RU2740049C1 - Ventilation grid of building ventilation system (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ventilation and air conditioning.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ventilation of residential and industrial buildings, in particular to ventilation grating structures. In one of the versions there proposed is ventilation grid containing frame 1 with holes 2 for fastening elements of lattice attachment, lattice ribs 3 forming ventilation openings and protective device. Frame 1 is made from resilient material and in it between its holes 2 there are compressible slots 6, in which a protective device in the form of flat gate 5, jammed by slots when the elastic frame is compressed in the closed position of the gate, is movably installed, besides, the slots form an open on one side an u-shaped contour.

EFFECT: technical result is improved reliability of ventilated room protection.

5 cl, 8 dwg

Description

This invention relates to means of protection of ventilated buildings, installed in ventilation systems of buildings. The invention is intended for its use in the construction of such ventilation grilles, which have a means of protecting the ventilated premises of the building. Such protection is aimed at isolating the ventilated premises of the building from contaminated air ducts of ventilation systems in cases of their infectious, chemical and radioactive contamination.

A significant problem of typical buildings at present is the lack of protection of ventilated premises of buildings from external and internal sources of these types of contamination. The external path of infection is characterized by the movement of volatile contaminated particles from the atmosphere into the air ducts of ventilation systems and, then, from the air ducts to ventilated rooms. The internal path of infection is carried out by moving volatile contaminated particles from some ventilated rooms with infected patients in them into the air ducts of ventilation systems and, then, through the air ducts - by moving infected particles into uninfected ventilated rooms in which there are healthy people.

Such routes of infection occur in the case of an inoperative building ventilation system, moreover, an unprotected ventilation system, from the air ducts of which the contents of the growths in the ventilation ducts (except for the indicated volatile particles) enter the ventilated premises, together with infectious, chemical and radioactive elements that accumulate on the inner surfaces of the air ducts ...

It should be noted that in an unprotected ventilation system, contaminated airborne particles can easily get from one contaminated ventilated area to another ventilated area - from one floor to another floor - of the same building. Such ingress of contaminated volatile particles is possible when the air draft back to the side of the ventilated room from the ventilation window through an unprotected ventilation grill, when the ventilation system of the building is not working or faulty, or not protected from external air pressure.

It should also be noted that the ventilation systems of typical buildings do not work for the following reasons:

- uselessness of effective cleaning and disinfection of air ducts of ventilation systems from contaminated particles;

- due to the relatively high cost of mechanical cleaning of ventilation systems air ducts from perennial growths on their internal surfaces.

As a result, along with well-known sources of contamination, significant contamination sources are unprotected, inoperative and contaminated ventilation systems in buildings.

The designs of commercially available ventilation grilles are regulated by GOST 13448-82. Plastic ventilation grilles. Technical conditions. This GOST does not provide for protective equipment for ventilated rooms.

Known from practice ventilation grilles with rotary lamellas and other protective elements covering the grill do not have tightness and, therefore, do not meet the requirements for their reliability in terms of the parameters of protection of ventilated premises from contaminated air, which, under certain hazardous conditions, can flow from the ventilation systems ducts into ventilated premises of buildings ...

Known used in practice ventilation grille of the ventilation system of a ventilated room, which contains a frame, located inside the frame of the ribs, forming ventilation holes between them, a plug is installed in the frame with the ability to move in the guides of the frame, while, if necessary, the plug closes the ventilation holes when moving and the flow of air through the ventilation hole into the ventilated room is stopped (Yandex. https://bannik74.ru/ventilyacionnye-reshetki-i-zaglushk. 05/08/2020).

A well-known ventilation grill of the ventilation system has a similar design, containing a frame, ribs located inside the frame, forming ventilation holes, and a valve, which is installed with the ability to move in the guides of the frame (Yandex.http: //severles-34.ru/shop/bondarnye-izdeliya / bondarnye-izdeliya-v-parilku / ventilyatsionnaya-reshetka-s-zadvizhkoy-230130. 05/08/2020).

Ventilation grilles published in Yandex are intended to be installed in the ventilation windows of baths and, in this regard, they do not meet the reliability requirements for use in building ventilation systems due to the leaky connection of the plugs with the guiding grilles.

From the patent documentation, ventilation grilles with protective equipment for ventilated rooms are known, which are nets or reflectors, or flat discs covering the openings of the grilles, as well as other protective elements (RU 14462 U1, 07/27/2000. RU 187882 U1, 03/21/2019. RU 97812 U1. RU 29986 U1, 10.06.2003. RU 43950 U1, 10.02.2005. RU 20130534 C1, 20.05.1999). These grilles also do not meet the reliability requirements when they are installed in the ventilation windows of the ventilation system of the task due to the fact that the protective equipment does not provide tightness in cases of complete pneumatic isolation of the ventilated premises from the air ducts of the ventilation systems of buildings.

Patent RU 187882 U1 presents a ventilation grill containing a frame with holes and protective elements - a reflector and a mosquito net, inside the frame there are stiffeners in the form of a ring and diagonal lines from it, stands for posts and reflector posts attached to stands for posts, which protrude to a certain height for attaching a variable reflector to them, while the reflector evenly distributes the outgoing air from the air channel, hiding the channel itself.

A ventilation grill is known, including a frame made of corners, a protective grill, and the grill is equipped with a plastic case with a fine-mesh mesh and at the same time it has a foam rubber gasket around the perimeter adjacent to the wall, as well as a device for attaching the case to a protective grill, including a spring-loaded hook and a washer (RU 2130534 C1, 20.05.1999).

The disadvantage of the prototype is the unsatisfactory reliability of protection of the ventilated room due to the leakproofness of the ventilation grill, which reduces the protective properties of the grill and the reliability of protection of the ventilated room.

Known self-closing ventilation insert containing, one core element with a first air-permeable layer with an absorbent located on the first air-permeable layer, swelling on contact with water to form an absorption layer, with a second air-permeable layer, and provided coverings on top of the first and second air-permeable layer and one base layer on coatings, and the coatings and / or base layers, if necessary, when compressed in separate areas of the air-permeable layers, form a structure of chambers that limit the maximum spread of the absorbent and the compaction of the absorbent during the swelling process, which closes the ventilation insert (RU 2440895 C2, 20.10.2010).

Known ventilation grill of a building ventilation system, which is mounted in a fan assembly having a housing, and the grill has a protective device, the grill contains a frame with holes for connection with the closing second frame and a protective device held between the frames, which is made in the form of a filter mat, one spring element for engagement in the opening of the housing wall, one clamping wedge is located and made in such a way that the clamping wedge or wedges and the spring element or elements, interacting with the enveloping edge of the opening of the housing wall, hold the device for passing air on the wall, and the filter mat is located on the main housing and / or a ventilation grill with the possibility of its replacement (RU 2281421 C2, 08/10/2006 - prototype).

The general features of the prototype and the presented invention are features characterizing the ventilation grill of the building ventilation system, each of which contains a frame with holes for fastening elements of the grill fastening, grill ribs forming ventilation holes, and a protective device.

The prototype does not have effective means of protecting the ventilated room from contaminating elements with high penetrating properties. As a result, the prototype cannot be used for reliable protection of a ventilated room.

The technical result of the invention presented in this description is to increase the reliability of the protection of the ventilated room.

The technical result is obtained by a ventilation grill of a building ventilation system, containing a frame with holes for fastening elements of the grill, grill ribs forming ventilation holes, and a protective device, and the frame is made of an elastic material and compressible grooves are made in it between its holes, in which it is movably installed protective means in the form of a flat flap, clamped by the grooves when the elastic frame is compressed in the closed position of the flap, and the grooves form a U-shaped contour open on one side.

The technical result is obtained by a ventilation grill of a building ventilation system, comprising a frame with holes for fasteners for fastening the grill, grill ribs forming ventilation holes, and a protective device, and the grill is equipped with an elastic removable frame adjacent to the back side of the frame with holes for fasteners, in a removable frame grooves are made between the holes, in which a protective means in the form of a flat shutter is movably installed, which is clamped by the grooves when the elastic removable frame is compressed in the closed position of the shutter, while the lattice frame is made rigid, and the grooves form an u-shaped contour open on one side.

The technical result is obtained by a ventilation grill of a building ventilation system, comprising a frame with holes for fasteners for fastening the grill, grill ribs forming ventilation holes, and a protective device, and the grill is equipped with an elastic removable frame adjacent to the back side of the frame with holes for fasteners, in a removable frame grooves are made between the holes, in which a protective means in the form of a flat flap is movably installed, clamped by the grooves when the elastic removable frame is compressed in the closed position of the shutter, the lattice frame is made rigid and between it and the removable frame one end of the elastic plate of the air valve is fixed with the possibility of moving the plate in side of the grille frame when the flap is open.

The technical result is obtained by a ventilation grill of a building ventilation system, containing a frame with holes for fastening elements of the grill, grill ribs forming ventilation holes, and a protective device, and the grill is equipped with a U-shaped gasket adjacent to the back side of the grill frame with holes in it for fasteners , as well as a removable frame adjacent to the gasket with holes for fasteners, the grill frame and the removable frame are made with ledges forming grooves located between the frame holes, a protective device in the form of a flat shutter is installed in the grooves, while the grill frame and the removable frame are made rigid , and the U-shaped gasket is made of an elastic material, and the grooves form a U-shaped contour open on one side.

The technical result is obtained by a ventilation grill of a building ventilation system, containing a frame with holes for fastening elements of the grill, grill ribs forming ventilation holes, and a protective device, and on the back side of the grill frame there is a U-shaped gasket made of elastic material with holes in it for fastening elements, the lattice frame is made rigid and in the working position, when it is fixed on the wall of the ventilated room, grooves are formed between the wall surfaces and the back surface of the frame, in which a protective means in the form of a flat shutter is movably installed, clamped by the grooves when the U-shaped elastic gasket is compressed into closed position of the shutter, while the grooves and the shutter are located between the holes of the frame and the elastic gasket, and the grooves form a U-shaped contour open on one side.

Figure 1 shows the first variant of the ventilation grill, view from the front side of the grill (the grille shutter is slightly open).

Figure 2 shows a fragment of a cross-section of the lattice along AA in figure 1 (enlarged).

Figure 3 shows the second variant of the ventilation grill in cross section, fragment.

Figure 4 shows in cross section a fragment of the third variant of the ventilation grill with a curved element of the air valve in the working position, the damper is open.

Figure 5 shows the fourth version of the ventilation grill in cross section, fragment.

Figure 6 - the fifth variant of the lattice in cross section, fragment.

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a vertically located lattice assembly (the fourth version of the lattice, ledges and fasteners are not shown).

Figure 8 shows the location of the lattice elements during installation in a perspective view (the fourth version of the lattice, ledges and fasteners are not shown).

The first variant of the ventilation grill (Fig. 1) contains a body in the form of a closed frame 1 with holes 2 in it for fastening elements of the grill for attaching it to the wall of the building. Inside the frame 1 there are lattice ribs 3 forming ventilation holes 4. The frame and ribs are made of monolithic elastic heat-resistant material.

The ventilation grill has a means of protecting the ventilated room from infectious, chemical and radioactive contamination - a movable shutter 5 in the form of a solid plate. The damper is made of a durable, heat-resistant, fiberglass-reinforced composite material. The material contains a binder, lead, chloramine and other components. The thickness of the plate is selected in the range from 3 mm to 15 mm, depending on the dimensions of the ventilation grill. In the drawings, the shutter 5 is conventionally shown by a plurality of points.

In the frame 1, grooves 6 are made, in which the shutter 5 is movably installed with the possibility of hermetically pinching it in the grooves 6 when the frame material 1 is compressed in the transverse direction. The slots 6 are made so that they form a U-shaped contour, shown in Fig. 1 by dashed lines. It is essential that the U-shaped contour of the grooves 6 and the shutter 5 in the grooves are located between the holes 2 of the frame 1 (Fig. 1).

The thickness of the shutter (figure 2) is equal to the width of the grooves 6, it is located in the grooves with the possibility of sliding and the possibility of hermetically pinching in them in cases of threat of infection. The depth of each groove 6 is selected from the condition of the tightness of the connection of the shutter with the frame 1. Each groove 6 in its cross section has a shape corresponding to the shape of the end part of the shutter. The grooves 6 of the frame 1 are located between the holes 2 parallel to the plane of the frame.

The ends of the shutter are flat, in other designs they can be semicircular, the ends of the shutter located in the grooves 6 of the frame can be conical (not shown). In the non-working position the shutter 5 is open, in the operating position the shutter 5 is closed and in this position it closes the holes 4 between the ribs 3 of the grating.

The closed position of the damper corresponds to the state of the inoperative ventilation system, since in this case there is a threat of contamination of the ventilated room of the building from the inoperative system. The damper 5 is closed every time it is discovered that the ventilation system of the building is not working.

The damper is located so that it can be moved in horizontal directions from a manual or mechanical drive. The damper can be located together with the grate with the possibility of its movement in vertical directions (not shown). The lattice damper can be remotely actuated; for this purpose, a thickening 7 is made at the free end of the damper 5 to strengthen the damper end and increase its rigidity. With the thickening 7 is connected the actuator 8 of the automatic movement of the damper, associated with the drive mechanism (the drive is not shown). The thickening is also used for manual interaction with the damper when manually opening and closing the damper.

The complete ventilation grill has an elastic heat-resistant gasket 9 located between the frame 1 of the grill and the wall 10 of the ventilated room of the building along the perimeter of the frame 1. The gasket 9 has a closed shape corresponding to the shape of the frame 1. The grille is attached to the wall 10 by fasteners 11, between which the damper is located 5.

The elastic material of the frame 1 allows it to be compressed by the fasteners 11 in the transverse direction when tightening the latter. Each fastening element is made with a threaded end screwed into a dowel (not shown) fixed in the wall 10. The frame 1 of the ventilation grill is installed on the wall 10 of the building with an overlap in front of the ventilation window 12.

The second variant of the ventilation grill (Fig. 3) contains elements of the first variant of the grill, shown by numbers 1-12. Unlike the first variant of the grill, the frame is made of a rigid material, and the shutter 5 is movably installed in the grooves 6, which are made in the attached removable frame 13. In the second variant of the grill, the removable frame 13 is located on the back side of the frame 1 and is hermetically docked with it by means of the second elastic and heat-resistant pad 14.

The damper 5 is located in the grooves 6 parallel to the plane of the removable frame 13, in which the holes for the fastening elements 11 are made, aligned with the holes 2 of the frame 1 of the ventilation grill. It is essential that the frame 1 is rigid, and the removable frame 13 is made of an elastic compressible material for pinching the ends of the shutter 5 and sealing them in the grooves 6 of the frame 13.

In the second variant of the lattice, the shutter 5 is located between the holes of the removable frame 13 (Fig. 3). A sealed gasket 14 between frames 1 and 13 is made of an elastic heat-resistant material to seal the frame connection.

The second variant of the grille allows the use of commercially available grilles (without changing their design) and the manufacture of ventilation grilles of the second variant as part of the serial grilles. Removable frame 13 with gaskets 9, 14 and flap 5 are in this case an additional unit to the serial grille.

The third variant of the ventilation grill (Fig. 4) contains all the elements of the second variant of the grill, including the rigid frame. In contrast to the second variant of the grill, in the third variant, between the frame 1 and the removable frame 13, one end of a thin elastic element 15 of the air valve is located in the clamped state. In the working position, the element 15 is bent towards the ventilation window 12, in the non-working position, the element 15 is pressed against the lattice frame 1 due to its own elastic forces. At the same time, in this position, it closes the openings 4 of the grill and the air does not pass through the grill and ventilation window 12 into the ventilated room of the building.

In the working position, when the plug 5 is open or removed from the grill as shown in Fig. 4, the free end of the elastic element 15 of the air valve is deflected towards the window 12 from the action of the air flow 16 passing through the holes 4 of the grill. In this case, the element 15 takes the curved position shown in FIG. 4. In this regard, the three sides of the elastic element 15 of the air valve are free to move in the direction of movement of the air flow 16, while the fourth side of the element 15 is clamped between frames 1 and 13.

The elastic element 15 of the air valve is made with a high degree of sensitivity to the effect of the air flow 16 on it, and in this regard, it is a very thin petal-type plate made of a durable heat-resistant material. The thickness of the elastic element 15 is chosen by calculation depending on its elasticity and the pressure of the air flow 16 on it. The element 15 is calculated on the basis of its reliable operation in the absence of air flow 16, when there is no air draft in the building ventilation system. The selected strength and elasticity of this element allows it, due to its elasticity, to close automatically every time there is a drop in the pressure of the air stream 16. When the air pressure of the stream 16 is equal to zero, the element 15 closes and closes the ventilation holes 4 of the grill. In this position, element 15 occupies an inoperative position, indicating that the ventilation of the building is not working.

The fourth variant of the ventilation grill (Fig. 5, 7, 8) contains elements of the second variant of the grill, which are shown by numbers 1-13 (Fig. 5). In the fourth version of the lattice (as opposed to its second version), the grooves 6 of the lattice are formed by the step 17 of the rigid frame 1 and the step 18 of the rigid removable frame 13 of the lattice. The ledges of the joined frames 1 and 13 form grooves 6 as shown in Fig. 5. In the grooves there is a line 19 of the parting of frames 1 and 13. The contour of the grooves 6, open on one side, in the fourth embodiment is similar to the contour open on one side, shown by dashed lines in Fig. 1.

In the fourth version of the lattice, between the rigid frames 1 and 13 symmetrically with respect to the line 19 of the frames, there is an elastic pad 20 having such a thickness that, after being compressed by the fastening elements 11, it takes a compressed position shown in Fig. 5. By compressing the spacer 20, the width of the grooves 6 and the pressing force of the steps 17 and 18 of the frames to the opposite surfaces of the ends of the shutter 5 are adjusted in order to seal the grating. Adjusting the compressive force of the gasket 20 and pinching the ends of the shutter in the grooves 6 are possible within the predetermined elastic limits of the gasket 20 when mounting the grill on the wall 10 of the building. The thickness of the elastic spacer 20 is greater than the thickness of the flap 5 in the uncompressed state of this spacer (Figs. 7, 8).

The fifth variant of the lattice (Fig. 6) has the elements of the first variant of the lattice, shown by numbers 1-12. In contrast to the first version, the frame 1 is made rigid, and the grooves 6 are formed by the wall 10 of the building, the inner surface of the frame 1 and the end part of the spacer 20, which is made of an elastic material. In the grooves 6 formed by the indicated elements of the fifth variant of the lattice, the shutter 5 is movable, which can be clamped in the grooves 6 by compressing the elastic pad 20 with the fastening elements 11. The thickness of the pad 20 is greater than the thickness of the shutter 5 in the uncompressed state of the elastic pad.

Installation of each variant of the grille is carried out in accordance with the drawings, which are presented in Figures 2-6. When installing each variant of the grill, it is assembled according to the scheme shown in the corresponding figure of the drawing, and the threaded ends of the fasteners 11 are screwed into the dowels of the building wall 10 so that the grill flap moves freely in the grooves 6. Further, if the ventilation system of the building is working, then the flap is left in the open position. If the ventilation system of the building is not working, then the damper is moved to the closed position.

In the closed position, the shutter 5 completely covers the openings 4 of the ventilation grill and blocks the movement of air from the ventilation system duct through the ventilation window 12 in the wall 10 of the building into the ventilated room of the building. The closed position of the damper 5 corresponds to the positive air pressure in the air channel of the ventilation system. The damper 5 is closed when there is no negative air pressure in the air channel of the ventilation system or changes to positive pressure.

After closing the damper shown in Figs. 2-6 variants of the grilles, each ventilation grill is sealed in order to prevent the ingress of poisonous and infectious particles into the ventilated room from the air channel of the ventilation system.

The sealing of the first variant of the lattice (figure 2) is performed by additional screwing of the fastening elements 11 so that the elastic material of the frame 1 is compressed, the distance between the walls of the grooves 6 is reduced, the gaps between the flap and the walls of the grooves 6 of the frame 1 are selected, while the ends of the shutter 5 in the grooves 6 pinched.

The sealing of the second version of the lattice (Fig. 3) and the sealing of the third version of the lattice (Fig. 4) are performed by additional screwing of the fastening elements 11 so that the elastic material of the frame 13 of each indicated version is compressed, the distance between the walls of the grooves 6 is reduced, the gaps between the flap and the walls of the grooves frames 13 are selected and the ends of the shutter are pinched in the grooves.

The sealing of the fourth variant of the lattice (Fig. 5) and the sealing of the fifth variant of the lattice (Fig. 6) are performed by additional screwing of the fastening elements 11 so that the elastic material of the spacer 20 of each indicated variant is compressed, the distance between the surfaces forming the grooves 6 is reduced, the gaps between the flap and the surfaces , which form the grooves 6 are selected and the ends of the shutter in the grooves are pinched. In the fourth variant of the lattice, the surfaces forming the grooves 6 are ledges 17 and 18. In the fifth variant of the lattice, the surfaces forming the grooves 6 are the surface of the wall 10 and the surface of the frame 1.

Each variant of the ventilation grill works in the absence of infection threats in a known manner. In the event of threats of infection, each variant of the grating is sealed.

Threats of contamination of ventilated premises of buildings arise in cases of changes in air pressure in the atmosphere (air waves, explosions, hurricanes), artificial pressurization of air under pressure into the air duct of the ventilation system, terrorist attacks, systemic failures in the operation of a faulty ventilation system of a building, as well as in the case of contaminated atmospheric air entering the air duct of the ventilation system. In these cases, the presence of air draft in the ventilation system is checked and, in the absence of air draft, the fact of inoperative ventilation is established, which is reported to the appropriate service.

When ventilation is inoperative, due to air pressure differences in the ventilation duct and the ventilated room, there is a threat of air flow from the ventilation system air channel through the ventilation grilles of the building ventilation system into the ventilated rooms of the building. In case of contamination of the air channel of the ventilation system, infectious, chemical and radiation elements can enter the ventilated premises through the grilles, infecting the ventilated premises, provided that the air pressure in the air channel of the ventilation system increases. Such an increase in pressure is possible by forcing air into the air channel from the outside through the outlet of the air channel or by forcing air into the air channel by one or more air fans installed in ventilated rooms in order to remove exhaust air from them together with contaminated particles contained in it.

In any case, if the air in the air duct of the ventilation system is contaminated, then there is a threat of contamination of all ventilated rooms of the building with contaminated air coming from the air ducts of the ventilation system into the ventilated rooms.

In the event of a threat of contamination, the dampers of all ventilation grilles are moved manually or automatically to the "closed" position and at the same time exclude the possibility of air from the ventilation system entering the ventilated premises. At the same time, the possibility of contamination of people in ventilated rooms from the contaminated air of the ventilation system is excluded.

The lattice flap of any ventilated room in which an infectious patient is on self-isolation is also transferred to the "closed" position, since there is a threat of contamination of the air channel of the ventilation system from the ventilated room in which the patient is located.

After closing the dampers, the ventilation grilles are sealed in the manner described above, and after the mentioned threats of infection have been removed, the compression forces by the fastening elements of the said grille elements are weakened by unscrewing the fasteners to the position in which the flaps move freely in the slots of the grilles.

The removal of these threats of infection is recorded after the elimination of malfunctions of the ventilation system, its disinfection, disinfection of infected ventilated areas, including ventilation grilles and ventilation windows in the walls of ventilated rooms, as well as after dismantling all individual fans installed in ventilated rooms. After the performed operations, the exhaust air from the ventilated rooms of the building is removed by air draft in the air channel of the system through the open holes of the ventilation grilles and is released into the atmosphere.

The performance and safety of the ventilation system is checked as follows. When the damper is open, markers are used to check the presence of air draft in front of the grill towards the ventilation window of the building. If there is no air draft, then this indicates a completely inoperative ventilation system. In this case, the flap is closed and the ventilation system is not used. If there is air draft in the ventilation system, then the level of efficiency of the ventilation system is checked by measuring the air draft force passing through the grill with the device.

The danger of the ventilation system is identified as follows. Glass is placed in a horizontal position under the ventilation grill of the ventilated room, the ventilated room is closed and the sputtering on the glass is fixed for a specified period of time. By the level of spraying on the glass, the intensity of movement of the contents of the air channel of the ventilation system towards the ventilated room is judged. Dust consisting of volatile particles that have entered the ventilated room through the ventilation grill is part of the contents of the air duct and air ducts of the ventilation system. The collected dust is marked and analyzed in laboratory or other conditions for bacteriological, chemical and radiation contamination. According to the indications revealed, the danger of the ventilation system is judged.

In hazardous conditions, with a hermetically sealed plug, the ventilated conditionally dirty room is self-isolated from the inside of the room from the air channel of the ventilation system. At the same time, a dirty room is self-isolated from its communication with the ventilation system air ducts and through it - with ventilated adjacent rooms of the lower and upper floors of the building.

In safe atmospheric conditions of operation of buildings, operating ventilation systems of buildings and a clean environment - the damper of each ventilated room is open. With the described threats, the shutter is closed, the grill is sealed and the grill is used as a protective agent that protects the ventilated room from possible penetration of chemical toxic substances, viral and radiation harmful carriers to it through the ventilation window of the wall of the ventilated room.

The protective properties of the damper are manifested in contact with media harmful to health. Chemical carriers, mainly gas and gas-contaminated microparticles, when interacting with a hermetically sealed shutter do not physically penetrate into a ventilated room, viral carriers are neutralized by the disinfecting properties of chloramine, which is part of the material from which the shutter is made. The ventilated room is protected from radiation carriers (radiation dust and radionucleides) with a layer of lead applied to the damper from the side of the building ventilation duct.

The use of the above-described reliable designs of grilles in ventilation systems of multi-storey buildings can improve the protective properties of ventilation systems and increase the reliability of protection of ventilated buildings.

Claims (5)

1. Ventilation grill of the building ventilation system, containing a frame with holes for fastening elements of the grill, grill ribs forming ventilation holes, and a protective device, characterized in that the frame is made of elastic material and compressible grooves are made in it between its holes, in which a protective means in the form of a flat shutter is movably installed, clamped by the grooves when the elastic frame is compressed in the closed position of the shutter, and the grooves form an u-shaped contour open on one side. 2. Ventilation grille of the building ventilation system, containing a frame with holes for fasteners for fastening the grill, grill ribs forming ventilation holes, and a protective device, characterized in that the grill is equipped with an elastic removable frame with holes for fasteners adjacent to the back side of the frame, in The removable frame between the holes has grooves in which a protective means in the form of a flat shutter is movably installed, which is clamped by the grooves when the elastic removable frame is compressed in the closed position of the shutter, while the lattice frame is made rigid, and the grooves form a U-shaped contour open on one side. 3. Ventilation grill of the building ventilation system, containing a frame with holes for fasteners for fastening the grill, grill ribs forming ventilation holes, and a protective device, characterized in that the grill is equipped with an elastic removable frame adjacent to the back side of the frame with holes for fasteners, in The removable frame between the holes has grooves in which a protective means in the form of a flat flap is movably installed, which is clamped by the grooves when the elastic removable frame is compressed in the closed position of the shutter, the grill frame is made rigid and between it and the removable frame one end of the elastic plate of the air valve is fixed with the ability to move plates away from the grille frame when the shutter is open. 4. Ventilation grill of the building ventilation system, containing a frame with holes for fastening elements of the grill, grill ribs forming ventilation holes, and a protective device, characterized in that the grill is equipped with a U-shaped gasket adjacent to the back side of the grill frame with holes in it for fasteners, as well as a removable frame adjacent to the gasket with holes for fasteners, the grille frame and the removable frame are made with ledges forming grooves located between the frame openings, a protective device in the form of a flat shutter is installed in the grooves, while the grill frame and the removable frame are made rigid, and the U-shaped gasket is made of an elastic material, and the grooves form a U-shaped contour open on one side. 5. Ventilation grill of the building ventilation system, containing a frame with holes for fastening elements of the grill, grill ribs forming ventilation holes, and a protective device, characterized in that on the back side of the grill frame there is a U-shaped gasket made of elastic material with holes in it under the fasteners, the grill frame is made rigid and in the working position, when it is fixed on the wall of the ventilated room, grooves are formed between the wall surfaces and the back surface of the frame, in which a protective means in the form of a flat shutter is movably installed, clamped by the grooves when compressed by a U-shaped elastic gaskets in the closed position of the shutter, while the grooves and the shutter are located between the holes of the frame and the elastic spacer, and the grooves form a U-shaped contour open on one side.

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