RU2756847C1 - Method for distribution and transmission of electrical energy for remote loads and system for implementation thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, in particular, to systems for transmission of optical energy for subsequent conversion into another form of energy. The result is achieved by the fact that the system for distribution and transmission of electrical energy for remote loads includes a system for generation and distribution of electrical energy, a laser emission generation apparatus, a system for receiving and converting electrical energy on a remote platform, wherein the system for producing electrical energy by means of current-conducting lines is connected with at least three power converters connected by current-conducting lines with at least one laser emission generation apparatus, a payload and an electrolyser connected by a pipeline with a hydrogen storage tank, by a pipeline with an oxygen storage tank, by a pipeline with a water storage tank connected with a filling and drainage pipeline, and by means of a pipeline with a fuel element.

EFFECT: technical result consists in creating a complex with a system for distribution of electrical energy and conversion of energy into laser emission with transmission thereof to the receiving surface of the converter of thermal energy into electrical energy.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

Technology area

The present invention relates to energy systems. More specifically, the present invention is a system for transmitting optical energy to a remote location for subsequent conversion of the transmitted optical energy into another form of energy, such as heat and electricity, in particular for use at objects remote from energy sources.

State of the art

The task of transferring energy from a source to a consumer is quite urgent today. Along with the classical methods of energy distribution, by means of power lines that directly transmit electric current, other methods of transferring various types of energy are also used. One of the ways to transfer energy over a distance without using direct connecting lines is to transmit microwave radiation and receive it at the consumer's side and convert it into electricity. Conducting activities outside the Earth's atmosphere at the objects of the solar system is associated with the creation of infrastructure for energy supply of economic, industrial and research facilities. Along with a variety of methods for the extraction of energy in outer space and at the objects of the solar system, there is a need for its reliable distribution among users.

Known patent for invention CN 104539062 A "System and method for generating and distributing electricity", including one or more transmitters of microwave radiation in locations on Earth in areas where fuel and energy resources are located. The fuel is converted to electricity at the location, and then the electricity is converted into beams of microwave radiation, transmitted from the microwave transmitter to the distribution satellite in Earth orbit. The distribution satellite then sends one or more microwave beams to rectennas located in the consuming countries at appropriate places to power the power system, or to additional distribution satellites to be directed to rectennas located on the other side of the earth.

Known patent for invention JP 4478031 B2 "Space power generation system", which includes many elements of the space energy system and control system. One or more elements of the power generation system float freely in outer space. The control system supports an array of freely floating elements. The plurality of elements are arranged so as to be able to collect sunlight, electrical energy is generated from the collected sunlight, and electrical energy can be transferred to a predetermined location. In this case, sunlight is transmitted directly and falls on the solar battery, electrical energy is transmitted by conversion into microwave radiation. The disadvantage of this invention is the low density of sunlight, which can be transmitted over a distance and the use of microwave emitters, which requires large areas in the reception and conversion of this radiation into electricity.

Known invention RU91224U1 "Energy space system for power supply in flight of spacecraft", which includes located on the spacecraft power source, power plant (EU), electrochemical generators, water storage tank, hydrogen storage tank, oxygen storage tank, while the inputs electrochemical generators are communicated, for hydrogen - with a tank for storing hydrogen, for oxygen - with a tank for storing oxygen, and the output of electrochemical generators through water is communicated with a tank for storing water, while the outputs of a tank for storing hydrogen and a tank for storing oxygen of the spacecraft of an energy source , during the docking of the spacecraft of the energy source and the spacecraft of the energy consumer, through detachable connections, respectively, they communicate with the inputs of the hydrogen storage tank and the oxygen storage container of the spacecraft of the energy consumer, and the input of the water storage container of the spacecraft of the energy source also communicates through detachable connections with the output storage containers water consumption of the spacecraft of the energy consumer.

The disadvantage of this invention is that it does not provide for the possibility of transferring energy from an energy source to a remote object, the power supply of which implies a direct connection to the conductive lines of the spacecraft.

The closest analogue can be considered the patent for invention US 20180136408 A1 "Optical system for transmission and conversion of energy for a planetary Rover, having a drum fiber spool installed on it" containing a fiber coil and a system for generating electrical energy connected to the coil by an optical waveguide. Optical energy is generated and transmitted from the base station through fiber wrapped around a coil and ultimately enters an energy conversion system on a remote mobile platform for conversion to another form of energy. The fiber spool may be on a remote movable platform, which may be a vehicle or device that is either self-propelled or carried by a secondary movable platform, either on land, under water, in the air or in space.

Conducting economic activities at the objects of the solar system is associated with the movement, transportation of goods, soil and other materials, which can be associated both with the fall of these, and attempts by a rather unpredictable trajectory of movement of the transport platform to avoid an emergency, and the integrity of the fiber along to which energy is supplied to the transport platform, which can lead to energy loss. Since the operation of even one platform when using direct contact with an energy source is rather difficult, when using several transport platforms in one territory it can lead to entanglement and breakage of energy ties. The disadvantages of this invention is the lack of a backup power source on the movable platform. Low reliability of power supply of the transport platform when using the direct contact of the transport platform with the energy source.

Disclosure of invention

The technical problem to be solved by the claimed invention is the reliable supply of energy to a remote consumer in a stationary state, as well as to a remote mobile consumer.

The technical result of the claimed invention consists in creating a complex with a power distribution system, and converting energy into laser radiation, with its transfer to the receiving surface of the converter of thermal energy into electrical energy, while the required temperature of the hot side of the converter is maintained by laser radiation.

To achieve the specified technical result, a system for the distribution and transmission of electricity for remote loads is proposed, including a system for the production and distribution of electrical energy, a device for generating laser radiation, a system for receiving and converting electricity on a remote platform, while a system for generating electrical energy through conductive lines is connected to at least three power converters, which are connected by conductive lines to at least one device for generating laser radiation, a payload and an electrolyzer which is connected by a pipeline to a hydrogen storage tank, by a pipeline with an oxygen storage tank, by a pipeline with a water storage tank, connected to the refueling and discharge pipeline and by means of a pipeline with a fuel cell, which is connected to the payload by means of a heat transfer system and a conductive line, with connected by a gas pipeline with an oxygen storage tank and through a pipeline with a water storage tank, while the fuel cell is connected through pipelines to a pipeline connected to a hydrogen storage tank and a pipeline that is connected to an oxygen storage tank, a gas pipeline is connected to the gas pipeline, connected with an oxygen refueling station with a refueling channel, a gas pipeline is also connected to the gas pipeline, which is connected to a hydrogen refueling station with a refueling channel, the device for generating laser radiation does not contain fiber-optic coils and is connected to a tracking system for the energy transfer object.

A method of distribution and transmission of electricity for remote loads is also proposed, which consists in generating electrical energy, distributing it along high-voltage conductive lines, converting it to the parameters necessary for the operation of a laser with a cooling system, generating a laser beam, transferring electricity to a heat accumulator of a transport platform, followed by conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy, while electricity from the electrical energy production system is converted to the requirements of the payload and is supplied to it; platforms are carried out by means of a laser beam and a tracking system for the object of electricity transmission.

In a preferred embodiment:

the remote platform contains a reversible fuel cell and an electrolyzer connected to cylinders of hydrogen, oxygen and a water storage tank.

The combination of the above essential features leads to the fact that: the consumer is guaranteed to receive energy from the source, while being at a distance from the source, while not having a direct wired connection from the sources.

Brief Description of Drawings

The invention is illustrated by drawings:

FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a power distribution and transmission system for remote loads, the positions are designated:

1 - electrical energy production system

2-6 - voltage conversion device

17, 20, 23 - laser cooling system

18, 21, 24 - laser

19, 22, 25 - tracking system for the object of energy transfer.

42, 43 - transport platform

44 - remote load

27 - electrolyzer

28 - hydrogen storage tank

26 - oxygen storage tank

29 - tank for storing water

31 - hydrogen refueling station

32 - oxygen filling station

33 - fuel element

34 - payload

45-47 - laser beam

7-14, 15, 16, 36 - conductive lines

37, 38, 39, 40, 60, 61 65, 64 - gas pipeline

35, 41, 62, 63 - pipeline

30 - filling / drain line

58, 59 - filling channel

FIG. 2 shows the transport platform, the positions are designated:

48 - heat accumulator

49 - converter of thermal energy into electrical energy

50 - rechargeable battery

51 - oxygen cylinder

52 - hydrogen cylinder

53 - fuel cell

54 - tank for storing water

55 - cockpit

56 - life support system

57 - electric drive motor-wheel

FIG. 3 shows a variant of the distribution and transmission system of electricity by the positions indicated:

1 - electrical energy production system

42 - transport platform

44 - remote load

18 - laser

27 - electrolyzer

33 - fuel element

28 - hydrogen storage tank

26 - oxygen storage tank

29 - tank for storing water

31 - hydrogen refueling station

32 - oxygen filling station

34 - payload

Implementation and examples of implementation of the invention

The claimed technical solution consists of a system for the production of electrical energy, which can be represented by a solar battery, a nuclear power plant, a generator set based on an internal combustion engine, a fuel cell operating on hydrogen or hydrogen-containing fuel, the power distribution system of FIG. 1 and at least 1 device for receiving electricity, such as the transport platform of FIG. 2.

The electrical power generation system 1 of FIG. 1 is connected via conductive lines 7-11 to power conversion devices 2-6, which are connected to conductive lines 10-14. A laser 18 is connected to the current-conducting line 12 - a device for generating laser radiation, a laser cooling system 17, a system for tracking an object of energy transfer 19. A laser 21 is connected to a current-conducting line 13, a laser cooling system 20, a system for tracking an object of energy transfer 22. To a current-conducting line 14, a laser is connected 24 - a device for generating laser radiation, a laser cooling system 23, a system for tracking an object of energy transfer 25. Power converter 6 is connected to a conductive line 16, which is connected to a payload 34. A power converter 5 is connected to a conductive line 15, which is connected to the electrolyzer 27, which is connected by a gas pipeline 64 to a hydrogen storage tank 28, is connected to an oxygen storage tank 26 by a gas pipeline 65, is connected to a water storage tank 29 by a pipeline 63. The water storage tank is connected to a filling / drain line 30 and via pipeline 41 connected to a fuel cell 33, which is connected by means of a heat transfer system 35 and a conductive line 36 to the payload 34, which is connected by a gas pipeline 38 to an oxygen storage tank 26 and through a pipeline 62 to a water storage tank 29. The fuel cell 33 is connected to a gas pipeline 60 with a gas pipeline 37, which is connected to a hydrogen storage tank 28. The fuel cell 33 is connected by a gas pipeline 61 to a gas pipeline 38, which is connected to an oxygen storage tank 26. Gas pipeline 38 is connected to a gas pipeline 40, which is connected to an oxygen filling station 32 to which it is connected refueling channel 59. Gas line 39 is connected to the gas pipeline 37, which is connected to the hydrogen refueling station 31 to which the refueling channel 58 is connected.

The receiving surface of the transport platform of FIG. 2 with a heat accumulator 48 is directly connected to an energy converter 49, which is connected via conductive lines to a battery 50 and can be connected to a reversible fuel cell / electrolyzer 53, which is connected by means of gas pipelines to a hydrogen cylinder 52 and an oxygen cylinder 51 and via pipeline is connected to a tank for storing water 54. The life support system 56 is connected by pipelines to an oxygen cylinder 52 and by a pipeline to a tank for storing water 54, then via a pipeline and a gas pipeline to the cockpit 55. The battery 50 is connected by means of conductive lines to a set of motor -wheels 57.

Implementation

At least one power generation system 1 generates electrical power, which is distributed along high voltage conductive lines 7-11. Through the conductive line 7, the energy enters at least one voltage conversion device 2, in which it is converted to the parameters necessary for the operation of at least one laser, the cooling system 17 of the laser 18 and the system for tracking the object of energy transfer 19. Through the conductive line 12, the energy enters the laser 18, the laser cooling system 17 and the system for tracking the transmission object 19. The laser 18 is attached to the system for tracking the energy transfer object 19 and produces heat exchange with the laser cooling system 17. The laser 18 generates a beam 45, which, by means of the tracking system for the energy transfer object 19, enters to the heat accumulator 48 of the transport platform 42. The heat accumulator 48 of the transport platform 42 is heated under the action of the laser beam 45, thereby creating a temperature difference of the heat-to-electrical converter 49, which can preferably be a Stirling engine. In the heat-to-electrical converter 49, electricity is generated and fed to the storage battery 50, to the life support system 56, to the cockpit 55 and to the electric drive motor-wheels 57 and sets them in motion. Through the current-conducting line 8, the energy enters at least one voltage conversion device 3, in which it is converted to the parameters necessary for the operation of at least one laser 21, the laser cooling system 20 and the system for tracking the object of energy transfer 22. Through the current-conducting line 13, the energy enters the laser 21, a laser cooling system 20 and a system for tracking the transmission object 22. The laser 21 is attached to the tracking system for the energy transfer object 22 and exchanges heat with the laser cooling system 20. The laser 21 generates a beam 46, which, by means of the tracking system for the energy transfer object 22, enters to the heat accumulator 48 of the transport platform 43 in which the energy is converted in the same way as in the transport platform 42. Through the conductive line 9, the energy enters at least one voltage conversion device 4, in which it is converted to the parameters necessary for the operation of at least one laser 24, the system cooling laser 2 3 and the system for tracking the object of energy transfer 25. Through the conductive line 14, the energy enters the laser 24, the cooling system of the laser 23 and the system for tracking the object of transmission 25. The laser 24 is fixed on the tracking system for the object of energy transfer 25 and produces heat exchange with the laser cooling system 23. The laser 24 generates a beam 47, which, by means of the system for tracking the object of energy transfer 25, hits the remote load 44. The unevenness of the lunar surface relief is compensated by the free movement of the tracking system for the object of power consumption 19, 22, 25 vertically and horizontally. In the event that a situation arises in which the transport platform 42, 43 has left the zone of laser action 18, 21, the electrically driven motor-wheels 57, the life support system 56 and the pilot's cabin 55 receive electricity from the storage battery 50 and the fuel cell 53, which generates it by connecting hydrogen gas from the hydrogen cylinder 52 and oxygen gas from the oxygen cylinder 51, as a result of the reaction water is also formed, which is sent from the fuel cell through the pipeline to the water storage tank 54 and to the life support system 56 and to the pilot's cabin 55. After the transport platform 42, 43 entered the field of view of the laser 18, 21, the power supply of the electric drive motor wheels 57 is renewed mainly from the thermal energy converter 49. After performing the necessary activity, the transport platform 42, 43 drains water from the water storage tank 54 by means of a filling / drain pipeline 30 water into a container for storing water 29. Then, through the filling channel 58, it is filled with hydrogen, which is filled with a hydrogen cylinder 52 and through the filling channel 59 fills the oxygen cylinder 51 with oxygen. adapts to the requirements of the payload 34 and is supplied to it via the current-carrying line 16. During the period of surplus electricity from the electric power generation system 1, electricity through the high-voltage conductive line 10 is supplied to the voltage conversion device 5, where it is converted to the operating parameters of the electrolyzer 27 and supplied to it through the conductive line 15. Water stored in at least one tank for storing water 29 through pipeline 63 enters electrolyzer 27, where, under the action of electricity, hydrogen gas and oxygen gas are separated into gas. Hydrogen enters through the gas pipeline 64 into the hydrogen storage tank 28, oxygen enters through the gas pipeline 65 into the oxygen storage tank 26. Hydrogen is distributed through the gas pipeline 37 through the gas pipelines 39 and 60. From the gas pipeline 39, hydrogen enters the hydrogen refueling station 31, from where it enters the filling channel 58. Oxygen from the oxygen storage tank 26 enters the gas pipeline 38 through which it is distributed along the gas pipelines 40, 61 and enters the payload 34. Through the gas pipeline 40 oxygen enters the oxygen filling station 32 from where it enters the filling channel 59. From the gas pipeline 60 hydrogen and from the gas pipeline 61 oxygen is supplied to the fuel cell 33, in which, if necessary, it generates electrical and thermal energy, which is supplied through the conductive line 36 and through the pipeline 35 is supplied to the payload 34. The water formed during the generation of electricity in the fuel cell 33 enters through the pipeline 61 into water storage tank 29. Payload 34 implies the presence of living quarters and people in them, as a result of whose vital activity, when oxygen is consumed, water is formed, which is condensed and sent through a pipeline 62 to a water storage tank 29.

During a lunar day, which lasts approximately 14 Earth days, activities are carried out in which electrical energy from an energy source is enough to support the operation of transport platforms and conduct activities for the extraction of resources and other activities and production of hydrogen and oxygen. During the moonlit night, the extracted resources are sent to Earth. The fuel for the shipment is hydrogen and oxygen produced during the lunar day. The life support of the payload and the necessary transport communication is provided by the generated hydrogen and oxygen.

The power transmission and conversion system for the Lunar Transport Platform may have, but is not limited to, 10 transport platforms, 10 remote charging stations, and 10 different remote loads. In a preferred embodiment, the source of electrical energy can be a photovoltaic station permanently located on the surface of a space body, the energy sources can be a space nuclear power plant. The transport platform is modular, while elements 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56 can be configured as needed, taking into account the operating conditions during a lunar day and lunar night. At the same time, for a moonlit night, the presence of converters of thermal energy into electrical energy is not necessary, while the presence of a storage battery and a fuel cell is necessary.

As a characteristic of the necessary laser radiation in order for the system to work as intended, you can take the parameters dedicated to the development of laser weapons, but there is no publicly available information on the parameters of the laser radiation used in weapons.

The encyclopedia of the Ministry of Defense says that laser weapons can be effectively used to destroy air targets at a distance of up to 6 km. The creation of laser weapons required the development of a high-speed automated control system that would provide detection, identification, capture, tracking of high-speed targets and aiming a laser beam at them with an accuracy of 1 mrad. An accuracy of 1 μrad when tracking a target at a distance of 6 km means that the center of the laser beam can move within a circle with a radius of 3 mm.

The interaction of a combat laser with an object of interaction implies that it is necessary to ablate or melt (burn) the material. In a power distribution system for remote loads, less power or less exposure time is required, since there is no need to burn the surface, but it is enough only to heat it up and keep the temperature at a certain level. In this case, laser radiation with the thermal power of the laser beam, which reaches the receiving surface and amounts to about 60 kW, can be converted into electricity, taking into account the efficiency of the conversion device.

Claims (3)

1. A system for the distribution and transmission of electricity for remote loads, including a system for the production and distribution of electrical energy, a device for generating laser radiation, a system for receiving and converting electricity on a remote platform, characterized in that the system for generating electrical energy 1 is connected to at least three power converters 2-6, which are connected by conductive lines 10-14 with at least one device for generating laser radiation 18, payload 34 and electrolyzer 27, which is connected by means of a pipeline 33 to a hydrogen storage tank 28 by means of a pipeline 31 with a tank for storing oxygen 26, by means of a line 32 with a tank for storing water 29, connected to the filling and discharge line 30, and by means of a line 41 with a fuel cell 33, which is connected by means of a heat transfer system 35 and a conductive line 36 to a useful load 34 connected by means of a gas pipeline 38 to a storage tank for oxygen 26 and through a pipeline 62 to a storage tank 29, while the fuel cell 33 is connected via pipelines 60, 61 to a pipeline 37 connected to a storage tank for hydrogen 28 and a pipeline 38 , which is connected to the oxygen storage tank 26, the gas pipeline 40 is connected to the gas pipeline 38, connected to the oxygen filling station 32 with the filling channel 59, and the gas pipeline 39 is connected to the gas pipeline 37, which is connected to the hydrogen filling station 31 with the filling channel 58, the device generation of laser radiation does not contain fiber-optic coils and is connected to the tracking system for the object of energy transmission. 2. A method of distributing and transmitting electricity for remote loads, which consists in generating electrical energy, distributing it along high voltage conductive lines, converting it to the parameters necessary for the operation of a laser with a cooling system, generating a laser beam, transferring electricity to a heat accumulator of a transport platform, followed by conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy, characterized in that electricity from the electrical energy production system is converted to the requirements of the payload and enters it; The battery of the transport platform is carried out by means of a laser beam and a tracking system for the object of electricity transmission. 3. The system of distribution and transmission of electricity according to claim 1, characterized in that the remote platform contains a reversible fuel cell and an electrolyzer connected to cylinders of hydrogen, oxygen and a water storage tank

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