RU2708509C1 - Low-maintenance system for physical protection of objects - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: protective devices.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to physical protection of objects. System comprises a core in the form of a central control station (CCS), which includes: an operator automated workstation (OAW), database servers, display means, local area network (LAN) means, communication means and software; complexes of technical means (CTM) for monitoring and automation, which include technical detection means (TDM) operating on different physical principles, stationary, independent and mobile control posts, communication means, navigation aids and means of the local area network; a communication radio link; equipment of protection forces (EPF), containing facilities of lethal and non-lethal effect, means of repelling, means of communication, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and navigation facilities; automated checkpoint equipment (ACE), comprising communication means and LAN means; robotic means (RM) comprising communication means; and engineering facilities (EF) containing communication facilities.

EFFECT: high degree of automation of the protection system, as well as processes for obtaining and processing information.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of physical protection of objects using burglar alarms designed to detect violators, with the organization of access and screening of personnel and visitors to objects, and using the control of forces and means of protection. The present invention can also be used in the design of anti-terrorism security facilities.

The protection of the state border of the Russian Federation, extended perimeters and vast territories of especially important facilities (for example, the facilities of Rosatom State Corporation) was initially associated with the presence of a large number of engineering facilities (IS), a central control center (CPA), checkpoints (checkpoints), An extensive system of transmitting information (information channel) and a significant number of technical means of detection (TCO) and optical-electronic surveillance (ESR). Such protection is well-known and is implemented in the form of system variants in which each TSS and SOEN through an information channel is connected directly to the CPU. The presence in such a system of a large number of TCO and ESR with a large amount of information transmitted, as well as the presence of a checkpoint determines increased requirements for the functioning of the system and, accordingly, requires a large number of personnel to ensure the functioning of the system at various levels. In addition, a prerequisite for the existence of physical protection systems (PPS) of objects is the protection of these objects, perimeters and adjacent territories using departments of departmental security and personnel of the units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, as well as employees of the Russian Guard. The totality of human resources to ensure the functioning of the PPS facility and its protection will be defined by the term "staff". Thanks to the fast-growing digital economy, intelligent information processing methods are increasingly being used in the world to analyze various situations and make the right decision. These methods can also be used in the field of PPS in relation to objects where a large number of sources of heterogeneous information should be analyzed. Using intelligent methods of obtaining and processing information will increase the level of automation of security systems and reduce the number of staff.

The well-known "Intelligent intruder detection system" described in patent RU No. 2665264, IPC G08B 13/00, publ. 2018, the system contains a block of sensors for alarm, technical means for displaying visual and sound information, a block for logical signal processing and a multilayer neural network. The system is designed to increase the efficiency of intruder detection through the use of a trained neural network algorithm for processing information from security sensors.

A similar significant feature is the alarm sensors, technical means of displaying visual and audio information, and the ability to use a trained neural network information processing algorithm.

The disadvantage of the system is the insufficient degree of automation of the functioning of the system, which determines the need for the presence of a decision maker to counter the intruder, using the output signal issued at the request of the operator.

The well-known "Radar system for the protection of territories with a low-frame video surveillance system and the optimal number of security forces" described in patent RU No. 2595532, IPC G08B 25/00, G08B 19/00, G01S 3/72, publ. 2016. The system consists of the following equipment groups: a set of detection tools operating on different physical principles (radar stations, video cameras and thermal imagers), a central security console (CPO), as well as security forces equipment containing one or more sets of technical means of power groups response (TS GSR), automated workstations (AWS) of operators as part of the CPO, switchboard and fixed terminal CPO. Each workstation contains an additional recognition device, a monitoring terminal and a stationary workstation terminal. Each set of TS GSR contains a mobile terminal of the navigator, GLONASS / GPS navigator, a mobile radio communication terminal and a portable security control panel. The system provides recognition of the intruder in low-frame mode and classification of moving objects according to the criterion of "friend or foe". Force response groups can advance towards the detected violator and suppress the actions of the violator using lethal and non-lethal methods of influence.

Similar essential features are: a set of detection tools operating on different physical, CPO, security forces equipment, operator’s workstation, navigation equipment and radio communication equipment, the ability to recognize the intruder and classify moving objects according to the “friend or foe” criterion, as well as the ability to use force groups response to suppress the actions of the violator.

The disadvantage of the system is its complexity, cumbersomeness, insufficient level of automation of the functioning processes and the presence of numerous staff.

The mentioned disadvantages are partially eliminated in the other, closest in technical essence to the claimed invention, the well-known "Automated system of territory control and control of forces and means of protection" described in patent RU No. 2583742, IPC G06F 17/00, G06F 15/16, publ. 2016, which is selected as a prototype. The system contains a 3-level hierarchical structure, including complexes of technical means of control and automation, containing TSS and located directly on the controlled territory, as well as outside the protected area. The system is controlled by the workstation of managers, duty operators and officials, who are equipped with database servers, display facilities, communication facilities using a radio communication channel and are interconnected by means of a local area network (LAN). To manage the system at all levels through a dedicated communication channel, administrative information is received from decision makers in whose area of responsibility is the controlled territory, as well as management and target designation teams. To ensure the control of territories, information is used on the type, direction and movement parameters of the intruder. Initial information can be obtained through the use of stationary, autonomous and mobile control posts of the territory, which are located complexes of technical means of control. As TCO, radar, radar-optical and optoelectronic modules, as well as magnetometric and seismomagnetometric detection tools can be used. The system also allows the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The movement of information flows in the system is carried out via wire, radio-relay, ultra-short-wave communication channels.

Similar essential features are: complexes of technical means of control and automation, database servers, display facilities, communication facilities using a radio channel, LAN facilities, stationary, autonomous and mobile control posts of the territory, operator workstations, TCO operating on different physical principles, use UAV.

The disadvantage of the system is its low functional reliability. The structure of the system is cumbersome, difficult to manage, has an insufficient level of automation of the functioning processes and, as a result, has a large attendant staff. The system lacks the ability to train and predict the operation of the system based on large data analytics and analysis of threat events, taking into account the physical principle of the technical means of detection, their location on the ground, time of year, time of day, weather conditions and the operational situation at the object of protection associated with the occurrence of threats .

The aim of the present invention is to increase the degree of automation of the system, leading to a reduction in the number of staff.

The specified goal is achieved by:

- automation of the processes for detecting and identifying a potential violator;

- reducing the number of false positives of the system when using intelligent information processing algorithms, including neural network algorithms and fuzzy logic algorithms with the possibility of learning and predicting the operation of the system;

- the use of large data analytics and detailed analysis of threat events;

- the possibility of combining data from technical means of detection, working on different physical principles;

- the ability to classify moving objects according to the criterion of "friend or foe";

- the use of robotic tools for remote configuration, verification and control of system components;

- the use of speech, sound, light and chemical deterrent systems of potential violators;

- the use of automated identity control systems at checkpoints using biometric control methods;

- connecting the rapid reaction forces (capture group) to eliminate threats;

- the use of lethal and non-lethal means of influence on the identified violator;

- use of an extensive network of navigation and communications using GLONASS / GPS, cellular and other types of communications;

- the use of UAVs to identify threatening situations. The protection of the State border of the Russian Federation, extended perimeters and territories of especially important objects places high demands on the accuracy of identifying disturbing situations and unlawful acts with recognition of objects of violation and the suppression of unauthorized actions, which should be ensured by the high functional reliability of the system.

To achieve this goal, the well-known technical solution introduced new significant features and functional relationships that can increase the degree of automation of the system, thereby ensuring reliable protection of the State border of the Russian Federation, extended perimeters and territories of especially important facilities and reduce the number of staff.

This goal was achieved in the proposed "Low-maintenance system of physical protection of objects", which contains the core of the system in the form of a central control center (CPU), which includes: an automated workstation (AWP) of the operator, database servers, display tools, local area network tools (LAN) communications and software; complexes of technical means (CCC) of control and automation, including technical detection means (TCO), operating on different physical principles, stationary, autonomous and mobile control posts of the territory, communications, navigation and LAN; as well as a radio channel, the system additionally includes: equipment of the security forces (ASO), which contains lethal and non-lethal means, deterrents, communications, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and navigation aids; automated checkpoint equipment (AA checkpoint) containing communications equipment and LAN equipment; Robotic means (PC) containing communication means; and engineering facilities (IP) containing communications; moreover, the communication means of the CPU, KTS, ASO, AA KPP, RA and IS are combined using a radio channel, and the means of the local computer network of the CPU, KTS, and AA KPP are combined using a communication line.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows the main attributes of the system.

The designations are introduced in the drawing: the core of the system in the form of a central control center (CPU) - 1, complexes of technical means (KTS) of control and automation - 2, equipment of security forces (ASO) - 3, equipment of an automated checkpoint (AA KPP) - 4, robotic tools (PC) - 5, engineering tools (IS) - 6, radio communication channel - 7, operator workstation (AWS) - 8, database servers - 9, display tools - 10, local area network (LAN) tools ) - 11, communications - 12, navigation - 13, technical avg. detection equipment (TCO) - 14, video monitoring equipment - 15, stationary, autonomous and mobile monitoring posts of the territory - 16, lethal means - 17, non-lethal means - 18, deterrents - 19, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) - 20, communication line - 21, software - 22.

The proposed system works as follows. The system provides security in open areas. When organizing the protection of the State Border of the Russian Federation, an extended perimeter or territory of a particularly important facility, the entire perimeter or territory is conditionally divided into many control sites (control posts), which host a lot of TSS. Each control post 16 forms the number (address) of “their” zone or area. TCO 14 in each of the control posts 16 are located in the protected area and are grouped according to several TCO. These technical means are located in stationary, autonomous and mobile control posts of territory 2.

Many geographically located control points are connected to the CPU 1 by means of communication 12 using radio communication channel 7, operating, for example, at a frequency of 433 MHz.

To ensure decentralization of the computing resources of the system, local area network (LAN) 11 is used, which, using a wired or fiber-optic communication line 21, provides communication between the CPU 1, KTS 2 and AA KPP 4, for example, via an Ethernet interface or RS-485 interface . LAN tools form a telecommunications system (STK) to ensure reliable exchange of information between the components of the PPS objects.

The composition of the CPU 1 includes the operator's workstation 8, database servers 9, display means 10, LAN means 11, communication tools 12, and software 22. The CPU 1 is provided with archive memory located in the database servers 9 (primary and backup). Display means 10 are capable of alarming and displaying TCO on the terrain plan, recording TCO alarm messages and the generated generalized alarm signal in each of the stationary, autonomous and mobile territory monitoring posts. The software 22 controls the operation of the system and is configured to provide information support to the operator by generating recommendations (user-friendly interface).

TCO 14 included in the sets of technical means (CCC) of control and automation 2, is configured to receive control information from the CPU 1, as well as transmit to the CPU 1 a large data stream by means of communication 12. Data from the TCO 14 can be transmitted in digital format in as separate files (frames) in the CPU 1 in a structured or unstructured form in case of an alarm situation or a change in the situation in the control areas. This data may include the following information:

- the presence of an alarm (yes / no);

- probabilistic sign of reliability of anxiety (from 0 to 1, for example, 0.98);

- the place of violation of the guarded line (the number of the control site, the segment number of the control site);

- classification of the detected object ("single", "group", "vehicle");

- direction of movement (“to us”, “from us”);

- speed of movement;

- parameters of the object of violation (overall dimensions);

- the presence of a detected object of metal weapons (“armed”, “not armed”);

- signal fragment;

- level (energy) of the signal;

- signal spectrum;

- other signs and parameters (on / off, battery discharge, threshold levels, malfunction, processing error, etc.).

When identifying threats in TCOs that operate on different physical principles, polysyllabic attributes may be used that are not always explicitly expressed. For example, for a seismic TCO, one of the signs is the energy of the spectrum in a sliding window, the other is the number of signal trains (steps) of the intruder recorded in the detection zone, and the third is the time delay between individual signals. For an LFM radar, a sign is a shift in the harmonics of the signal spectrum by a certain amount in the frequency domain. For a passive IR sensor, the signs may be the number of intruders crossing the narrow sectors of the detection zone and the time intervals between rising and falling edges of the shadowing signals of the sectors of the detection zone. Thus, for TSS working on complex algorithms, polysyllabic features can be generated. All the data and signs described above can be conditionally (for simplicity) combined by the term “attack signature”.

The information processing algorithms in the system are made with the possibility of using neural network algorithms and fuzzy logic algorithms for the intelligent processing of information and combining alarm messages necessary for training and predicting the operation of the system based on the analysis of threat events taking into account the physical principle of operation of the TSS, their location on the ground, time of year , time of day, weather and operational conditions at the object of protection associated with the occurrence of threats. Increasing the degree of automation of the system is aimed at ensuring the principle of reliability and survivability in regular and emergency situations.

When an object (for example, an intruder) penetrates the protected area at one of the control posts, hazardous signals with “their” numbers (addresses) of control sites and the necessary related data that will be transmitted using radio communication channel 7 and line will be generated by appropriate TCO communication 21 in the CPU 1 for analysis and data processing. To confirm attempts to overcome the border of protection, video monitoring means 15 are used, which are used as cameras and thermal imagers operating in continuous or low-frame modes. The low-frame mode of operation used in video monitoring tools is well known and is described in patents RU No. 2517042 (“Small-frame video surveillance system for monitoring extended security lines”) and RU No. 2504015 (“Small-frame mobile video surveillance system”). As a result of the analysis, taking into account the attack signatures and combining TCO, CPU 1 classifies mobile objects according to the “friend or foe” criterion, confirms or does not confirm the threat that has arisen, and, if the threat is confirmed, generates a generalized alarm signal.

TCO 14 can work on different physical principles. As TCO 14, seismic alarm sensors, radio wave alarm sensors, passive infrared alarm sensors, magnetometric alarm sensors, single-position or two-position radio-beam alarm sensors, vibration alarm sensors installed on a physical obstacle, and breakaway sensors can be used .

TCOs can be configured to detect a human-intruder, or to detect larger objects such as cars and trucks, tracked and horse-drawn vehicles. Alarm sensors working on different physical principles have their own characteristics of functioning under various industrial, seasonal and weather conditions. For example, seismic alarm sensors degrade performance during heavy rains, wetting and waterlogging of the soil. Infrared alarm sensors reduce fog performance. Radio-beam and radio-wave alarm sensors are sensitive to the effects of electronic interference operating in their operating frequency ranges. Vibration alarms mounted on the fence are sensitive to strong continuous wind loads. Therefore, the combination of the physical principles of the sensors is an important direction in the organization of protection.

The information received in the CPU 1 from TCO 14, as a rule, is uncorrelated and carries different, complementary information. A comparative analysis of this information and a combination of various factors make it possible to identify the fact of violation of the protection line and identify the violator.

The information received from the TSO is processed in the system based on the analysis of threat events according to the criteria of the maximum probability of detection or the minimum number of false alarms and taking into account the physical principle of operation of alarm sensors, their location on the ground, and also depending on the time of year, time of day, weather and operational conditions at the object of protection associated with the occurrence of threats. When using the TCO combining mechanism, information processing algorithms are selected in accordance with the decisive rules “AND”, “OR”, “2 out of 3” depending on tactical tasks.

Information processing algorithms can be selected based on the analysis of threat events with the possibility of using more complex intelligent algorithms of fuzzy logic (Fuzzy Logic). The fuzzy logic algorithm for signal processing is a well-known algorithm and is used, for example, in the radio-beam sensors of the alarm system of the ERMO 482X PRO series manufactured by CIAS, www.cias-russia.ru.

Training and prediction of network operation is carried out in accordance with the use of neural network algorithms. Intelligent neural network algorithms are used to qualitatively identify the fact of violation of the protection line, identify the violator and the ability to predict future responses to threats. Prediction of events is carried out due to the accumulation and storage of attack signatures in the system for a certain period of time with the subsequent identification of the dynamics of changes in threats and determining the trend of their aggravation. The principle of operation of a trained neural sensor network is well known and described in detail, for example, in patents: US No. 5276770 (“Training a neural network to combine data with multiple sources”), US No. 7170418 (“Probabilistic neural network for multi-criteria presence of an event”), US No. 7429923 (“Neural sensor networks”), US No. 8615476 (“Protection of military perimeters from an approaching person and a vehicle using a biologically realistic neural network”) and RU No. 2665264 (“Intelligent intruder detection system”). The use of intelligent algorithms will significantly improve the tactical and technical characteristics of the proposed system in terms of more reliable detection of intruders and increase its noise immunity, and, as a result, makes it possible to reduce the number of staff needed to verify and eliminate false events in the protected area.

Automated control methods for analyzing threat events can also use the following additional features:

- adaptation to threats and patterns of violators;

- taking into account weather conditions in order to adjust processing algorithms (for example, during rain, hail, strong wind, fog, etc.);

- interrogation of the state of neighboring TSOs with the aim of making a final decision on the alarm situation in a particular area of control of the protected area (for example, during a thunderstorm or strong gusts of wind);

- accumulation of data to take them into account when analyzing the state of TCO in the event of similar situations in the future;

- the use of sleep mode (sleep) to save power by the system;

- distribution and redistribution of computing resources between the CPU and the TCO using LAN tools;

- the use of information about the distance to the place of violation, the parameters of the object of violation, the speed and direction of its movement through the guarded border to identify the object of violation by class (person, small animal or bird, vehicle), which gives additional information to the security forces to counter violators.

Also relevant is the use in the system of identification tags "friend or foe", carried with them, which are intended to control the movement and behavior of service personnel outside and inside the zone of the object of protection. As tags, RFTD tags in the 865-868 MHz band (UHF band) can be used.

Automation of the processes of obtaining and processing information, which leads to an increase in the noise immunity of the system, eliminates the need for frequent nominations of service personnel to remote security sites to clarify and analyze situations on the ground that lead to false positives. Hence, as a consequence, the possibility of reducing staff.

Complexes of technical means (KTS) 2 and security forces equipment (ASO) 3 include navigation means 13, for example, built-in GLONASS / GPS receivers, which are used to attach objects to a local or geographical coordinate system.

The established fact of the intruder's penetration into the protected territory, his identification and determination of information about the location of the violation, direction and speed of movement, as well as the degree of his armament, make it possible to use a smaller number of security forces to suppress the actions of the violator, thereby reducing the total number of staff of the guarded object.

The composition of the equipment of the security forces (ASO) 3 includes lethal 17 and non-lethal 18 means, means of repelling 19 and UAV 20. The ASO 3 communicates with the CPU 1 through a radio channel 7 using means of communication 12. The use of lethal means in a security alarm system is well known and is described, for example, in patent RU No. 2365857 (“System for protecting the border of a protected area”), which describes the use of remotely controlled weapons used to actively counter unauthorized entry into ushiteley the territory of the protected object, including in order to prevent an act of terrorism.

Non-lethal means include, for example, non-lethal effects of electric current when trying to overcome a protective fence. A non-lethal effect can be carried out using subbarrelled grenade launchers with ammunition of irritating, light-sound and shock-shock action. The use of sound and irritating grenades such as "Dawn", "Flame", "Torch" and "Drift" is allowed.

As means of deterrence 19 can be used speech, sound, light and chemical means of exposure. For example, a loud cry recorded on a tape recorder, a bright flash of light that deafens a sonic boom, application of dyeing or foul-smelling extracts to the clothes of the violator. Simultaneously with these actions that impede the advancement of a person in a protected area, you can use means that scare away animals and birds (light and sound effects, electric shock). Repellents can be used in places most likely for intruders to penetrate.

The use of UAVs 20 for reconnaissance purposes in the protected area and on the approaches to it is well known and described, for example, in RU patent No. 2583742 (prototype). Automation of patrolling of territories by UAV means allows timely determination of the source of threats and ensuring countermeasures by forces and means of protection.

As engineering tools (IS) 6 to ensure the physical protection of objects and territories are used:

- physical barriers (protective barriers, gates, gates, barriers and other physical obstacles);

- defensive and defensive structures for sentries (observation towers, guard mushrooms, booths, etc.);

- Engineering equipment at checkpoints;

- perimeter engineering equipment (lighting masts, precinct cabinets, distribution boxes, etc.).

Protective fences include light or hard fences, typically 2 to 3.5 meters high. For the stability of extended barriers, supports are used that are installed in the ground at a certain distance from each other. Section of the fence (in the intervals between the supports) can consist of mesh paintings, netting or solid-state structures (wooden, reinforced concrete, brick), as well as tightly stretched wires (including barbed). When organizing the physical protection of objects and territories, preferred are barriers with mesh webs. Known protective mesh barriers (patents for utility models RU No. 569677, 68565, 68566, 68567, 69900, 91362, 94609, 102038, 116546, 122414, 136842, 166519 and invention patents RU No. 2266382, 2333327, 2476656) containing supports buried in the ground on which mesh webs (or sections) of the fence are fixed. Mesh webs are usually collected from horizontally and vertically oriented steel wires or rods fastened together, which form cells of a certain size throughout the barrier web. Cloths of mesh barriers have a protective layer of zinc, polymer or ceramic coating and can be successfully used as physical and signal barriers.

Gates and gates are usually built into mesh barriers to allow people and vehicles to pass through. Gates and gates are usually equipped with electromechanical locking devices (EMZU), providing control of the opening and closing of gates and gates from the CPU 1 by means of communication 12.

As robotic tools (PC) 5 can be used the technical means of remote configuration, verification and control of the components of the system. As an example, we can use the use of mobile radio-controlled mechanisms for remote control crossing security lines at remote areas of the perimeter. Another effective means of robotic security perimeter can be called the use of radio-controlled self-propelled "cart", equipped with "technical" vision (TV camera and thermal imager). Such a "cart", using 3D - information processing algorithms, will move along the perimeter of the object and transmit the necessary information to CPU 1. An analysis of the behavioral factors of violators and the ability to control them can also be considered relevant. On the perimeter, you can use warning sound signals (“Wait, who's coming?”, “Let's shoot!”, Etc.). These actions are designed for the reaction of a rational person who will either stop or change the tactics of movement. The animal will continue to move, not paying attention to these signals. The most effective is focusing on the body of the intruder a red laser “cross” from the optical sight of a sniper rifle with an audible warning: “Please stop, the robot keeps you on the sight!”. There are very few willing to take risks and move on.

The equipment of the automated checkpoint (AA KPP) 4 performs the functions of an access control and management system (ACS) to control and ensure authorized access of personnel and visitors to the security object and allows to increase the degree of security of the checkpoint from unauthorized access to the protected area. The structure of AA KPP 4 includes (if necessary) means ensuring the inspection of passing personnel and passing vehicles for carrying (carrying) prohibited items (weapons, nuclear and radioactive materials, explosives and toxic substances, etc.). In order to enhance the quality of control, in addition to comparing the visitor by his photo, biometric methods are used such as monitoring by the cornea of the eye, fingerprints and signature dynamics. At AA KPP 4, Smart Radar technology can also be used to scan a person’s behavioral signs (smell, sweat, heart rate, etc.), as well as to recognize material objects hidden on the body of the offending person. The use of these methods virtually eliminates possible errors in the identification of personnel and visitors.

Communication AA KPP 4 with the CPU 1 is carried out through the radio communication channel 7 by means of communication 12, as well as using LAN 11 connected via communication line 21.

Additional features and functional connections introduced into the known system make it possible to give the proposed system new significant properties, increase the degree of system automation and reduce, in this regard, the number of staff.

Claims (1)

A low-maintenance physical protection system for objects that contains the core of the system in the form of a central control center (CPU), which includes interconnected automated workstation (AWS) of the operator, database servers, display facilities, and local area network (LAN) facilities; complexes of technical means (CCC) of control and automation, including technical means of detection (TCO), operating on different physical principles, stationary, autonomous, and made with the possibility of receiving control information from the CPU and transmitting signals to the CPU with the numbers of control sections for processing, as well as mobile checkpoints of the territory, with navigation and communication means with LAN means, the system also includes equipment of security forces (ASO) with lethal and non-lethal means impact, by means of deterrence, unmanned aerial vehicles, which has navigation means for linking objects to a local or geographical coordinate system, and communication means for communicating with a central control unit, automated checkpoint equipment (AA checkpoint), containing communication means and LAN means and made with the ability to control access to the protected area and transfer data to the CPU, robotic tools (PC) designed to check and control parts of the system and exchange information with communication facilities of the CPU, as well as engineering tools (IS) of protective structures having control mechanisms configured to exchange information with the CPU, configured to process incoming information using intelligent neural networks to detect the violation of the security line, identify the intruder and exchange information by means LAN between the CPU, CTS and AA PPC.

Images