification Technology (RFID), the Biometric Identification Record (BIR) approved by the BioAPI specification (version 1.1) ) under ANSI / INCITS 358-2002.

Claims (4)

1. A fake-protected contactless smart card microcontroller made on a substrate and containing a memory connected to the information input-output of the microcontroller by its input-output, the substrate has an input-output port consisting of N contacts, one ends of which are connected to the second microcontroller input-output, and the second ends of some of the contacts of the input-output port are connected to the contacts of the antenna, designed for non-contact energy reception and data transmission, respectively, from / to an external non-contact radio clock a total reader at a frequency of 13.56 MHz, and the second ends of the other contacts of the input-output port are designed to connect to an external data reader designed to read data from the said microcontroller, while the second end of each said contact of the input-output port is made of a metal transponder selected from the following group: ferromagnetic metals and their alloys; antiferromagnetic metals and their alloys; ferrimagnetic metals and their alloys, the second external frequency reader configured to supply a read signal to at least one of the contacts of the input / output port, which is not connected to the contact of the aforementioned antenna or the contact of an external data reader, and to receive a response signal with a given frequency, which is formed by the metal transponder of this contact of the substrate. 2. The microcontroller according to claim 1, characterized in that N = 8. 3. The microcontroller according to claim 2, characterized in that the second ends of the four contacts of the I / O port are connected to the contacts of the antenna. 4. A fake-protected non-contact smart card microcontroller made on a substrate and containing a memory designed to store identification data used to identify a person, while the mentioned memory is connected with the input-output of the microcontroller with its input-output, the substrate has a port input-output, consisting of eight contacts, one ends of which are connected to the second input-output of the microcontroller, and the second ends of the four contacts of the input-output port are connected to the contacts data, made with the possibility of contactless energy reception and transmission of identification data, respectively, from / to an external contactless radio frequency reader at a frequency of 13.56 MHz, and the second ends of the other contacts of the input-output port are designed to connect to an external data reader designed to read data from the aforementioned microcontroller, while the second end of each of the said I / O port pin is made of a metal transponder selected from the following group: ferromagnetic metals and their alloy and you; antiferromagnetic metals and their alloys; ferrimagnetic metals and their alloys, and the second external frequency reader is configured to supply a reading signal to at least one of the contacts of the input-output port, which is not connected to the contact of the aforementioned antenna or the contact of an external data reader, and receiving a response signal from a predetermined the frequency that is formed by the metal transponder of this substrate contact.