RU2742403C1 - Method for producing, burning and using fuel from water and solutions thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: proposed invention relates to engine building, engines of which can be used both in military equipment, and in any other branch of national economy, for movement of vehicle, tractor, tank, for rotation of generator during generation of electric energy or heat, for flight of aircrafts, and so forth. Method for production, combustion and use of fuel from water and its solutions, which includes spraying of finely dispersed water into combustion chamber, impact on water by high-voltage spark discharge and use of formed energy of fuel combustion for performance of work, at that in combustion chamber fine-dispersed water or its solutions are supplied, after which sprayed water is exposed to an extensive high-voltage electric discharge of 5,000-1,500,000 V by means of at least one pair of positive and negative electrodes, at which fine water is decomposed into gaseous fuel - oxygen and hydrogen (explosive mixture) with simultaneous explosive ignition thereof same discharge and power is supplied from ignition of gaseous fuel by means of volumetric shape of combustion chamber to working elements of actuator. Water is sprayed to fineness, at which water droplets sizes range from 1.0 to 50 mcm.

EFFECT: use of the proposed method will make it possible to significantly raise the technical level of engine building, to create multiple versions of engines for use in household and defence industry using a type of fuel available for each person - water.

4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The proposed invention relates to a technology for producing fuel for engines that can be used both in military equipment and in any other branch of the national economy, including for the flight of aircraft, including vertical take-off vehicles, individual and other devices.

Internal combustion engines and diesel engines are widely known that use the conversion of energy from the combustion of gasoline and, accordingly, diesel fuel - diesel fuel into the rotation of the executive body to drive cars, tractors, tanks, to rotate a generator when generating electricity or heat.

The disadvantages of such fuel include low efficiency of its use, high production costs and dependence on the raw material base.

Known turbojet engines using kerosene as fuel and oxygen as an oxidizer. Combustion of kerosene is used to create a jet gas jet that creates thrust. In these engines, the compressor draws in air, compresses it and directs it into the combustion chamber, in which the compressed air mixes with fuel, ignites and expands. Part of the energy of the expanded gas makes the turbine rotate, which is located on the same shaft with the compressor. The rest of the energy is transferred to the converging nozzle. As a result of the directed outflow of gas from the nozzle, a reactive force acts on the engine. See Wikipedia Turbojet engine. The engine consists of a housing in which air intakes are sequentially made at the inlet, low and high pressure compressors are mounted on the shaft, a combustion chamber, a turbine, and a nozzle are made.

Known more advanced and more complex design by-pass turbojet engines, in which part of the air is pumped through the external circuit of the engine, powerful and efficient turbojet by-pass engines (turbojet engines) are three-stage, two- and three-shaft with the addition of another one to the rotors of the inner circuit, in which the fan and the last stage of the turbine are connected by an additional shaft (see present5.com Turbojet engine. Turbojet engine operation diagram).

The disadvantages of the known turbojet engines using kerosene and oxidants include high costs for the manufacture of kerosene and low efficiency of its use.

Known liquid rocket fuel, consisting of two components: an oxidizer and a fuel - liquid oxygen and high-boiling fuel-ethyl alcohol, which are in a rocket in a liquid state in different tanks. See "Military Review. Armament. Energy of rocket fuels. October 4, 2019 ". The mixing of oxygen and alcohol takes place in the combustion chamber of a liquid propellant rocket engine, usually using injectors. The pressure of the fuel components is created by the operation of the turbo pump or displacement system, in which the components of the fuel pair can also participate. In addition, propellants are used to cool the liquid propellant rocket engine nozzle.

The disadvantages of the known rocket fuel can also be attributed to the low efficiency of its use.

The highest specific impulse obtained from the combustion of rocket fuel in the oxygen + hydrogen pair, which is 4.4 km / s. The specific impulse of the oxygen + kerosene pair is one quarter lower - 3.4 km / s. The specific impulse of a pair of nitrocellulose + nitroglycerin is 2.5 km / s. See "Military Review. Armament. Energy of rocket fuels. October 4, 2019 "

Therefore, the most preferred combustion products are water molecules. There are a number of attempts to use water for shock and as fuel.

The so-called "Yutkin effect" is known (see the book. L. A. Yutkin "Electrohydraulic effect and its application in industry" Leningrad, "Mechanical engineering" Leningrad branch 1986) when using which, when a high-voltage electric discharge is applied to water, electrohydraulic shock. The Yutkin effect is used in many industries, for cleaning castings see pages 109-113 Fig. 41, 43, 44, 45, for cleaning rolled products see page 114 Fig. 46, for stamping in mechanical engineering see page 122 Fig. 49, electro-hydraulic hammers see page 134 fig. 417, 418, electrohydraulic propulsion systems for floating vehicles, see page 157 fig. 440, for blasting operations see page 161 fig. 5 1. and others.

Known experience, conducted by amateurs of physical phenomena, using electrohydraulic shock "See. video youtude.com from June 19, 2009 "Experiments with Electrohydroimpact" part 4. Yutkin effect ". In this experiment, the electrodes were immersed in water poured into a tin can and a high-voltage discharge was applied. As a result of the discharge in the water, an electrohydraulic shock occurred, in which part of the water from the can was splashed out. Continuing, without any system, to supply high-voltage power to the electrodes, each time there was a discharge in water. But at the end of the experiment, the high-voltage discharge was applied after multiple discharges at the moment when the electrodes were not completely immersed in the water and were partially still in the air. A micro-explosion occurred in the air, frightening the researchers.

The electrohydraulic shock occurred due to the explosion of an explosive gas (a mixture of oxygen with hydrogen) formed when a discharge was applied between the electrodes. The explosion that has occurred indicates that when a high-voltage electric discharge is applied to a water or air medium saturated with vapors (dispersed particles of water), water instantly decomposes into a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen (explosive mixture), which immediately explodes from the same discharge.

Evidence that explosions can occur in vapors (fine particles of water) is also evidenced by the fact of the origin of thunder during a lightning discharge in a cloud saturated with moisture during a thunderstorm. Particles of water in such clouds are predominantly in a liquid state. During a snowstorm (in winter conditions), when an electrical discharge occurs - lightning, crystallized water particles instantly melt, decompose into hydrogen and oxygen, ignite and also an explosion occurs. At the same time, an extensive electrical discharge is created in a cloud (thundercloud), which creates such an amount of an explosive mixture that from an explosion that occurred at a distance of several kilometers, glass in houses is shaken.

In 1880. Dines, observing the water balls that make up the fog in England, came to the conclusion that the fog particles he observed are real water droplets, the sizes of which range from 0.016 to 0.127 mm. Later, similar observations were made by Assmann at the Brocken summit, which, especially in the cold season, is in the region of the most vigorous formation of clouds of various forms, which are formed either slightly higher, sometimes slightly lower, or just at its height. Assman became convinced that all the cloud forms he observed, containing liquid water, consist of real droplets, the sizes of which vary between 0.006 mm (in the upper parts of the clouds) and 0.035 mm (in the lower parts of it). See Wikipedia. "Sizes of water droplets in a thundercloud."

In order to reduce fuel consumption, improve the quality of exhaust gases, improve the characteristics of highly accelerated engines to reduce knocking, etc. developers of internal combustion engines, researchers and engine developers have added water to the fuel, for example, aqueous alcohol solutions, which are resistant to low temperatures and better dispersion. The idea of injecting water into a running engine appeared over a hundred years ago. At the beginning of the 20th century, the English professor Hopkinson successfully used an experimental water injection system to improve the performance of industrial internal combustion engines (ICEs). The work of injecting a mixture of water and methanol into the power supply system of the engines to increase the knock resistance of the engine with the Oldsmobile F-85 Jetfire turbine was used by General Motors. A little earlier, the Swedish car manufacturer released the Saab 99 Turbo S, which was equipped with water injection. Since 1983 Formula 1 teams Renault and Ferrari have been using this technology to increase the power of their cars. However, reliable engines using water as fuel have never been developed.

The disadvantages of the known methods for producing fuel from water and its solutions include the complexity of the technology for obtaining such fuel, low efficiency of use, high energy costs of obtaining a mixture of fuel with water, and limited opportunities to increase power and create the required engine thrust.

The technical result of the proposed invention is to eliminate the shortcomings of the prototype, in particular to simplify the technology for producing gaseous fuel from water and from its solutions, to increase the efficiency of thrust and specific impulse when burning fuel in the engine chambers and to reduce material costs in the production of fuel and the manufacture of engines using the proposed method.

The delivered technical result is achieved by combining the use of common with the prototype known features, including the supply of atomized fine water to the combustion chamber, exposure to the water by a high-voltage spark discharge and the use of the resulting energy of fuel combustion to perform work and new features, consisting in the fact that in a limited volume ( combustion chamber), finely dispersed water and / or its solutions are supplied, after which the sprayed water is exposed to an extensive high-voltage electric discharge of 5000-1500000V using at least one pair of positive and negative electrodes, in which finely dispersed water is decomposed into gaseous fuel - oxygen and hydrogen (explosive mixture) with its simultaneous explosive ignition from the same discharge and direct the energy from the ignition of the formed gaseous fuel using the volumetric form of the combustion chamber to the working bodies of the actuator.

As fuel - water and / or its aqueous solutions for spraying in the combustion chamber, you can use antifreeze and other solutions, for example, alcohol, sugar, hydrocarbonate, sulfate, chloride, and also containing potassium, magnesium, sodium, etc. in which water is solvent.

Water is sprayed to a fineness, at which the size of water droplets ranges from 1.0 to 50 microns.

An extensive high-voltage electric discharge is obtained by making the area ratio of each pair of positive and negative electrodes equal from 1.0 to 0.1-1000.0.

The novelty of the proposed method is the supply of finely dispersed water and / or its solutions into a limited volume (into the combustion chamber), after which the sprayed water is exposed to an extensive high-voltage electric discharge of 5000 - 1500000 V using at least one pair of positive and negative electrodes , in which fine water is decomposed into gaseous fuel - oxygen and hydrogen (explosive mixture) with its simultaneous explosive ignition from the same discharge and energy is directed from the ignition of the formed gaseous fuel using the volumetric shape of the combustion chamber to the working bodies of the actuator.

Thus, the supply of finely dispersed water and / or its solutions into a limited volume (into the combustion chamber), after which the sprayed water is exposed to an extensive high-voltage electric discharge of 5000-1500000 V using at least one pair of positive and negative electrodes - allows you to instantly turn water into fuel - to decompose water or its solutions into oxygen and hydrogen and ignite the resulting mixture of gases.

The direction of energy from the ignition of gaseous fuel formed from the decomposition of water and its solutions with the help of the volumetric shape of the combustion chamber to the working bodies of the actuator allows you to carry out useful work and use this work when creating engines of various designs and purposes. By changing the shape of the internal cavity of the combustion chamber from the ignition of gaseous fuel, it is possible to obtain shock pulses of various strengths and shapes, providing high performance indicators, incl. efficiency.

Signs of using water and / or its aqueous solutions as fuel for spraying antifreeze and other solutions in the combustion chamber, for example, alcohol, sugar, hydrocarbonate, sulfate, chloride, and also containing potassium, magnesium, sodium, etc. in which water is solvent, spraying water to dispersion, at which the size of water droplets ranges from 1.0 to 50 microns, obtaining an extensive high-voltage electric discharge by performing the ratio of the areas of each pair of positive and negative electrodes equal to from 1.0 to 0.1-1000.0 - disclose in more detail the peculiarities of performing the basic operations-signs of the proposed method and contribute to the achievement of the technical result set by the alleged invention.

So, the use of antifreeze and other solutions as water or an aqueous solution for spraying in the combustion chamber, for example, alcohol, sugar, hydrocarbonate, sulfate, chloride, containing potassium, magnesium, sodium, etc., in which water is a solvent helps to influence the quality of the discharge-sparking, obtaining a hard or softer jet thrust.

Patent information search, carried out in the process of preparing materials, a combination of the proposed known and new features of the proposed invention in the patent and scientific and technical literature, did not reveal, which makes it possible to classify the features as having novelty.

Since the proposed combination of features is not known from the state of the art and allows a higher technical result to be obtained, the proposed essential features can be recognized as meeting the criterion of inventive step.

The description of the implementation of the proposed device and the experimental work carried out make it possible to classify the proposed method as industrially feasible.

FIG. 1 schematically shows a combustion chamber with which the proposed method is carried out.

The combustion chamber is made in the form of a housing 1, a cone-shaped part 2 of the combustion chamber and a nozzle 3. In the cone-shaped part 2, in the cavity of the combustion chamber, at least one pair is mounted - negative 4 and positive 5 electrodes connected to a battery 6, an electrical converter 7 energy into the high-voltage and means 8 for supplying a discharge with a predetermined frequency between the spark gap electrodes 4 and 5. On the sides of the cone-shaped part 2 of the combustion chamber, nozzles 9 for supplying atomized fine water and / or its solutions are installed. To obtain an extensive discharge with a given spark length and power, the negative electrode 4 is made larger than the positive electrode 5 with the area ratio of each pair of positive and negative electrodes equal to from 1.0 to 0.1-1000.0.

The proposed method is carried out as follows: With the help of nozzles 9, water purified from solid impurities and / or its solutions in the form of a finely dispersed component is injected into the combustion chamber, and onto electrodes 4 and 5 from the converter 7 and distributor 8 of the discharge supply with a given frequency between the spark gap electrodes 4 and 5, a high-voltage voltage of 5000-1500000V is supplied. Between the electrodes 4 and 5, a discharge of a given length occurs, corresponding to the dimensions of the combustion chamber, and the finely dispersed water between the electrodes instantly decomposes in the form of a cloud 10 into hydrogen and oxygen, forming a so-called "explosive mixture", which from the same discharge ignites explosively, creating a directed cone-shaped combustion chamber geometry shock wave. The shock wave enters the nozzle 3, creating a jet thrust. By changing the frequency of injection (including constant injection) of water and / or its solutions into the combustion chamber and the discharge frequency using the ignition distributor 8 between pairs of spark gap electrodes 4 and 5, as well as changing the magnitude of the high-voltage discharge 5000-1500000V, it is possible to increase or decrease the power of the specific impulse (shock wave) obtained from the combustion of the gaseous fuel obtained by the proposed method.

The use of antifreeze and other solutions as an aqueous solution for spraying in the combustion chamber, for example, alcohol, sugar, hydrocarbonate, sulfate, chloride, containing potassium, magnesium, sodium, etc. in which water is a solvent, you can influence the quality of spark formation, getting hard and / or softer jet thrust.

A specific example of the implementation of the proposed method.

Using nozzles 9, water purified from solid impurities is injected into the combustion chamber (passed through the filter) in the form of fine droplets with sizes from 1.0 to 50 microns, and a high-voltage voltage of 50,000 volts is applied to electrodes 4 and 5 from converter 8. Between electrodes 4 and 5, a discharge of a given length occurs, corresponding to the dimensions of the combustion chamber, and the finely dispersed water between electrodes 4 and 5 instantly decomposes in the form of a cloud 10 into hydrogen and oxygen, forming a so-called "explosive mixture", which ignites explosively from the same discharge, forming a shock wave directed by the cone-shaped geometry of the combustion chamber. The shock wave enters the nozzle 3, creating a jet thrust. With the constant injection of water into the combustion chamber and at a discharge frequency of the equivalent engine shaft rotation speed, for example, at 10,000 rpm using an ignition distributor between pairs of spark gap electrodes, the formation and ignition of the resulting gas mixture of fuel becomes continuous without shock loads on the structural elements of the chamber combustion.

The use of the proposed method will eliminate the disadvantages of known automobile, turbojet and jet engines associated with the complexity of the design, exclude containers for the oxidizer, compressed air and a number of equipment for air injection and compression, reduce fuel consumption and switch to another widely available type of fuel - water, get good opportunities to increase power and create the required engine thrust.

The use of engines of the proposed design will allow creating environmentally friendly engines, significantly raising the technical level of engine building, creating numerous options for engines for use in everyday life and in the defense industry using the type of fuel available to everyone - water.

Claims (4)

1. A method of obtaining, burning and using fuel from water and its solutions, including feeding atomized fine water into the combustion chamber, exposing the water to a high voltage spark discharge and using the generated energy of fuel combustion to perform work, characterized in that a limited volume of the combustion chamber finely dispersed water and / or its solutions are fed, after which the sprayed water is exposed to an extensive high-voltage electric discharge of 5000-1500000 V using at least one pair of positive and negative electrodes, in which fine water is decomposed into gaseous fuel - oxygen and hydrogen ( explosive mixture) with its simultaneous explosive ignition from the same discharge and direct the energy from the ignition of the formed gaseous fuel using the volumetric form of the combustion chamber to the working bodies of the actuator. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that antifreeze and other solutions, such as alcohol, sugar, hydrocarbonate, sulfate, chloride, and also containing potassium, can be used as fuel - water and / or its aqueous solutions for spraying in the combustion chamber , magnesium, sodium, etc., in which water is a solvent. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the water is sprayed to a fineness, at which the size of water droplets ranges from 1.0 to 50 microns. 4. The method according to claim. 1, characterized in that an extensive high-voltage electrical discharge is obtained by making the area ratio of each pair of positive and negative electrodes equal to from 0.1 to 1000.0.

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