RU2747874C1 - Method and device for self-learning exercise technique - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: sports.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of sports, and in particular to methods and devices designed to teach athletes the methodology and skills of correct performance of sports exercises. The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the method of independent teaching of the technique of performing exercises differs in that, based on the exercise selected for training, the necessary individual anthropometric indicators of the athlete are removed, sensors are fixed on the trainee's body, recording the dynamic and kinematic indicators of the student, during the exercise they are formed in the field of visibility the trained image of the reference values of the indicators and the actual values of the indicators obtained using the sensors, the mentioned indicators are compared and, if they diverge, the trainee is notified of the need to adjust the actions when performing the exercise to bring the actual indicators to the reference values, while registering the kinematic indicators of the reference and actual values indicators are preferably performed in the form of superimposed photo and video images of silhouettes of the correctly performing exercise and the student, when correcting the actions and the student is guided by images.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase the speed and quality of independent training of an athlete in the technique of performing exercises.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of sports, and in particular to methods and devices intended for teaching athletes the methodology and skills of correct performance of sports exercises [A63B 22/00, A61B 5/16].

A DEVICE AND METHOD FOR INFLUENCING HUMAN MOTOR AUTOMATION [RU 2437685 C2, publ .: 05/20/2020] is known from the prior art, characterized in that it includes at least one working session, including the following operations:

- generate a series of sound pulses (SPi), each of which corresponds to a frequency interval of 200-1500 Hz and a duration (T) of 2-20 s, and the time interval (ΔT) between these pulses is 2-60 s;

- after a person has mentally created an image of a desired gesture or movement, accompanied by associated kinesthetic sensations, the generation of sound impulses is interrupted in order to generate at least one sound associated with kinesthetic sensations (SA), corresponding to a frequency in the range of 2-200 Hz, and duration of 2-60 s .;

- and, upon completion of the generation of the sound associated with kinesthetic sensations (SA), the generation of said sound impulses (SPi) is resumed.

The method according to the invention is carried out by implementing the following protocol, divided into four phases:

1. Analysis of movement:

a) taking snapshots of a subject (e.g. an athlete) in motion;

b) coach's analysis of the execution technique;

c) biomechanical analysis;

d) proprioceptive analysis.

2. Identification by the subject of proprioceptive sensations corresponding to the analyzed gesture by repeating it in slow motion until he is able to remember and mentally reproduce these sensations (without physical reproduction of the gesture).

3. A session of neurophysiological modification of a gesture using a sound pulse generator:

a) the subject stops physical activity and comes to a relaxed state, listening to sound impulses (SPi);

b) modification of the gesture is performed by mutual superposition of the associated sound (SA), controlled by the subject, and mentally formed (without real reproduction) proprioceptive sensations, analyzed and identified in phases 1 and 2.

4. Obtaining, under the same conditions as in phase 1, photographs of the subject in motion and video analysis of the mastered modified gesture.

The disadvantage of the analogue is the lack of visualization of the performance of movements by the athlete, which significantly impairs the speed of training of the athlete.

The closest in technical essence is a DEVICE FOR TRAINING AND CONTROL OF MOTOR ACTIONS OF A SPORTSMAN [SU 1745207 A1, publ .: 07.07.1992], containing a series-connected control panel, a memory unit, a comparator, a registration unit, a corrective action unit, a simulator with sensors of biomechanical characteristics with an indication, the output of which is connected to the second input of the comparator, the second output of the corrective action unit is connected to the second input of the simulator with sensors of biomechanical characteristics, characterized in that in order to accelerate learning by adapting the actions of the subject to the movement model, a series-connected videogram display unit is introduced into it and videogram counter, the output of which is connected to the input of the test subject's control panel, the second output of which is connected to the first input of the videogram display unit, the second input of which is connected to the second input of the corrective action unit.

The main technical problem of the prototype is the lack of visualization of the performance of movements by the athlete, which significantly impairs the quality and speed of the athlete's training due to the need for intuitive conjecture and independent adjustment of the technique of performing the exercise to the correct one, or involving a coach for this.

The objective of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the speed and quality of independent training of an athlete in the technique of performing exercises.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the method of independent teaching the technique of performing exercises, characterized in that, based on the exercise selected for training, the necessary individual anthropometric indicators of the athlete are removed, the sensors recording the dynamic and kinematic indicators of the student are fixed on the body of the trainee, and during the exercise they form in the field of visibility of the trained image of the reference values of the indicators and the actual values of the indicators obtained using the sensors, the mentioned indicators are compared and, if they diverge, the trainee is notified of the need to correct actions when performing the exercise to bring the actual indicators to the reference values, while registering the kinematic indicators of the reference images and actual values of the indicators are preferably performed in the form of superimposed photo-video images of silhouettes of a correctly performing exercise and training the desired, when correcting actions, the student is guided by images.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the device for self-training in the technique of performing exercises, containing a control unit, a memory unit, a comparator, a data collection unit, a corrective action unit, biomechanical sensors and an interface module, characterized in that the sensors are connected to the control unit through a serial connected data acquisition unit and comparator, while the sensors are provided with feedback to the athlete's body, the other output of the data collection unit is connected to the control unit through the simulation unit, the data input unit is connected to the control unit input, and the interface module is connected by one channel to the control unit through the unit synchronization, and others through the corrective action block.

In particular, the interface module is designed as an athlete image display device and a reference image output device.

In particular, the feedback of the sensors is made in the form of electromechanical stimulators.

In particular, the control unit is based on the controller.

In particular, the data input unit is made in the form of information input devices.

Brief Description of Drawings

FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a device for self-teaching exercise technique.

FIG. 2 schematically shows an image of an athlete in his independent training in the technique of taking a typical position in boxing.

FIG. 3 schematically shows an image of an athlete in his independent training in the technique of taking a typical position in boxing with an error in performing the exercise.

The figures indicate: 1 - sensors, 2 - control unit, 3 - interface module, 4 - memory module, 5 - data input unit, 6 - data collection unit, 7 - simulation unit, 8 - comparator, 9 - synchronization unit, 10 - block of corrective actions, 11 - simulator, 12 - playground, 13 - athlete, 14 - boxer image, 15 - athlete image.

Implementation of the invention

The device for self-training in the technique of performing exercises contains sensors 1 (see Fig. 1), control unit 2 and interface module 3. Memory module 4 and data input unit 5 are connected to control unit 2. Sensors 1 are connected to the input of data collection unit 6, output which is connected to the simulation unit 7. The output of the simulation unit 7 is connected to the comparator 8, which is connected to the control unit 2. To the output of the control unit 2, the synchronization unit 9 is connected, connected to the input of the interface module 3. Another output of the control unit 2 is connected to the corrective action unit 10 The outputs of the corrective action unit 10 are connected to the interface module 3 and sensors 1.

The interface module 3 is made in the form of, for example, an interactive display, a TV screen, a monitor or a projection screen.

The sensors 1 are made in the form of a set of myographic and / or spatial and / or spirometric sensors and / or strain gauges and / or pressure sensors, etc. Preferably, the sensors 1 are provided with feedback elements with the user, for example, electrical contacts, vibration elements, etc. with the ability to interact with the user and indicate the sensor to which you need to pay attention.

Control unit 2 is based on the controller.

The data input unit 5 is made in the form of devices for inputting information, for example, a mechanical or touch keyboard, etc.

The method of self-training in the technique of performing exercises is implemented as follows.

Initially, the individual anthropometric indicators of the athlete, such as the total dimensions and proportions of the body, are taken and recorded into the memory module 4 through the control unit 2 using the data input unit 5.

An exercise to be taught to the athlete is selected from the memory module 4 using the interface module 3.

Sensors 1 are fixed on the athlete's body in various places. Each sensor 1 is assigned an identifier, for example, a number or a name.

The athlete stands on the simulator 11, made, for example, in the form of a treadmill, a platform for practicing techniques of contact sports (boxing, hand-to-hand side, martial arts, etc.) and other sports equipment intended for sports activities and takes the starting position. The sensors 1 are calibrated with the possibility of recording in the memory module 4 their zero positions and extreme deviations from zero during the exercise, corresponding to the correct position of the body and limbs of the athlete, the strength of muscle tension, pressure on the element of the simulator, etc. Data of zero positions and extreme deviations of sensors 1 are written into memory module 4.

Simulator 11 is started, if necessary, and the exercise is started.

From the control unit 2 from the memory module 4 through the synchronization unit 9 to the interface module 3 a reference static or dynamic image containing the silhouette of an exemplary athlete performing the exercise correctly is output.

When the athlete performs the exercise, the signals from the sensors 1 are transmitted through the data collection unit 6 to the comparator 8 and to the simulation unit 7.

In the simulation block 7, using the obtained signal values, the position of the body and limbs, the pressure on the element of the simulator (platform), the strength of the athlete's muscle tension are simulated in real time using the obtained signal values, and a static or dynamic image of the athlete's silhouette is formed in the actual position, which is transmitted through the control unit 2 to synchronization block 9.

In the synchronization unit 9, when a valid image of the athlete is obtained, in the presence of a time delay relative to the reference image, the time delay is calculated and a correction for the transmission is introduced to superimpose the actual image on the reference image on the screen of the interface module 3.

Comparator 8 compares the signals received from the sensors 1 with the reference values recorded in the memory module 4. With a significant deviation of the received signal values from the reference ones (incorrect exercise performance), a signal is sent from the comparator 8 to the control unit 2 that stops the reference image (stop- frame) and through the block of corrective actions 10 forms and sends a signal to the athlete to the interface module 3, for example, in the form of a light or sound signal. Also, a signal about improper exercise performance can be sent to sensors 1 equipped with feedback, for example, in the form of an electrical impulse or vibration. Additionally, a signal about improper exercise performance can be sent to the simulator 11 if there are built-in sensors on the simulator 11 (not shown in the figures).

Upon receiving a signal about improper execution of the exercise, the athlete immediately makes corrections to his actions, which, in the form of an image in accordance with the method described above, he can see in real time on the interface module 3 and thereby quickly achieve the correct execution of the exercise, memorizing his mistakes and thus the most to carry out self-study. When the exercise (movement) is performed correctly, the reference image display resumes.

Let us show a variant of using the device by the example of teaching an athlete the technique of taking a typical position in boxing.

Position is the initial position taken by the boxer at the beginning of the fight and maintained by him throughout the fight between the moments of attack and defense. Position has the task of creating the most advantageous position for attack and defense and enable the boxer to remain fully mobile. Therefore, the correct position can only be called one that contributes to the rapid striking and movement of the boxer forward, backward and to the sides.

To teach the technique of taking a typical position in a box, an exercise for teaching a typical position is selected from the memory module 4 using the interface module 3 and a static image of the boxer 14 is displayed on the interface module 2 (see Fig. 2). In this image, the foot of the boxer's left foot is directed forward, the heel is slightly turned outward, the right leg is set half a step back and to the right, the foot is almost parallel to the left foot and slightly raised. The knee of the right leg is slightly bent, the weight of the body is evenly distributed over both legs. The body is turned half-turned to the enemy, the left shoulder is in front and slightly higher than the right. The loin is relaxed and slightly bent. The left arm is bent, part of the arm from shoulder to elbow protects the left side of the chest and heart, the forearm is directed towards the opponent, the fist is a direct continuation of the forearm and is not below the solar plexus and not above the left shoulder. The back of the fist is directed outward. The right arm is bent, part of the arm from shoulder to elbow protects the right side of the chest, the forearm protects the liver and solar plexus, the fist is not below the left nipple and not above the chin. The back of the fist is facing outward. The head is turned half-turned to the left and slightly tilted downward. The chin is lowered, but not tucked into the chest.

Next, the weight, height, length of the shoulder and forearm, thigh and lower leg, the distance from the crown to the waist and from the waist to the foot of the athlete 13 are measured and recorded in the memory module 4, while the control unit 2 corrects the image of the boxer 14 on the interface module 2, bringing it silhouette to proportions of an athlete 13 in scale.

In accordance with the placement of the sensors 1 on the boxer's body, shown in the image of the boxer 14 on the interface module 2 (see Fig. 2), on each of the ankles, knees, waist and chest, elbows and wrists of the athlete 13, sensors 1 are installed and fixed, made by spatial , while each of the sensors 1 has an individual identifier in accordance with its position on the body of the athlete 13.

Preferably, as an initial display, Athlete 13 is shown the entire exercise methodology, from start to finish.

Further, the athlete 13 is located on the platform 12, a step-by-step occupation of a typical position is started and the athlete 13 performs the exercise following the reference image of the boxer 14, repeating the movements of the boxer, fixing the positions of the legs, arms, body. From the sensors 1 to the comparator 8 and the simulation unit 7, a signal is transmitted about their positions in space and, accordingly, the position of the athlete's body 13.

In the modeling unit 7, according to the received signals about the spatial position of the sensors 1, a real static or dynamic image of the silhouette of the athlete 15 is formed and the image is broadcast on the interface module 3.

In the comparator 8, it compares the actual signals from the sensors 1 with the reference values recorded in the memory module 4 for the typical position of the boxer, and in case of a significant deviation of the actual values from the reference ones, a signal is sent to the control unit 2 about the incorrect position of the specific sensor 1.

For example, athlete 13 spread his legs too wide (see Fig. 3). The values of the signals from the sensors 1 installed on the ankles and knees of the athlete 13 after processing in the comparator 8 in this case will differ significantly from the reference values and the comparator 8 sends a signal to the control unit 2 that there is a discrepancy in the readings of specific sensors 1 with the reference values ... At the same time, the control unit 2 stops the reference image of the boxer 14 and through the interface module 2 informs the athlete 13 about the incorrect setting of the legs in the standard position. In this case, the interface module 3 displays an image of the athlete 15 (shown by a dashed line), in which the actual position of the legs of the athlete 13 will differ from the reference image of the position of the legs of the boxer 14.

The sportsman 13, visually analyzing his position using the information displayed on the interface module 3, corrects the position of the legs until the information in the form of an image and / or a notification about taking the correct typical position is displayed on the interface module 2.

Next, the correct position of the body, arms, head of the athlete 13 is practiced with the display of information received from the sensor 1 on the interface module 3 until the athlete 13 acquires skills in performing a typical position and learns the method of performing the exercise with minimal or complete absence of errors bringing the technique of performing the exercise to perfection. At the same time, in addition to mental images and the obtained theory, the athlete uses visual images built on the basis of the received visual information to memorize the technique of performing exercises, as well as the reaction of muscles to external stimuli in the form of electromechanical stimulators combined with sensors 1.

In a similar way, athletes can teach the technique of any exercises or positions when performing exercises and techniques, while the number and places of installation, as well as the types of sensors 1 can be changed based on the principle of minimum sufficiency to obtain the required result.

The technical result of the invention is an increase in the speed and quality of an athlete's independent teaching of the technique of performing exercises is achieved by eliminating errors in performing exercises by continuously showing the trained athlete during the exercise an image of the correct performance of the exercise (reference values), overlaying an image of the actual performance of the exercise (actual values) the athlete and notifying him in real time, including with the help of electromechanical stimulators combined with sensors 1 about the mistakes (wrong actions) made by him during the exercise, thereby ensuring the athlete's self-training on personal experience using visual images and muscle reactions without involving trainer. When a coach is involved to train an athlete, additional time is spent on re-showing, mutual understanding between the coach and the trained athlete to perform the exercise correctly and separating the coach from other training participants, which significantly reduces the training opportunities for both one and a group of athletes.

Claims (6)

1. A method of independent teaching of the technique of performing exercises, characterized in that, based on the exercise selected for training, the necessary individual anthropometric indicators of the athlete are removed, the sensors recording the dynamic and kinematic indicators of the student are fixed on the student's body, and during the exercise, reference values are formed in the field of visibility of the training image indicators and actual values of indicators obtained with the help of sensors, these indicators are compared and, if they differ, notify the trainee about the need to correct actions when performing an exercise to bring actual indicators to reference values, while registering kinematic indicators, the images of reference and actual values of indicators are preferably performed in in the form of superimposed photo and video images of silhouettes of a correctly performing exercise and a trainee; when correcting actions, the trainee guides images. 2. A device for self-teaching techniques for performing exercises, containing a control unit, a memory unit, a comparator, a data collection unit, a corrective action unit, biomechanical sensors and an interface module, characterized in that the sensors are connected to the control unit through a series-connected data acquisition unit and a comparator, in this case, the sensors are provided with feedback to the athlete's body, the other output of the data collection unit is connected to the control unit through the simulation unit, the data input unit is connected to the control unit input, and the interface module is connected by one channel to the control unit through the synchronization unit, and the other through the correcting unit impacts. 3. The device according to claim. 2, characterized in that the interface module is made in the form of a device for displaying an athlete's image and outputting a reference image. 4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the feedback of the sensors is made in the form of electromechanical stimulators. 5. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the control unit is made on the basis of the controller. 6. The device according to claim. 2, characterized in that the data input unit is made in the form of devices for inputting information.

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