RU2744672C1 - Method and system of radio communication with moving objects - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio communication.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to automatic radio communication in the high-frequency (HF) range (3-30) MHz and can be used in wireless communication systems. Joint methods of spatial, time and frequency channel diversity are used. With frequency diversity, two radio signals are simultaneously generated in different parts of the radio frequency spectrum of the HF range, the frequency of which changes at predetermined time intervals known to all subscribers of the system.EFFECT: invention increases noise immunity of data transmission and decreases message delivery time.2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to automatic radio communication in the high-frequency (HF) range (3-30) MHz.

The known method of HF radio communication using HFDL technology (High Frequency Data Link), built on the basis of the ARINC 635 specification [1], ARINC 753 characteristics [2], ARINC 634 manual [3], RTCA standards DO-265, DO-277 [1 -5] (ARINC 635) optimizes the air-to-ground packet communication system in terms of communication reliability, spectral and economic efficiency, in which a large number of aircraft (up to 2500) are served by a small number of frequency channels (up to 48-60) and ground stations ( up to 16) in time and frequency division multiple access mode. The way of data exchange in the HFDL system is described in detail in [1, 6, 7, 8]. HFDL defines both the procedures for creating a channel with automatic selection of the operating frequency, and all other procedures for automatic communication at all levels (physical, channel and subnetwork) with multi-parameter adaptation of the radio link in frequency, transmission rate, modulation and coding types, as well as in space diversity of terrestrial stations guaranteeing reliability (residual error probability) not worse than 10 ^-6 . The HFDL system uses the same set of frequencies for channelization and communication. The high spectral efficiency of the system is achieved through the use of a combined frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and time division (TDMA) protocol. The frequency division protocol is ensured by assigning different frequency channels (from two to six) to different HF ground stations (HF ground stations). The TDMA protocol is provided by the fact that the use time of each frequency channel is divided into 32-second frames, and each frame is divided into 13 access time slots with a duration of 2.461538 s, equal to the transmission time of one data packet 2.343888 s plus 117.65 ms per propagation delay time uncertainty and radio link desynchronism. At all HF frequencies, ground stations periodically (in the first slot of each frame) emit marker signals, the quality of which is evaluated by aircraft when choosing a communication frequency. The aircraft selects for communication any channel, the quality of the marker signal of which is acceptable or the best, registers on this channel at the ground station and communicates on it until the channel quality meets the required level. Several planes can select one communication channel and register on it. Each HFDL system HF channel is used by all registered aircraft in time division multiple access mode. The TDMA protocol is controlled by the HF ground station by signaling the assignment tokens of slots reserved on request from aircraft, random access slots and slots for transmissions from the ground. The HF ground station predicts the system characteristics (packet transmission delay) on each of its frequency channels and sets the channel busy flag in the marker when a critical number of aircraft have registered on the channel in order to stop new correspondents from accessing it and guarantee the specified system characteristics (packet transmission delay no more than permissible). The simplicity of predicting the system characteristics in the HFDL system is largely determined by the fact that all messages in the system (call and communication) have the same standard duration equal to a slot and are transmitted using a single TDMA protocol on a common set of frequencies. Depending on the quality of the channel and the amount of transmitted data in the message, the optimal type of multiposition phase shift keying and coding is selected. This changes the user's data rate, but the message duration and the symbol rate of 1800 Baud provided by the single-tone modem do not change.

To ensure a given level of communication reliability in the area of responsibility of each HF ground station from the general list of HF frequencies (48-60 SSB channels) allocated for the HFDL system, in the control room of the HF data exchange system, each HF ground station is assigned for each time interval of the day with a duration (1-2) hours, a set of (2-6) active frequencies, optimal for the conditions of radio wave propagation and electromagnetic compatibility, bring the assigned set of frequencies together with the time interval of its activation to each HF ground station through the terrestrial communication subsystem, thus realizing frequency division multiple access protocol, divide the usage time of each frequency channel into time frames with a duration of 32 s, and divide each frame into 13 time slots with a duration of 2.461538 s to implement a time division multiple access (TDMA) protocol.

At the end of each frame, at each HF ground station, for each slot of the next frame, the use of this slot is assigned for transmission from the ground or for transmission from a specific aircraft at its preliminary request for an access slot, or for transmissions from any aircraft in a random access mode.

Marker signals are emitted from each HF ground station on all active frequencies in the first slot of each frame, which contain the use assignments of each slot of the current frame, as well as receipts for messages received from the HF aircraft station (HF BS) in the previous two frames.

At each HF on-board station, based on the results of assessing the quality of reception of marker signals, the best communication frequency (HF air-to-Earth radio channel) is selected.

Each HF airborne station is registered on the HF channel selected by it on the HF ground station corresponding to this channel, packet data is exchanged in TDMA mode via the HF air-to-Earth radio channel between the HF ground station and the HF airborne station, which is registered on it, until then while the quality of the RF air-to-ground radio channel exceeds the acceptable level. If the quality of the HF radio channel deteriorates below the permissible level, a new HF radio channel is selected for the onboard station and registered on the new selected HF radio channel. The exchange of packet data is carried out through the ground communication network between the HF ground stations and the control point of the HF communication system, as well as the users of the communication system - air traffic control centers (ATC).

In the process of exchanging packet data, a packet message for an ATC controller containing the address of the recipient - the ATC dispatcher, as well as the sender's address (ICAO address of the aircraft), is formed in the on-board communication control unit (on-board router), transmitted to the HF on-board station, where it is packed into the packet intended for transmission over the HF radio channel is then transmitted over the HF radio channel to the HF ground station, where the HF onboard station is registered, where it is packed into a package intended for transmission over the ground communication subsystem, and is transmitted via the interface to the ground communication subsystem, from where through the interface, they are transmitted to the ATC control center.

A packet message for a control center (CC), containing the recipient's address - CC, as well as the sender's address (ICAO address of the board), is formed at the HF onboard station, where it is packed into a packet intended for transmission over the HF radio channel, transmitted over the HF radio channel on the HF the ground station on which the HF onboard station is registered, where it is packed into a package intended for transmission via the ground communication subsystem, is transmitted via the interface to the ground communication subsystem, from where it is transmitted via the interface to the control center.

In the opposite direction, a packet message containing the recipient's address - (ICAO address of the aircraft), as well as the sender's address - the ATC control center, is generated at the ATC control center, transmitted through the interface to the ground communication subsystem, from where the packet is transmitted via the interface to the HF ground station, on which the HF onboard station - the addressee - is registered, where it is packed into a package intended for transmission over the HF radio channel, and then transmitted over the HF radio channel to the HF onboard station - the addressee.

A packet message from the MC for the aircraft, containing the recipient's address - (ICAO address of the aircraft), as well as the sender's address - MC, is generated at the MC, transmitted through the interface to the ground communication subsystem, from where it is broadcast via the interface to the HF ground station on which airborne station - the addressee, where it is packed into a package intended for transmission over the HF radio channel, and transmitted over the HF radio channel to the board - the addressee.

The disadvantage of the analogue is as follows: it is difficult to work in interference.

Known analogue for the method of application [9]. This method of radio communication consists in the fact that each HF ground station emits marker signals in the first slot of each TDMA frame of the channel access protocol on all frequencies that are periodically assigned and activated at the control point of the HF data exchange system. To implement the FDMA protocol for access to communication channels, according to which different HF ground stations have different sets of active operating frequencies, each HF onboard station is registered at the corresponding HF ground station at the best HF communication frequency selected by the HF onboard station based on the results of its assessment of the quality of reception of marker signals ... Then, packet data is exchanged between the HF ground station and the HF onboard station registered on it, as long as the quality of the HF air-to-ground channel allows. When the quality of the HF air-to-ground channel deteriorates below the permissible level, a new channel is selected at the HF onboard station and registered on this channel at a new or old HF ground station. Through the ground communication subsystem, packet data is exchanged between each HF ground station and air traffic control centers and airlines, as well as the control point of the HF communication system. At each HF ground station, the best frequency for receiving messages from each other HF ground station is selected based on the results of evaluating the reception quality of marker signals using additional HF Earth-to-Earth receivers and Earth-to-Earth demodulators of a single-tone multi-position phase-shift keyed signal. The audibility table is formed based on the results of the selection of the best reception frequencies, it indicates the sign of availability (inaccessibility) for the terrestrial communication subsystem, the identifiers of the ground stations and the corresponding numbers of the best reception frequencies with the codes of the recommended maximum allowable data transmission rates. On each frequency channel, one channel access frame slot is allocated for transmitting messages in the downlink direction. The audibility table is transmitted simultaneously by the N HF transmitters in slots that are allocated for the transmission of messages in the direction "Earth-to-Earth". Audibility tables are then received from other HF ground stations at preselected best reception frequencies using additional HF receivers and ground-to-ground demodulators of a single-tone multi-position phase-shift keyed signal. The ground-to-ground network connectivity table is formed on the basis of the received audibility tables, which indicate the identifiers of ground stations with signs of their availability (inaccessibility) for the terrestrial communication subsystem and the corresponding numbers of the best transmission and reception frequencies with codes of the recommended maximum allowable data rates. The ground-to-ground network connectivity table is used to select frequencies for communication (transmit and receive) with other HF NS. A data packet received at an inaccessible HF ground station from an HF onboard station registered on it is transmitted simultaneously with the audibility table over the HF radio channel in the Earth-to-Earth slot to another available HF NS, from which it is transmitted to the ATC control center or to the control center through the ground communication subsystem. A data packet from an ATC control tower or airline control (UAL) or from a system control center, intended for an HF onboard station, which is registered at an inaccessible HF ground station, is transmitted through the ground communication subsystem to an available HF NS, from which it is then broadcast over HF radio channel "Earth-Earth" to an inaccessible HF ground station, and from which it is further transmitted via the HF radio channel "Air-Earth" to the HF onboard station. A data packet from an HF data exchange control point, addressed to an inaccessible HF ground station, is transmitted through the terrestrial communication subsystem to an available HF ground station, from where it is broadcast over an HF Earth-to-Earth radio channel to an inaccessible HF ground station.

The disadvantage of the analogue is as follows: the frequency tuning mode is not provided to increase the noise immunity of data transmission during aircraft flight

Known antenna matching device (ACS) transmitting antenna-feeder path with an antenna of the HF range according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2698507 [10]. It is based on the first matching circuit, in which the inductances are connected in series, and three capacitances are connected in parallel between them C1 (i) = C1 (min), C2 (i) = C (0), C3 (i) = C (max ) with the possibility of connecting them using a control device based on a comparison according to a given algorithm of the voltages on the adjacent arms of each link of the matching circuit, which is carried out in the input elements of the control device that have a negative response threshold for connecting the capacitors C1 (i) and C2 (i) and positive response threshold for connecting the capacitor C3 (i), a broadband matching circuit (SHSK) is connected to the output of the last link. ACS contains a receiver of signals from global navigation satellite systems with an antenna and a program recording unit with an external input connected by two-way connections to the corresponding inputs / outputs of the control device. An operating frequency generator, the output of which is connected to the input of the third high-frequency switching unit, and the control input of the third high-frequency switching unit to the first control output of the control device. The first output of the third high-frequency switching unit is connected to the first output of the first high-frequency switching unit and to the input of the first matching circuit, and the second output is connected to the second output of the first high-frequency switching unit and to the input of the second matching circuit. In the case when, on command from the control device, the transmitting radio-frequency cable through the output of the first high-frequency switching unit is connected to the first matching circuit, the second output of the third high-frequency switching unit is connected to the second matching circuit, and in the case when the transmitting radio-frequency cable, on command from the device control through the first high-frequency switching unit is connected to the second matching circuit, the operating frequency generator through the third high-frequency switching unit is connected to the first matching circuit. The ACS also contains a control panel, the output of which is connected to the input of the program recording unit. The second matching circuit is similar to the first, with both circuits connected to a device for controlling similar buses for controlling high-frequency switching nodes and monitoring the voltage at adjacent links of the first and second nodes for connecting capacities and monitoring voltages at the boundaries L, C of the first and second matching circuits, respectively. The buses are connected to the corresponding inputs / outputs of the control device. The inputs of the two matching circuits are connected to the transmitting radio-frequency cable through the first high-frequency switching unit on command from the second control output of the control device. The second matching loop through the second broadband matching loop is connected to the second input of the second high-frequency switching unit, the output of which is connected via an antenna radio-frequency cable to the antenna. The third and fourth inputs / outputs of the control device are connected by two-way connections via the buses for controlling high-frequency switching nodes and monitoring the voltage on adjacent links of the first and second matching circuits with the corresponding inputs / outputs of the first and second broadband matching circuits, the output of the second broadband matching circuit is connected to the second input of the second high-frequency switching node. The third control output of the control device is connected to the control input of the second high-frequency switching unit. The input of the control device is used to select the type of connected antennas, and the external input of the program recorder is the input of the device.

However, with the help of a single antenna matching device of a transmitting antenna-feeder path with an antenna of the HF range, it is impossible to organize the transmission of radio signals in a radio communication system.

Known analogue by the method of radio communication, which is taken as a prototype [11]. The method of radio communication consists in the fact that the airspace is divided into service areas, a leading HF ground station is assigned in each area, through the ground communication subsystem, it receives from the control center and stores information about the communication planning processes and dynamic management of communication resources of the HF ground stations located in the corresponding zone, and in case of failure of the control point of the HF data exchange system, their operating modes are controlled. Each HF ground station emits marker signals in the first slot of each TDMA frame of the channel access protocol on all frequencies, which are periodically assigned and activated in the HF data exchange control center to implement the FDMA access protocol, according to which different HF ground stations have different sets of active operating frequencies. At the corresponding HF ground station, each HF airborne station is registered at the best HF communication frequency selected by the HF airborne station based on the results of its assessment of the quality of reception of marker signals. Packet data is exchanged between the HF ground station and the HF onboard station registered on it as long as the quality of the HF air-to-ground channel allows. When the quality of the HF air-to-ground channel deteriorates below the permissible level, a new channel is selected at the HF onboard station and registered on this channel at a new or old HF ground station. Through the ground communication subsystem, packet data is exchanged between each HF ground station and air traffic and airlines control centers, as well as the control point of the HF packet data exchange system. At each HF ground station, the best frequency for receiving messages from each other HF ground station is selected based on the results of evaluating the quality of reception of marker signals using RF ground-to-ground receivers and ground-to-ground radio signal demodulators. An audibility table is formed based on the results of the selection of the best reception frequencies, in which the indication of the availability (inaccessibility) of the HF ground station for the ground communication subsystem, the identifiers of the ground stations and the corresponding numbers of the best reception frequencies with the codes of the recommended maximum allowable data transmission rates are indicated. Each frequency channel allocates one channel access frame slot for data transmission in the downlink direction. The audibility table is transmitted simultaneously using N HF transmitters in slots, which are allocated for data transmission in the direction "Earth-to-Earth". Audibility tables are received from other HF ground stations at preselected best reception frequencies using HF receivers and ground-to-ground demodulators of the radio signal, a ground-to-ground network connectivity table is formed based on the received audibility tables, in which the identifiers of ground stations with signs their availability (inaccessibility) for the terrestrial communication subsystem and the corresponding numbers of the best reception and transmission frequencies with the codes of the recommended maximum permissible data transmission rates. The ground-to-ground network connectivity table is used to select frequencies for communication (transmit and receive) with other HF NS. A data packet received at an inaccessible HF ground station from an HF onboard station registered on it is transmitted simultaneously with the audibility table over the HF radio channel in the Earth-to-Earth slot to another available HF NS, from which it is transmitted to the ATC or UAL control tower or to control point of the HF system for exchanging packet data through the ground communication subsystem. The data packet from the ATC or UAL control center or from the HF control center of the packet data exchange system, intended for the HF onboard station, which is registered at an inaccessible HF ground station, is transmitted through the ground communication subsystem to the available HF NS, from which it is then broadcast over HF radio channel "Earth-Earth" to an inaccessible HF ground station, and from which it is further transmitted via the HF radio channel "Air-Earth" to the HF onboard station. A data packet from an HF data exchange control point, addressed to an inaccessible HF ground station, is transmitted through the terrestrial communication subsystem to an available HF ground station, from where it is broadcast over an HF Earth-to-Earth radio channel to an inaccessible HF ground station. Urgent information is broadcast via HF Earth-to-Air radio channels from all HF ground stations available to the selected HF on-board station, and the corresponding HF ground stations and Earth-to-Earth radio channels, as well as available HF on-board stations, are used to relay urgent information. In the event of a segment failure, the terrestrial communication subsystems provide it bypassing it by broadcasting the corresponding information over the Earth-to-Earth HF radio channel from the available HF ground station closest to the breakage via the Earth-to-Earth HF radio channels to another / other available / available HF ground station / stations located / located on the other side of the cliff. Based on the analysis of the state and parameters of the HF radio channel, information about the new recommended types of modulation, codes, interleaving, scrambling, transmission rate is transmitted to the opposite side, and then, using the time stamps of global navigation satellite systems, new recommended types of modulation are programmatically generated on the transmit and receive sides simultaneously, codes, interleaving, scrambling and organize the process of data exchange.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the inability to quickly change the operating frequency mode due to the lack of a procedure for compensating the reactive component of the antenna at each operating frequency of the HF range, resulting in a loss of power of the emitted radio signal.

The technical result of the invention is an increase in noise immunity.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of radio communication with mobile objects, including processes in which airspace is divided into service areas, in each area a ground complex (NC) is installed with a ground station of the high-frequency range, one of which is assigned to the leading HF NS, from it, through the terrestrial data transmission network, all HF NSs located in the corresponding service area receive information about the processes of communication planning and dynamic management of communication resources, store it, from each HF NS they emit radio signals at all frequencies, which are periodically assigned and activated in the leading HF NS, different HF NS have different sets of active operating frequencies, data is exchanged between the HF NS and the HF onboard station located on the software, through the ground data network, packet data is exchanged between message sources (IS) and each HF NS, including the master HF NS, the message received by HF NS with HF BS is broadcast to the source To the nickname of the message that issued the appropriate control command via the terrestrial data network, the data packet from the IS or from the leading HF NS intended for a particular HF BS is transmitted through the terrestrial data network to the HF NS, from which it is further transmitted via the HF radio channel "Earth- Air "to the HF BS, a data packet from the leading HF NS, addressed to a specific HF NS, is transmitted through the terrestrial data network to the HF NS, urgent information is broadcast via HF radio channels" Ground-Air "from all HF NS for the selected HF BS, to Based on the analysis of the state and parameters of the HF radio channel from the HF BS, information is transmitted to the opposite side and then, using the time stamps of the global navigation satellite systems, the data exchange process is programmatically organized on the transmission and reception sides, the HF NS are located over the territory so that their service areas, limited by the sectors of responsibility of single-hop paths of the HF range, which are the most reliable in terms of communication, blocked all routes mobile objects with HF BS moving in space carry out a unified planning of communication of all HF NS with the leading HF NS, to ensure uniform time synchronization of all HF NS and HF BS they use time stamps of global navigation satellite systems, in all HF NS they store information about control commands from the IS until the receipt from the selected HF BS of a report on the reliable reception of the corresponding control command, by the computational and experimental method on the leading HF NS, lists of non-repeatable communication frequencies are created for all HF NS for a certain period of time, for example, for a day, and the time interval for the emission of radio signals for it, enter these data and the frequency switching time over the terrestrial data transmission network to all HF NS, and in the HF BS - during pre-flight preparation, periodically with an interval less than the stationarity interval of the quasi-regular parameters of the ionosphere (less than 5 minutes), the HF NS emit signals at the designated a set of two frequencies known to all subscribers, pairs The meters of radio signals of all HF NS, covering the location of the HF BS by service areas limited by the sectors of responsibility of single-hop paths of the HF range, including the value of the signal-to-noise ratio, and, therefore, the reliability of reception, all changes in the frequency ratings on the HF NS transmitted from the leading HF NS , are fixed on the corresponding HF NS, if there is information for the HF BS on the route, the HF NS is determined on the leading HF NS, in the service areas of which the required HF BS is located, control commands are transmitted to them, which are stored on the selected HF NS until a report is received. parameters of communication channels and other data from the HF BS, after which the control commands received at the HF NS from the message source are transmitted to the HF BS, while the frequency of the HF BS receiver is not switched even if a radio channel appears on a different frequency with better parameters , in the HF BS, the quality of all received signals from the HF NS is assessed, in the service areas of which the selected HF BS is located, the pairs meters and, if, when analyzing the address part of the received message, the address coincides with its own, then at a known frequency, data on the time of measurements of the parameters of the radio channel, the location and parameters of the movement of the software with the HF BS are transmitted to the corresponding HF NS, data on interference and await reception of the control command HF NS receive the message, evaluate its reliability, in the absence of errors, consider that the channel is composed, prepare the HF NS transmitter to generate and transmit a message in the form of a radio signal with a known frequency with an information part in the form of a control command intended for the selected HF BS in the HF BS receive a control command, evaluate its reliability, address, in the absence of errors and the coincidence of the address with its own, transmit it to the on-board information consumers, then prepare the HF BS transmitter for the formation and transmission of a response message about the correct reception of the transmitted information in the form of a radio signal with a known frequency and information part, intended source to the nickname of the message from which the control command was received in the form of a formalized message, during the operation of the HF BS transmitter, its receivers are blocked, after reliable reception of the control command at the HF BS and sending a report on its correct reception at the HF BS to the corresponding HF BS, the process of receiving and evaluating the parameters signals continues, the HF NS receives a response message from the HF BS, evaluates its reliability, in the absence of errors, data is generated and via the terrestrial data network is transmitted to the source of the message, the information of which was transmitted to the HF BS, after the data exchange procedure for generating signals in the HF NS and the estimates of their parameters in the HF BS continue, the location of the HF BS is determined by navigation data from the outputs of the receivers of global navigation satellite systems and transmitted in response messages to the HF NS, where, using the extrapolation method, the location of the HF BS is determined for the next communication session, estimating the probability of hitting it in the service area of HF NS, og Limited by the sectors of responsibility of single-hop paths of the HF range, they are developing several versions of communication plans, with each version having a corresponding communication plan code and a code for starting work on a new communication plan, tied to a single time, the developed versions of communication plans are transmitted to all subscribers of the radio communication system, which will be for they are common for a given period of time, then at a given time, if information is available, the transmission or reception of messages from each subscriber begins on the opposite side via two radio channels at different operating frequencies spaced across the HF range, while two operating frequencies are assigned using the group method of using frequencies on HF BS and HF NS, and two operating frequencies are selected located in the frequency range in such a way as to ensure uncorrelated radio signals and independence of interference levels at these frequencies, the operating frequencies allocated for HF NS in the same time interval do not repeat, before the end communication session according to the current communication plan, all subscribers are given the code of the next communication plan and the code for starting work on it, after which the processes of sending and receiving messages continue.

An increase in noise immunity is ensured by the formation and transmission of radio signals simultaneously at all HF NS and HF BS at two operating frequencies located in the high-frequency range so as to ensure uncorrelated radio signals and independence of the interference levels at these frequencies, the magnitude of which varies in different communication sessions according to the law and in time intervals known to all subscribers.

The essence of the method is as follows. High-frequency ground stations are located across the territory so that their service areas, limited by the sectors of responsibility of single-hop high-frequency paths, the most reliable in communication, would overlap all routes of movement of mobile objects with high-frequency on-board stations moving in space. The single-hop route of the HF range looks conventionally in the form of a "steering wheel", the inner radius r _{1 of} which is 500 km, and the outer one is approximately (2500-3000) km (excluding the boundaries of the HF NS responsibility sector). For subscribers located inside the zone with a radius of r ₁ , communication is carried out from remote HF NS serving other areas of responsibility, and located at a distance of ≈ (1000-2500) km from this HF NS. Before starting work on the leading HF NS, several versions of communication plans are developed, and each version has a corresponding code and a code for starting work according to a new communication plan tied to a single time. The codes are transmitted to all subscribers of the radio communication system and they will be common for them for a specified period of time. Then, at a given time, in the presence of information, transmission or reception on the opposite side of messages from each subscriber begins via two radio channels at different operating frequencies spaced across the HF range. Operating frequencies allocated for ground complexes in the same time interval are not repeated. Before the end of a communication session according to the first communication plan, the codes of the next communication plan are transmitted to all subscribers and the start of work on it, and so on. To ensure a given level of noise immunity and reliability of communication in the area of responsibility of each HF NS, two active frequencies of the HF range are assigned from the general list of active frequencies, the codes of which are assigned in the leading HF NS for a certain time interval of the current day, for example, duration (1-2) hours, optimal (from the point of view of the collected statistics) according to the conditions of radio wave propagation, electromagnetic compatibility and low level of interference. Then the code of the assigned frequency set along with the time interval of its activation is brought to each HF NS via the terrestrial data network, thus realizing the frequency division multiple access (FDMA) protocol.

In the process of preparing for data exchange, all HF BS and HF NS carry out monitoring (without going on the air, since mobile objects with HF BS can move in space in radio silence mode) of the radio frequency spectrum, determine the levels of interference on the allocated leading HF NS of known operating frequencies and in the presence of interference, they are urgently reported in known time intervals at the selected frequency to the corresponding HF NS or from the HF NS to the leading HF NS for the correction of the plan, about which all subscribers are notified. HF NS are located on the territory so that their service areas, limited by the sectors of responsibility of single-hop routes of the HF range, the most reliable in terms of communication, repeatedly (more than 3 times) overlap all routes of movement of mobile objects from the HF BS. At each HF NS, using the group method of using frequencies with the leading HF NS, two frequencies are assigned, located in the frequency range so that uncorrelated radio signals and independence of interference levels at these frequencies are ensured. Using a computational and experimental method, on the leading HF NS, they create lists of non-repeatable communication frequencies for all HF NS for a certain period of time, for example, for a day, the frequency switching time, the time interval of their radiation, known to all subscribers of the system, and enter these data from the leading HF NS on terrestrial data transmission network in HF NS, and in HF BS - during pre-flight preparation.

Periodically, with an interval less than the stationarity interval of the quasi-regular parameters of the ionosphere (less than 5 minutes), from each HF NS, in the presence of information from the leading HF NS and the source of information, radio signals are emitted on a designated set of two frequencies known to all subscribers of the system. In this case, the information response from the HF BS contains, for example, a preamble for the output of the automatic adjustment of the terrestrial successor of the HF NS to the steady state, the address of the sender of the information to the HF BS - the source of the message, a report on the quality of the control command reception, the recommended speed in the channel, the time of parameter measurement channel, HF BS location, data on the presence of interference and their level and other information.

Spatial, frequency diversity, as well as temporal diversity (due to coding and interleaving), allows increasing the signal-to-noise ratio, and, consequently, the noise immunity of information reception and reducing the information delivery time, since in this case it is required to carry out fewer requests to repeat the incorrectly received one. information.

Radio signals are emitted from each HF NS at two active frequencies, which contain a preamble for outputting the automatic gain control of the successor to the steady state, the addresses of the information sender - the source of the message and the HF BS, or broadcast mode, for example, when all bits in the allocated time interval are ones.

The peculiarity of the assignment of the address part of the radio signal, for example, is as follows: if there is no information in it, then it is used on the HF BS only to analyze the parameters of the communication channel, and if there is an address of the HF BS registered in the system, then this is a sign of the presence of information on the HF NS for the corresponding HF BS, a special feature, for example, all units is the broadcast mode, which indicates that the HF BS, starting from the next communication session, must be ready to receive control commands from the HF NS.

Unified planning of communication of all HF NS is carried out with the leading HF NS, taking into account the replacement of transceiver nodes that have failed due to malfunctions, information about which from the HF NS to the leading HF NS is received via the terrestrial data transmission network. In the HF NS, in the service area of which the selected HF BS is located, information is stored (control commands from the IS). All changes in the nominal frequencies on the HF NS transmitted from the leading HF NS, for example, in the presence of interference, are recorded in the AWP calculator and transmitted to the HF NS, through which all HF BS are notified. This procedure, used dynamically, increases noise immunity.

To ensure the electromagnetic compatibility of HF NS, which increases the noise immunity of the system, by the calculation and experimental method on the leading HF NS they create lists of non-repeatable communication frequencies for all HF NS for a certain time interval, for example, for a day, the time interval for the emission of radio signals on them, enter these data the time of frequency switching over the terrestrial data network to all HF NS. All changes in the nominal frequencies on the HF NS, transmitted from the leading HF NS, are recorded on the corresponding HF NS, which can be used when entering data into the HF BS during pre-flight preparation.

Based on the known location of the HF BS, determined from the response signals using the extrapolation method [12], on the leading HF NS, the HF NS is determined, in the area of responsibility of which the required HF BS is located.

To ensure uniform time synchronization of all HF NS and HF BS use time stamps from the outputs of receivers of global navigation satellite systems. Therefore, the time position of the slots, the frequency switching time set with the leading HF NS, is synchronized for all subscribers (via the terrestrial data network).

The operation of automatically composing a channel for organizing communication between HF NS and HF BS is shortened (in comparison with analogs) in time and is performed as follows (Fig. 2):

- in the presence of information from the IS for the HF BS located on the route, on the leading HF NS, those HF NS are determined, in the service area of which the required HF BS is located, and the address of the HF BS and control commands from information sources are transmitted to them, which are stored on HF NS until a response message is received from the called HF BS - a report on the correct reception of the transmitted control command;

- calling HF NS address the called HF BS and transmit the corresponding address in radio signals;

- in the called HF BS, the quality of all received radio signals of the HF NS is assessed, the best of them is selected at the current time, the most suitable for the propagation conditions of radio waves and the interference environment at a given frequency, for example, in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio, the address of the called HF BS is analyzed. If, when analyzing the address part of the received radio signal, the address coincides with its own, then in the next message, at a known frequency, data is transmitted on the recommended transmission rate, signal-to-noise ratio in the channel, measurement time, location of the subscriber and parameters of the movement of the software with the HF BS, the address of the corresponding HF NS with the best communication channel, these parameters are memorized, in the next communication session they are transmitted and, starting from the next radio signal, they are waiting for the control command to be received;

- on the calling HF NS, information from the called HF BS is received with varying degrees of reliability, while only one HF NS will have the most reliable data. Then, the address of the HF NS is analyzed, if the address matches its own, then it is considered that the channel has been created, and, starting from the next slot in time, at a known frequency with a given rate indicated in the message from the called HF BS, control commands are transmitted for this HF BS ... During the transmission of control commands at two frequencies of the HF NS, the frequencies of the receivers of radio stations in the HF HF range of the BS are not switched even if a frequency with a high signal-to-noise ratio appears;

- in the called HF BS, the quality of reception of the control command from the selected HF NS is assessed, reports on correct or incorrect reception are prepared and transmitted to the HF NS in order to receive a repeated message;

- after the reliable reception of the report on the correct reception of the control command at the HF BS, the process of receiving and evaluating the parameters of radio signals at the HF BS continues;

- in case of unreliable reception of the control command in the response message from the HF BS, a request is sent to retransmit the control command and the information processing procedures are repeated.

In the HF BS, the radio frequency spectrum is monitored, the levels of interference at known operating points of the system are determined and, in the presence of interference, they are urgently reported in the first response radio signal along with data on interference to the corresponding HF NS. On the HF NS, similar procedures are also carried out and then from the HF NS to the leading HF NS they broadcast these messages and notifications about this to all subscribers.

In the case when the HF BS work in a group and only the HF BS of the slave correctly received the message, then it broadcasts the data received without errors to the HF BS of the master via the line-of-sight radio link and expects confirmation from it, which is then transmitted to the corresponding HF NS. This procedure also increases the noise immunity of the system.

Knowing the time of broadcasting radio signals of the i-th HF NS and its frequency, switching the receivers of the HF radio station for this time, it is possible to estimate the parameters of the radio signals of all HF NS, covering the HF BS caused by a single-hop path of the HF range, taking into account the sectors of responsibility of the HF NS.

The location of the HF BS is determined by binding them to the navigation data of receivers of global navigation satellite systems and transmitting it in response messages to the corresponding HF NS, where, using the extrapolation method, the location of the HF BS is determined for the next communication session, calculating the probability of it falling into the service areas limited by the sectors of responsibility single-hop routes of HF NS.

The value of the operating frequencies of the two radio signals and the position of the time interval of their emission are known to all subscribers of the system and are the identifiers of the HF ground stations.

Increased noise immunity is ensured by:

- the introduction of the mode of tuning the operating frequency in the HF range, in which it is difficult to form an aiming interference;

- formation and broadcasting of two radio signals simultaneously, the frequencies of which are spaced across the HF range so that the time of day at the points of transmission and reception of messages is taken into account;

- decreasing the standing wave ratio - increasing the radiated power in the HF range with the introduction of the procedure for matching the output impedance of the transmitter of the HF radio station with the input impedance of the antenna at all operating points;

- broadcasting urgent information for the selected HF BS via HF radio channels "Earth-Air" from all HF ground stations;

- use of time stamps from the output of the receiver of signals of global navigation satellite systems to form a single time scale for all subscribers of the system, which makes it possible to accurately determine the time of frequency change.

The developed procedures allow not only to increase the noise immunity of data transmission, but also to reduce the message delivery time.

The technical result of the proposed radio communication method is achieved by the fact that in a radio communication system with mobile objects, consisting of M ground complexes (NC), connected by radio communication channels with N mobile objects (PO), both directly and through the corresponding communication satellites from the constellation of satellites, and the ground complexes are connected to each other using a terrestrial data transmission network with the input / output of the system, and the ground complex contains a ground satellite communication station with a ground antenna of a ground satellite communication station, an MB band terrestrial radio station with an MB band terrestrial antenna, an interface module connected by two-way connections to the ground data transmission network with the input / output of the system and to the corresponding input / output of the computer of an automated workstation (AWS), the first input of which is connected to the receiver of signals of global navigation satellite systems, the second input to the control panel of the AWS, and the output to the monitor AWP, in the composition of each and The mobile objects include on-board sensors, an on-board receiver of signals from global navigation satellite systems and an analyzer of the type of received messages, each of which is connected to the corresponding inputs of the on-board computer, the first input / output of which is connected to the bidirectional bus of the control system of the mobile object, the second input / output through an on-board satellite communication station to the on-board antenna of an on-board satellite communication station for communication with a communication satellite from the constellation of satellites, the third input / output is connected to the control unit of the on-board antenna of the on-board satellite communication station, the output of which is connected to the control input of the on-board antenna of the on-board satellite communication station, the fourth input / output through on-board data transmission equipment connected in series by two-way communications, the on-board radio station of the MB range is connected to the on-board antenna of the MB range, the output of the on-board computer is connected to the input of the data recording unit, the first on-board antenna is in the HF range a, the first on-board radio station of the HF range, the first and second inputs / outputs of which are connected by two-way connections to the corresponding inputs / outputs of the on-board computer and on-board data transmission equipment, respectively, the first on-board antenna matching device is additionally introduced into the software, the first and second inputs / outputs of which are connected by two-way communications to the corresponding inputs / outputs of the on-board computer and the first on-board radio station of the HF range, respectively, and the third input / output to the first on-board antenna of the HF range, the second on-board radio station of the HF range, the first and second inputs / outputs of which are connected by two-way connections to the corresponding inputs / to the outputs of the on-board computer and on-board data transmission equipment, respectively, and the third input / output through the second on-board antenna matching device is connected to the second on-board antenna of the HF range, the third input / output of the second on-board antenna matching device is connected by two-way communications with the corresponding input / output of the on-board computer, the on-board control command storage unit, the input / output of which is connected by two-way connections with the corresponding input / output of the on-board computer, and ground data transmission equipment is introduced on the NC, the first and second inputs / outputs of which are connected to the inputs / outputs satellite ground station and ground radio station of the MB range, respectively, and the third - to the corresponding input / output of the AWP computer, the ground control unit of the ground antenna of the satellite ground station, the input / output of which is connected to the corresponding input / output of the AWP computer, and the output is connected to the input control of the terrestrial antenna of a satellite communication ground station, the first terrestrial radio station of the HF range, the first terrestrial radio station of the HF range, the second terrestrial radio station of the HF range, the second terrestrial antenna of the HF range, while the first and second inputs / outputs of the first terrestrial radio station of the HF range are connected by two-way connections to the on the corresponding inputs / outputs of the ground calculator AWP and ground data transmission equipment, respectively, and the third input / output through the first ground antenna matching device is connected to the first ground antenna of the HF range, the third input / output of the first ground antenna matching device is bi-directionally connected to the corresponding input / output ground computer AWP, the first and second inputs / outputs of the second ground radio station of the HF range are connected by two-way connections to the corresponding inputs / outputs of the ground computer AWP and ground data transmission equipment, respectively, and the third input / output through the second ground antenna matching device is connected to the second ground HF antenna range, the third input / output of the second ground antenna matching device is connected by two-way connections with the corresponding input / output of the ground computer AWP, the ground block for storing control commands, the input / output of which is connected by two-way connections with the corresponding the current input / output of the AWP calculator, while the first and second on-board radio stations of the HF range, the first and second on-board antenna matching device, the first and second on-board antennas of the HF range, together with the on-board computer and on-board data transmission equipment and their mutual connections constitute the on-board station of the HF range , the first and second terrestrial radio stations of the HF range, the first and second terrestrial antenna matching device, the first and second terrestrial antennas of the HF range together with the APM computer and ground data transmission equipment and their mutual connections constitute a terrestrial station of the HF range.

The proposed method and system of radio communication with software for its implementation are illustrated by the figures. FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a radio communication system with mobile objects; FIG. 2 and 3 show the structural diagrams of the mobile object 2 and the ground complex 1, respectively, where it is indicated:

1 - ground complex, which includes HF NS;

2 - a mobile object with an HF BS;

3 - terrestrial data transmission network with input / output of 4 systems;

5 - onboard computer;

6 - onboard sensors;

7 - onboard receiver of signals from navigation satellite systems, for example, GLONASS / GPS;

8 - data logging unit;

9 - onboard data transmission equipment (APD);

10 - onboard radio station MB range;

11 - onboard MB band antenna;

12 - MB band terrestrial antenna;

13 - MB band terrestrial radio station;

14 - ground data transmission equipment;

15 - calculator AWP;

16 - ground receiver of signals from navigation satellite systems;

17 - AWP monitor;

18 - AWP control panel;

19 - analyzer of the type of received messages;

20 - bidirectional bus of the moving object control system;

21 - on-board control command storage unit;

22 - ground block for storing control commands;

23 - the first airborne radio station of the HF range;

24 - the first onboard HF antenna;

25 - onboard satellite communication station;

26 - onboard antenna of onboard satellite communication station;

27 - interface module;

28 - ground antenna of a satellite communication station;

29 - satellite ground station;

30 - communication satellite from the constellation of satellites;

31 - ground control unit of the ground antenna of the ground satellite communication station;

32 - on-board control unit of the on-board antenna of the on-board satellite communication station;

33 - the first onboard antenna matching device;

34 - the second onboard radio station of the HF range;

35 - second onboard antenna matching device;

36 - the second onboard HF antenna;

37 - the first terrestrial antenna matching device;

38 - the second terrestrial radio station of the HF range;

39 - second terrestrial antenna matching device;

40 - the second terrestrial antenna of the HF range;

41 - the first terrestrial radio station of the HF range;

42 is the first terrestrial HF antenna.

The algorithm of operation of a radio communication system with software, built according to the above method, consists in conducting continuous analysis in NK 1 and software 2 of the parameters of communication channels and transmitted control commands used to exchange data between system objects for their correctness and logical validity.

The radio communication system with mobile objects according to the above method works as follows. Before starting work on the leading HF NS, several versions of communication plans are developed in the corresponding NC 1, and each version has a corresponding communication plan code. The codes of the communication plan and the start of work on the new communication plan, tied to a single time, are transmitted to the units 21 and 22 for storing control commands to all subscribers of the system, and they will be common for them for a given period of time.

Then, at a given time, in the presence of information from the leading HF NS or IS, transmission or reception on the opposite side of messages from each subscriber begins via two radio channels at different operating frequencies spaced across the HF range. The operating frequencies allocated for ground complexes in the same time interval are not repeated, before the end of the communication session according to the first communication plan, they transmit to all subscribers the following work code for the new communication plan and the code for starting work according to the new communication plan, and so on. With the help of the group method of using frequencies at HF BS and HF NS, two frequencies are assigned, located in the frequency range in such a way as to ensure uncorrelated radio signals and independence of interference levels at these frequencies.

Before starting work, after installing antennas 24, 42, 36 and 40 on the system objects, procedures are carried out to match the output impedance of the transmitter of radio stations 23 and 34 (on software), 41 and 38 (on NK 1) of the HF range with the input impedance of antennas 24 and 36, 42 and 40, respectively, at all operating points of the range.

Matching is carried out by compensating for the reactivity (inductive or capacitive) of the connected antenna using antenna matching devices 33 and 35, 37 and 39, controlled by nodes 5 and 15. All received and necessary for adjustment data on the state of the switching nodes at all operating points are sequentially recorded in memory of nodes 5 and 15 for the subsequent installation of operating frequencies in the corresponding antenna matching devices 33 and 35, 37 and 39.

Automatic tuning at the beginning of work begins with the selection of the first two in the list of operating frequencies of receivers and transmitters of radio stations 41 and 38, 23 and 34, antenna matching devices 33 and 35, 37 and 39 by a control command from blocks 21 and 22 for storing control commands. The commands correspond to one of the codes previously recorded and processed in calculators 5 and 15. Then, sequentially in time through a time interval known to all subscribers of the system, a second pair of operating frequencies known to all subscribers of the system is formed, then a third pair, and so on until the end of the current communication plan ... Then a new communication plan is entered and the system is resumed.

To tune the antenna matching devices 33 and 35, 37 and 39 to the required next operating frequency according to the communication plan, means of generation, control, switching are used [13]. The division factors when generating the operating frequency are selected so that its operating points would overlap the entire set of frequencies, the values and the sequence of setting in time of which are entered at the control input from the calculators 5 and 15, depending on the entered communication plan. So it continues until the end of the work on the current communication plan.

According to the initial data entered in advance together with the communication plan at nodes 21 and 22, using nodes 5 and 15, the next pair of operating frequencies known to all subscribers of the system is set up, which should be on the air for a given time interval, synchronized with time stamps from receivers 7 and 16 signals of global navigation satellite systems. After the programmed switching of the circuits in nodes 33 and 35, 37 and 39 in the next communication session, depending on the commands from nodes 5 and 15, equipment is connected, which at the current time is already tuned to the operating frequency set by the software according to the communication plan, and other equipment according to The initial data entered in advance according to the communication plan begins to tune to the next operating frequency known to all subscribers of the system, and so on [14-17].

At the initial time in the system, using the computer 15 AWP and the corresponding operator, all received from the software 2 directly via radio links or via satellite 30 from the constellation of satellites, radio signals are analyzed and mobile objects are determined to which appropriate control commands must be sent [10]. To do this, a corresponding command is selected from the menu on the screen of the AWP monitor 17, formed on the basis of the data stored in the ground block 22 for storing control commands, and is monitored in the AWP calculator 15 for the consistency of this command for a specific mobile object 2 and the state of its equipment. After checking, the message in parallel through the NK equipment 1: nodes 14, 13, 12 - for the MB band channel with direct visibility between objects and with over-the-horizon communication through the HF NS nodes 14, 41, 37, 42 and 14, 38, 39, 40 - for HF channels, nodes 14, 29, 28 together with 30 - for the satellite channel is transmitted to the corresponding software 2. Received on the software 2, passing through nodes 11, 10, 9 - for the MB channel with line of sight between objects, with over-the-horizon communication through nodes 25, 26 together with 32 - for the satellite channel, through the HF BS nodes 24, 33, 23, 9 and 36, 35, 34, 9 - for the HF channel, are processed in the on-board computer 5. In the process of processing, two channels are selected the most reliable information, for example, signal-to-noise ratio. In the ground block 22 for storing control commands, data on all operating commands for controlling mobile objects are stored in the system, and in block 21 - only control commands specific to the equipment of the software 2. Then, the messages received on the software 2 are processed in the block 19 for analyzing the message type. If the message is intended for this software 2, then after analyzing the reliability of the messages and the consistency of the operations performed on the software 2 in accordance with the current state of the equipment of the moving object and visual control by the navigator of the received control command on the screen of the on-board data logging unit 8 (with a "prompt" from the on-board computer 5) the issue of data translation via the bidirectional bus 20 to the control system of the software 2, not indicated in FIG. 2. Loading into the memory of the on-board computer 5 the necessary data, including the composition of the control commands and the communication plan, is carried out in the form of a system table during the pre-flight preparation of the mobile object 2 through the input / output 4 of the ground data network 3 and the equipment of the MB band radio channel. Received on the software 2 _i information is displayed on the screen of the on-board data logging unit 8 in the form of alphanumeric characters, points and vectors or in another form. When the control command is executed on PO 2, a report is generated about its implementation and transmitted to NK 1. On the ground complex 1, according to the received report, the operator additionally evaluates the current situation on PO 2 and the air situation around it.

Messages about the location of software 2 and the parameters of its movement, for example, from the outputs of receivers 7 and 16 of signals of global navigation satellite systems, for example, GLONASS / GPS, or from the outputs of inertial systems, are recorded in the memory of calculators 5 and 15.

In a situation where one or more PO 2 went beyond the line of sight with NK 1, a transition is carried out according to mutually time-coordinated commands from the onboard and ground computers 5 and 15 to replace the MB band radio link with a satellite radio link consisting of an onboard satellite communications station 25 with antenna 26 and with the corresponding control unit 32, and in the ground complex 1 - from the ground satellite communication station 29 with the corresponding antenna 28 and with the control unit 31, as well as on the HF BS PO 2, consisting of two parallel circuits: onboard radio stations 23 ( 34) of the HF range, onboard antenna matching devices 33 (35), onboard antennas 24 (36) of the HF range and in the HF NS of the ground complex 1 - ground radio stations 41 (38) of the HF range, ground antenna matching devices 37, (39), ground antennas 42 (40) of the HF range. Time binding of control commands is carried out using global time stamps supplied to calculators 5 and 15 from the outputs of receivers 7 and 16 of signals of global navigation satellite systems.

To increase the noise immunity of data transmission to mobile objects in conditions of interference that are out of line of sight from NK 1, when using two parallel radio lines of the HF range and the corresponding two channels in computers 5 and 15, onboard and ground data transmission equipment 9 and 14, and others nodes, known technologies are used [10, 13, 18].

In the on-board and ground computers 5 and 15, pre-laid tables with lists of ground complexes 1, mobile objects 2 and sets of frequencies assigned at a certain time are stored for a given time interval. The on-board computer 5 also contains the coordinates of all NK 1 and their areas of responsibility. Each NK 1 emits a pair of radio signals used by PO 2 on all frequencies assigned to it at a specific time. On PO 2, according to the received radio signals, NC 1 is determined, the parameters of two radio signals of which are received most stably, and data exchange begins with it. Radio signals received at PO 2 are used to estimate the parameters of communication channels in different parts of the HF range. To establish a communication line with NK 1 in the on-board computer 5 PO 2, the received radio signals from ground complexes 1 are automatically analyzed and the best frequencies are selected, for example, in relation to the signal / interference ratio or the value of the received signal power, and ground complexes 1 to implement the well-known principle of frequency adaptation and space. Based on the measured signal-to-noise ratio, the type of over-the-horizon radio communication line is selected in the on-board computer 5 PO 2. Evaluation of the signal-to-noise ratio is carried out by all NK 1 and PO 2 each time an information message is received. In the onboard and ground data transmission equipment 9 and 14, when operating in the HF range, well-known algorithms can be used, for example, high-speed adaptive modems designed to operate in multipath channels. To increase the reliability of information reception, an error-correcting code, for example, a cyclic one, can be used.

In the calculator 15 AWP, operations are performed to reformat the codogram from the format of the "Air-Earth" channel to the format of the terrestrial data transmission network 3 with storage in the database and from the format of the terrestrial data network 3 to the format of the Air-to-Earth channel with storage in the database, interaction with the interface module 27 for transmission / reception of codograms in the format of the terrestrial data transmission network 3 is provided, and a control signal is generated to complete the reception of the corresponding control command from the information source.

In case of simultaneous detection in NK 1 of radio signals from different software 2 in the calculator 15 AWP (if possible) all signals are processed. According to the received messages, the computer 15 AWS generates a response in the order of receipt or depending on the priority of the message. In the calculator 15 AWPs of all NK 1, a continuous analysis of the transmitted and received control commands is carried out, their joint processing, the development of a decision and the issuance in the following messages (if necessary) to the moving objects 2 recommendations for the subsequent control actions.

The leading HF NS, in addition to the operations discussed above, performs the function of controlling the processes occurring in the system and distributing communication plans at a certain point in time to all subscribers of the system. Operations of preparation of communication plans, formation of status tables and registration of software 2, management of system configuration, quality of data transmission in conditions of interference, processing of signals of remote diagnostics are added to the control functions of the leading HF NS. From the computer 15 AWP through the interface module 27, the input / output 4 of the ground data network 3 provides an interface with the sources (receivers) of the system messages located on the ground and the programming of the onboard computers 5 of mobile objects 2 at the airfield during pre-flight preparation. Synchronization of the operation of the terrestrial data network 3 is carried out on the basis of the use by all subscribers - participants in the movement of a single global universal time (UTC), received from the existing objects of the global navigation satellite system.

For the interaction of ground complexes 1, end users and software 2, ground data transmission network 3 is used. It can be implemented in various well-known ways, for example, when the NK 1 internetworking through the packet switching centers in accordance with the X.25 protocol [18]. Connections between NC 1 and X.25 packet switching centers (routers) can be provided through dedicated or leased communication channels. They will make it possible to broadcast a message addressed by the user to a certain software 2 to the ground complex 1 on which this software 2 is "registered", and where the optimal reception conditions are provided at a given time.

The proposed method and radio communication system allow to increase the noise immunity of the transmission of control commands to the software and can be used to organize a domestic HF communication network.

At the time of filing the application, algorithms of functioning and corresponding software were developed. Nodes 1-11, 15-24, 27-32 are the same as the prototype. The input nodes 12-14, 25-26, 33-42 can be performed on well-known serially manufactured products [10, 13, 18].

Literature:

1. ARINC 635-3. Specification. HF Data Link Protocols. 12/2000.

2. ARINC Characteristics 753-3. HF Data Link System. 2001.

3. Appendix 10 to the ICAO Agreements (Volume 3, Part 1, Chapter 11). Geneva. ICAO. 2000.

4. GLOBALLink / HF. HF DATA LINK. Technical Experts Meeting. Moscow. 16-17 May. 1996.

5. Dr.D. Yaviz. Cost of Truly Mobile Beyond Line-Of-Sight Communications or "How Much Does it Cost to Get a Bit From A to B?" HARRIS, 1994.

6. ARINC 634. Specification. HF Data Link System Design Guidance Material. 8/96.

7. Guidelines for HF data lines. Geneva. ICAO. 2001.

8. Report from the AD HOC Working Group on HF Data Link. Draft Version 1.0. September 29, 1995.

9. RF patent No. 2286030.

10. RF patent No. 2698507.

11. RF patent No. 2612276 (prototype).

12. Kontorov, D.S. Introduction to radar systems engineering / D.S. Kontorov, Yu.S. Golubev-Novozhilov. - M .: Soviet radio, 1971. - 367 p.

13. RF patent (useful model) No. 106063.

14. Design of radio transmitting devices using computers: a textbook for universities / O.V. Alekseev, A.A. Golovkov, A. Ya. Dmitriev and others; Ed. O.V. Alekseeva. - M .: Radio and communication, 1987 .-- 392 p.

15. Filippovich G.A. Method of broadband impedance matching. "Radio engineering and electronics". Mn., No. 25, 2000, pp. 153-159.

16. Filippovich G.A. Synthesis of transfer functions for complex loads. "Physics of wave processes and radio engineering systems". Volume 6, No. 1, 2003, pp. 73-76.

17. Filippovich G.A. Solvability of the system of constraints in problems of broadband matching. // Radio engineering devices and systems, 2003.

18. B.I. Kuzmin Digital telecommunication networks and systems, Part 1 "Concept" ICAO CNS / ATM. Moscow St. Petersburg: JSC "NIIER", 1999, 206 p.

Claims (2)

1. A method of radio communication with mobile objects (PO), including processes in which airspace is divided into service areas, in each zone a ground complex (NC) is installed with a ground station of the high-frequency range (HF NS), one of which is assigned to the leading HF NS, from it, through the terrestrial data transmission network, all HF NSs located in the corresponding service area receive information about the processes of communication planning and dynamic management of communication resources, store it, from each HF NS they emit radio signals at all frequencies, which are periodically assigned and activated in the leading HF NS, different HF NS have different sets of active operating frequencies, between the HF NS and the HF onboard station (HF BS) located on the software, they exchange data, exchange packet data between the message sources (IS) and each HF through the ground data network. NS, including the leading HF NS, the message received by the HF NS with the HF BS is broadcast to the source of the message that issued the corresponding a control command via a terrestrial data network, a data packet from an IS or from a leading HF NS, intended for a specific HF BS, is transmitted through a terrestrial data network to an HF NS, from which it is then transmitted via an HF Earth-Air radio channel to an HF BS , a data packet from the leading HF NS, addressed to a specific HF BS, is transmitted through the terrestrial data network to the HF NS, urgent information is broadcast via HF radio channels "Ground-Air" from all HF NS for the selected HF BS, based on the analysis of the state and parameters The HF radio channel from the HF BS is transmitted to the opposite side of the information and then, using the time stamps of the global navigation satellite systems, the data exchange process is programmatically organized on the transmission and reception sides, the HF NS are located over the territory so that their service areas are limited by the sectors of responsibility of single-hop routes HF bands, which are the most reliable in terms of communication, covered all routes of mobile objects with HF BS moving in space, carry out a unified planning of communication of all HF NS with the leading HF NS, to ensure a single time synchronization of all HF NS and HF BS, time stamps of global navigation satellite systems are used, in all HF NS they store information about control commands from the IS until the moment they are received from the selected HF BS reports on the reliable reception of the corresponding control command, in a calculated and experimental way on the leading HF NS, they create lists of non-repeatable communication frequencies for all HF NS for a certain period of time and a time interval for the emission of radio signals on it, enter this data and the time of switching frequencies over the terrestrial transmission network data to all HF NS, and in HF BS - during pre-flight preparation, periodically with an interval less than the interval of stationarity of quasi-regular parameters of the ionosphere, from HF NS they emit signals on a designated set of two frequencies known to all subscribers, parameters of radio signals of all HF are estimated on HF BS NS, covering the location of the HF BS by zones of service, limited sectors of responsibility of single-hop paths of the HF range, all changes in the nominal frequencies on the HF NS transmitted from the leading HF NS are recorded on the corresponding HF NS, if there is information for the HF BS located on the route, the HF NS is determined on the leading HF NS, in service areas of which the required HF BS is located, control commands are transmitted to them, which are stored on the selected HF NS until a report on the parameters of communication channels and other data is received from the HF BS, after which control commands received at the HF NS from the message source are transmitted to the HF BS , while the frequency of the HF BS receiver is not switched even if a radio channel appears on a different frequency with better parameters, the HF BS evaluates the quality of all received signals from the HF NS, in the service areas of which the selected HF BS is located, the parameters are stored and, if when analyzing the address part of the received message, the address coincides with its own, then at a known frequency, data about the time of measurements of the parameters of the radio channel, the location and parameters of the movement of the UE with the HF BS, data on interference and await the receipt of the control command, the HF NS receives the message, evaluates its reliability, in the absence of errors, it is considered that the channel is composed, the transmitter of the HF NS is prepared for generation and transmission messages in the form of a radio signal with a known frequency with an information part in the form of a control command intended for the selected HF BS, a control command is received in the HF BS, its reliability, address is evaluated, in the absence of errors and the address coincides with its own, it is transmitted to on-board information consumers, then they prepare HF BS transmitter to form and transmit a response message about the correct reception of the transmitted information in the form of a radio signal with a known frequency and an information part intended for the source of the message, from which the control command was received in the form of a formalized message, for the duration of the operation of the HF BS transmitter, its receivers are blocked, after until reliable reception at the HF BS of the control command and sending to the corresponding HF NS a report on its correct reception at the HF BS, the process of receiving and evaluating the signal parameters continues, in the HF NS they receive a response message from the HF BS, evaluate its reliability, in the absence of errors, form data and the terrestrial data transmission network is transmitted to the source of the message, the information of which was transmitted to the HF BS, after the exchange of data, the procedures for generating signals in the HF NS and evaluating their parameters in the HF BS continue, the location of the HF BS is determined by navigation data from the outputs of the receivers of global navigation satellite systems and transmitted it in response messages to the HF NS, where, using the extrapolation method, the location of the HF BS for the next communication session is determined, assessing the probability of it falling into the service areas of the HF NS, limited by the sectors of responsibility of single-hop routes of the HF range, characterized in that several versions of communication plans are developed, with each version has a corresponding communication plan code and a code for starting work on a new communication plan, tied to a single time, the developed versions of communication plans are transmitted to all subscribers of the radio communication system, which will be common for them for a given period of time, then at a given time, if information is available, transmission or reception begins on the opposite side of messages from each subscriber on two radio channels at different operating frequencies, spaced across the HF range, while two operating frequencies are assigned using the group method of using frequencies on the HF BS and HF NS, and two operating frequencies are selected located in the frequency range such so that the uncorrelatedness of radio signals and the independence of the interference levels at these frequencies is ensured, the operating frequencies allocated for the HF NS in the same time interval are not repeated, before the end of the communication session according to the current communication plan, all subscribers are sent the code of the next communication plan and the start code work on it, after which the procedure Messages sending and receiving messages continue. 2. A radio communication system with mobile objects, which implements the proposed method, consisting of M ground complexes (NC), connected by radio communication channels with N mobile objects (PO), both directly and through the corresponding communication satellites from the constellation of satellites, and among themselves ground complexes connected using a terrestrial data transmission network with the input / output of the system, and the ground complex contains a ground satellite communication station with a ground antenna of a ground satellite communication station, an MB range ground radio station with an MB range terrestrial antenna, an interface module connected by two-way communications to a ground data transfer network with the input / output of the system and to the corresponding input / output of the computer of an automated workstation (AWS), the first input of which is connected to the receiver of signals of global navigation satellite systems, the second input to the control panel of the AWS, and the output to the AWP monitor, in the composition of each moving objects include on-board sensors, an on-board receiver of signals from global navigation satellite systems and an analyzer of the type of received messages, each of which is connected to the corresponding inputs of the on-board computer, the first input / output of which is connected to the bi-directional bus of the mobile object control system, the second input / output through the on-board satellite communication station to the on-board antenna onboard satellite communication station for communication with a communication satellite from the constellation of satellites, the third input / output is connected to the control unit of the onboard antenna of the onboard satellite communication station, the output of which is connected to the control input of the onboard antenna of the onboard satellite communication station, the fourth input / output through series-connected two-way communications on-board data transmission equipment, the on-board radio station of the MB range is connected to the on-board antenna of the MB range, the output of the on-board computer is connected to the input of the data recording unit, the first on-board antenna of the HF range, the first on-board radio station of the HF range, the first and second inputs / outputs of which are connected by two-way connections to the corresponding inputs / outputs of the on-board computer and on-board data transmission equipment, respectively, characterized in that the first on-board antenna matching device is additionally introduced into the software, the first and second inputs / outputs of which are connected by two-way connections to the corresponding inputs / outputs of the on-board computer and the first on-board radio station of the HF range, respectively, and the third input / output to the first on-board antenna of the HF range, the second on-board radio station of the HF range, the first and second inputs / outputs of which are connected by two-way connections to the corresponding inputs / outputs of the on-board computer and on-board data transmission equipment, respectively, and the third input / output through the second on-board antenna matching device is connected to the second on-board antenna of the HF range, the third input / output of the second on-board antenna matching device is two-way connected to the corresponding on-board computer input / output, on-board control command storage unit, the input / output of which is connected by two-way connections with the corresponding input / output of the on-board computer, and ground data transmission equipment is introduced on the NC, the first and second inputs / outputs of which are connected to the inputs / outputs of the ground station satellite communication and ground radio station of the MB range, respectively, and the third - to the corresponding input / output of the computer AWP, the ground control unit of the ground antenna of the ground satellite communication station, the input / output of which is connected to the corresponding input / output of the computer AWP, and the output is connected to the control input of the ground antenna of a satellite ground station, the first terrestrial radio station of the HF range, the first terrestrial radio station of the HF range, the second terrestrial radio station of the HF range, the second terrestrial antenna of the HF range, while the first and second inputs / outputs of the first terrestrial radio station of the HF range are connected by two-way connections to the corresponding inputs I will give / outputs of the ground calculator AWP and ground data transmission equipment, respectively, and the third input / output through the first ground antenna matching device is connected to the first ground antenna of the HF range, the third input / output of the first ground antenna matching device is bi-directionally connected to the corresponding input / output of the ground computer AWP, the first and second inputs / outputs of the second ground radio station of the HF range are connected by two-way connections to the corresponding inputs / outputs of the ground computer AWP and ground data transmission equipment, respectively, and the third input / output through the second ground antenna matching device is connected to the second ground antenna of the HF range , the third input / output of the second ground antenna matching device is connected by two-way connections with the corresponding input / output of the ground computer AWP, the ground block for storing control commands, the input / output of which is connected by two-way connections with the corresponding input / the output of the AWP calculator, while the first and second on-board radio stations of the HF range, the first and second on-board antenna matching device, the first and second on-board antennas of the HF range together with the on-board computer and on-board data transmission equipment and their mutual connections constitute the on-board station of the HF range, the first and the second terrestrial radio stations of the HF range, the first and second terrestrial antenna matching device, the first and second terrestrial antennas of the HF range, together with an APM computer and ground data transmission equipment and their mutual connections, constitute a terrestrial station of the HF range.

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