RU2746332C1 - Method for wet separation of mineral resources and electrodynamic separator for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mineral processing.

SUBSTANCE: proposed group of inventions relates to the field of mineral processing by the method of wet electrodynamic separation in a traveling magnetic field and allows separating liquid mixtures of magnetizable and non-magnetic particles, as well as liquid mixtures of non-magnetic electrically conductive and non-conductive particles. The method of wet separation of minerals is that a suspension with solid particles is passed through an electrodynamic separator with a cylindrical-conical working surface, while an alternating magnetic field is generated using a magnetic deflection system. The parameters of the magnetic field are selected by software, supplying voltages to the windings of the magnetic deflection system, which have a variable frequency and amplitude, as well as phase voltages that are offset relative to each other by 120 degrees. A running magnetic field closed in a ring is created inside the conical part of the separator, with the help of which the movement of particles is controlled, the particles in space are divided into fractions, the separated fraction is moved along the separator axis up to the center of the working zone, after which the separated fraction is extracted using a vertical extraction device, and the non-separated fraction moves to the lower branch pipe of the separator. The method is carried out using an electrodynamic separator, including a housing with an outlet annular hole, a gate with a lower branch pipe, a device for feeding a starting material, a device for supplying wash water, a device for withdrawing a separation product, a complex inductor with a control system. The complex inductor is made in the form of a magnetic deflection system, consisting of a multi-pole system of electromagnetic coils connected through a control system to phase voltage sources. A multi-pole system of coils is placed around the conical part of the separator in a truncated conical bowl, and the windings of the coils, which have the form of vertically elongated isosceles triangles, are laid in the slots between the poles of the core, respectively, the poles of all coils are turned at an angle to the axis of the separator, and the number of poles is a multiple of 3 and 4.

EFFECT: invention is aimed at ensuring the required degree of recovery from the mass flow of magnetizable and non-magnetic particles, as well as non-magnetic conductive and non-conductive particles of the enriched size class.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of mineral processing by the method of wet electrodynamic separation in a traveling magnetic field and allows separating liquid mixtures of magnetizable and non-magnetic particles, as well as liquid mixtures of non-magnetic electrically conductive and non-conductive particles.

The invention can also be used in the processing of secondary raw materials of non-ferrous materials when disposing of metal non-magnetic electrically conductive inclusions into waste, as well as for the extraction of magnetic, paramagnetic and diamagnetic impurities in the processing industry.

From the prior art, various methods of mineral processing are known - gravitational, electrodynamic, radiometric, flotation, magnetic, adhesive, chemical and combined.

The process of electrodynamic separation for household waste is described in detail in the article "Fundamentals of the process of electrodynamic separation" posted on the site "Waste processing. Investments in the Future "at: https./ztbo.ru/o-tbo/lit/texnologii-otxodov/teoreticheskie-osnovy-protsessa

Known "Electrodynamic separator", patent RU No. 2351398 dated 10.22.2007, IPC В03С 1/02 (patent holder - Institute of High-Current Electronics SB RAS), containing a feed hopper, a receiving container for conducting particles, a receiving container for non-conducting particles, a coil with a pulse source current to generate a pulsed magnetic field, means for supplying the mixture to the magnetic field formation zone and the second coil with a power source, and the pulses of the magnetic field of the second coil have a delay relative to the pulses of the magnetic field of the first coil. The described separator made it possible to increase the separation efficiency due to the separation of fine and fine metal fractions that are not emitted by gravity methods, however, the disadvantages of the device include its low productivity, therefore, the device is not suitable for industrial use.

It is known "Separating device for separating mixing according to patent RU No. 2556597 dated 02/18/2011 IPC В03С 1/24 (patentee - Siemens Aktiengesellschaft), containing a separation channel, a ferromagnetic yoke, a separating element, a coil system, a coil control device. The material used is a suspension with magnetizable and non-magnetic particles brought into water as a carrier liquid. With this device, a continuous and efficient process of separating a mixture of magnetizable and non-magnetic particles is carried out. The disadvantage of the device is the impossibility of creating a rotating traveling magnetic field of high frequency on the working surface of the drum with a stationary magnetic system.

Known "Method for generating a running magnetic field in the working area of an electrodynamic separator and a device for magnetic separation of metal-bearing sands", patent RU No. 2452582 dated 06/10/2012, IPC В03С 1/02 (patent holder - LLC Scientific and Technical Center Royal Total), which is the closest to the claimed method and device. The method consists in the fact that single pulses of a magnetic field are generated, from which trains of a traveling magnetic field are formed, while the pulses of the magnetic field inside the train are synchronized, and the amplitude of the pulses and the repetition rate of the trains are selected from the condition of ensuring the required degree of extraction from the mass flow of particles of the enriched useful size class component, while the material to be sorted is a bulk material with diamagnets introduced into it.

The device according to patent No. 2452582 contains a loading container for transporting bulk material with a conical distributor, an outlet annular hole, a complex inductor consisting of several coaxial coils, voltage pulse sources for creating a train of a traveling magnetic field, a device for separating conductive particles from the conveying material.

The disadvantage of the method according to the described patent No. 2452582 is the low efficiency of extraction of small particles with a size of about 1 mm, and the impossibility of stable separation of a strongly magnetic and diamagnetic fraction due to a complex separation adjustment system, since the separation based on the use of eddy currents is carried out the more difficult, the smaller the size separated particles.

It should be noted that none of the listed patents use wet separation of non-magnetic conductive particles in combination with a traveling electromagnetic field. Wet separation with a traveling magnetic field is usually only used with magnetic particles, where the particles move downward under the influence of gravity.

According to the applicant, the most suitable method for enrichment of small particles of minerals, such as particles of highly magnetic ores, as well as particles of gold, silver, platinoids from metal-containing placer deposits, is wet electrodynamic separation. The essence of wet separation, when an aqueous suspension with magnetizable and nonmagnetic conductive particles is used as the separated material, is that when the magnetizable and nonmagnetic particles are separated (using an alternating sinusoidal voltage), the properties of magnetizable particles that interact with an alternating magnetic field change. , and move against the forces of gravity, and when non-magnetic conducting and non-conducting particles are separated (using a pulsed voltage in the form of consecutive pulses), induced magnetic moments appear, which induce eddy currents in non-magnetic conducting particles, which generate Lorentz forces, as a result of which For all particles of the emitted product in the separator, the forces of counteraction to the external magnetic field are stronger than those of the particles of the enclosing rocks, which leads to their separation and movement.

Under conditions of dry separation, the shock currents of a traveling wave are usually directed in a straight line along or across the tray of moving particles so that the particles are thrown to the opposite side, but in this case the magnetic field is not closed in a ring. When using a suspension as a carrier liquid, it is possible to close the traveling magnetic field in a ring and push the particles to the center of the separator working area, and then remove them through the upper part of the separator.

In the claimed solution, the applicant proposes to direct and emit these particles upward against the forces of gravity by the force of the electromagnetic field, which is formed by the conical shape of the core in a multi-pole system of coils.

A technical problem, the solution of which is provided by using the claimed invention is the creation of a universal method for the separation of minerals, as well as the creation of an electrodynamic separator device, with the help of which the process of separation and extraction of useful products in the form of small particles that have strong magnetic, paramagnetic and diamagnetic properties.

The technical result is the versatility of the separation process with the possibility of separating magnetizable and non-magnetic particles, as well as separating non-magnetic conductive and non-conductive particles.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that, under conditions of wet separation in the electrodynamic separator, a running magnetic field rotating around the ring is generated, which is formed by the introduced magnetic deflection system (MOS) with a tapered core, in the grooves of which the windings of the electromagnetic coils are laid, on which from the phase sources voltages controlled by the MOS control unit, a three-phase voltage (with a phase shift of 120 degrees) of an adjustable frequency and amplitude is supplied, and the parameters of the set magnetic field are selected depending on the magnetic properties, conductivity and dimension of the particles emitted (i.e., the mode is selected by software ), as a result, we obtain rotating magnetic fields with different characteristics, which differently affect the particles in the initial suspension: for the separation mode of magnetizable and nonmagnetic fractions, the magnetic field moves the magnetizable fraction along the separator axis up to the center of the working zones, and the non-magnetic fraction - into the lower branch pipe of the separator; for the mode of separation of non-magnetic conductive and non-conductive fractions, it moves the conductive fraction along the separator axis up to the center of the working zone, and the non-conductive fraction to the lower branch pipe of the separator.

To achieve this technical result, a magnetic deflecting system (MOS) was introduced into the known device of an electrodynamic separator, which forms a traveling magnetic field by means of a multi-pole system of electromagnetic coils placed around the conical dielectric part of the separator on a conical core with slots, while the poles of the core coils are turned at an angle to the separator axis, and the number of core poles is a multiple of 3 and 4 and is equal to N = 12, 24, 36 ..., while the coils are connected to phase voltage sources, the operation of which is synchronized in such a way that alternating voltages are supplied to the MOS windings, depending on the operating mode or voltages in the form of successive pulses, which have a variable frequency and amplitude, while the phase voltages are shifted relative to each other by 120 degrees.

The claimed separator also contains a device for vertical extraction of the component with the possibility of longitudinal movement along the axis of the separator upward.

The claimed invention is illustrated by the following graphic materials:

FIG. 1 - General view of the claimed separator (cross-section);

FIG. 2 - MOS core for 24 coils in a conical bowl (without a casing);

FIG. 3 - MOS core with 12 coils installed in a bowl (with a casing);

FIG. 4 - MOS coils 24 pieces before desoldering into 3 phases;

FIG. 5 is a top view of an MOC core with 24 coils stacked in slots;

FIG. 6 - a picture of a traveling magnetic field with an induction of 0.9 Tesla;

FIG. 7 - a picture of a traveling magnetic field with an induction of 3.2 Tesla;

FIG. 8 is a control diagram of the MOC.

The claimed electrodynamic separator (Fig. 1) is a structure consisting of the following elements, designated by the numbers:

1 - body of an electrodynamic separator made of dielectric;

2 - feed device for the initial suspension;

3 - loading container for the initial suspension;

4 - flushing water supply device;

5 - overflow device;

6 - lower drain pipe with a shutter;

7 - electromagnetic coils;

8 - poles of the coils, which are an element of the core;

9 - conical bowl;

10 - control unit MOS;

11 - sources of phase voltages;

12 - device for vertical extraction of the separated product;

13 - the mechanism of axial movement of the separated product;

14 - device for unloading the allocated product;

15 - product to be isolated;

16 - filtered product.

The claimed electrodynamic separator (Fig. 1) is a structure consisting of a cylindrical-conical separator body 1 with a suspension feed device 2, a loading tank 3 for the initial suspension, a flushing water supply device 4, an excess water drain device 5, a lower drain pipe with a shutter 6 and a magnetic deflection system (MOS) installed around the conical part of the separator, consisting of electromagnetic coils 7, poles 8, which are an element of the core, a conical bowl 9 with an inner conical surface, a control unit 10 and sources of phase voltages 11, while the separator is equipped with a device 12 for vertical extraction of the component to be separated; and an electric motor 13 for moving the particles along the axis.

Unlike the closest analogue, the claimed separator contains a magnetic deflection system (MOS), which generates at the poles of the electromagnetic coils an alternating or pulsed magnetic field with induction of a certain frequency and amplitude (simultaneously in three phases of MOS with an offset of 120 degrees), creating a rotating magnetic field, in which each pole of the electromagnetic coils, depending on the operating mode, creates a magnetic field of a certain intensity:

- to separate the magnetizable and non-magnetic fraction, an alternating magnetic field (with the movement of the magnetizable fraction along the axis of the separator in a spiral up to the center of the working area, and the non-magnetic fraction into the lower branch pipe of the separator, after which the useful concentrate is extracted using a device for vertical extraction of the component);

- to separate the non-magnetic suspension into conducting and non-conducting fractions, a pulsed magnetic field is created with the formation of trains (bunches of field lines), which move the non-magnetic conducting fraction along the separator axis in a spiral upward to the center of the working zone, and the non-conducting fraction into the lower branch pipe of the separator, after whereby the useful concentrate is recovered using a vertical component extraction device.

The control unit 10 of the magnetic deflection system (MOS) controls the sources of phase voltages 11, which generate alternating and pulse voltages for the windings of the three phases MOS.

Electromagnetic coils 7, the windings of which are laid in grooves in the conical bowl of the core (Fig. 2), form a multi-pole magnetic system with poles 8 turned upwards at an angle to the separator axis (Fig. 3). Since the poles 8 of the electromagnetic coils 7 are turned upwards at an angle to the axis of the separator, and the running alternating or pulsed magnetic field from all poles is phase-synchronous, then in the center of the working area of the separator, a summing rotating and pushing upward effect on the component being separated is formed. The amplitude and frequency of the pulses are programmatically selected on the control unit 10 from the condition of ensuring the required degree of extraction from the mass flow of particles of the enriched size class of the useful component (taking into account the magnetic, wire and weight and size properties of the material).

The action of the claimed electrodynamic separator is based on the fact that when an alternating or pulsed voltage is passed, a current flows through the coil and, depending on the operating mode, an alternating sinusoidal magnetic field or a pulsed high-gradient magnetic field is generated, which allow to obtain the effect of spatial separation:

- in the mode of separation of magnetizable and non-magnetic particles, a traveling sinusoidal magnetic field of a certain frequency acts on ferromagnetic particles, which have inertial residual magnetic induction, as a result of which the particles of the same name are repulsed from the traveling magnetic field, which leads to the particles being pushed out into the working area of the separator ...

- in the mode of separation of non-magnetic conducting and non-conducting particles, a traveling pulsed magnetic field with induction B is affected, which induces Foucault eddy currents in conducting particles and particles are pushed into the region of a weaker field under the action of Lorentz forces, i.e. working area.

Thus, depending on the selected operating mode on the control unit 10, the declared separator with the installed magnetic deflection system can separate magnetizable and non-magnetic particles or separate non-magnetic conductive and non-conductive particles.

The method of wet electrodynamic separation in a traveling magnetic field is carried out by a magnetic deflecting system (MOS), which separates liquid mixtures of magnetizable and non-magnetic particles, as well as liquid mixtures of non-magnetic electrically conductive and non-conductive particles in conductivity and dimension due to the traveling magnetic field, which is by changing the amplitude current and frequency pushes the desired component into the working area of the separator with its subsequent extraction.

The windings with a magnetic deflection system (MOS) are connected to phase voltage sources in three phases, which, by means of the control unit 10, set the required current in the winding for each phase. Alternating or pulsed magnetic fields from phase voltage sources, spaced apart with an offset of 120 degrees, create the effect of a running magnetic field, and the superposition of these fields on each other creates the effect of a rotating (running around a circle) magnetic field.

Structurally, the magnetic deflection system is made in the form of a truncated conical bowl with a multi-pole system of electromagnetic coils with cores (poles), and the windings of the coils are laid in slots between the poles made of laminated metal and placed inside a conical bowl made of dielectric or metal (Fig. 3 )

The magnetic system is called deflecting (MOS) because it repeats the inclination of the conical part of the separator and provides for the pushing of the particles of the useful product (concentrate) upward due to the Lorentz force or due to the residual induction of ferromagnets. If there would be no inclination, that is, a conical shape, then the buoyant forces would be directed perpendicular to the separator axis and then separation would not occur - the suspension would rotate without separation into fractions and pass into the lower part of the separator.

An upward angled (bold arrow B in Fig. 1) vector of the buoyancy force (induction force), when projected onto the separator axis, creates a force vector inverse to the gravitational force vector. The force that pushes particles out is a rotating alternating magnetic field.

In the claimed device, the conical bowl (Fig. 2) for the core can be either metal or dielectric (plastic, PCB). At high currents and frequencies, the coils are heated and it is better to remove heat through the poles into a metal bowl. The design of the bowl can be made in various forms and in different ways, with a casing (apron) or on supports without a casing.

The unusual shape of the coils 7 in the form of vertically elongated isosceles triangles (Fig. 4. 5) is due to the conical shape of the core and the dimensions of the lower opening of the separator.

The poles 8 of the cores of all inductors are in the form of vertically elongated sectors (in the top view) and are core elements, while the inner surface of the bowl-shaped core is formed by these core elements (poles).

The core structure can be assembled as shown in FIG. 2, and is made of laminated metal or made together with the bowl 9, which will significantly increase the weight of the structure, since the bowl in this case is also made of metal.

After laying the windings in the grooves of the core (Fig. 3), each phase should have 4, 8, 12 ... poles, since there should be a symmetry of the magnetic field lines around the circumference and the required magnetic field density, therefore the more poles, the better (Fig. four). The multiplicity of the poles in the separator is equal to 3 and 4 (that is, the number of poles should be equal to 12, 24, 36 ...), and the windings, when AC is supplied, create magnetic induction vectors, the value of which depends both on the number of turns on the pole and the current that flows through turns, as well as from the area of the pole. The end of each coil is the beginning of the next. At the end of the winding, all phases can be connected in a "star" or "triangle".

The claimed design of the magnetic deflection system (MOS) allows the traveling vectors of magnetic induction to act on the emitted particles against the force of gravity, which is much easier to do in suspension due to the buoyancy force of Archimedes and the inertia of the medium.

The electrodynamic separator can operate in two modes, which are selected depending on the magnetic, conductive and weight and size properties of the material being extracted.

The magnetic-gravity separator works as follows.

Mode 1. which is used to extract magnetizable particles - ferromagnets. The initial suspension through the feeding device 2 enters the loading tank 3 for the initial suspension and simultaneously to the electromagnetic coils 7, a three-phase alternating voltage is supplied through the MOS control system (in three phases with an offset of 120 degrees). The voltage causes a sinusoidal current in the windings of the coils with an amplitude of up to 1 kA and a frequency of 5-500 Hz (since the release of magnetizable particles does not require large shock pulses of a traveling magnetic field), as a result of which an alternating traveling magnetic field with an induction of less than 1 Tesla (Fig. 6), which leads to the interaction of particles with residual magnetic induction with the field of the same name (at a certain frequency), and due to the presence of a medium (water), the rotation of particles does not occur quickly, therefore the emitted component is affected ( the force acts), pushing it up.

Mode 2. which is used to extract non-magnetic conducting particles - diamagnets. The initial suspension through the feeding device 2 enters the loading tank 3 for the initial suspension and at the same time a three-phase pulse voltage is supplied to the electromagnetic coils 7 through the MOS control system (in three phases of the MOS with an offset of 120 degrees), which causes the flow of a pulsed electric current with an amplitude of 1-2 kA and a frequency of 2-50 kHz through the windings, as a result of which powerful pulses of a magnetic field with an induction of more than 1 Tesla are generated at the poles 8 of the electromagnetic coils 7 (Fig. 7). Thus, a rotating magnetic field closed in a ring is created, in which trains of a traveling magnetic field are formed by each pole of the electromagnetic coils MOS, and since the poles of the electromagnetic coils are turned at an angle to the axis of the separator, trains from all poles in the center of the separator form a summing rotating and pushing upward impact on the allocated component. The vectors of induction from the poles 8 through the dielectric body 1 of the separator are pushed to the center of the working area electrically conductive particles 15 from the rotating magnetic field of the separator and make them spiral upward, where an accumulation of concentrate is formed, which is selected by a vertical lifting mechanism (for example, a screw or the like). ). The flushing water entering through the device 4 for supplying water, due to the tangential supply, creates a centrifugally upward flow in the separator, and the excess water is poured out through the drain device 5.

Thus, separable magnetizable and non-magnetic electrode components used in enrichment can be removed on the same equipment, but it is only necessary to change the program in the control unit 10 (to set the required electrical parameters of the voltage and frequency supplied to the windings of the electromagnetic coils) in order to to provide the required degree of extraction of particles of the enriched size class from the mass flow.

Further, using examples, we will consider the operation of the claimed electrodynamic separator for separating particles opposite in behavior - these are ferromagnets and conducting diamagnets.

Experimental verification of the operation of the proposed method and device was carried out on a model assembled according to the diagram shown in Fig. eight.

The applicant carried out a number of calculations and experiments, the conditions of which and the results obtained are given below.

Example 1 (Separation of ferromagnets):

FIG. 6 shows a picture of a rotating magnetic field in a 12-pole MOS separator when a three-phase current is supplied with an offset of 120 degrees during the separation of ferromagnets. FIG. 6 trapeziums located in a circle, painted in blue, are the grooves of the core, where the turns of the electromagnetic coils are located and where the intensity (concentration of lines of force) of the magnetic field is minimal. For the separation of ferromagnet particles, large shock pulses of the traveling magnetic field are not required; therefore, the mode of sinusoidal currents of low frequency is set on the control unit. In this mode, the magnetizable particles are not repelled, but attracted to the moving magnetic field, which leads to the deposition of magnetizable particles on the dielectric walls of the separator. When separating ferromagnets, it is necessary to set the frequency and amplitude of the current in the MOS control unit according to the dimensions of the magnetized particles, then the effect of levitation of particles in water can be obtained. This phenomenon is explained by the presence of hysteresis (residual induction) in magnetizable particles, therefore, the larger the element, the more current and lower frequency are needed. Largely dispersed magnetizable particles, due to the residual magnetization at a certain frequency, do not have time to change their polarity, and they begin to rotate under the influence of a magnetic field, but they still collide with the same rotating magnetic field of the separator, which leads to their pushing into the working area of the separator with their subsequent extraction ... So, for large metal products, the effects of levitation in water were obtained at the frequency of a running MF in the range of 150-300 Hz and a frequency in the phase of 10-20 Hz.

Example 2 (Separation of diamagnets and paramagnets):

When extracting conducting diamagnets and paramagnets, powerful pulse currents are used and then the induction vector will be significantly larger. FIG. 7 shows a picture of a rotating magnetic field in a 12-pole MOS separator when a three-phase current is supplied with an offset of 120 degrees. In this mode, powerful pulses of a magnetic field with an induction of 3.2 Tesla are generated at the poles of the electromagnetic coils and a rotating magnetic field closed in a ring is created, in which trains of a traveling magnetic field are formed by each pole of the electromagnetic coils MOS, and since the poles of the electromagnetic coils are turned at an angle to the axis separator, then trains from all poles in the center of the separator form a summing rotating and pushing upward action on the separated component.

Example 3:

The practical result was obtained for the separation of copper particles in suspension on a solid 22%, which contained 60% copper and 40% quartz. Finely cut copper wire 0.25 mm in diameter and 1 mm in length was used as the separated material. It was necessary to find the optimal frequency for the separation of such a product. The force acting on a non-magnetic conducting body from the side of the magnetic field depends on the rate of change of this field. In a uniform field, this buoyant force acting on the diamagnet is zero. The direction of the magnetic field force acting on the diamagnet is determined by the direction of the change in its square, and the modulus of this force is proportional to the rate of change of the square of the field induction. It was necessary to calculate the duration of the pulses in the MOC in order to understand at what frequency to work in order to better separate the non-magnetic conducting particles. In the theory of separation, there is a known formula for calculating the required pulse duration in an inductive loop to act on a particle for the purpose of separation:

The initial values for the calculation were taken as follows:

- specific conductivity of copper σ = 5.6⋅10 ⁷ cm / m;

- specific density of copper ρ = 8.9⋅10 ³ kg / m ³ ;

- magnetic permeability of vacuum μ ₀ = 4π ^* 10 ^-7 N / m ² ,

for the medium water μ = 1 (conditionally),

where k = 10 (coefficient of excess of the pushing force over the weight).

The first part of the formula (denote C) changes little and can be conventionally considered a constant value, and then we will use the calculated coefficient C equal to 2.

The duration of the effect of magnetic field pulses on the particle for the purpose of separation was equal to 140 μs. The duration of exposure determines the minimum period and maximum possible frequency of exposure to the magnetic field, which is equal to f _max = 7 kHz. With a three-phase impact on the MOS, the frequency of the phase voltages will be 466 Hz. In this example, at a frequency in the phase of 355 Hz, the recovery of copper is 78.9%, and at an optimal frequency of 466 Hz it is 97.1%.

Example 4:

Keeping the same duration of exposure to pulses, equal to t = 140 μs and the frequency of rotation of the field f _max = 7 kHz, as with finely cut copper wire, almost identical values were obtained for the recovery in% of larger particles of aluminum shavings (1 mm × 0.3 mm × 0.3 mm), but lighter (the chips were obtained as a result of processing an aluminum corner with a coarse file on wood). Twisted aluminum particles were placed in the volume of the suspension on a solid 22%, which contained 60% aluminum and 40% quartz sand, as in the previous example No. 3. With a three-phase impact on the MOS with a phase voltage frequency of 466 Hz, 98% recovery was obtained. At a frequency in the phase of 355 Hz, the extraction of aluminum was 81.1%. Interestingly, the aluminum particles were approximately twice as large in size and twice lighter in weight, but the release effect for aluminum turned out to be insignificantly better, although already at a lower frequency of 355 Hz, due to the lightness of the material, we should have obtained a higher extraction ... The result obtained can be explained by the fact that for aluminum alloys the specific electrical conductivity and density are lower than σ = 20 × 10 ⁶ S / m, and the density ρ = 2.7 kg / dm ³ (while for copper, respectively, σ = 56 × 10 ⁶ S / m; ρ = 8.7 kg / dm ³ ). From the formula given above, it can be seen that the main quantity influencing the separation is the value of σ / ρ (the ratio of the electrical conductivity to the density of the metal). Consequently, if we take into account that the electrical conductivity of aluminum is almost three times lower, and the weight is three times less, then the result obtained is quite understandable, since the γ / ρ ratio for aluminum chips is higher than for finely cut copper wire by only 1, 1 time.

The calculations and experiments carried out prove that the use of a separator with a magnetic deflection system (MOS) makes it possible to obtain a universal method for separating minerals, which makes it possible to separate liquid mixtures from magnetizable and non-magnetic particles, as well as liquid mixtures of non-magnetic electrically conductive and non-conductive particles.

The claimed technical solution makes it possible to obtain under conditions of wet separation a universal method of magnetic enrichment of minerals with the possibility of separating magnetizable and non-magnetic particles, as well as separating non-magnetic conductive and non-conductive particles.

The claimed solution has been disclosed with respect to its preferred embodiments, but similar embodiments are also possible without going beyond the scope of the present invention.

Thus, the totality of the claimed features allows to solve the problem and create a universal separation process with the possibility of separating magnetizable and nonmagnetic conductive particles on the same equipment.

Claims (7)

1. The method of wet separation of minerals, which consists in the fact that a suspension with solid particles is passed through an electrodynamic separator with a cylindrical-conical working surface, at the same time, with the help of a magnetic deflection system, an alternating magnetic field is generated, the parameters of which are selected by software, supplying voltage to the windings of the magnetic deflection system, which have a variable frequency and amplitude, as well as phase voltages that are shifted relative to each other by 120 degrees, create a running magnetic field closed in a ring inside the conical part of the separator, with the help of which the movement of particles is controlled, the particles are separated in space into fractions, and the separated fraction is moved along the separator axis up to the center of the working zone, after which the separated fraction is extracted using a vertical extraction device, and the non-separated fraction is moved to the lower branch pipe of the separator. 2. A wet separation method according to claim 1, characterized in that to isolate paramagnets and diamagnets, powerful pulses of a traveling electromagnetic field with a current of 1-2 kA and a frequency of 2-50 kHz are generated. 3. The method of wet separation according to claim 1, characterized in that for the separation of ferromagnets, an alternating traveling electromagnetic field is generated with a sinusoidal current with an amplitude of up to 1 kA and a frequency of 100-500 Hz. 4. Electrodynamic separator, including a housing with an outlet annular hole, a gate with a lower branch pipe, a device for feeding the starting material, a device for feeding a wash water, a device for withdrawing a separation product, a complex inductor with a control system, characterized in that the complex inductor is made in the form of a magnetic a deflection system consisting of a multi-pole system of electromagnetic coils connected through a control system to phase voltage sources, and the multi-pole system of coils is placed around the conical part of the separator in a truncated conical bowl, and the coil windings, which have the form of vertically elongated isosceles triangles, are laid in the slots between the poles core, respectively, the poles of all coils are turned at an angle to the axis of the separator, and the number of poles is a multiple of 3 and 4. 5. Electrodynamic separator according to claim 4, characterized in that the truncated conical bowl is made of dielectric, and the device for removing the separation product contains a device for vertical extraction of the component. 6. Electrodynamic separator according to claim 4, characterized in that the truncated conical bowl is made of metal, and the device for removing the separation product contains a device for vertical extraction of the component. 7. Electrodynamic separator according to PP. 4-6, characterized in that the core is made prefabricated of flat trapezoidal sectors, which are installed in a conical bowl and rigidly fixed on the surface of the bowl.

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