RU2747253C1 - Biophant for practicing practical skills when performing minimally invasive interventions and intraoperative studies under ultrasound guidance - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a means of teaching medical personnel the skills of performing minimally invasive interventions and intraoperative studies under ultrasound guidance. The biophantom contains simulators of biological tissues, sheaths for intracavitary sensors, a tray, simulators of cystic and solid formations. Biological tissue simulators are muscle, kidney, liver simulators placed in a tray with 2/3 full tray filling. Pockets were cut out in the muscle and kidney simulators while maintaining the outer contour and providing a search during ultrasound examination. The pockets contain simulators of cystic and solid formations. A turkey fillet was used as a muscle simulator, pork kidneys were used as a kidney simulator, and a cow's liver was used as a liver simulator, between the pieces of which were placed simulators of cystic and solid formations. Cystic lesion simulators are covers for intracavitary transducers filled with water, or puree, or water with ground pepper, and pickled vegetables and roots are used as imitators of solid lesions.

EFFECT: invention provides a simplification of manufacturing technology, as well as the approximation of learning conditions to real conditions.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of medicine and medical technology, namely, to the means of training medical personnel in the skills of performing minimally invasive interventions and intraoperative studies under ultrasound guidance.

Currently, there are tissue-imitating phantoms that are used in the training of ultrasound diagnostics doctors and clinicians, but their disadvantage is, first of all, their high cost. And for effective training in self-administration of minimally invasive interventions, sometimes up to 5 different phantoms are required per student, which makes courses with practical skills development financially unjustified for educational organizations and inaccessible to students. It is the economic side of the issue that is increasingly being discussed in the world community regarding simulation training in ultrasound diagnostics [2]. The second most important quality of phantoms is the simplicity of its manufacture combined with anatomical similarity [1]. In recent years, 3D printers have been actively used, however, this requires a long and laborious preparatory stage in the form of developing model drawings [3]. But even a carefully thought out and executed image of this or that organ is still only an imitation and is not comparable in its characteristics with biological tissue.

The technical problem solved by the claimed invention is to simplify the manufacturing technology and reduce the cost of tissue-imitating phantoms.

An essential distinguishing feature of the proposed biophantom, for practicing practical skills when performing minimally invasive interventions under ultrasound guidance, is the orderly arrangement of individual parts of the phantom to simulate various options for volumetric formations, the simplicity of its manufacture and economic affordability. This ordering makes it possible to bring the phantom ultrasound image as close as possible to the image obtained during the ultrasound examination of living tissue, which will allow students to immediately start working with patients after the simulation course. And the availability of manufacturing will make it possible to practice the manual skills of each student in all types of volumetric education.

Biophantom as a constructive device has the following features: consists of bioelements; the elements are arranged in a certain sequence to achieve the desired result - an ultrasound image with imitation of education; the geometric shape of the elements is round, oval, irregular, depending on what kind of object we want to get; The disadvantage of phantoms known from the prior art [1-3] is that in them the imitation of formations is limited to the round or oval shape of a solid or fluid structure, and there is no possibility to change this shape and image depending on the subject of the task.

The declared biophant consists of elements that mimic the following biological tissues:

- muscles (simulated by using turkey fillets);

- kidney and liver (pig kidney, cow liver);

- neoplasms (imitated by using pickled fruits and roots: mushrooms, onions, garlic, pitted olives);

- medium for better conduction of ultrasonic waves (simulated by using jelly);

- contents of cystic formations (simulated by using water);

- heterogeneous contents of cystic formations (imitated by using berry puree or coarsely ground pepper);

A cling film is used to "bond" and "wrap" the phantom

The biophantom also includes covers for intracavitary sensors to simulate the walls of cystic formations (water or puree is poured into them) and a tray in which various elements of the biophantom are formed: some elements are placed in a tray, some are wrapped in film.

Simulation using a biophantom of various volumetric formations is achieved by the formation of the following structural elements of the proposed biophantom:

- cystic formation is imitated by the fact that water is poured into the cover for intracavitary examination and tightly tied to a knot;

- a cystic formation with thick contents is imitated by the fact that berry puree is poured into a cover for intracavitary examination and tightly tied to a knot;

- cystic formation with heterogeneous content and suspension is imitated by the fact that coarsely ground pepper is poured into a cover for intracavitary examination, water is poured and tightly tied to a knot;

- a solid homogeneous formation is imitated by a cap from a pickled mushroom or garlic;

- solid heterogeneous formation is imitated by pickled onions;

- solid formation with calcification is imitated by an olive with a bone;

To create a biophantome for intraoperative liver studies, the following structural elements are used:

- organs (liver) immersed in the tray so as to fill the tray by 2/3;

- formed formations are placed sequentially between the parts of the liver in different parts of the tray: cystic, cystic with suspension, cystic with thick contents, solid homogeneous, solid heterogeneous, solid with calcification, while, in order to develop medical skills, additional elements should not be visible from the front surface phantom, so that their search during ultrasound examination was not so obvious;

- the front surface of the phantom can be scanned with intraoperative transducers of various configurations, displaying successively all the formations described above;

to create a biophantome for intraoperative kidney studies, the following structural elements are used:

- organs (kidneys), which are immersed in the tray so as to fill the tray by 2/3, and in the kidney several incisions are made in the area of the gate through the sinus to the parenchyma with the formation of pockets so that the capsule and cortical part remain unaffected, a cystic multi-chamber formation, solid homogeneous, solid heterogeneous formation, while in order to develop medical skills, additional elements should not be visible from the front surface of the phantom, so that their search during ultrasound examination was not obvious;

on the front surface of the phantom, ultrasound can be performed by scanning with intraoperative transducers of various configurations, displaying successively all the formations described above.

The declared biophant can be used for minimally invasive interventions, for example, as follows:

1. Muscles are laid on the cling film.

2. A deep incision is made with the formation of pockets along the inner surface, so that the outer contour remains intact.

3. Cystic, cystic with suspension, cystic with dense contents, solid homogeneous, solid heterogeneous, solid with calcification are successively placed in the pockets.

4. The muscles are wrapped tightly in one or two layers of film, avoiding air getting between the muscle and the film, so that the formations are not visible on either side.

5. The wrapped muscles are placed in the tray.

6. On the surface of the phantom, ultrasound can be performed to remove the lesions, select the optimal access for puncture or biopsy, and perform ultrasound-guided manipulations.

Although the present invention has been described by the example of specific variants of its implementation, for specialists it will be clear the possibilities of numerous modifications of this invention, which do not go beyond the scope of its legal protection defined by the attached claims.

Bibliography

1. Anderson T. Small Rodent Cardiac Phantom for Preclinical Ultrasound Imaging. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2017 Jan; 64 (l): 19-24.

2. Bltithgen C., Sanabria S., Frauenfelder T., Klingmiiller V., Rominger M. Economical Sponge Phantom for Teaching, Understanding, and Researching A- and B-Line Reverberation Artifacts in Lung Ultrasound. J Ultrasound Med. 2017; 36 (10): 2133-2142.

3. Jacquet JR, Ossant F, Levassort F, Gregoire JM 3-D-Printed Phantom Fabricated by Photopolymer Jetting Technology for High-Frequency Ultrasound Imaging. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2018 Jun; 65 (6): 1048-1055.

Claims (4)

A biophant for practicing practical skills when performing minimally invasive interventions and intraoperative studies under ultrasound guidance, containing simulators of biological tissues, sheaths for intracavitary transducers and a tray, characterized in that it additionally includes simulators of cystic and solid formations, at the same time, simulators of biological tissues are simulators of muscles, kidneys, liver, placed in a tray with filling the tray by 2/3, in simulators of muscles and kidneys with preservation of the outer contour and providing a search for ultrasound examination, pockets are cut out, in pockets there are simulators of cystic and solid entities, turkey fillet was used as a muscle simulator, pork kidney was used as a kidney simulator, and a cow's liver was used as a liver simulator, between the pieces of which were placed simulators of cystic and solid formations, the simulators of cystic formations are covers for intracavitary sensors filled with water, or puree, or water with ground pepper, and pickled vegetables and roots are used as simulators of solid formations.