RU2764739C1 - Method for increasing the productivity of laying hens - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular to a method for increasing the productivity of laying hens. The method is characterized by the fact that a mixture consisting of a coniferous-energy additive and an aqueous extract of marigold petals is introduced into the main diet of laying hens for 90 days in an amount of 0.8% of the weight of feed, with the following ratio of the initial components, wt. %: coniferous-energy additive 95.0, aqueous extract of marigold petals 5.0. An aqueous extract from marigold petals is obtained by extraction at a temperature of 90-100°C for 1 hour with a liquid module of 1:5.

EFFECT: use of the invention will increase the productivity of laying hens.

1 cl, 8 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to poultry farming and can be used to feed farm birds with a balanced diet.

Industrial poultry farming is one of the highly specialized branches of the agro-industrial complex, which is a complex integrated system that provides all processes from poultry reproduction to the production and sale of finished products [Fisinin V., Egorov I. Modern approaches to poultry feeding / poultry farming-2011. - No. 3. - S. 7-9 (1)].

The main direction that makes it possible to maximize the genetic potential of the bird is to provide it with biologically active feeding [Gorlov I.F., Varakin A.T., Cheprasova O.V. and others. An effective feed additive for broiler chickens / Feed production. - 2007. - No. 10. - S. 25-27 (2)].

Today, from the standpoint of modern ideas about a full-fledged balanced feeding of poultry, the need to use biologically active additives in diets is justified. Their rational use is based on increasing the productive action, increasing the transformation of nutrients that increase the digestibility and efficiency of the use of nutrient rations [Gorlov I.F., Cheprasova O.V., Klochkov M.M. Reserves for increasing the efficiency of production of food eggs / News of the Nizhnevolzhsky agro-university complex: science and higher professional education. - 2008. - No. 3 (11). - S. 78-84 (3)].

Feed additives of plant origin (phytobiotics or herbal supplements) are considered the best alternative to widely used and well-established antibiotic growth stimulants (organic acids and probiotics) [Egorov I.A., Andrianova E.N., Prisyazhnaya L.M. Application of Verva and fir flour in feed for broiler chickens / Poultry and poultry products. - 2007. - No. 6. - S.39-41 (4)].

Preparations from coniferous trees and shrubs are widely used in medicine and veterinary medicine. Their introduction is due to the presence of biologically active substances in the preparations, which, when introduced into the body, even in very small quantities, cause a certain physiological effect. [Solovyeva, L.F. The use of coniferous extract in beekeeping [Electronic resource] / http://bee.inff.by/4577rk10240.html. Date of access: 11/12/2018(5)].

At present, the use of forest processing waste in feeding animals and poultry has become more active. New technologies for the production of non-traditional feed are being introduced, the use of which contributes to solving not only economic problems, but also environmental ones. Needles are an important natural source of replenishment of feed with vitamins. 1 kg of dry matter of pine needles or spruce contains an average of 350-360 mg of carotene, vitamins of group B and vitamins C, E, K, etc. In terms of the content of vitamins of group B, needles, especially pine needles, surpass the greens of cereals and are not inferior to alfalfa . The needles contain chlorophyll and xanthophyll, which play an important role in metabolism, as well as a large amount of phytoncides that protect animals from intestinal diseases.

It has been established that feeding needles to domestic animals helps to prevent beriberi and increase their productivity, while meat yield does not decrease and its quality does not deteriorate. The use of fresh crushed needles in experiments on young cattle reduced feed costs per unit of production by 5-10% compared to control data. Pine needles contain iron, manganese, copper, zinc, cobalt, potassium, sodium, calcium, etc. The high content of cobalt in needles explains the therapeutic effect of feeding it to cattle. In addition, the needles contain resinous substances, essential oils and phytoncides, which have a bacteriostatic effect on the intestinal microflora [RF Patent No. 2676724. Method of feeding highly productive cows I Publ. 01/10/2019. Bull. No. 1 (6); Yurin D.A., Osepchuk D.V., Yurina N.A., Danilova A.A., Maksim E.A., Korotkiy V.P., Ryzhov V.A. The use of phytoadditives in feeding sturgeons // Collection of scientific works of the Krasnodar Scientific Center for Zootechnics and Veterinary Medicine. - 2020. - Vol. 9. - No. 1. - S. 198-203 (7)].

Tree greens and products of its processing are a large reserve for the production of vitamin-protein and growth-stimulating feed additives [Fresh needles and its use in agriculture [Electronic resource] https://shmel1174.ru/articles/53-hvova-hoz-1425. Retrieved 11/21/2020(8)].

The Institute of Chemistry, Komi Scientific Center URORAS, has developed a feed additive for animals and poultry, Verva, which has a growth-stimulating effect in growing broilers, improves poultry productivity and reduces feed costs per unit of production. The drug is non-toxic, has a pronounced virucidal effect against Newcastle disease and avian influenza viruses, and at concentrations of 0.2-10.0 g/l, it has a protective effect on the bursa of Fabricius in chickens when infected with infectious bursal disease virus (IBD) [Khurshkainen T .V., Dubovoi A.S., Kuchin A.V., Dzhavadov E.D. The study of antiviral and immunomodulatory properties of coniferous feed additives / Poultry. - 2018. - No. 3. - S. 37-41 (9)].

Feeding laying hens of a feed additive, including coniferous flour, helps to improve production indicators, while an increase in the egg production of laying hens by 14-18%, a decrease in poultry mortality by 4-5% and feed consumption per unit of production, an increase in the fertility of eggs ha 2 .4% and hatchability of chickens by 9.2% [Savkova M.G. The use of local feed additives to normalize mineral and vitamin deficiency in chickens / Siberian Bulletin of Agricultural Science. - 2010. - No. 6 (210). - S. 66-71 (10)].

A known method of increasing the productivity of turkeys cross "Universal" [RF Patent No. 2640359. Published 12/28/2017. Bull. No. 1 (11)]. The method is characterized by the fact that a coniferous-energy supplement is introduced into the daily diet of birds in the amount of 4% of the main diet per animal, while an extract from needles based on glycerin is used as an additive. The use of the invention will allow to obtain a high gain in live weight and improve the safety of birds.

The coniferous energy supplement produced by LLC STC "Khiminvest" has a positive effect on the metabolic processes of the body, it was found that the concentration of ALT and ACT increased by 0.5-10.9% in the blood of turkeys [Zagorodnyaya A.E. Influence of the preparation of coniferous energy supplement (CED) on morphometric parameters and liver parameters of turkeys of the "Universal" cross // XLIV Ogaryovskie readings, materials of the scientific conference: in 3 parts. Responsible for the release of P. V. Senin. - 2016. - S.96-100 (12)].

The objective of the present invention is to find a means of increasing the productivity of laying hens in the form of a convenient and inexpensive biologically active feed additive that allows to increase the digestibility of feed, leading to an increase in egg production, an increase in the safety of chickens and egg quality.

As a biologically active feed additive for poultry, a coniferous energy supplement is used [RF Patent No. 2543814. Published 03/10/2015. Bull. 7 (13)] enriched with an aqueous extract of marigold petals obtained by extraction at a temperature of 90-100°C for 1 hour with a liquid module of 1:5, in the following ratio, wt. %: coniferous energy additive - 95.0; aqueous extract of marigold petals - 5.0.

A method for increasing the productivity of laying hens, characterized in that a mixture consisting of a coniferous-energy supplement and an aqueous extract of marigold petals is added to the main diet of laying hens for 90 days in the amount of 0.8% by weight of the feed in the following ratio of initial components, wt. %: coniferous-energy additive - 95.0, aqueous extract of marigold petals 5.0, while an aqueous extract of marigold petals is obtained by extraction at a temperature of 90-100°C for 1 hour with a liquid modulus of 1:5.

In the conditions of the ethno-complex "Kubansky Khutorok" in the city of Yeysk (KFH A.V. Derenchenko) of the Krasnodar Territory, a scientific experiment was carried out to study the effect of the efficiency of feeding the obtained phytonutrients in the composition of compound feeds on the productivity of laying hens of the Hisex Brown cross. To conduct research using the method of pair-analogues, 3 groups of laying hens at the age of 140 days were formed. There were 50 goals in each group, the equalization period lasted 10 days. The birds were kept outdoors (in aviaries), on deep litter with free access to food and water in accordance with the methodology of VNITIP (2013). Drinking was carried out using nipple drinkers. The feed of the experimental groups of laying hens (2, 3) included the studied additive, the hens of the 4th group were added "Biofon yellow" to the main diet according to the experimental scheme (Table 1).

Biofon yellow - feed additive for the production of feed, feed additives and premixes in order to enrich diets with carotenoids and enhance the pigmentation of egg yolks and broiler skin [Biofon yellow. https://agroserver.ru/b/biofon-zheltyy- 353238.htm [Electronic resource]. Retrieved 08.12.2020 (14)]

Table 1 - Scheme of scientific experience, n=50

The conditions of detention were the same and met the recommendations of VNITIP (2013). The structure of the diet and nutritional value for laying hens is presented in table 2.

Table 2 - The structure and nutritional value of the diet for laying hens

The amount of feed for each group of laying hens was strictly normalized, in accordance with their age, according to the recommendations for this cross. According to the feed manufacturer, the poultry diet was completely balanced. Veterinary and preventive measures in all groups were carried out regardless of the conditions of the experiment.

Based on the results of individual stages of the experiment, statistical processing of primary indicators was carried out using the method of variation statistics according to N.P. Plokhinsky (1970). Differences were considered statistically significant at: *- p<0.05; **- p<0.01; ***- p<0.001.

During the period of research, the main zootechnical indicators were studied.

In all experimental periods (in the first, second and third months of oviposition), the egg production of laying hens in the experimental groups was found to be higher than in the control group. For all 3 months of laying in the second experimental group, an increase in the egg production of laying hens by 3.9% was found, compared with the control group (p<0.01), in the third experimental group - by 6.7% (p<0.001), in the fourth - by 2.6% (p<0.05). Also, the use of the studied additive in the diets of laying hens of the third and fourth experimental groups contributed to a decrease in feed costs for the production of 1 dozen eggs, relative to the control group, by 4.2 and 6.7%, respectively, and when feeding Yellow Biofon to laying hens of the fourth groups - by 2.5%, with almost the same feed intake by birds.

In terms of the egg mass obtained from 1 laying hen, there is a tendency to increase in the experimental groups by 5.3, 8.0 and 2.7% due to an increase not only in egg production, but also in the weight of eggs in the second group of laying hens by 0.9 %, in the third - by 1.2%, in the fourth - by 0.3%. An increase in the intensity of oviposition in the second group of birds by 3.6% and in the third group by 6.1%, in the fourth - by 2.3% was established.

Also an important indicator are the morphological indicators of eggs.

From the data of Table 4 it can be seen that relative to the birds of the control group, by the weight of eggs and their components, an increase in the weight of the yolk of chicken eggs was noted in the second group by 3.9% (p<0.05) and in the third group by 4.6% ( p<0.05). The mass of protein practically did not differ in all groups.

It was found that in the second group of laying hens, eggs of the 2nd category were laid less by 2.0%, in the third group - by 7.0%; Category 1 - 4.0% less in the second group, relative to control and selected eggs - 6.0 and 7.0% more, respectively, in groups.

It should be noted that the state of plumage, pigmentation of the legs and the color of the crest were visually better in the experimental groups, which can be associated with an additional intake of needle carotenoids. At the same time, the best pigmentation of the yolks of chicken eggs was noted according to the color scale Roche in the control group was 4 points, in the second experimental group - 6, in the third - 7. At the same time, when feeding the yellow biophone, the pigmentation of the yolk was also equal to 8 points.

The biochemical parameters of a bird's blood reflect the state of health of its body, so this is a very important indicator. The results of the analysis of biochemistry of the blood serum of laying hens are summarized in table 6.

According to the results of the biochemical analysis of the blood serum of laying hens, it was revealed that all the studied indicators were almost at the same level with slight fluctuations.

A significant increase in protein in the blood serum of laying hens in the third experimental group by 2.4% (p<0.05) was established. The content of glucose in the blood serum of birds in the third group was lower than in the control by 7.9% (p<0.05).

An integral part of any zootechnical experience is the determination of live weight and live weight gain of birds.

An increase in the live weight of poultry at the age of 230 days was noted in the second group by 2.3% (p<0.01), in the third - by 3.6% (p<0.001), compared with the control. In the fourth, the difference with the control was 0.8%, we believe that this is due to the fact that the phytogenic feed additive contains an energy component.

The average daily gain in live weight was higher in the second experimental group by 16.1%, in the third group - by 25.8%, in the fourth - by 6.5%, relative to the control group. These indicators indicate that with an increase in egg production, with the introduction of carotene-containing feed additives, there is a tendency to increase the live weight of the bird within the permissible limits for laying hens.

At the end of the experiment, the economic efficiency of using the studied feed phytogenic additive and Biofon yellow in diets for laying hens was calculated (Table 8).

The level of profitability in the production of edible chicken eggs increased relative to the control in the second group by 4.0% and in the third by 4.8%. At the same time, in the fourth group, the difference with the control was 2.2% and 1.9 and 2.6%, compared with the second and third experimental groups.

The use of a feed phytogenic additive produced by STC Khiminvest LLC in the diets of laying hens contributes to an increase in the number of eggs laid on an average laying hen, egg weight, an increase in the number of products of the 1st and selective categories, yolk weight, a decrease in feed costs for the production of 1 dozen eggs, an increase in intensity oviposition and improvement of the biochemical status of the bird.

For 3 months of laying in the second experimental group (when feeding 0.4% by weight of the feed phytogenic additive), an increase in the egg production of laying hens by 3.9% was found, compared with the control group (p<0.01), in the third experimental group (when feeding 0.8% feed additive by feed weight) - by 6.7% (p<0.001). Therefore, the feeding of the lipid-carotenoid phytogenic complex has a positive effect on the egg production of poultry, and with an increase in the dosage, the effect is higher. A positive effect also affected the yield of egg mass from laying hens by 5.3 and 8.0%, respectively, which occurred due to an increase in egg mass by 0.9-1.2%. The improvement in the intensity of pigmentation of the egg yolk in the experimental groups of birds occurred, in our opinion, due to a greater accumulation of carotenoids in the yolk, while an increase in its mass by 3.9% (p<0.05) and 4.6% (p<0 .05).

The use of the studied additive in the diets of laying hens contributed to the reduction of feed costs for the production of 1 dozen eggs by 4.2 and 6.7% with the same feed intake by birds.

It is important that in the second group of laying hens, eggs of the 2nd category were laid less by 2.0%, in the third group - by 7.0%; Category 1 - 4.0% less in the second group, relative to control and selected eggs - 6.0 and 7.0% more, respectively, in groups.

It should be noted that the state of plumage, pigmentation of the legs and the color of the crest were visually better in the experimental groups, which can be associated with an additional intake of needle carotenoids.

An increase in the live weight of poultry at the age of 230 days was noted in the second group by 2.3% (p<0.01), in the third - by 3.6% (p<0.001), compared with the control. This is important for the further egg laying of the bird (up to 480-520 days), and indicates a good reserve of accumulation of nutrients in the body of the bird, which was manifested in an increase in egg productivity in the experiment.

Poultry productivity indicators are closely related to the level of blood homeostasis. The main indicators of the blood serum of laying hens of all groups were within the physiological norm, while the protein metabolism in the body of the bird improved: there was a tendency to increase the protein content in the blood serum of hens of the second group and its significant increase in laying hens in the third group by 2, 4% (p<0.05). The content of glucose in the blood serum of birds in the third group was lower than in the control by 7.9% (p<0.05). Since the productivity indicators in the experimental groups were higher than the control, it can be concluded that the total pool of glucose in the body was not reduced, but was used to a greater extent for the formation of additional products in the form of egg mass production (glucose level norm 7.7-14.4 mmol/ l). The improvement in lipid metabolism in laying hens of the experimental groups is evidenced by a tendency to reduce cholesterol in the blood serum of birds (within physiological norms) by 2.7-6.3%, compared with the control.

When compared with the Biofon yellow feed additive, it was found that the phytogenic feed additive had a better effect on egg production by 4.2%, the difference in live weight was 2.8%. The level of profitability in the production of edible chicken eggs increased relative to the control in the second group by 4.0% and in the third by 4.8%. At the same time, in the fourth group, the difference with the control was 2.2% and 1.9 and 2.6%, compared with the second and third experimental groups.

Sources of information:

1. Fisinin V., Egorov I. Modern approaches to poultry feeding / poultry farming-2011. - No. 3. - S. 7-9.

2. Gorlov I.F., Varakin A.T., Cheprasova O.V. and others. An effective feed additive for broiler chickens / Feed production. - 2007. - No. 10. - S. 25-27.

3. Gorlov I.F., Cheprasova O.V., Klochkov M.M. Reserves for increasing the efficiency of production of food eggs / News of the Nizhnevolzhsky agro-university complex: science and higher professional education. - 2008. - No. 3 (11). - S. 78-84.

4. Egorov I.A., Andrianova E.N., Prisyazhnaya L.M. Application of Verva and fir flour in feed for broiler chickens / Poultry and poultry products. - 2007. - No. 6. - S. 39-41.

5. Solovieva, L.F. The use of coniferous extract in beekeeping [Electronic resource] / http://bee.inff.by/4577rk10240.html. Date of access: 12.11.2018.

6. RF patent No. 2676724. The method of feeding highly productive cows / Publ. 01/10/2019. Bull. No. 1.

7. Yurin D.A., Osepchuk D.V., Yurina N.A., Danilova A.A., Maksim E.A., Korotkiy V.P., Ryzhov V.A. The use of phytoadditives in the feeding of sturgeons // Collection of scientific works of the Krasnodar Scientific Center for Zootechnics and Veterinary Medicine. - 2020. - Vol. 9. - No. 1. - S. 198-203.

8. Fresh needles and its use in agriculture [Electronic resource] https://shmel1174.ru/articles/53-hvova-hoz-1425. Retrieved 11/21/2020.

9. Khurshkainen T.V., Dubovoi A.S., Kuchin A.V., Dzhavadov E.D. The study of antiviral and immunomodulatory properties of coniferous feed additives / Poultry. - 2018. - No. 3. - S. 37-41.

10. Savkova M.G. The use of local feed additives to normalize mineral and vitamin deficiency in chickens / Siberian Bulletin of Agricultural Science. - 2010. - No. 6 (210). - S. 66-71.

11. RF patent No. 2640359. A method for increasing the productivity of turkeys of the "Universal" cross / Publ. 12/28/2017. Bull. No. 1.

12. Zagorodnyaya A.E. Influence of the preparation of coniferous energy supplement (CED) on morphometric parameters and liver parameters of turkeys of the "Universal" cross // XLIV Ogaryovskie readings, materials of the scientific conference: in 3 parts. Responsible for the release of P.V. Senin. - 2016. - S. 96-100.

13. RF patent No. 2543814. Coniferous energy supplement / Publ. 03/10/2015. Bull. 7

14. Biofon yellow. https://agroserver.ru/b/biofon-zheltyy-353238.htm [Electronic resource]. Retrieved 08.12.2020.

Claims (1)

A method for increasing the productivity of laying hens, characterized in that a mixture consisting of a coniferous energy supplement and an aqueous extract of marigold petals is added to the main diet of laying hens for 90 days in the amount of 0.8% by weight of the feed, with the following ratio of initial components , wt.%: coniferous energy additive - 95.0, aqueous extract of marigold petals 5.0, while the aqueous extract of marigold petals is obtained by extraction at a temperature of 90-100°C for 1 hour with a liquid modulus of 1:5.